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Operator’s manual T Series Advance Operator’s manual T151eLS --- T191LS = the Advance models Serial numbers of your tractors Model = model indication used by service / spare part department Identification number = tractor serial number If you need spare parts or service, give the model indication --- and serial numbers and also if necessary engine---, front axle--- cab and transmission numbers (see on page 195) as well and you will get the right parts and fast service. Cab number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Type plate EEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tractor serial number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engine number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front axle number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T1LS 2 ---1--- Main table of contents The Operator’s Manual is divided into 12 main parts, using the letters A, B, C ... L. These are further sub divided into number sections. There are four levels of titles. E.g. on the marking D.1.3 the letter D tells that it is the main part D, Instruments and controls. The first number 1 (see detailed table of contents) tells that it is the illustration section of the instruments and controls part, etc. The detailed table of contents provides a lettering, a numbering and page system. The bottom of each page displays a reference to the main part of the manual it is in. page no A Detailed table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 --- 6 B Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C General description 7 --- 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 --- 21 D Instruments and controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 --- 94 E Starting and running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 --- 102 F Operating instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 --- 142 G Maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H Periodic maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 --- 165 I Checks and adjustments J Specifications 143 --- 149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 --- 177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 --- 198 K Extra and alternative equipment L Alphabetical index . . . . . . . . 199 --- 237 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 --- 240 ---2--- To the operator T Series Advance = T151eLS, T161LS, T171LS, T191LS (models sold may vary in different marketing areas) This Operator’s Manual is primarily intended for drivers of VALTRA power shuttle tractors. The manual contains detailed instructions for driving, operating and maintaining the tractor. Make sure your new tractor is always handled and maintained in the correct way which will ensure reliability and provide economical operation for many years. You can also get more information from Valtra Internet pages (www.valtra.com) about e.g. how to use the transmission and driving. This Operator’s Manual is only for agricultural tractors. If the tractor is used for other applications, it is the responsibility of the owner to ensure compliance with local regulations. In this case always contact your Valtra dealer first. Alternative equipment in the book means equipment, which can be selected when ordering the tractor. This equipment can not easily be fitted at a later time to the tractor. Extra equipment means the equipment, which can be bought and mounted at a later time to the tractor. We recommend that you read the manual thoroughly. Follow the maintenance program carefully and include the daily maintenance in your normal routine. Maintenance, repairs and adjustments which are not described in this Operator’s Manual require the use of special tools and exact technical data. For such work you should contact your dealer who has specially trained personnel to help you. Only use genuine Valtra spare parts for optimum performance from your tractor. You should order spare parts according to the instructions given in the illustrated parts catalogue. Due to the continual development of Valtra products, the content of this manual may not always correspond to the new product. Therefore, we retain the right to make alterations without prior notification. Please note: when using the tractor you must always follow all valid laws and regulations even, if they are not specifically pointed out in this manual. Valtra Inc. ---3--- A. Detailed table of contents Serial numbers of your tractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Main table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 To the operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Detailed table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B. Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 B 1. Safety rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C. General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 C 1. Illustration, VALTRA T151eLS, T61LS, T171LS, T191LS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 C 2. Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 C 3. Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 C 3.1. Electronic engine management (EEM) . . . . . 16 C 3.2. Common rail system engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 C 4. Power transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 C 4.1. HiTech power shuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 C 4.3. Powershift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 C 5. Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 C 6. Steering system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 C 7. Hydraulic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 D. Instruments and controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 D 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 D 1.1. Pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 D 1.2. Instrument panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 D 1.3. Right--- side panel / arm rest controls . . . . . . 24 D 1.3.1. Tractor terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 D 1.3.2. Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 D 1.3.3. Linkage/ Power take ---off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 D 1.3.4. Auxiliary hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 D 1.3.5. Other controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 D 1.4. Rear side controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 D 1.5. Controls on LH side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 D 1.6. Front roof console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 D 1.7. Right hand side roof console . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 D 1.8. Driver’s seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 D 1.9. Other controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 D 2. Instruments and controls, more detail . . . . . . . . . 32 D 2.1. Pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 D 2.2. Instrument panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 D 2.2.3. Shuttle --- and parking brake lever . . . . . . . 33 D 2.2.4. Pre ---programming switch of Powershift . 34 D 2.2.12. Proline ---instrument panel . