10. Processing Of Task Data With Cardwriter - N

Transcript

N-Sensor Page 1 Operation Manual for the N-Sensor N-Sensor (RNS.EXE) Version 3.00 Terminal (FO-200.UPD) Version 3.20 LBS CardWriter Version 3.10 Contact address: YARA GmbH & Co. KG Research Centre for Plant Nutrition, Hanninghof Hanninghof 35 D-48249 Dülmen Germany Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 2 Table of contents 1. PREFACE..................................................................................................................5 1.1. Declaration of conformity...................................................................................................... 6 2. SAFETY.....................................................................................................................7 2.1. General ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2. Contractual use.................................................................................................................... 8 2.3. Conversions and modifications ............................................................................................ 9 2.4. Requirements to the personnel ............................................................................................ 9 2.5. Explanation of safety notes ................................................................................................ 10 2.6. Safety notes to be observed............................................................................................... 11 2.7. Alarm and warning notices in the menu to be observed ..................................................... 13 3. TECHNICAL DATA .................................................................................................17 2.5.1. 2.5.2. Safety notes in the operation manual ............................................................................................................... 10 Alarm and warning notices in the menu............................................................................................................ 10 3.1. System components........................................................................................................... 17 4. SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION .................................................................................19 4.1. Function ............................................................................................................................. 19 4.2. System requirements ......................................................................................................... 19 4.3. Measurement ..................................................................................................................... 20 4.4. Light limit values ................................................................................................................ 21 4.5. Spreader control ................................................................................................................ 22 4.6. Data logging and data transfer ........................................................................................... 23 5. INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................24 5.1. Overview............................................................................................................................ 24 5.2. Installation on the tractor .................................................................................................... 25 6. START-UP...............................................................................................................27 6.1. Software Activation ............................................................................................................ 27 6.2. Radiometric calibration....................................................................................................... 27 7. OPERATION............................................................................................................29 7.1. Operating elements............................................................................................................ 29 3.1.1. 3.1.2. 3.1.3. Included in the scope of supply ......................................................................................................................... 17 Following components are required (not part of the N-Sensor) ...................................................................... 17 Equipment options ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 3 7.2. Work (1) screen ................................................................................................................. 34 7.3. Work (2) screen ................................................................................................................. 36 7.4. System Setup (1) screen.................................................................................................... 37 7.5. System Setup (2) screen.................................................................................................... 40 7.6. Tasks screen...................................................................................................................... 42 7.7. System data screen ........................................................................................................... 44 7.8. Map screen ........................................................................................................................ 48 7.9. Alarms and warnings.......................................................................................................... 50 7.10. Operation modes ............................................................................................................ 55 8. STANDARD PROCEDURE .....................................................................................57 8.1. Switching on....................................................................................................................... 57 8.2. Working procedure on the field .......................................................................................... 58 8.3. Work start .......................................................................................................................... 59 8.4. Agronomic calibration......................................................................................................... 61 8.5. Fertiliser application ........................................................................................................... 66 8.6. Work finish ......................................................................................................................... 66 8.7. Downloading the task files.................................................................................................. 66 9. MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................67 10. PROCESSING OF TASK DATA WITH CARDWRITER ..........................................68 8.4.1. 8.4.2. 8.4.3. Input of agronomic parameters ......................................................................................................................... 61 Calibration at reference plot .............................................................................................................................. 64 Data storage at agronomic calibration .............................................................................................................. 66 10.1. Installation of CardWriter ................................................................................................ 68 10.2. Working with CardWriter................................................................................................. 68 10.3. Downloading task files .................................................................................................... 72 10.4. Further processing of task data using Sensor Office....................................................... 72 10.5. Preparation of the data card with field information .......................................................... 74 10.6. Working with raster files (backed-up maps) .................................................................... 76 10.7. Offset maps .................................................................................................................... 78 11. WORKING WITH RASTER MAPS (SHORT OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS) ........80 11.1. How to work with raster maps produced with Sensor Office ........................................... 80 11.2. How to work with raster maps produced with NPK-Online .............................................. 83 11.1.1. 11.1.2. 11.1.3. 11.1.4. 11.2.1. 11.2.2. 11.2.3. Data conversion with Sensor Office.................................................................................................................. 80 Link the RST-file to the log file with CardWriter................................................................................................ 81 What to do on the N-Sensor Terminal? ............................................................................................................ 82 How to control where you are............................................................................................................................ 82 Data conversion with NPK-Online..................................................................................................................... 83 Link the RST-file to the log file with CardWriter................................................................................................ 84 What to do on the N-Sensor Terminal? ............................................................................................................ 84 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 11.2.4. 11.3. 11.3.1. 11.3.2. 11.3.3. 11.3.4. 11.3.5. Page 4 How to control where you are............................................................................................................................ 85 How to use raster maps as offset maps.......................................................................... 86 Preparation of offset maps in your own GIS..................................................................................................... 86 Data conversion with Sensor Office.................................................................................................................. 86 Link the RST-file to the log file with CardWriter................................................................................................ 87 What to do on the N-Sensor Terminal? ............................................................................................................ 88 How to control where you are............................................................................................................................ 88 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................89 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 5 1. Preface The N-Sensor has the objective to optimise the use of fertiliser and to increase the production. However, Yara cannot guarantee neither a fertiliser optimisation nor a production increase. If the given objectives cannot be obtained, no claims for compensation can be derived from this. We carefully select the materials and components used in the production process of the N-Sensor. Therefore, we cannot accept any liability for any damages to N-Sensors and other objects of legal protection caused by the use of accessories and spare parts not delivered by Yara. Neither can Yara take over any liability for improper use and application of the N-Sensor, for any procedures not described in the installation and adjustment manual or the operation manual. We have a policy of constant product improvement and reserve the right to discontinue or to modify product specifications, models or designs without previous notice. This manual describes the utilisation, handling and the application of the N-Sensor. Apart from the general operation procedures, the agronomic calibration in the field, the work with the N-Sensor as well as the storage of working data, are described in this manual. Thus, this manual is directed to the user. The utilisation of the N-Sensor requires a specialised and proper installation of the N-Sensor on a tractor equipped with fertiliser spreader and spreader controller. A proper and trouble-free operation of the N-Sensor is only possible if the installation was carried through by trained personnel of the distribution partner or the manufacturer. Yara Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 1.1. Page 6 Declaration of conformity CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (According to the EEC guideline 89/392) The company Yara GmbH & Co. KG Hanninghof 35 D-48249 Dülmen Tel: Fax: (0 25 94) 79 80 (0 25 94) 74 55 hereby declares that their N-Sensor systems correspond to the working protection requirements of the EEC guideline 89/392 and to the modifications of this. Due to the lack of a harmonised EEC standard, an independent hazard evaluation was performed, and the standards of the relevant countries were applied. Signed YARA GmbH & Co. KG Date: Jan. 26th, 2001 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 7 2. Safety A proper utilisation and a trouble-free operation are only possible in case of a competent and specialised installation. A faulty installation, or an installation not corresponding to this manual, any system modifications, as well as the use of accessories and spare parts not delivered by Yara, can lead to malfunctions and cause damages to the N-Sensor as well as personal and property damage; Yara does not take over any liability for these damages. Work very careful in the proximity of watercourses, ponds, drainage channels, buildings, gardens or sensible economically used plants. Consider the wind speed and the wind direction as well as the possible windward drift. Never stop a completely or partially loaded machine in the proximity of a water course. Agrochemicals must be stored in a safe building. The N-Sensor system is certified according to ISO 14982-2 for agricultural machines. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 2.1. Page 8 General The concept N-Sensor is only valid for the components installed by Yara GmbH & Co. KG according to the scope of supply described in the section 3 (Technical Data). For any components or parts necessary for the operation of the N-Sensor installed by the operator or by other manufacturers, the operator must have perform the measures necessary for safety. The N-Sensor is designed to the state of the art, according to the valid regulations and to rules of technology. Nevertheless, there are dangers to persons and properties, which can be caused by the N-Sensor, if: • if is not applied as to the intended use, • if it is used by untrained staff • if it is not maintained regularly according to the maintenance instructions • if it is improperly modified or reconstructed • if the safety notes are not observed. Thus, any person responsible for the operation, must read and observe the safety regulations. This has to be assured by the operator of the N-Sensor for every single case. Furthermore, the operator must assure that all safety regulations for add-on parts or peripheral parts, which do not belong to the N-Sensor, are known to the persons responsible for the operation. Furthermore, the following is valid: 2.2. • Relevant safety regulations • Generally known rules for work safety. Contractual use The N-Sensor system, described in the present manual, exclusively serves for the regulation of the spreader, or the field sprayer with controller, respectively, for the variable dispersion of nitrogen fertiliser. All components must only be used within the intended purpose for the N-Sensor. Any other use is regarded as not contractual. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 2.3. Page 9 Conversions and modifications Arbitrary modifications at the N-Sensor are not allowed due to safety reasons. A non-observance of this results in a loss of any warranty claims and may lead to unpredictable dangers for persons or properties. Furthermore, with any arbitrary modifications of or complements to the N-Sensor, the CE declaration of conformity becomes invalid. In case of repair procedures, only original parts of the manufacturer may be used for the exchange of constructive parts and wear parts. 2.4. Requirements to the personnel The operation of the N-Sensor can be carried through by trained and instructed staff of the operator. The repair of the N-Sensor is carried through by authorised staff from Yara and its contracting partners. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 2.5. Page 10 Explanation of safety notes 2.5.1. Safety notes in the operation manual DANGER Passages marked with this sign point to possible personal hazards. CAUTION Passages marked with this sign point to a possible hazard to the N-Sensor or to parts of the N-Sensor. 2.5.2. Alarm and warning notices in the menu ALARM A malfunction has occurred and is displayed. It is not possible to proceed the work, or only with uniform application rate. 355-e-013 WARNING A malfunction has occurred and is displayed. Work can be proceeded. 355-e-022 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 2.6. Page 11 Safety notes to be observed In the following you will find a list of safety notes to be observed for the operation of the N-Sensor. DANGER Caution when passing below bridges and trees, danger of damages. CAUTION Accordingly trained staff of Yara and its contracting partners should only perform the installation described here. CAUTION The tractor roof mounting set is only designed for mounting the system to the tractors specified in section 3 (Technical Data). Mounting to other tractors will be at your own risk. CAUTION The fixing of the system to the roof of the driver’s cabin must be performed exactly according to the instructions of this manual. In case of faulty installation, or in case of using spare parts or accessories, which are not a part of the system, Yara cannot take over any liabilities for any arising damages. CAUTION Accordingly trained staff of Yara and its contracting partners should only perform the initial start-up. CAUTION Perform software updates only on explicit order and under instruction of your contracting partner for the N-Sensor. CAUTION Before starting the fertilisation with the N-Sensor, agronomic Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 12 calibration must have been carried through. CAUTION Accordingly trained personnel of the contracting partner or of the manufacturer must only perform the radiometric calibration. The utilities used for this must be acquired from the manufacturer or from the contracting partner. CAUTION For radiometric calibration, the sun must be at an angle of min. 30° above the horizon. CAUTION During calibration, do never enter an estimated value or an average value for the entire field, if the calibration was performed on a very small surface or only on a point. This could lead to a variable nitrogen fertilisation on a wrong nitrogen level. CAUTION For data storage, only data cards recommended by the manufacturer of the N-Sensor should be used. These have an extended temperature range. Yara does not take over any responsibilities for data loss. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 2.7. Page 13 Alarm and warning notices in the menu to be observed In the following you will find a list of alarm and warning notes to be observed for the operation of the N-Sensor. ALARM The overall light intensity is too low for the N-Sensor operation. The system changes over to a uniform application rate. 355-e-013 ALARM The light intensity of at least one sensor is too high for the NSensor operation. The system changes over to a uniform application rate. This alarm should not occur under normal conditions of operation. 355-e-020 ALARM Alarm is displayed if one spectrometer (either reflectance or irradiance) does not receive any signal. Typically, the visors are down or the irradiance sensor is covered. Could also indicate that a light fibre is broken. 355-e-020-b Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 (If the overall light level is too low, the “not enough light” alarm will be displayed instead.) Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 14 ALARM The system changed over to uniform application rate due to a hardware failure. Contact your Yara contracting partner. 355-e-021 WARNING The solar elevation is too low for N-Sensor operation. The system still works but accuracy decreases. 355-e-022 WARNING This warning only appears if the selected spreader controller expects a feedback about the actually applied product quantity (bi-directional serial connection). 355-e-019-a WARNING Appears if a growth stage and a crop type is entered where it makes no sense to apply fertiliser with the N-Sensor: Work can be proceeded. 355-e-019-b Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 15 WARNING This warning appears after the termination of the calibration in the reference plot, if the Biomass Cutoff under AgroCal is greater than the average sensor value S2 (biomass indicator) in the reference plot. 355-e-023 WARNING Remark will be shown if the protein quality calibration is selected (only cereals EC 59...69), because this is significantly different to the “usual” calibration. Work can be proceeded. 355-e-023a ALARM Possible causes: The N-Sensor does not work (software or hardware failure). The plug-in connection between terminal and N-Sensor is interrupted, or the contacts are dirty. 355-e-024 ALARM Causes: The N-Sensor is still booting (takes approx. max. 20 seconds) The N-Sensor does not work (interruption of power supply, software or hardware failure). The plug-in connection between terminal and the N-Sensor is interrupted or the contacts are dirty. 355-e-025 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 16 Three beeps GPS signal loss It is possible that the tractor is in an area with weak signal intensity. However, malfunctions of the DGPS system, or a satellite malfunction, are also possible. Two beeps indicate that the signal is recognised once again. WARNING The cause for this warning may be one of the following malfunctions: 355-e-026 • No data card in terminal. Insert a data card. • No task selected. Select a task (see section 8.3 (Work start)) • The data card, or the used data file, is full. Check the content of the data card with a computer. If necessary, insert an empty card and select a new task. WARNING This warning appears if the N-Sensor starts a job, but the logfile on the data card, which is linked to the job, is missing. Setuo Popup WARNING In the System Setup menu, many settings are essential for the proper use of the N-Sensor. Modification might lead to malfunctions of the whole system. Warning (S) data loggingdisabled Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 17 3. Technical Data Minimum solar elevation 25° Power supply 12 V DC negative pole to mass (electrical installation of tractor) GPS Data format: NMEA-0183 Message category: GGA 4800,8,N,1 or GGA 9600,8,N,1 Temperature limit values Operating temperature: 0 to +50°C Storage temperature: -30 to +50°C Visual geometry Typical swath width: 14 to 18 m on standard driver’s cabin of tractor Measuring frequency 1 to 4 seconds according to light conditions 3.1. System components 3.1.1. Included in the scope of supply Sensor box with connection cable Mounting set for tractor roof (optional) Tractor cable harness Terminal with connection cable Yara data card CardWriter software 3.1.2. Following components are required (not part of the N-Sensor) Fertiliser Spreader or field sprayer and controller, respectively, for variable application (D)GPS receiver (optional) PC with PCMCIA drive for data cards of the ATA Flash type (optional) Internet access (optional) 3.1.3. Equipment options The N-Sensor system is conceived for the application with following machines: Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 18 Tractors The fixing support for the sensor box of the N-Sensor system is designed for mounting of the driver’s cabin of following tractor types: Case CS 78, 86, 94, 110, 120, 130, 150 Case MX 110, 120, 135, 150, 170 * Deutz Fahr Agrotron 80, 85, 90, 100, 105, 106, 110, 120, 135, 150, 160, 175, 200, 230, 260 Fendt 380 GTA Turbo Fendt Farmer 250S, 260S, 280S, 307S, 308S, 309S * Fendt Farmer Vario 409, 410, 411, 711, 712, 714, 716, 916, 920, 924, 926 Fendt Favorit 916, 920, 924, 926 Fendt XYLON 520, 522, 524 John Deere New Holland 6510, 6610, 6810, 6910, 7610, 7710, 7810 M100, M115, M135, M160, 8160, 8260, 8360, 8560, G170, G190, G210, G240, 8670, 8770, 8870, 8970 * Special adapters necessary (available as spare parts) Controller for spreader application rate The exact specifications can be asked for at the Yara contracting party. Generally, the N-Sensor can be used with following controllers: Bøgballe Calibrator 2002, 2003 Dickey John Land Manager Kverneland Ferticontrol RS-EDW LH Agro LH5000, LH6000, Rauch Quantron L, Quantron P Massey Fergusson Fieldstar (serial connection) Micotron UniSat C3 Müller UniControl Raven Industries Raven 660, 661 ... and others GPS receivers The system can be operated with GPS and DGPS receivers. The system can also be operated without GPS/DGPS receiver, however, not all system functions are available in this case. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 19 4. System Documentation 4.1. Function The N-Sensor system serves for the site-specific determination of the nitrogen requirements of agricultural cultivated plants, and for the simultaneous automatic control of a spreader (using a spreader controller) with the objective of optimising the application of fertilisers in a site-specific way. If desired, the system stores the working data, so that an application map can be created after the fertilisation. 4.2. System requirements The N-Sensor can generally be used as an independent measuring system for the determination of the site-specific nitrogen requirements of cultivated plants. For the site-specific fertilisation with the N-Sensor, a spreader with corresponding spreader controller is necessary, too. The spreader as well as the spreader controller is not a part of the N-Sensor. Please contact your N-Sensor contracting partner with respect to the requirements of the spreader and the spreader controller. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 4.3. Page 20 Measurement 355-e-004 At the left and at the right border of the sensor unit mounted on the tractor’s roof, four sensors obliquely directed downwards are mounted, capturing the ambient light reflected by the plants on both sides of the tractor. The current chlorophyll content and the biomass of the crop is determined from the spectral analysis of the light; the optimal nitrogen amount to be applied is derived from this measurement. The ambient light sensor provides a signal, which is used for the compensation of light intensity variations. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 4.4. Page 21 Light limit values 355-e-003 The system is conceived for an application in case of a solar elevation of at least 25° above the horizon, and for light conditions within the limiting values. In case of a solar elevation of less than 25° the system is operating, but with decreasing accuracy; a warning note will be displayed on the terminal. For the radiometric calibration, a solar elevation of at least 30° must be given. In case of lacking light intensity, a warning is displayed on the terminal. In this case, the system continues to work with a uniform application rate. 355-e-013 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 4.5. Page 22 Spreader control 355-e-002 The application rate calculated by the sensor unit is transferred to the spreader controller in the driver’s cabin. In order to take into account the distance between the sensors and the spreader, and the tractor’s speed, a time delay can be adjusted. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 4.6. Page 23 Data logging and data transfer CAUTION For data storage, only data cards recommended by the manufacturer of the N-Sensor should be used. These have an extended temperature range. Yara does not take over any responsibilities for data loss. A task number can be assigned to each working unit (e.g. a fertilised field). The working data for this task will be stored on a Yara data card inserted into the card slot at the terminal. The data of up to 32 tasks can be stored on a single card. After the end of the work, the data can be downloaded from the card into a computer for further processing or for archiving. If a GPS or DGPS receiver is integrated into the system, it is possible to create a nitrogen application map with the data of the task. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 24 5. Installation CAUTION Accordingly trained staff of Yara and its contracting partners should only perform the installation described here. 5.1. Overview 355-e-005 1 Sensor box 2 Bracket 3 Application rate controller 4 Bulkhead connector 5 Power supply cable 6 Cable to tractor’s starter switch Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 7 8 9 10 11 Tractor cable harness Terminal Swivel bracket GPS receiver Tie rod and turnbuckle Operation Manual N-Sensor 5.2. Page 25 Installation on the tractor CAUTION The tractor roof mounting set is only designed for mounting the system to the tractors specified in section 3 (Technical Data). Mounting to other tractors will be at your own risk. 355-e-005 1. Fix two brackets (2) to the tractor roof and secure them with the clamps and nuts. The threads must be greased. 2. Fix the tie rod and turnbuckle (11) to the brackets and tension them with the tensioning screw. 3. Fix the sensor box (1) to the brackets; set the groove at the bottom of the box onto the nuts. Tighten the nuts. CAUTION The fixing of the system to the roof of the driver’s cabin must be performed exactly according to the instructions of this manual. In case of faulty installation, or in case of using spare parts or accessories, which are not a part of the system, Yara cannot take over any liabilities for any arising damages. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 26 355-e-005 Installation of tractor cable harness Install the tractor cable harness (7) in the driver’s cabin. Installation of the terminal Install the terminal (8) in the driver’s cabin; i.e. fix it, preferably with the provided swivel bracket (9), to a windshield column. Realisation of connections Realise the required connections, see figure. The connection to the starter switch of the tractor should be effected in a way that the system is supplied with current when the ignition is turned on. Preferably the system is plugged into a free COBO-socket inside the tractors cabin. CAUTION The N-Sensor must be switched on and off with the ignition of the tractor, with the switch on the cable harness or with a special switch provided by Yara or its N-Sensor service partners. If in doubt, please contact your N-Sensor service partner. If the power supply in not installed properly, the N-Sensor might lose internal system data while shutting down after use. This can lead to a breakdown of the N-Sensor system. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 27 6. Start-Up Before the first use of the N-Sensor, an initial start-up has to be carried out. The initial start-up comprises of a Software Activation and a Radiometric Calibration. CAUTION Accordingly trained staff of Yara and its contracting partners should only perform the initial start-up. 6.1. Software Activation Before using software version 2.xx the first time, an 8-digit software release code must be entered once. Codes are available at Yara. Without the code, the system cannot be activated. If a wrong code is entered, the N-Sensor will shut down and the screen will display “Data connection to job computer lost”. To enter the code again, the system must be switched off and on. 355-e-006b This release code relates to the software version number and the serial number of the N-Sensor. It must not be mixed up with the license code entered in the System Setup (2) menu. 6.2. Radiometric calibration CAUTION Accordingly trained personnel of the contracting partner or of the manufacturer must only perform the radiometric calibration. The utilities used for this must be acquired from the manufacturer or from the contracting partner. Note: Typically, the radiometric calibration is only necessary during the initial start-up. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 28 Perform this measure subsequently after the installation of the system, or after replacing one of the following components: • Sensor optics • Optical cables or plugs • Sensor processing unit in the sensor box CAUTION For radiometric calibration, the sun must be at an angle of min. 30° above the horizon. The calibration is not affected by a partially or entirely clouded sky. Set up and calibrate the system according to the section 7 (Operation). Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 29 7. Operation 7.1. Operating elements Overview 355-e-001 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 30 Main menu 355-e-001-a Select the desired option in the main menu by pressing the corresponding button. Following options are available: Work Display of the Work screen for fertiliser application (see also section 7 (Operation)). Setup Opens the System Setup screen, where the initial adjustments and the calibration are performed. described in the installation and adjustment manual. Task Assignment of a task number, used for data logging, before work start (see section 7.10 (Operation modes)). System Opens the screen System Data, which contains indications on the terminal adjustments (e.g. language, buzzer and DGPS coordinates). Map Opens the screen Terminal Field Map. The field map is only available if a raster map with field boundary has been stored to the data card in advance. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 31 Submenu 355-e-001-a Select the desired option in the submenu by pressing the corresponding button. The options displayed depend on the selection of options in the main menu. Keys 355-e-001-b Alphanumeric key pad Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 For data input. Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 32 ESC key Enter key Press ESC in order to undo an entry error or in order to return to the previous screen. Storage of settings or selected values. Keys (continued) 355-e-001-c Not used in this application. Arrow keys Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Cursor movement Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 33 100% max key START/STOP key Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Resets the application rate to 100%, after the options -10% and +10% have been selected. Starts and stops the fertiliser application and the data logging during work. Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.2. Page 34 Work (1) screen The actual N-Sensor fertilisation is performed in the screen Work. CAUTION Before starting the fertilisation with the N-Sensor, agronomic calibration must have been carried through. Press the key Work in order to open the screen Work 1: 2 1 3 8 4 8 9 9 10 10 5 6 7 1 GPS symbol All symbols Shows symbol only if no GPS/DGPS. 2 Current application rate 3 Operating mode options 4 Options +10% and -10% These options allow to increase or decrease the rate calculated by the N-Sensor by the corresponding percentual change. 5 Next page Go to next page and find screen Work 2. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 35 6 Symbol STOP/Work Shows whether the system works or has been stopped. System works System stopped (Symbol flashes) When the license period has expired, a padlock symbol is displayed. 7 Display of the selected manual adjustment Displays the ratio of the selected application rate to the application rate calculated by the system. Example: If the system calculates a rate of 50 kg/ha N, and +10% is pressed, the system applies 55 kg/ha N, and the display shows 110%. 8 Light condition Shows whether the light conditions are sufficient to work in the ‘Sensor’-mode. If conditions are sufficient, no symbol is visible. Low solar elevation Solar elevation below 25° - decreased accuracy Insufficient light Light amount insufficient for work. See section 7.9 (Alarms and warnings). 9 Low crop Signalises a low crop density below the biomass cutoff value. Simultaneously, the recommended N rate is decreased. In extreme cases, the recommended rate is decreased down to the adjusted Minimum Application Rate. 10 Raster map Is displayed if the active task is linked to a raster card, and if the GPS position is within the defined area. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.3. Page 36 Work (2) screen There are 4 markers, which can be switched on and off individually and independently from each other by pressing the corresponding key on the terminal. Marker information is written to the N-Sensor data file. Marked areas can later be displayed on the maps generated with Sensor Office. The user can assign individual field properties to the markers, like wet areas, problem zones or disease occurrence. If the markers are used accordingly when fertilizing the field, this information may add additional value to the N-Sensor maps afterwards. 1 2 355-e-007 Previous page Select ‘Previous page’ to go back to Work 1. 1 Set Marker Set Mark 1, 2, 3 or 4 to set a marker to your field data. You can set up to 4 markers simultaneously. In your log-file, data will be marked with this marker information until the marker is disabled. 2 Marker enabled Indicates that a marker is enabled. No symbol is displayed, if marker is disabled. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.4. Page 37 System Setup (1) screen Select Setup in the main menu. The mask Agronomic calibration appears. The agronomic calibration will be explained in section 8.4.1 (Input of agronomic parameters). 