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 D 2.2.12.7. Indicator lights on instrument panel . 38 D 2.2.12.8. LCD ---display unit (liquid crystal display) in Proline instrument panel . . . . . . . 39 1. Fixed displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2. Displays chosen with change over switch . . 39 3. Proline instrument panel LCD display (liquid crystal display) setting switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4. Changing the parameters of the Proline instrument panel LCD display (liquid crystal display) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 D 2.3. Right---side panel / arm rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 D 2.3.1.1. Control buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 D 2.3.1.2.Main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 1. Large drive display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2. Split screen drive display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3. Settings for the auxiliary hydraulics . . . . . . . . 56 4. Tractor information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 D 2.3.1.3.Resetting parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 1. Changing selection of driving start--- and shuttle ---automatic ON/OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 2. Resetting driving speed / tyre parameters . . 65 3. Rear PTO engaging speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4. Changing temperature unit of outdoor temperature display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5. Changing driving speed unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 6. Calibrating speed sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 D 2.3.2. Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 D 2.3.2.7. Switch for Powershift---automatics . . . 71 A. Detailed table of contents D 2.3.2.10. U ---Pilot headland automatics . . . . . . 73 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 2. Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 3. Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4. Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5. Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6. Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 7. Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 8. Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 9. Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 D 2.3.3. Linkage /PTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 D 2.3.3.1. Rear linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Drive balance control switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Slip control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Radar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 D 2.3.3.2. Front linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 D 2.3.3.3. Rear power take ---off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 D 2.3.3.4. Front PTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 D 2.3.4. Auxiliary hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 D 2.3.5. Other controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 D 2.4. Controls on rear side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 D 2.5. Controls on LH side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 D 2.6. Roof console on the front side . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 D 2.7. Roof console on the right side . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 D 2.8. Driver’s seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 D 2.9. Other controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 E. Starting and running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 E 1. Points to note during the first 50 hours running . 95 E 2. Starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 E 2.1. Normal start/cold start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 E 2.2. Starting gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 E 2.3. Starting with an auxiliary battery (jump starting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 E 3. Driving start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 E 3.1. Accelerator pedal/ hand throttle . . . . . . . . . . . 96 E 4. Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 E 4.1. HiShift switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 E 4.2. Power shuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 E 4.2.1. Programming of Powershift . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 E 4.3. Automatic traction control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 E 4.4. Powershift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 E 4.4.1. Powershift---automatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 E 4.5. Cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 E 4.6. Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 E 4.7. Differential lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 E 4.8. Four wheel drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 E 4.9. Engine speed range selector (ECO), T151eLS 101 E 5. Stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 E 6. Action to be taken during use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 E 6.1. Permitted driving inclinations for a tractor on a slope (continuous driving) to ensure sufficient lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 E 6.2. Using chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 E 6.3. Off ---road driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 E 6.4. Door limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 E 6.5. Rear mudguards adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 E 6.6. Front mudguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 E 6.7. Towing the tractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 F. Operating instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 F 1. Power take ---off (PTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 F 1.1. Sigma Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 F 1.2. Power take ---off shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 F 1.3. Proportional ground speed PTO . . . . . . . . . . . 105 F 1.4. Checking the transmission ratio of a PTO driven trailer for use with proportional ground speed PTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 F 2. Trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 F 2.1. Trailer socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 F 3. Three ---point linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 ---4--- F 3.1. Lifting links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 F 3.2. Check links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 F 3.3. Quick couplings for lower links . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 F 4. Using the hydraulic lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 F 4.1. Lift/stop/lower switch (Autocontrol switch) . . . 110 F 4.1.1. Activating the linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 F 4.2. Position control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 F 4.3. Setting transport height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 F 4.4. Floating ---position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 F 4.5. Draft control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 F 4.6. Lowering speed control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 F 4.7. Override switch for position control knob . . . 111 F 4.8. Drive balance control switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 F 4.9. Slip control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 F 5. Auxiliary hydraulic valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 F 5.1. Valve functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 F 5.1.1. Position locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 F 5.1.2. Floating position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 F 5.1.3. Valve adjustment to single --- action . . . . . 113 F 5.1.4. Summary, valves and couplings . . . . . . . . 113 F 5.2. Return coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 F 5.3. Connecting auxiliary hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . 138 F 5.4. Action to be taken during operation . . . . . . . . 138 F 5.5. Hydraulic motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 F 6. Attaching implements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 F 6.1. Using PTO shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 F 7. Ploughing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 F 7.1. Recommendations when ploughing with a fully mounted plough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 F 7.2. When using a semi ---mounted plough . . . . . . 141 F 7.3. Ploughing with a reversible plough . . . . . . . . 141 F 7.4. Ploughing with Autocontrol, brief summary . . 142 G. Maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 G 1. Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 G 1.1. General instructions concerning oil checks and oil filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 G 1.2. Cleaning the tractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 G 1.3. Lubrication and maintenance schedule . . . . 144 G 2. Recommended fuel and lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . 145 G 2.2. Quality requirements of engine fuel . . . . . . . . 146 G 2.2.1. Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 G 2.2.2. Fuel storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 G 2.2.3. Filter system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 G 2.2.4. Biodiesel fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 G 3. Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 G 4. Maintenance schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 H. Periodic maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 H 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 H 1.1. Air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 H 2. Maintenance daily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 H 3. Maintenance weekly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 H 4. Maintenance every 500 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 H 5. Maintenance every 1000 hours or yearly . . . . . . 159 H 6. Maintenance every 2000 hours or every other year . . . 164 I. Checks and adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 I 1. Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 I 1.1. Bleeding fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 I 1.2. Air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 I 1.3. Maintenance ---cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 I 2. Electrical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 I 2.1. Battery checks and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . 168 I 2.2. Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 I 2.3. Safety precautions for the electrical system . . 168 I 2.3.1. Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 I 2.4. Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 I 2.4.1. Electric center of the instrument panel . . . 169 I 2.5. Headlight adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 I 3. Brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 I 3.1. Adjusting travel of brake pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 I 3.2. Adjusting parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 I 3.3. Bleeding brake system of air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 I 4. Steering system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 I 4.1. Checking and adjusting toe ---in of front wheels 173 I 4.2. Steering angle adjustment, 4WD . . . . . . . . . . . I 5. Adjusting track width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5.1. Adjusting track width, industrial front axle . . . . I 5.2. Adjusting track width, rear axle . . . . . . . . . . . . I 6. If the tractor is not used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 1. Dimensions and weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 2. Maximum permissible axle loadings . . . . . . . . . . J 3. Tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 3.1. Wheelnuts, tightening torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 3.2. Tyre loadings and pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 4. Track widths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 5. Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 5.1. Engine lubrication system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 5.2. Fuel system and air cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 5.3. Coolant system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 6. Electrical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7. Power transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.1. Power shuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.2. Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.3. Gearbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.4. Final drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.4.1. Differential lock, rear axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.5. Speed ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.6. Power take ---off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.6.1. Driving speeds at different rear PTO nominal revs (km/h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.6.2. Proportional ground speed . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.6.3. Max. power take ---off output . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.6.4.Front PTO (extra equipment) nominal revs 1000 r/min corresponding engine revs (r/min) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 7.7. Powered front axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 8. Brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 9. Steering system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 9.1. Turning circle radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 10. Hydraulic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 10.1. Electro---hydraulic linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 10.2. Low pressure circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 10.3. Working hydraulic circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 10.3.1. Valves for auxiliary hydraulics . . . . . . . . . J 10.3.2. Counter pressures when using return connection for auxiliary hydraulics . . . . . . . J 10.4. Hydraulic linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 10.4.1. Max lifting force on the whole lifting area J 10.4.2. Lifting range at end of lower links . . . . . . J 11. Other specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 11.1. Markings of gearbox and power take ---off . . J 11.2. The capacity of the cab filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 11.3. Stud dimensions and spacing for wheel discs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 11.4. Code number table for calibrating . . . . . . . . K. Extra and alternative equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 1. Extra equipment catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2. Extra and alternative equipment, operating and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.1. Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.2. Electrical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.2.1. Control Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.2.2. Implement signal connection . . . . . . . . . . K 2.2.3. Implement control system, ISOBUS . . . . . 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.3. Power transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.3.1. Front power take ---off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.4. Brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.4.1. Air pressure brakes of the trailer (press air compressor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---5--- 174 175 175 176 176 178 178 178 179 179 180 181 182 182 183 183 183 184 184 184 184 184 184 185 186 187 191 191 191 192 192 192 192 193 193 193 193 194 194 194 194 195 195 195 195 196 197 199 199 201 201 201 201 202 202 202 203 204 204 204 204 205 206 207 207 207 208 A. Detailed table of contents K 2.4.2. Fluid brake valve of the trailer . . . . . . . . . . 1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.4.3. Emergency brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.5. Steering system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.5.1. Reverse drive controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.5.2. Air suspension of front axle . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.5.3. Flexible front mudguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6. Cab and shields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6.1. Air suspension ---driver’s seat . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6.2. Valtra Evolution driver’s seat . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6.3. Air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6.3.1. Manual air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6.3.2. Automatic air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Air conditioning operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Air conditioning panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Air conditioning control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1. Fan control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1.1. AUTO position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1.2. Manual position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1.3. OFF --- position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2. Liquid crystal display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3. Temperature selector switch . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3.1. HI --- setting mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3.2. LO ---setting mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.4. A/C(air conditioning system) . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.5. Defrosting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.6. Selection of recirculation of thefresh air/indoor air . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6.4. Forest cab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Operating instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.6.5. AutoComfort---Cabin suspension system 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7. Hydraulic and towing device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7.1. Trailer hitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Trailer hitch mechanic unlatching . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Trailer hitch hydraulic unlatching . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Drawbar eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Adjusting and checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7.2. Agricultural drawbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7.3. Towing device (Scharmüller) . . . . . . . . . . . 1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Instructions for operating hitch . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Maintenance and greasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7.4. Euro trailer hitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Adjusting and checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7.5. Euro trailer hitch with hydraulic extension 1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Adjusting and checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7.6. Automatic check links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Detailed table of contents 208 208 208 209 209 209 210 210 211 211 211 211 211 211 211 212 212 214 216 216 216 216 218 218 218 218 218 219 219 219 219 219 219 220 220 220 220 1. Adjusting the automatic check links . . . . . . . 2. Floating position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.7.7. Front linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Instructions for operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Pressure accumulators for front linkage . . . . K 2.7.8. Power Beyond couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.8. Other equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 2.8.1. Mounting readiness for the extra equipment in the front housing . . . . . . . . . . L. Alphabetical Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conversion table for common units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 221 221 221 221 222 222 222 222 223 224 224 224 224 224 224 225 225 225 225 226 226 227 227 227 229 229 229 229 230 230 230 230 231 232 232 ---6--- 232 232 233 233 234 234 234 235 236 236 238 241 B. Safety precautions B 1. Safety rules This section summarizes the regulations which must always be followed when working with the tractor. However, these regulations do not exempt the driver from statutory and other national regulations as regards traffic safety and occupational health and safety. Safety regulations applicable for different types of working sites and existing road traffic laws must always be followed. When designing the tractor priority was given to the safety of the operator. Steps and handles have been placed with ease of entry into the cab in mind. The tractor has several safety features eg: guards for belts and pulleys etc. 1 Danger, Warning, Caution --- Whenever you see the words and symbols shown below, used in this book and on decals, you MUST take note of their instructions as they relate to personal safety. 