355-e-014a Status Gives information on software version, sensor serial number, operating hours of N-Sensor and N-Sensor with spreader operation, integration time (Tint), intensity of reflected light (Refl), intensity of global radiation (Global), sensor values S1, S2, date and UTC time. 355-e-011c Back Back to Agronomic Calibration Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 38 System Setup 355-e-011a Back Back to Agronomic Calibration. Type +/Type – Adjustment of controller type. Press repeatedly on the keys Type + or Type -, until the correct controller type is displayed. Units Selection of the unit of measurement, either metric or English. Next page This function leads to the screen System Setup (2) On the System Setup (1) page the following parameters are described: Latitude and longitude The approximate geographical latitude and longitude must be entered. This information is necessary for calculating the solar elevation. If a GPS or DGPS is connected to the N-Sensor terminal, these values will be updates automatically by the current position data. Move the cursor to the entry Latitude with the arrow down key and enter the value. Note: If a GPS is installed, the degrees of latitude and longitude will be displayed in the System Data screen and can be taken from there. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 39 Normal Speed Enter the normal working speed in the line Normal Speed. Signal delay You can calculate this time delay as follows: A = Distance between sensor box and the centre of fertiliser application. The centre of fertiliser application depends on the working width of the spreader – see manufacturer’s notes. B = normal (tractor) speed (m/s) C = Time constant of the spreader (s) - see manufacturer’s notes X= A B - C – 0.5* (s) * 0.5 s is half of the data logging time of the N-Sensor system. More information about the signal delay can be found in the Appendix. Working width Enter the working width in (m). Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.5. Page 40 System Setup (2) screen Select Next Page to on the screen System Setup (1) to switch to the screen System Setup (2) 355-e-011b Previous page Select ‘Previous page’ to go back to screen System Setup (1). License details Check the license date. If there is no valid licence on the system (padlock is displayed on work screen), select License from the submenu. The screen displays: 355-e-012 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 41 Enter the license code and press the enter key in order to return to the System Setup screen. The license code is available from your Yara contracting partner. Operation Mode Change of operation mode. So far, only N-Application is available. Zero Rate Send zero rate: (yes/no) Determines what happens when the system is stopped through the START/STOP-key: If yes, a zero rate (0 kg/ha) is sent to the controller, then the communication is stopped. The spreader controller closes the spreader. However, some spreader controllers produce errors when they receive a zero rate. If no, the communication is stopped immediately. The spreader controller remains on the last rate that has been sent. Appl. Mode Different application modes can be used with the N-Sensor. Sensor (default): N-recommendation due to N-Sensor measurement. Sensor with offset map: N-recommendation due to N-Sensor measurement combined with offset map (if enable), which adds or subtracts N-rates due to the offset map. Sensor with overlay map: either N-Sensor or background map. If a map is enabled the sensor will apply fertilizer due to the map, if the raster cell contains an N-rate. If the raster cell of the cell does not contain any value, the N-Sensor will apply due to N-Sensor measurement. Application map: (Nitrogen) Application due to enabled map, not due to N-Sensor measurement. The cell contents are interpreted as kg/ha nitrogen. These rates will be divided by the percentage of N in fertiliser given in the agronomic calibration. Application map: (Product) Application due to enabled map, not due to N-Sensor measurement. The cell contents are interpreted as kg/ha product. This is particularly useful if anything else than nitrogen is spread. These rates are sent to the controller as they are. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.6. Page 42 Tasks screen Check that a data card is inserted into the terminal of the NSensor. Select Tasks in the main menu. The screen displays: 355-e-018 Set the cursor, using the arrow keys Left and Right, onto the desired task number (tasks 9 to 16 can be reached by changing from task 8 to the right, to block 2 task 1) and press Start task. The data of up to 32 tasks can be stored on the data card. The indication Task State informs you whether the selected task was already used before. The pencil in the lower right corner indicates the amount of free storage capacity. The pencil fills with black colour if data is being stored in a task. By means of the cursor keys Up and Down it is possible to access to the individual selection fields. The field currently to be spread can be selected from the fields given in CardWriter (see section 10.5 (Preparation of the data card with field information)). At the bottom of the Tasks screen specific information of this tasks is provided. Start task Press Start task to activate the selected task. From now on data will be stored on the data card. The display automatically changes over to the Work menu. Selecting Tasks in the main menu again, the Start taskcommand will be replaced by the Break task and Finish taskcommand. With these commands, data logging can be interrupted or completed, respectively. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 43 Grid On The raster map can be switched on and off with the function Grid ON. The current status is marked with ON or OFF. If Grid ON is selected, the N-Sensor is reading the application rate directly from the raster file. If Grid ON is selected, the command Balk ON or Balk Off appears. Balk ON/OFF defines whether the rate 0 or the amount defined under Setpoint is interpreted as application rate. If Grid OFF is selected, the Balk key automatically disappears. For more details about raster files see also section 10.6 (Working with raster files (backed-up maps)). Balk On Only available if Grid On is enabled. The current status is marked with Border ON or Border OFF. The Balk selection determines how much is applied if the NSensor is located outside the field boundaries defined in the raster map. If Balk ON is selected, the system will read the rate specified in Setpoint on the N-Sensor terminal. If Balk OFF is selected, the N-Sensor outside the field boundary will read the value 0 kg/ha. If a raster file is used as Offset Map, it is strongly recommended to set Balk On. Using this option, sensor readings will not be influenced if the vehicle is located outside the field boundary. For details see also section 10.7 (Offset maps). Erase Data Select Erase Data to delete all data stored in the selected task. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.7. Page 44 System data screen Select System in the main menu: 355-e-007 Tractor signals Select Tractor Signals in the submenu: 355-e-008 If the N-Sensor is connected to the signal socket located on the tractor, the tractor parameters drive pulses, working width, speed, power take-off shaft pulses, and power take-off shaft speed can be queried in the submenu Tractor Signals. In order to obtain the correct driving speed (Speed [km/h]), the distance counter (drive pulses/100 m) must be calibrated. In order to calibrate the value for drive pulses/100m, it is necessary to press the key Start 100m, drive a distance of exactly 100 m with the tractor, and subsequently press the key Stop 100m. The current driving speed is then written onto the data card as additional information. Adjustment of time and date Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 45 Select Time/Date in the submenu: 355-e-007 The screen displays the same image as under System Data, however, date and time can be edited. Enter the date and the time, the cursor automatically moves to the next entry. If you make a mistake, place the cursor into the desired position using the cursor menu or the arrow keys, and enter the correct values. If you performed the correct setting, press Input End or the Enter key in order to store the entry. Select the language Select language in the submenu. The screen displays the screen Language Selection with the options available within this. Currently German, English, French and Czech are available. >deutsch english francais cestina Move the cursor to the desired option with the arrow keys Up and Down. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 46 Press the Enter key in order to store the settings and in order to return to the screen System Data. DGPS ON/OFF Select DGPS ON/OFF in the submenu In the submenu DGPS ON/OFF, the user can select whether he wants to admit only DGPS signals (DGPS=ON) or DGPS as well as GPS reception (DGPS=OFF). Note: If DGPS is set to ON, no positions are being recorded if the DGPS cannot receive and only GPS can be received instead. If the DGPS is set to OFF, DGPS signals are received for DGPS reception and GPS signals are received for DGPS nonreception, provided that the GPS signal can be properly received. Beep ON/OFF Select Beep ON/OFF in the submenu. Enables/disables the sound for error messages. Further submenus Select arrow key in the submenu. This function leads to the second part of the system data submenu: 355-e-009 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 47 Data Mode The Data Mode option generally determines under which conditions the task area and time counter are being incremented and data is being logged. This setting does not have any influence on the N-Sensor operation and data storage at all and can be neglected. It is recommended to use mode 6 in order to count hectares and working hours of the N-Sensor and in order to log data only if the N-application is started by pressing the Start-/Stop-button. LBS-Monitor Information for service purposes Memory intern Information for service purposes Error notes Information for service purposes Download Downloading new N-Sensor software: 355-e-010 With field-operator 200 a software update for the N-Sensor terminal can be performed. With Job-Computer: Hydro-N, a software update for the NSensor can be performed. CAUTION Perform software updates only on explicit order and under instruction of your contracting partner for the N-Sensor. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.8. Page 48 Map screen Select Map in the main menu. The Map screen is implemented as help while working with digital maps on the N-Sensor. The user can set up to 3 positions in the field in order to navigate back to these positions later. E.g. if the driver has to interrupt the fertiliser application in order to refill his spreader, he can set a position marker and navigate back to this position later. It is not required to work with a digital map to set positions. The only restriction is that a task must be is activated. A map will only be displayed if a raster file with field boundary is available on the data card and linked to the active task. The 3 position markers are only for in-field navigation and must not be mixed up with the 4 N-Sensor markers, which will be logged with the data file. The set positions will be stored as long as they will be overwritten by new positions. 2 3 1 4 10 9 5 8 6 7 355-e-018 1 Current row and column in grid cell 2 Current grid cell value 3 Navigation window Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Shows row and column of current position. Displays application rate of current cell. Shows the number of position marker to be navigated to, the distance between actual vehicle position and this position marker and direction to drive. Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 49 4 Set up of position markers Define up to 3 position markers in the field to navigate to these positions later. The system will store the actual GPS-position of the vehicle. 5 Navigate to position markers Navigate back to the selected position marker. The distance between actual position of the tractor and the position marker will be displayed in the Window Position frame. 6 Navigate to field Navigate to middle of the field (only possible, if raster file is linked to the active task). 7 Window position Pressing the Window Positioning button respectively will move the Navigation Window to different positions on the screen or disable it at all. 8 Field boundary Boundary of defined field. 9 Position markers 10 Current vehicle position Current marker positions. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Current vehicle position in the field. Operation Manual N-Sensor 7.9. Page 50 Alarms and warnings Not enough light ALARM The overall light intensity is too low for the N-Sensor operation. The system changes over to uniform application rate. The reasons for this alarm could be the following: One or more sensors are covered; check whether the covers are flapped upwards and whether the sensors are free from dirt. 355-e-013 The ambient light level is too low to N-Sensor operation. One or more optical cables are broken or separated. Contact your Yara contracting partner. Too much light ALARM The overall light intensity is too high for the N-Sensor operation. The system changes over to uniform application rate. This alarm should not occur under normal conditions of operation. If this alarm is displayed, a malfunction of the system optics can be supposed as cause. Contact your Yara contracting partner. 