3 Brakes --- Always check that the brakes are operating correctly before moving. The brake pedals should be locked together when driving on the road. Extensive repairs to the braking system should be undertaken only by Valtra approved service personnel. When implements or ballast weights are front end mounted the rear axle loading is decreased: --- In these circumstances the driver should check that the rear brakes are still effective. --- When needed use opposite ballast weights at rear. 4 Children and the tractor --- Never allow children in the cab or near the tractor or an attached implement while the engine is running. Always lower the implement to the ground when leaving the tractor. DANGER: This symbol together with the word DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in DEATH OR VERY SERIOUS INJURY. 1 WARNING: This symbol together with the word WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation that if not avoided could result in DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY. CAUTION: This symbol together with the word CAUTION is used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in MINOR INJURY. 2 IMPORTANT: The word IMPORTANT is used to identify special instructions or procedures which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to, or destruction of the machine, process or its surroundings. NOTE: The word NOTE is used to indicate points of particular interest for more efficient and convenient repair or operation. T B2 5 Roof hatch (extra equipment) --- Open the hatch by pulling the knob (1) on the handle forwards and pushing the hatch upwards. To open the hatch fully (for emergency exit) detach the gas spring upper end (2) from its fastener and push the hatch fully open. WARNING: When driving on ice it is recommended to keep the roof hatch open. Decals WARNING: DO NOT remove or obscure Danger, Warning, Caution or Instruction Decals. Replace any Danger, Warning, Caution or Instruction Decals that are not readable or are missing. Replacement decals are available from your Dealer in the event of loss or damage. The actual location of these Safety Decals is illustrated at the end of this section. 2 Tractor construction --- The tractor construction must not be changed (f.ex. max. driving speed, max. power etc.) The tractor is type approved to comply with construction and use regulations. Any changes to the tractor may reduce the safety and durability and affect the warranty terms. 6 Passengers --- No passenger may ride on the tractor unless it is provided with a special seat. Any passenger must not ride on the platform placed in the tractor. Other personal transport, for example, on front---mounted loaders, is not permissible. 7 Caution --- Hold on to the steering wheel or safety handles in the cab if the tractor tips over. Never try to jump out. 8 Maintenance --- The driver is responsible for following the maintenance instructions in this Manual and the safety regulations applicable to the tractor. No maintenance work is to be carried out on the tractor or implement unless the engine is stopped and the implement lowered. 9 Lending --- Never lend the tractor to a person who is not used to driving it. You may be held responsible for any resulting accidents. ---7--- B. Safety precautions 10 Lights --- Always make sure that the lights and reflectors are clean and in working order. Do not forget that the headlights must be correctly adjusted. reflector arrangement. 19 Trailer --- A trailer should only be coupled to the drawbar. A loaded drawbar must always be lowered with the hydraulic lift. Check that trailer brakes are operating properly and observe any special instructions issued by the trailer manufacturer. WARNING: When the tractor is towing a trailer the brake pedals must be locked together. The brakes are not to be used individually for steering. WARNING: When using a trailer make sure that the hitch latch is locked. WARNING: When using the trailer always use the brakes, if the law requires. The trailer brakes are recommended to use in 50 km/h models also in those countries, where it is not required by the law. T B3 11 Carbon monoxide --- Never start the engine, or run it indoors while the doors are closed as this may lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. 12 Downhill --- Never drive downhill with the gear lever in neutral or the clutch pedal pressed down. Check the brakes often. Always change down to a lower gear before driving down a steep incline. When driving downhill do not brake continuously --- Danger of overheating the brakes! Do not let the engine over run to avoid damage to the engine. 13 Running speed --- Adjust the speed to suit the driving surface, visibility and load. Avoid any sudden increase or reduction (braking) in the running speed as well as tight turns at high speed. If care is not taken the tractor may tip over or the load may be displaced. IMPORTANT: The maximum speed of the tractor must not be altered. Maximum operating forward speed is 40 Km/h (traffic tractors 50 Km/h), for safety the maximum operating speed in reverse is 20 Km/h. 20 Front ---end loader --- When working with a front loader, be sure that no one is in the working area. There is a danger that the tractor may tip over when the loader is lifted. The driver should put the front---end loader in the down position before leaving the tractor. Any special instructions issued by the loader manufacturer should also be observed. 21 Running --- Before driving always check that the tractor is in a safe condition for driving on the road. Rear view mirrors should be adjusted to give the correct viewing angle before setting off. When towing an implement whose centre of gravity is located at a significant distance behind the tractor, the driver should remember that there may be considerable sway during cornering. 22 Differential lock --- The differential lock must only be used when running on loose or slippery ground. 14 Power take ---off driven attachments --- When running with power take---off driven attachments or machines it is very important that the prescribed safety devices are used and that they are in good condition. Serious accidents have occurred due to failure to use the prescribed safety devices. Follow the directions given by the implement or machine manufacturer. 15 Check links --- When transporting implements using the three---point linkage, the check links must be locked with pins. T B5 17 Stairs --- Keep the stairs clean. Build up of dirt can cause slippery conditions and can cause injury. 23 Ballast weights --- When driving on the road at least 20 % of the gross weight of the tractor must be on the front axle. When lifting an implement the weight on the front end of the tractor is reduced, and the steering ability of the tractor is impaired or sometimes lost. Therefore sufficient ballast weights should be carried. Ballast weights should be mounted only at the points intended for this purpose. 18 Trailer load --- On tractors with trailers the load must be properly secured. The load must not obstruct the driver’s vision or cover lights and reflectors. Loads which project more than 1 m (39 in) behind the vehicle train must be suitably marked. During day-time this should be done with a flag and during darkness with a red light and 24 Attaching implements --- Care must be taken when implements are being attached. There is a risk of an accident if the tractor or implement should move. It is only safe to enter the space between the tractor and the implement if the parking brake is applied or the wheels blocked in order to prevent the tractor from moving. 16 Emergency exits --- The cab is provided with four emergency exits. These are the doors, the rear window and the roof hatch (extra equipment). B. Safety precautions ---8--- 25 Damage --- The driver is responsible for seeing to the repair of any damage or wear which might endanger the safety of the tractor. WARNING: If damage occurs to the cab, all parts affected should be replaced with new ones. No repair work (welding, drilling, cutting, or grinding) should be attempted. N B3 28 Radar --- DO NOT to go under a tractor which has radar (slip control models) until the ignition switch has been turned off. --- this presents a hazard to your eyes. T B6 26 Triangle for slow vehicle (SMV ---Slow Moving Vehicle) --- When driving on public roads always use the SMV emblem on the rear end of the tractor. Also use the rotating light where required by law. 29 Hydraulic/fuel pressure --- Oil/fuel under high pressure easily penetrates through clothing and skin and can cause serious injury. Never attempt to locate a leak in the hydraulic system or attempt to close a leak using any part of your body. 30 Implements maintenance --- Implements connected to the linkage or the auxiliary hydraulic system must be lowered to the ground during maintenance. 31 Motor noise --- When you are operating the engine or working near it, use hearing protectors to avoid noise injuries. 32 Naked flames and smoking --- Naked flames, smoking and sparks are prohibited near the fuel system and batteries. (Specially, when charging batteries, explosive gases present). 33 Cleaning --- Keep the tractor clean (cleaning instructions see on page 143). Avoid the risk of fire by throughly cleaning before use! 34 By a fire --- At temperatures in excess of 300˚ C, e.g. if the engine is on fire, the viton seals of the engine (e.g the undermost 0---ring of the oil pressure regulating value) produce very highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid. Do not touch with your bare hands, viton seals which have been subjected to abnormally high temperatures. Always use neoprene rubber or heavy duty gloves and safety glasses when decontaminating. Wash seals and the contaminated area with 10 % calcium hydroxide or other alkali solution. Put all the removed material in sealed plastic bags and deliver them to the point stated by the Authorities concerned. WARNING: Never destroy viton ---seals by burning! M B1 27 Mobile phones --- Mobile phones may cause failure for the electric linkage function. A mobile phone can not be kept inside the cab, especially above the right side panel. When using a mobile phone in the tractor it is recommended that it is connected to the outside antenna. ---9--- B. Safety precautions N B4 35 Auxiliary hydraulics, ON/OFF ---switch --- Pressing the STOP---switch turns out all the functions of the auxiliary hydraulics, not the ON/OFF valves and the linkage. 36 Engine stop and restart --- If the engine has stalled eg. due too heavy loading, turn the ignition switch to the STOP position. Restart the engine according to the starting instructions. Keep an eye on the indicator lights on the instrument panel. 37 Quick couplings --- Clean if necessary the quick couplings and ball joints before the coupling of the implement. DANGER OF IMPLEMENT UNFASTENING! B. Safety precautions ---10--- C. General description C 1. Illustration, VALTRA T151eLS, T61LS, T171LS, T191LS T1 C1 The models dealt with here belong to the Valtra’s medium---weight category of the series. The tractors have a power shuttle unit which operates at the same time as the clutch. The gearbox is fully synchronized (except the creeper gear). These tractors have electro---hydraulically controlled PTO, differential lock and 3---step Powershift. In addition these tractors have hydrostatic steering, electro---hydraulic lift and an engine heater as standard. The standard powered front axle, (as alternative equipment also suspension) is equipped with an automatic differential brake, and as optional equipment an electro hydraulic front axle differential lock operated in conjunction with the rear axle lock. As standard the tractors have a safety cab with an adjustable driver’s seat. A forestry cab is available as alternative equipment with good rearwards and upwards visibility. ---11--- C. General description 4 16 12 10 5 13 11 19 2 9 17 1 18 7 15 14 6 8 3 T1LS C1 Left side of tractor: 1 Dipstick for engine oil 2 Engine oil filler cap 3 Engine oil filter 4 Airfilter housing 5 Coolant pump 6 Draining plug for coolant, cylinder block 7 Engine heater 8 Engine heater plug (not in picture, under the cab door) 9 High pressure pump 10 High pressure accumulator 11 Fuel filler cap 12 Pre heating of induction air, electric 13 Electric feed pump, fuel system 14 Prefilter for the fuel , water trap in lower part 15 Fuel filter 16 Air conditioning compressor, extra equipment 17 Air conditioning receiver, extra equipment 18 Electronic engine control unit 19 Draining plug for coolant fluid 20 20 Engine oil draining plug C. General description ---12--- T1LS C2 4 1 6 5 2 3 T1LS C3 Right side of tractor: 1 Thermostat housing 2 Starter motor 3 Alternator 4 Turbocharger 5 Expansion tank, coolant system 6 Air compressor, extra equipment 8 9 7 T1ch C7 7 Battery 8 Toolbox 9 Common washer fluid reservoir (windscreen and rear window) (under the tool box) ---13--- C. General description 13 15 18 9 8 16 17 12 10 5 5 4 14 4 3 3 19 7 20 1 11 2 6 6 T1LS C5 Rear view of tractor: 1 Oil dipstick, transmission and hydraulics 2 Oil filling cap, transmission and hydraulics 3 Auxiliary hydraulics, quick couplings for the on/off valve 4 Auxiliary hydraulics, quick couplings for the valves 1 and 2 5 Auxiliary hydraulics, quick couplings for the valves 3, 4 and 5, extra equipment 6 Leakage oil reservoirs 7 Auxiliary hydraulic system return coupling, transmission/hydraulic oil filling with the pump 8 Trailer socket 9 Inlet, remote control cables 10 Remote (Emergency) power take off stop 11 Power transmission and hydraulic pressure filter C. General description 12 Breather, transmission and hydraulics 13 ISOBUS implement connector (extra equipment), for more details see page 202. 14 Bleed nipples 15 Quick coupling for output of compressed air, extra equipment 16 Trailer coupling two pipe system; container line (red), extra equipment 17 Trailer coupling two pipe system; brake line (yellow), extra equipment 18 Trailer coupling one pipe system; connector (black), extra equipment 19 Antifreeze container for compressed air system, extra equipment 20 Trailer hydraulic brake connection, extra equipment ---14--- 5 1 4a 4 3 2 T C36 Front view of tractor: 1 DIN---socket for current, max 8A (current on, when the parking lights are on) 2 Auxiliary hydraulics quick couplings (with front linkage, extra equipment) 3 Front power take---off (extra equipment) 4 Front linkage (extra equipment) 4a.External push buttons for front lift (together with front lift), for more details see page 233. 