355-e-020 No Light detected ALARM Alarm is displayed if one spectrometer (either reflectance or irradiance) does not receive any signal. Typically, the covers are down or the irradiance sensor is covered. Could also indicate that a light fibre is broken. (If the overall light level is too low, the “not enough light” alarm will be displayed instead.) 355-e-020 Hardware malfunctions Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 51 ALARM The system changed over to uniform application rate due to a hardware failure. Contact your Yara contracting partner. 355-e-021 Solar elevation below limit WARNING The solar elevation is too low for N-Sensor operation. The system still works but accuracy decreases. 355-e-022 No connection to the spreader controller WARNING This warning appears if the N-Sensor is unable to establish a connection to the spreader controller or if the connection is lost. This warning may have following causes: A wrong spreader controller is set. Set the right controller. The cable connection to the spreader is interrupted; check the connection. 355-e-019-a Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 The spreader controller is not set up properly. Check with the controller’s manual. Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 52 Biomass value too low WARNING This warning appears after the termination of the calibration in the reference plot, if the Biomass Cutoff under AgroCal is greater than the average sensor value S2 (biomass indicator) in the reference plot. 355-e-023 Application with N-Sensor not recommended at this growth stage WARNING Appears if a growth stage and a crop type is entered where it makes no sense to apply fertiliser with the N-Sensor: Work can be proceeded. 355-e-019-b Protein quality calibration WARNING Remark will be shown if the protein quality calibration is selected (only cereals EC 59...69), because this is significantly different to the “usual” calibration. Work can be proceeded. 355-e-023a Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 53 Data connection to job computer lost ALARM Possible causes: The N-Sensor does not work (software or hardware failure). The plug-in connection between terminal and N-Sensor is interrupted, or the contacts are dirty. 355-e-024 The working screen “LBS-JOB” appears in Work ALARM Causes: The N-Sensor is still booting (takes approx. 20 seconds) The N-Sensor does not work (interruption of power supply, software or hardware failure). The plug-in connection between terminal and N-Sensor is interrupted or the connection is dirty. 355-e-025 Three beeps: GPS signal loss WARNING It is possible that the tractor is in an area with weak signal intensity. However, malfunctions of the GPS system, or a satellite malfunction, are also possible. Two beeps show that the signal is recognised once again. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 54 No data logging possible WARNING The cause for this warning may be one of the following malfunctions: 355-e-026 • No data card in terminal. Insert a data card. • No task selected. Select a task (see section 8.3 (Work start)) • The data card, or the used data file, is full. Check the content of the data card with a computer. If necessary, insert an empty card and select a new task. Note: In order to avoid the logging of too many data, stop data logging when the tractor is stopped. WARNING This warning appears if the N-Sensor starts a job, but the logfile on the data card, which is linked to the job, is missing. Setuo Popup WARNING In the System Setup menu, many settings are essential for the proper use of the N-Sensor. Modification might lead to malfunctions of the whole system. Warning (S) data loggingdisabled Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 55 7.10. Operation modes Following modes of operation are available in the submenu: Sensor Use of the application rate calculated by the N-Sensor (sensor control). If a grid map is available and enabled by the Grid ONcommand in the Tasks-menu and the vehicle is located inside that area, the current cell content is added to the sensor recommendation and the standard rate specified in the task is subtracted. As a result, the application rate is calculated as Sensor recommendation + grid cell content - standard rate The subtraction of the standard rate is required because application maps cannot contain negative values. Appl. map Product application according to previously prepared card. In this operating mode, the system transfers the application rates directly from the card to the spreader controller without using the measured values of the sensor. On the System Setup (2) screen under Appl. Map it is possible to define whether the application rates are interpreted as amount of nitrogen or as amount of product, respectively. Raster card Is displayed if the active task is linked to a raster card, and if the GPS position is within the defined raster. Uniform Application of a uniform application rate, which must be previously set in AgroCal below Uniform Rate. On the screen, the given value of Uniform Rate is displayed. In order to return to the sensor control after the use of other modes of operation: Press Sensor. Minimum Application of a minimum application rate, which must be previously set in AgroCal below Minimum Rate. This mode of operation serves for a spontaneous switch-over to a low N quantity, on parts of the field where N-Sensor recommendation is not desired (dry spots, proximity to waters etc.). Options +10% and -10% These options increases or decreases the application rate calculated by the system in steps of 10%. (If you have chosen one of these options and if you want to return to the application rate Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 56 calculated by the system, press the 100% max key). Interruptions and pauses If the application is to be interrupted, for example in order to fill up the spreader, press the key STOP/START and turn off the tractor. This interrupts the data logging, thus saving storage space. In order to proceed with the application and the data logging, press the STOP/START key once again. Alarms Check the alarm displays in the Work screen and perform the necessary working steps. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 57 8. Standard procedure In this section the standard procedure of N-Sensor operation in the field is described. 8.1. Switching on Note: 12 V DC of the tractor supplies the system. It is switched on with the tractor ignition or by a separately mounted switch. Switching on Flap open the covers on both sides of the sensor box and remove the cap from the ambient light sensor. Switch on the ignition or the separate switch until the screen Work appears on the terminal display (this lasts about 20 seconds): 355-e-006 Set up the system and do the agronomic calibration as described in the following sections. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 8.2. Page 58 Working procedure on the field DANGER Caution when passing below bridges and trees, danger of damages. 1 Collecting the necessary information Note down all information on the respective cultivated plant and the product, required for calibration and for the work. 2 Spreader preparation Drive onto the field and fill up the spreader. Perform the required calibration and the adjustments of the spreader and of the spreader controller according to the instructions of the manufacturer. 3 Performing the agronomic calibration Select Setup and perform the agronomic calibration (see section 8.4 (Agronomic calibration)) 4 Fertilising the field Apply the fertiliser on the field. Use the working modes on the screen Work. 5 Go to the next field If any further fields have to be fertilised, repeat steps 3 and 4 for each field. 6 Downloading working data After work finish, load the data from the data card into a computer (see section 10 (Processing of Task Data with CardWriter). Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 8.3. Page 59 Work start 1. Check that a data card is inserted into the terminal of the NSensor; subsequently press the key Task. The screen displays: 355-e-018 The data of up to 32 tasks can be stored on the data card. The indication task state informs you whether the selected task was already used before. The pencil in the lower right corner indicates the amount of free storage capacity. The pencil fills with black colour successively when the file fills with data. By means of the cursor keys Up and Down it is possible to access to the individual selection fields. The field currently to be spread can be selected from the fields given in the CardWriter (see section 10.5 (Preparation of the data card with field information)). Set the cursor, using the arrow keys Left and Right, onto the desired task number (tasks 9 to 16 can be reached by changing from task 8 to the right, to block 2 task 1) and press Start task. Now the task is activated; from now on, data can be stored on the storage card. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 60 3. Drive the tractor to the first track and press the key START/STOP. Note: Only if the symbol System works is visible, data is transferred to the spreader controller and stored on the data card. If the Stop sign is visible, the N-Sensor performs the measurement of the crop, as well as the calculation of the nitrogen rate. However, the data are neither transmitted to the spreader controller nor stored on the data card. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor 8.4. Page 61 Agronomic calibration The agronomic calibration sets the system up for the normal operation (i.e. with sensor control with variable application rate), the parameters are used as shown. During work, the sensor signals generate a “sensor value”, which is applied for the application rate. The parameters of cultivated plant and product modify the ratio between sensor value and application rate according to the current task. 8.4.1. Input of agronomic parameters 1. Power on the system, wait approximately 15 seconds until the screen Work is displayed; press Setup. The screen displays: 355-e-014-a 2. With the numeric keypad, enter the data for: Crop Type Growth Stage % N Fertiliser Minimum Rate Maximum Rate Uniform Rate Crop Type Indicates the type of crop to be worked. The quantity of fertiliser recommended by the N-Sensor depends on the type of crop set here. Growth Stage The growth stadium of the cultivated plants, expressed as digital Zadock code (e.g. GS 32 = 2 cm between two nodes). Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 62 % N Fertiliser Percental proportion of nitrogen in the product (weight proportion) (can be taken from the manufacturer’s specifications). The application rate of product application is always given in kg/ha N (quantity of nitrogen per hectare) and not as product quantity per hectare. The application rates can be calculated from the nitrogen content of the fertiliser (%N fertiliser) (can be taken from the manufacturer’s specifications); use following formula to do this: Application rate = (product quantity, kg/ha) x %N fertiliser / 100 Minimum and maximum rate Uniform rate Reference rate The limit values in kg/ha N; the system is supposed to be operated in-between these values. Application rate for a sensor error (e.g. low light level), or as default for a uniform fertilisation (in kg/ha N). The reference application rate is kg/ha N in the reference plot. This value should only be calculated via the calibration in a reference plot (see section 8.4.2 (Calibration ). The calibration is to be carried through in a part of the field where the plants cultivated there are typical for that field (reference plot). Ref. Sensor The sensor value measured during the reference application. This value should only be calculated via the calibration in a reference plot (see section 8.4.2 (Calibration )). Biomass Cutoff The level of a (measured) biomass indication, where the application rate is reduced for very thin crop stands. The N-Sensor predetermines this value, depending on the type of crop and on the growth stadium. In individual cases, this value may be adjusted to the individual of the field. CAUTION The entered value influences the indication of the application, and thus, to a vast extent, the control characteristics of the NSensor. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 63 The cursor automatically moves to the next menu entry. As soon as the first number is entered, the main menu changes over to the adjustment menu: 355-e-015 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 3. Move the cursor with the arrow down key onto the parameters to be edited and introduce the desired value or accept the default values. 4. Save the adjustments with the ENTER key. Operation Manual N-Sensor 8.4.2. Page 64 Calibration at reference plot The calibration in the reference plot is performed in order to adjust the N-Sensor to crop type specific and field specific differences. The calibration is to be carried through in a part of the field where the plants cultivated there are typical for that field (reference field). Border tracks, headlands, areas with shadows from trees, as well as crops with apparently bad growth or visible defects, should be not be used as reference plot for this calibration. 1. Drive the tractor to the reference plot and press Ref. Plot in the submenu Agronomic calibration. The screen displays: 355-e-016 2. Follow the instructions and work the reference plot; the system captures the measured values once a second. If the reference plot is big: • Press the key C-Pause before each turning manoeuvre and before problematic areas, in order to avoid a distortion of the captured pattern. After the turning manoeuvres or after passing the problematic areas, press the key C-Start. 3. After the end of the calibration, press C-Stop. The screen displays: Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 65 355-e-017 4. Enter the desired amount to be applied on the reference plot and change the growth stage, or confirm by pressing the Enter key. The menu automatically changes over to the screen Agronomic calibration. With the performed calibration, Reference rate and Sensor value reference Ref. Sensor are now updated. Note: The nitrogen quantity corresponding to the best possible recommendation for the reference plot, must be entered as the corresponding application quantity. This best possible recommendation can be determined, e.g., using the N-Tester, taking into account the cultivar and the type of crop. You can purchase the N-Tester at your N-Sensor contracting partner, or directly at Yara. CAUTION During calibration, never enter an estimated value or an average value for the entire field, if the calibration was performed on a very small surface or only on a point. This could lead to a variable nitrogen fertilisation on a wrong nitrogen level. WARNING This warning appears after the termination of the calibration in the reference plot, if the Biomass Cutoff under AgroCal is greater than the average sensor value S2 (biomass indicator) in the reference plot, which is visible during the procedure Calibrate at reference plot. 355-e-023 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 66 8.4.3. Data storage at agronomic calibration During the calibration procedure sensor data can be stored on the data card. The data card must be inserted, a task must be activated and the N-Sensor itself must be not active (STOP sign). If then C-Start is selected, positioning data and sensor data is written to the card until C-Stop is pressed. This data can be displayed later using Sensor Office. It will help the user to locate the calibration area afterwards. 8.5. Fertiliser application Once the system is started, the mode Sensor is automatically selected in the screen Work, and the N-Sensor applies the fertiliser with variable application rate, according to the current requirements. Drive along your track and observe the application rate in the screen Work and on the spreader controller. Please observe that the controller typically gives the application rate in kg/ha product. However, on the terminal the application rate is given in kg/ha nitrogen. According to the signal delay entered in the screen System Setup, the quantity displayed at the controller is delayed. 8.6. Work finish 1. Press the START/STOP key at the end of your last track. 2. In the Task menu, press the key Finish task. Data logging is now finished. 3. Cover the sensors and the ambient light sensor. 4. If necessary, go to the next field. If your working day is over, cover the sensors. Remove the data card and copy the task files onto a computer. For downloading the files to a computer, we recommend the program CardWriter. 8.7. Downloading the task files 1. Insert the data card into the PCMCIA card reader of the computer (most laptop computers have a card reader). 2. Use the software CardWriter for downloading the data file. Read section 10 for this (Processing of Task Data with CardWriter). 3. Use Sensor Office in order to process the nitrogen application maps. This program is available on the Internet. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 67 9. Maintenance DANGER Caution when passing below bridges and trees, danger of damages. • Before each use, check the tight fit of the device on the roof of the tractor. • Keep the sensors clean and flap down the covers when the sensors are not in use. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 • Store the system in a dry and protected place. • If you do not need the system for a longer period, dismount the sensor box from the vehicle and store it in a dry place. Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 68 10. Processing of Task Data with CardWriter With the N-Sensor, data of up to 32 fields can be stored on a PCMCIA data card, in 32 so-called task files. CardWriter is designed to help the N-Sensor user to download the application data to the computer on the farm and to prepare the data card properly before data will be logged on it. Before it is possible to save data to the PCMCIA data card by means of the N-Sensor, the card must be initialised with CardWriter. For this purpose, CardWriter generated up to 32 empty files as a pattern on the data card. Field names and additional information can be previously determined with CardWriter. However, it is also possible to determine the field names only during the application on the tractor, if the data card was preconfigured properly. 10.1. Installation of CardWriter You can obtain the program CardWriter from the N-Sensor service personnel or through the Internet homepage http://www.sensoroffice.com Start the program and follow the instructions to install the software automatically. Any language selection made through the installation process can be changed after the installation at any time. In case a previous release of CardWriter (version 2.00 or 2.01) is already installed on your computer, it is not necessary to uninstall the previous release. If the same target directory is used (usually C:\rns2000\CardWriter), fields and crops entered with the previous release will not be erased. Please note that the current version 3.xx of CardWriter will only be compatible to terminal software version 3.xx LBS. In case you are using an older terminal version (2.xx) you must continue to use CardWriter 2.00 or 2.01. Otherwise the system will not work properly and data may be lost. 10.2. Working with CardWriter The basic condition for working with CardWriter is a PCMCIA drive connected to your computer. This drive needs to be assigned to a drive letter in Windows. Please contact your N-Sensor service personnel in order to install this drive. Some card readers dynamically reassign the drive letter for the flash card. In this case, you should insert the data card before starting CardWriter. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 69 If you are working with Microsoft Windows you will find CardWriter by clicking Start on the Windows toolbar, and then clicking Programs, N-Sensor and CardWriter. After the first program start you will be asked to enter the drive letter of your PCMCIA drive: 355-e-027 If this window does not show up, check in Options and Data card whether the drive letter for your drive is assigned correctly; if necessary, change the drive letter. CAUTION Please note that all files in the root directory of the selected drive will be deleted. Therefore it is strongly recommended to double-check again whether the drive letter is really correct and whether you are sure to erase the files on that data card. In Options and Directory you can define whether you want to store your data always in the same directory or if you want to choose a new directory before each data download. 355-e-027b If you want to choose a new directory before each download, enable Selection before reading the data card. If the directory should be fix, enable Always use the following directory and browse for the correct path. In Options and Email you can define an Email address, where to send the data after the download. Data can be forwarded by CardWriter after the download as described in section 10.4 (Further processing of task data using Sensor Office). Please note that the option Email is only available if an Emailsoftware is installed on your computer. If the drive letter for the PCMCIA-drive is defined and one of the Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 70 options for the target directory is enabled, you can start to work with CardWriter. After starting CardWriter, the following screen appears: 355-e-028 Depending on the chosen data model, you can prepare up to 32 tasks on your data card. Insert a data card into the corresponding PCMCIA drive. Make sure that you have chosen the correct drive letter in the Options - Data card menu. Choose a Data model under Options. You can select between the following models: 4x 1792 KB (about 16 hours per task) 8x 896 KB (about 8 hours per task) 16x 448 KB (about 4 hours per task) 32x 224 KB (about 2 hours per task) Within this, the given times are calculated as pure spreading times without breaks or loading times. Now select Initialise data card. The following warning is displayed: Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 71 355-e-029 Confirm with Yes if the data card does not contain any important information still to be used. If you previously have chosen 8x 896 KB (about 8 hours per task), the following information is displayed: 355-e-030 If you have previously chosen the data model 16x 448 KB (about 4 hours per task), the log files 00000009.log to 00000016.log will follow. Now the data card can be removed from the PCMCIA drive and be inserted into the N-Sensor terminal. The processing of tasks is described in section 8.3 (Work start). Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 72 10.3. Downloading task files After the tasks have been completed on the N-Sensor, start CardWriter and activate Read Tasks. If the option Always use the following directory was enabled under Options and Directory and a path was defined there, all data will be saved in this directory. If the option Selection before using the data card was enabled, under Options and Directory, the following window appears: 355-e-031 Choose the target directory where you want to store the data files recorded by the N-Sensor. After pressing the Ok button all tasks that have been used on the N-Sensor will be downloaded from the data card and copied to the target directory. Unused tasks will not be copied. The filename will be created automatically and consists of the N-Sensor serial number, possibly customer name, field name, date of recording and task number. 10.4. Further processing of task data using Sensor Office After the data have been downloaded using the Read taskscommand on the Sensor data card tab go to the Sensor Office tab, where you will find the commands Start Sensor Office, Archive Data and Send data. Start Sensor Office From the data generated in the field it is possible to generate, print and export biomass maps and N-application maps, using the Internet-based program Sensor Office. Furthermore, all these data, together with their corresponding geographic position, can be exported as ASCII numeric tables, and can thus be imported into any Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In CardWriter, activate the Sensor Office tab. You will find a list Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 73 of all files that have been read from the data card in the previous step. You can modify this list by adding more files or removing files. If you remove a file, it will still be present on your hard disk, but will not be transmitted to Sensor Office. Select Start Sensor Office. Your default Internet browser will be started automatically and you will be connected to the Sensor Office homepage. The files in the list will be automatically transferred to the server. Just follow the instructions given in Sensor Office. Note: The software Sensor Office is offered as an additional service by Yara. However, it is not a part of the N-Sensor. In case you want to process your files later, just exit CardWriter. You can open Sensor Office directly with your internet browser and process the files without starting CardWriter again. Archive Data If you do not want to process the data on your own, but send them to a service provider, select the Archive Data button and create a compressed ZIP archive containing all listed task files. Send this file with your standard email client to the desired recipient. Send Data With the option Send Data, you can send all log-files from the list to an Email-address, which was pre-defined in Options and Email. This command will automatically open your Email-software to send the data. Please note that the option Send Data is only available if an Email-software is installed on your computer and an Emailaddress was entered under Options and Email. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 74 10.5. Preparation of the data card with field information Apart from the simple data card preparation method described in section 10.2 (Working with CardWriter), it is possible to transfer field information like field name, field size, crop, and a possibly used raster files to the data card. This information will then be displayed on the terminal to guide the operator. In addition, customer names, worker names and any comments can be assigned to certain tasks. It is recommended to process the Master data, Tasks, Sensor data card and Sensor Office tabs consecutively. Click the tabs directly or use the functions Previous and Next in order to move between the tabs. Master data 355-e-032 In the Master data tab different fields can be generated in a database. Information can be entered in the columns Field name, Size [ha], Crop, Customer and Comment, respectively. In a next step, these fields can be assigned to tasks and become visible when the tasks are displayed on the N-Sensor terminal. In order to generate fields in the database, go to an empty line below Field name and enter the desired name. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 75 Use the functions + - to add a further line, to delete a line. Enter the field size in the Size [ha] column and select the Crop. Clicking the Crop column, a table with specified crops will open. If the desired crop does not display here, you can enter it manually. Once inserted this crop, it will then be available in the list of specified crops. Alternatively, crops can be edited separately in the File - Crops menu. Clicking the Customer column, a table with specified customers opens. If the desired customer does not display here, you can enter it manually. Once inserted this customer, it will then be available in the list of specified customers. Alternatively, customers can be edited separately in the File Customers menu. All columns can be sorted by clicking the column header. Click once to get an ascending order, twice to get a descending order. Tasks 355-e-033 In the Tasks tab fields can be assigned to task numbers just by clicking in the column Field name and selecting one of the Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 76 fields that have been previously generated in the Master Data tab. The size and the crop type will be automatically added from the Master Data table. Information as Size [ha], Crop, Customer and Comments are recalled from the Master data table. They cannot be edited as in the previous CardWriter versions. Before choosing fields, you can narrow down the choice of customers using the Customer field above the table. Default is All Customers. All specified information will be linked to the respective task number and stored to the data card. It will then be displayed in the Tasks menu of the N-Sensor terminal. If you need less tasks than available in a certain data model, you should adjust the Number of Tasks to the actual number of required tasks. This will speed up the data card access as well in CardWriter as in the N-Sensor terminal. Sensor datacard Select Sensor data card and press Initialise Data Card to copy the prepared tasks to the data card. Proceed as described in section 10.3 (Downloading task files). 10.6. Working with raster files (backed-up maps) Raster files (*.RST files) offer the possibility to use the NSensor to apply fertilizer due to previously prepared application maps. Thus, the N-Sensor can be used already for the first spring application, even though a measurement of the nitrogen requirement of the crop is not yet possible. If you want to work with backed-up maps, you must indicate a raster file (RST file). These can be generated with the internet software Sensor Office or NPK-Online. You will find Sensor Office and NPK-Online on the Internet homepage http://www.sensoroffice.com To create raster maps, follow the online help instructions in Sensor Office or NPK-Online manual. A detailed description how to process raster maps is also given in section 11.1 (How to work with raster maps produced with Sensor Office) and 11.2 (How to work with raster maps produced with NPK-Online). Proceed as described in section 10.5 (Preparation of the data card with field information). Assign raster files by clicking into the empty field in the column Raster file in the Tasks tab. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 77 355-e-034 Click on the small grey square with the three dots and select a raster file (*.RST). If necessary, change to the directory where you have previously stored the raster files. As Amount [kg/ha] enter the quantity you want to apply in those areas not covered by the raster file. This is typically the area outside the field boundaries. Nitrogen-rate or product-rate can be entered for the Amount [kg/ha], respectively. If the raster-map is applied with the NSensor, it has to be defined on the N-Sensor terminal in the window System Setup (2) under Appl.map, whether Amount [kg/ha] and the grid cell values are to be interpreted as nitrogen or product rates, respectively. See also section 7.5 (System Setup (2) screen). If the card is initialised through Initialise Data Card and then inserted into the N-Sensor terminal, the field information defined in CardWriter becomes visible. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 78 355-e-018-b The raster map can be switched on and off with the functions Grid OFF and Balk OFF. The current status is marked with ON or OFF. If Grid OFF is selected, the Balk key automatically disappears. The Balk selection determines how much is applied if the system is outside the field boundaries defined in the raster map: If set to Balk ON, the system will apply the rate specified in the CardWriter as Amount [kg/ha] and displayed in Setpoint on the N-Sensor terminal. If Balk OFF is selected, 0 kg/ha will be applied outside the field boundary. If Picture is selected, the map will be displayed. After starting the task the N-Sensor displays the Work menu. Change to the Appl. Map operating mode. If you are within the given boundaries, the “raster map” symbol appears. You can display the field boundary by pressing the Map key. In addition, the current location in the field is displayed with a crosshair. 10.7. Offset maps Offset maps allow the user to automatically change the NSensor recommendation dependend on the position on the field. Offset maps are generally created in the same way as raster maps, see section 10.6 (Working with raster files (backed-up maps)). In contrast to raster maps the N-Sensor needs to continue to work in the Sensor operating mode. The application rate will be calculated by adding the map rate to the N-Sensor recommendation and subtracting the Setpoint rate (specified at Amount [kg/ha] in CardWriter). Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 79 Consequently, to create a negative offset (i. e. to reduce the NSensor recommendation on a certain spot in the field) the value in the map must be smaller than the Setpoint rate. Map values larger than the Setpoint lead to an increase of the application rate and if the map value is equal to the Setpoint rate the NSensor recommendation will not be changed at that location. CAUTION If a raster file is used as Offset Map, Balk On must be enabled in the Task-menu of the N-Sensor. Using this option, sensor readings will not be influenced if the vehicle is located outside the field boundary. A detailed description, how to work with offset maps is given in section 11.3 (How to use raster maps as offset map). Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 80 11. Working with raster maps (short operating instructions) Raster files (*.RST files) offer the possibility to use the NSensor to apply fertilizer due to previously prepared application maps. Thus, the N-Sensor can be used already for the first spring application in cereals, even though a measurement of the nitrogen requirement is not yet possible. If you want to work with raster maps, you must indicate a raster file (RST file). These can be generated with the Internet software Sensor Office or NPK-Online. You will find Sensor Office and NPK-Online on the Internet homepage http://www.sensoroffice.com In addition, you can create raster maps with any geographical information system (GIS). If you export the raster data as CSVfile, these data can be uploaded to Sensor Office and being converted to a raster map in RST-format. 11.1. How to work with raster maps produced with Sensor Office What is a raster map? A raster map is a digital map, which contains product- or Nrates to be applied on the field. These data are transferred to a job-controller and sent to the spreader or sprayer. The digital map can also be applied with the N-Sensor, if you select Appl. Map instead of Sensor or Uniform on the NSensor in the Work-menu. 11.1.1. Data conversion with Sensor Office Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 • Go to the homepage www.sensoroffice.com. • Start the Internet software Sensor Office (Services/Sensor Office). • After Start Sensor Office select Transfer files (HTTP). • Browse for your log-file or csv-file • If you just loaded one file, it will be enabled automatically, the Parameter will be set to N-Recommendation. Leave it like it is and click Next. • If a CSV-file is loaded, define your CSV-Import Parameters to tell Sensor Office in which columns to find latitude, longitude and N-rates. Click Next. • On the Point data Preview you will see the points as dotted lines, select Raster Map. • On the Preview Raster map page you can define the Cell size of your raster map. This will of course highly influence the accuracy of your grid. Please note that the grid size of Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 81 your raster map is limited to only 16,384 data points. If the number of data points is too high, the N-Sensor terminal cannot handle the raster file anymore. In Sensor Office you will get an error message. In that case reprocess the map with a bigger Cell size. 11.1.2. • If needed, you can modify the raster map if you select Edit Raster Map. Keep in mind that the upload of this page can last a couple of minutes if you are working with a dense grid, e.g. 6m. • Select Export. • On the Export Application Map-page select N-Sensor (*.rst). This format will contain N-rates in contrast to all the other formats, which contain product rates. In case you select WTK-Adis, Sensor Office will export product rates instead of N-rates. • Select Download, now you are asked to define the field boundaries, click Ok. • In the Control field boundaries-window you must Define field boundaries. To do this, draw a polygon around the field (as described in the Sensor Office Online-Help). • If the boundary is defined click OK. • Click Next. • Back on the Export Application Map page select Download again. • Enter your login data and download the RST-file to your hard disk. Link the RST-file to the log file with CardWriter Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 • Start the CardWriter program. • Insert a PCMCIA-datacard to your specific drive. • Select Options and Data model to define the desired data model. • Under Master data you can store general information of your fields. See also section 10.5 (Preparation of the data card with field information). • Under Tasks select the field name specified in the Master data table, enter the Amount [kg/ha]-value, which will define the rate outside the field (usually 0), and link your Raster-file to your task. • Under Sensor Data card select Initialize Data card • After writing the files to the data card, take the card out to the tractor. Operation Manual N-Sensor 11.1.3. 