5 Implement control system Isobus (extra equipment), for more details see page 202. C 2. C 3. Engine Service In order to function satisfactorily the tractor must be properly maintained. The necessary daily lubrication and routine checks can, of course, be carried out by the operator. Where adjustments and repairs are necessary which require the attention of a qualified mechanic and the use of special tools, it is advisable to rely on a workshop. In this case we advise you to consult your local dealer as to how your tractor should be looked after as he is in a position to give you the best possible service. Through service bulletins and special training courses he is kept constantly informed of the factory’s recommendations regarding care of the tractor. C 2.1. Cost---free service Before leaving the factory the tractor was thoroughly tested and adjusted to ensure it is in first-class condition when delivered to you. However, it is important that the tractor is given further checks during the first period of operation. Bolts must be checked for tightness, various settings inspected and other minor adjustments made. Your dealer therefore provides a cost---free service inspection (excluding oil and filter costs) after 100 hours running. T1LS C6 All the tractors have 4---stroke, 4---valves, six---cylinder, turbocharged and intercoolered multi power common rail direct injection diesel engines. Two power ranges --- The models T151eLS, T161LS and T171LS have also a larger transport boost power area, when the main gear is H2 or higher. --- On the model T151eLS it is possible to choose either low engine range (maximum 1800 r/min) or standard engine range (maximum 2200 r/min) with the “ECO” switch. On the low engine range the fuel consumption, and the emissions are lower and the noise will be reduced. On the low engine range there are also Transport boost range in use. ---15--- C. General description Three power ranges --- The model T191LS has also a larger transport boost power area, when the main gear is H2 or higher and Powershift boost area, when quick---shift is 2 or 3. The trans boost and Powershift boost power areas are equal. The largest Sigma Power area with all gears is in use, when the power transferred through the power---take--off is large enough. The symbol C 3.1. The electronic engine management includes a controller installed on the engine (EC). is illuminated in the instrument panel. The principle of the turbocharged engine is that exhaust gases from the engine cylinders drive the turbo unit which forces air into the cylinders. This means that higher power output can be obtained with economical fuel consumption. On intercooler models cooled inlet air is fed into the cylinders. The engine induction air passes through the air filter and a safety filter inside the air filter. The air intake system has an effective ejector system, most of the impurities are removed before they reach the filter by the exhaust fume flow. The safety filter prevents the engine being damaged if the main filter fails. These engines have lower fuel consumption and cleaner exhaust gases. C. General description Electronic engine management (EEM) The electronic engine management improves the technical features of the engine such as fuel efficiency, power, torque and cold starting. It also reduces emissions and noise. The cruise control for both driving speed and engine speed is also one of the engine base features. C 3.2. Common rail system engine In the Common Rail tractors the injection pump has been replaced by the high---pressure pump, which pumps the amount of fuel to over 1000 bar pressure, to the high pressure accumulator (rail), common for all cylinders. The high---pressure fuel injects to the cylinders through the electric controlled injectors. The engines have also four valves per cylinder.The Common Rail system makes it possible to develop quiet---running, economic engines featuring, reduced emissions and noise, especially by lower rotating speeds. ---16--- C 4. Power transmission C 4.1. HiTech power shuttle T1LS C7 In tractors with the power shuttle unit the traditional forward/reverse gear lever is replaced with a shuttle lever beside the steering wheel. By moving the shuttle lever forwards or backwards (the middle position is neutral) you get a gentle and light shuttle operation without using the clutch pedal. Use of the clutch pedal for shuttle operation is still possible. The power shuttle is placed between the gearbox and the Powershift. It has planetary---type gear drives which are operated by two wet multi---disc clutches, one for forward driving and one for reverse driving. Multi disc clutches operate at the same time as the driving clutch due to this the tractor not having a traditional dry clutch disc. The function of the system is controlled by the electronic control unit of the gearbox. This means that the electronics smoothly adjust the disengaging and engaging pressures of the hydraulic multi---discs according to program. This provides smooth forward and power shuttle driving. In addition the system has the HiShift--- operation, with switch placed in the gear lever, which controls the operation of the multi---disc when changing gear. So it is possible to change gear without using the clutch. However, traditional use of clutch pedal is still possible. C 4.2. Gearbox The speed gearbox has four synchronized gears which are controlled with a speed gear lever. Additionally semi---automatic range gears, M=Medium range and H= High range, are controlled with the horizontal movement of the speed gear lever. The LL=creeper range is controlled with one lever . There is an EcoSpeed---function available on the tractors (as alternative equipment). The EcoSpeed---function is based on the 50 km/h transmission and the highest ratio with the electric speed limiter (40 km/h). When driving at road speeds the fuel consumption is lower and the noise will be reduced. C 4.3. Powershift In addition in front of the gearbox is a 3---step quick---shift gear, the Powershift. Control of the Powershift function is also controlled by the electronic control unit, at which time the gearing is selected according to the driving conditions. Manual control of the Powershift--- gear is done with the push button on the gear lever or with the push buttons on the right---side arm rest. The driver can choose from the ---17--- C. General description system, preprogrammed/preprogramed automatic functions of Powershift--- for different driving conditions and power shuttle. C 4.6. Power take---off The digital display panel in the tractor keeps the driver informed by displaying the status of different operations, e.g. driving direction, which of the Powershift--- gears is engaged, chosen automatic operations, outdoor temperature, it also shows when the PTO is engaged and indicates any possible error function with a service code. The main gearbox has 12 forward speeds and 12 reverse speeds. The 3---step Powershift gear on tractors give 36 gears forward and 36 reverse gears. Shafts and gearwheels in the gearbox are pressure lubricated. C 4.4. Rear axle The rear axle is fitted directly to the gearbox. The differential lock in the rear axle is electro---hydraulically controlled. When it is engaged, pressurized oil is pumped to the multi---disc differential clutch, and this causes the differential to lock. When the brake pedal is pressed the differential lock is automatically disengaged. An indicator lamp on the instrument panel lights when the differential lock is engaged. Final drives are of the planetary gear type. From the planetary gears power is transmitted to the rear wheels. C 4.5. Powered front axle T C11 The PTO rotating speed is selected with a lever, which can select either 540 r/min or 1000 r/min nominal rotating speed. Engagement and disengagement is electro--hydraulically through a different button. It is also possible as alternative equipment to have a 540E (750) r/min PTO. The control unit of the gearbox also controls the function of the power take---off. This makes the power take---off engagement smooth without loading the implement. The display shows a symbol if the power take---off shaft is rotating. The tractor T191LS is a Sigma Power model, whose principal function is, that the tractor power take---off has been constructed to transfer larger output and torque than the tractor driving transmission. The engine has three different output and torque areas. The power ranges are controlled automatically through an electric system. The power take---off shaft is easy to change. As standard the tractor is provided with a 6---spline shaft and as extra equipment shafts with 21---, 20---, 6--- or 8 splines for greater torque can be fitted on the tractor. As optional equipment a ground speed PTO is also available. T C10 The powered front axle is driven from the gearbox bevel pinion shaft front end. The front power take---off is available as optional equipment (with front linkage). The front PTO shaft nominal rotating speed is 1000 r/min and the shaft is 6---spline. Front wheel drive can be engaged and disengaged electro---hydraulically. When 4WD is engaged the springs force the discs together and four---wheel drive engages. Consequently the 4WD is always engaged when the engine is stopped (multi---disc clutch not pressurized). In addition when braking, the front---wheel drive always engages in order to provide the braking function for the front wheels. The electro hydraulic front axle differential lock operates in conjunction with the rear axle lock, giving better traction for the front wheels even on slippery surfaces. An suspensioned front axle is also available as extra equipment on all models. C. General description ---18--- C 5. Brakes T1LS C8 The oil bath boosted multi---disc brakes are located on the rear axle between the differential and final drives. The brakes operate hydraulically from the brake pedals boosted by the low pressure hydraulic. There is no separate brake fluid in the brake system. The system uses transmission/hydraulics oil. The system is equipped with a pressure accumulator, which makes it possible to brake after the engine has stopped. When braking on the road the friction discs will be cooled with oil spray. When both brake pedals are depressed the front wheel drive is engaged automatically (4WD indicator lamp lights on instrument panel) in order to provide braking function at the front wheels. The pedals can be connected together and used as running brakes or separated and used individually as steering brakes. The brakes can be adjusted by means of adjusting nuts which are fitted on the rear axle. C 6. Steering system The parking brake is electro---hydraulic and is controlled with a shuttle lever. When engaging the parking brake (parking brake and 4WD indicator lamps light on instrument panel), the pressure exhausts from the cylinder operate the parking brake and a strong spring engages the tractor brakes. At the same time the control unit disengages the transmission. With this system the tractor brakes are always on when the engine is not running. An hydraulic--- and air pressure valve is available as extra equipment for the trailer brake operation. T C13 The tractor has a hydrostatic steering system so that ---19--- C. General description steering movement is transmitted from the steering wheel by oil under pressure either to the front axle or to the centre pivot. This makes steering particularly easy. If the oil pressure in the steering system should fail for any reason, steering is still possible by manual power, and the C 7. steering valve will act as a pump. The tractor hydraulic system has a priority valve, which ensures that there is always sufficient oil for the steering system. Hydraulic system T1LS C9 The tractors hydraulic system has both a low pressure circuit and a high pressure circuit. The gear pump of the low pressure circuit controls: --- steering system (prioritized) ---quick---shift gear ---powered front axle, disengaging --- power take---off --- differential lock ---shuttle lever --- parking brake --- moving of the range gear --- trailer brake valve (extra equipment) The high pressure circuit = the displacement pump of the working hydraulic circuit controls: --- linkage hydraulics --- auxiliary hydraulics Due to the LS---system of the displacement pump only the necessary volume of the oil is supplied for the working hydraulics corresponding to the pressure load. The system has also a separate lubricating pump, which supplies oil for: C. General description --- the ejection of the high pressure circuit activating the suction of the displacement pump (if necessary) --- the lubrication of transmission and PTO The max. capacity of the high pressure circuit pump: 115 l/min, at 2200 r/min. The tractor has as standard an electro---hydraulic linkage. The linkage is controlled through the electric potentiometers and switches. Pre---programmed functions: --- draft control/position control combining ratio plus sensitivity on the regulator, the sensitivity adjustment is automatic. --- lowering speed (independent of load) --- transport height --- drive balance control system, connecting of the driving speed can be adjusted --- slip control Max. lifting capacity of the hydraulic lift is 8100 kg. The front linkage is available as extra equipment. ---20--- C 7.1. Valves for auxiliary hydraulics T1LS C10 The tractor has as standard at the rear: --- two electrically controlled adjustable valves --- one electrically controlled on/off valve As extra equipment at the rear: --- three electrically controlled, adjustable valves --- one electrically controlled on/off valve --- trailer brake valve As extra equipment at the front: --- two or three electrically controlled adjustable valves. The tractor can be equipped with frontloader and/or front linkage. Either two valves rear or front are controlled with the joystick on the arm rest, the choice of rear/front will be done with a separate rotating switch. All the adjustable valves are controlled by the CAN---bus, not the ON/OFF valves and the valves for the linkage. All adjustable valves are pressure---compensated and zero---leakage valves. The pre---programming of the valves will be done through the buttons on the right arm rest and the display. There are quick---action Push---Pull type couplings in the rear of the tractor. ---21--- C. General description