11.1.4. Page 82 What to do on the N-Sensor Terminal? • Insert the data card to the N-Sensor Terminal. • Select Map in the Work menu. • Select Setup. • Press Page-down until you find the option Appl. Map. • Press Appl. Map once to set it to Nitrogen or Product. • If Application Map is set to Nitrogen, the values in the digital map will be interpreted as N-rates and will be multiplied by the N-content, which is defined in the agronomic calibration, before the values are sent to the controller. • If Application Map is set to Product, the values in the digital map will be interpreted as product-rates and will not be multiplied by the N-content, which is defined in the agronomic calibration. Instead, the values are sent to the controller as they are. • Select Tasks • Choose one of the tasks • Select Grid On, if the grid is not enabled (Usually the grid should be enabled by default, if Map-mode is selected in the Work manu). • Select Balk On • Select Start Task • Now the screen switches over to the Work menu • Press the Start/Stop-button to transfer data to the spreader-controller. How to control where you are If field boundaries were defined in Sensor Office before the raster map was exported, this boundary should be displayed, if you select the main menu Map. You will see the field boundaries of your field and a cross hair showing your position. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 83 11.2. How to work with raster maps produced with NPK-Online What is a raster map? A raster map is a digital map, which contains product- or Nrates to be applied on the field. These data are transferred to job-controller and sent to the spreader or sprayer. The digital map can also be applied with the N-Sensor, if you select Appl. Map instead of Sensor or Uniform on the NSensor in the Work-menu. 11.2.1. Data conversion with NPK-Online Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 • Go to the homepage www.sensoroffice.com. • Start the Internet software NPK-Online (Services/NPKOnline). • After Start NPK-Online select Transfer files (HTTP). • Browse for your yield-file or csv-file. • If you just loaded one file, it will be enabled automatically. If more files are loaded, select your file and define the format, if not detected automatically. • Click Next. • If a CSV-file is loaded, define your CSV-Import Parameters to tell NPK-Online in which columns to find latitude, longitutde and yield-information. Click Next. • On the Point data Preview you will see the points as dotted lines, here you have the possibility to define new field boundaries, if you only want to take a part of the field into account. • Now follow the program until page Recalculate. Use the online-help, if needed. • On the page Recalculate you can define the Cell size of your raster map. After modification you have to select the command Recalculate. This will of course highly influence the accuracy of your grid. Please note that the grid size of your raster map is limited to only 16,384 data points. If the number of data points is too high, the N-Sensor terminal cannot handle the raster file anymore. In NPK Online you will get an error message. In that case reprocess the map with a bigger Cell size to reduce the number of datapoints. • Select next. • On the page Application Map you can modify the raster map if you select Edit Raster Map. Keep in mind that the upload of this page can last a couple of minutes if you are working with a dense grid, e.g. 6m. • Select Next. • On the Export Application Map-page select WTK-Adis, Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 84 NPK-Online will export product rates instead of N-rates. 11.2.2. 11.2.3. • Select Download, now you are asked to define the field boundaries, click Ok. • In the Control field boundaries-window you must Define field boundaries. To do this, draw a polygon around the field (as described in the NPK-Online-Help). • If field boundary is defined click OK. • Click Next. • Back on the Export Application Map page select Download again • Enter your login data and download the RST-file to your harddisk. Link the RST-file to the log file with CardWriter • Start the CardWriter program. • Insert a PCMCIA-data card to your specific drive. • Select Options and Data model to define the desired data model. • Under Master data you can store general information of your fields. See also section 10.5 (Preparation of the data card with field information). • Under Tasks select the field name specified in the Master data table, enter the Amount [kg/ha]-value, which will define the rate outside the field (usually 0), and link your Raster-file to your task. • Under Sensor Data card select Initialize Data card • After writing the files to the data card, take the card out to the tractor. What to do on the N-Sensor Terminal? Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 • Insert the data card to the N-Sensor Terminal. • Select Map in the Work menu. • Select Setup. • Press Page-down until you find the option Appl. Map. • Press Appl. Map once to set it to Nitrogen or Product. • If Application Map is set to Nitrogen, the values in the digital map will be interpreted as N-rates and will be multiplied by the N-content, which is defined in the agronomic calibration, before the values are sent to the controller. • If Application Map is set to Product, the values in the digital map will be interpreted as product-rates and will not be multiplied by the N-content, which is defined in the agroOperation Manual N-Sensor Page 85 nomic calibration. Instead, the values are sent to the controller as they are. 11.2.4. • Select Tasks • Choose one of the tasks • Select Grid On, if the grid is not enabled (Usually the grid should be enabled by default, if Map-mode is selected in the Work manu). • Select Balk On • Select Start Task • Now the screen switches over to the Work menu • Press the Start/Stop-button to transfer data to the spreader-controller How to control where you are If field boundaries were defined in NPK Online before the raster map was exported, this boundary should be displayed, if you select the main menu Map. You will see the field boundaries of your field and a cross hair showing your position. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 86 11.3. How to use raster maps as offset maps What is an offset map? An offset map is a digital map, which contains N-rates to be added or subtracted from the N-rates recommended by the NSensor based on the optical measurement. The offset data in combination with the sensor-recommendation are transferred to N-Sensor and sent to the spreader or sprayer. The digital map can only be applied with the N-Sensor. How you link a raster file to your log-file and which settings to be made on the N-Sensor Terminal, you will find in sections 11.3.3 and 11.3.4., respectively. The problem working with offset maps is that the N-Sensor terminal does not understand negative application values (originally it was designed to send product rates to a spreader controller, which are usually positive values or zero). Therefore an offset has to be added to all values, which has to be subtracted on the N-Sensor terminal later. 11.3.1. 11.3.2. Preparation of offset maps in your own GIS • Create an offset-map due to reliable agronomic parameters of the field. Please note that an offset-map may have significant influence on the nitrogen-recommendation of the NSensor! • As the N-Sensor is only able to work with positive rates, it is necessary to a constant value to all offset values. This constant value will be subtracted later on the N-Sensor, if you enter 50 kg/ha as Amount [kg/ha] in CardWriter. In case you want to apply for example +40 and -40 kg N/ha, you should add 50 kg N/ha to all values in your offset-file. Using this trick, you only have positive values. • Export this file as CSV-file from your GIS-system. This file should have columns with longitude, latitude and the Nrates (+50 kg N/ha), separated with ‘,'' ;'or a space. Data conversion with Sensor Office Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 • Go to the homepage www.sensoroffice.com. • Start the Internet software Sensor Office (Services/Sensor Office) • After Start Sensor Office select Transfer files (HTTP). • Browse for your CSV-file • If you just loaded one file, it will be enabled automatically, the Parameter will be set to N-Recommendation. Leave it like it is and click Next. Operation Manual N-Sensor 11.3.3. Page 87 • Define your CSV-Import Parameters to tell Sensor Office in which columns to find latitude, longitude and N-rates. • Click Next. • On the Point data Preview you will see the points as dotted lines, select Raster Map. • On the Preview Raster map page you can define the Cell size of your raster map. This will of course highly influence the accuracy of your grid. Please note that the grid size of your raster map is limited to only 16,384 data points. If the number of data points is too high, the N-Sensor terminal cannot handle the raster file anymore. In Sensor office you will get an error message. In that case reprocess the map with a bigger Cell size. • If needed, you can modify the raster map if you select Edit Raster Map. Keep in mind that the upload of this page can last a couple of minutes if you are working with a dense grid, e.g. 6m. • Select Export • On the Export Application Map-page select N-Sensor (*.rst). This format will contain N-rates in contrast to all the other formats, which contain product rates. • Select Download, now you are asked to define the field boundaries, click Ok. • In the Control field boundaries-window you must Define field boundaries. To do this, draw a polygon around the field (as described in the Sensor Office Online-Help). • If the field boundary is defined, click OK. • Click Next. • Back on the Export Application Map page select Download again • Enter your login data and download the RST-file to your hard disk. Link the RST-file to the log file with CardWriter Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 • Start the CardWriter program. • Insert a PCMCIA-data card to your specific drive. • Select Options and Data model to define the desired data model. • Under Master data you can store general information of your fields. See also section 10.5 (Preparation of the data card with field information). • Under Tasks select the field name specified in the Master data table, enter the Amount [kg/ha]-value, which must be exactly the same as you added to your offset data before (see example in section 11.3.1), and link your Raster-file to Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 88 your task. 11.3.4. 11.3.5. • Under Sensor Data card select Initialise Data card • After writing the files to the data card, take the card out to the tractor. What to do on the N-Sensor Terminal? • Insert the data card to the N-Sensor Terminal • Do the Agronomic Calibration as usual • Select Setup • Go down the menu until you find the option Appl. Map • If not set to Nitrogen, press Appl. Map once to set it to Nitrogen • Select Tasks • Select Grid On • Select Balk On (absolutely necessary if RST-file is used as Offset map) • Select Start Task • Now the screen switches over to the Work menu • Press the Start/Stop-button to transfer data to the spreader-controller How to control where you are If field boundaries were defined in Sensor Office before the raster map was exported, this boundary should be displayed, if you select the main menu Map. You will see the field boundaries of your field and a cross hair showing your position. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 89 Appendix Calculating the Signal Delay Scanned area Scanned area Sensors Sensor housing Terminal SpreaderController Spreader Irradiance Sensor Scanned area Sensors Signal Delay caused by Distance (A) Scanned area 355-e-035 The Signal Delay can be calculated as follows: Signal Delay = (A / B) – C – 0.5 A Distance between sensor housing and the centre of fertiliser application [m]. B Tractor speed [m/s]. C Time constant of the spreader (see manufacturer’s note) [s]. 0.5 Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Delay time caused by data analysis and data transfer [s]. Operation Manual N-Sensor Page 90 If the tractor speed and distance A (between sensor housing and the centre of fertiliser application) is known, the Signal Delay can be taken from the following table. In this example the time constant for the spreader C is 1 second, which is valid for most of the spreaders. The Delay Time for the data processing on the N-Sensor is 0.5 seconds. Distance Sensor housing to centre of fertilizer application 8km/h 10 k m / h 12 k m / h 14 k m / h 16 k m / h 18 k m / h 20 k m / h 2.22 m/s 2.78 m/s 3.33 m/s 3.89 m/s 4.44 m/s 5.00 m/s 5.56 m/s 10 m 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 12 m 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 14 m 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 16 m 6 4 3 3 2 2 1 18 m 6 5 4 3 3 2 2 20 m 7 6 5 4 3 3 2 22 m 8 6 5 4 3 3 2 24 m 9 7 6 5 4 3 3 26 m 10 8 6 5 4 4 3 28 m 11 9 7 6 5 4 4 30 m 12 9 8 6 5 5 4 Attention In the calculations of this table a time constant for the spreader C of 1 second is included, which is valid for most of the spreaders. In some cases, especially for sprayers the time constant for the spreader C can be different to that value. A possible deviation from this value has to be taken into account before this table is used. Edition: 22 Dezember 2004 Operation Manual