22 Varanasi Part 1

Transcript

Volume II : City Appraisal 22. Varanasi CITY APPRAISAL VARANASI 22.0 Introduction Varanasi is an ancient religious city, on the bank of holy river Ganga. Being an important pilgrimage center, thousands of tourists visit the holy city Varanasi from India and abroad. According to historians, the city was founded some ten centuries before the birth of Christ. The city is famous for its cultural heritage, music, art, craft and education. Varanasi is a major commercial and industrial center of eastern U.P. Varanasi is in north-eastern part of the country at 25°0' to 25°16' N latitude and 82o5' to 83°1' E longitude. Jaunpur and Ghazipur bound it on north, on southeast by Mughal Sarai, on east by Bihar state, on West by Bhadohi and on south by Mirzapur. The Varanasi is situated at an altitude of 80 m. The land is uneven and slopes from South to North. The terrain is a part of catchment of river Karmnasha, Chandraprabha, Varuma and their tributaries. Varanasi has a total area of 78.5 sq km and is under the management of Nagar Nigam. Climate and Rainfall Climate of Varanasi is more or less dry. May and June are the hottest months of the year. Dust storms and hot waves are common during summer. Rainy season starting mostly from first week of July continues up to the month of September. Winter starts from mid of October and continues up to March. The city experience extremes of both winter and summer during the year. The minimum and maximum temperatures observed are 1.7°C and 47.2°C respectively. The average rainfall of the area is 1113 mm. Most of the annual rainfall occurs during monsoon months of July to September. Population Varanasi city (Urban Agglomeration), which includes Nagar Nigam and outgrowth areas, has a total population of 12,11,749 as per 2001 census. It comprises of 6,44,922 males and 6,66,827 females. This figure is excluding a daily floating population of approximately 2 Lakhs. There are 7,45,414 literates in the city. Varanasi Jal Sansthan looks after water supply to the city of Varanasi. 22.1 Water Sources Surface water source (river Ganga) and ground water sources, contributing almost equally, are used for water supply to Varanasi city. Raw water (125 MLD) from river Ganga is lifted from Bhadani Raw Water Pumping Station and flows to Water Treatment Plant (WTP) located at Bhelupur. Pumping capacity at Bhadani station is 140 MLD. There are two sets of 3 pumps of 20 KLPM and 2 pumps of 40 KLPM; out of these one from each type is standby. Water withdrawn is transmitted through 3 pipelines having diameter of 24”, 45" and 48”. 22 - 1 Varuna river divides the city in two parts. Entirely trans-Varuna area and some recently developed localities in cis-Varuna area are exclusively dependent on ground water supplies. The 109 tube wells throughout city, spread over all the 4 water distribution zones were installed by UP Jal Nigam, which divided the city into 16 zones for effective planning and implementation of water supply net work in different areas. North and Central Zone have 41 and 30 tube wells respectively. South zone and zone no. 4 have 19 tube wells for each water supplies. Varanasi Jal Sansthan is responsible for operation and maintenance of these tube wells. These tube wells are either connected to Over Head Tanks (OHT) for water storage or used as direct supplies to consumers. A list of tube wells with their location is given in Annexure 22 (Table 1 and Fig. 1). Water supply through distribution net work, connected with conventional treatment plant and tube wells is further supplemented through installation of about 1500 India Mark II handpumps, which are constructed at the places of water scarcity. Total water supply from these handpumps is about 7 MLD. 22.2 Water Treatment There is only one conventional WTP at Bhelupur for the Ganga water source. The designed capacity of WTP is 311 MLD but the plant is presently working at 125 MLD. There are 3 rapid gravity filtration units of 150, 100 and 61 capacity. The first two units are fully operational but third one is defunct for several years. Few filter beds of this unit are recently repaired to restore the functioning. The designed capacity of the plant is, therefore, considered to be 250 MLD only. Engineering and technical data in respect of water treatment plant is given in Annexure 22 (Table 2). The treatment given to raw water from river Ganga consists of alum coagulation (only in rainy season), sedimentation in rectangular settling tanks, filtration through rapid gravity sand filters and chlorination. The schematic layout of Bhelupur Water Treatment Plant is shown in Annexure 22 (Fig. 2). Salient features / summary data of water treatment plant is presented in Annexure 22 (Table 2). Location of raw water pumping station and treatment plant is shown in Annexure 22 (Fig. 3). Water drawn from ground sources is supplied directly to the consumers without any treatment. There is provision for chlorination of the tube well water with bleaching powder. Treatment Plant Appraisal Source Protection and Raw Water Quality Surface Source Raw Water from surface source is drawn from river Ganga at Bhadani Pumping Station, which is located at a distance of 1.5 km from main campus of treatment plant in Bhelupur. There are 7 pumps of total designed capacity of 200 KL per minute, which lift water from river and pump to treatment plant through 3 rising mains of 24”, 45” and 48” diameter. Although the pumping station was installed upstream of main Varanasi city to get good quality of raw water, it is now, almost midstream due to fast urban development along the riverbanks. 22 - 2 Provision has been made to discharge most of domestic sewage after treatment. The remaining sewage, exceeding the treatment capacity, is diverted through tapping major drains and pumped, agriculture fields for irrigation and finally discharged downstream of the city in river Ganga. The quality of raw water received at Bhadaini intake point is satisfactory with respect to physico-chemical parameters. However, bacterial counts of both total and faecal coliform were found to be quite high, in all the seasons, as evident from results of analyses presented in Tables 22.1, 22.6 and 22.11. Total coliform range between 60x102 to 30 x 103, 1x103 to 41 x 104 and 3 x 103 to 10 x 104 respectively in winter, summer and monsoon seasons respectively. Similarly, faecal coliforms counts are found to range between 5x102 to 20x102, 2x102 to 40 x 103 and 8 x 102 to 50 x 103 during the surveys conducted in winter, summer and monsoon seasons respectively. It has been observed that both total and faecal coliform counts in raw water were reduced in the samples taken from inlet point of WTP, as compared to those at intake point of pumping station. The presence of high microbial contamination may be due to a number of non-point pollution sources in addition to a major drain called Assi nala, which carries untreated sewage from adjoining area and discharge it at a distance of about 0.5 km upstream of intake point in the river Ganga. Other minor sources contributing towards microbial contamination are meare discharge of wastewater from settlements developed near riverbanks, bathing of human beings, animals, washing of clothes and allied activities. It has been observed that raw water intake point in river is not protected by any type of fencing or restricted entry. People were found taking baths and even washing clothes near intake point, which is likely to get polluted and deteriorate the quality of raw water. Water Storage : Treated water after disinfection from Bhelupur plant is stored in clear water reservoirs (CWR), each of 25 ML storage capacity .Old reservoirs commissioned almost 100 years before is made of bricks. New reservoir was constructed in 1992 with RCC structure. Both CWRs are inter connected and contain three chambers each. Water can be pumped from both the reservoirs separately through provision of valves. It has been reported that CWRs are not cleaned in known immediate past after commissioning. There is a provision of passage in old CWR with a gate. The gates of new CWR were permanently closed with a brick wall. There is no lighting arrangement and staircases, were unclean in the entry passage to old CWR, rendering the entry for sample collection and inspection extremely difficult. Both the reservoirs are located inside the treatment plant campus, behind main administrative building. Sanitary conditions on the roof of the reservoirs are satisfactory, but there is unrestricted entry of grazing pet animals. There has not been found any provision for overflow, prevention of mosquitoes and other aquatic insects in reservoirs. Ventilation is provided. In addition to two main reservoirs at Bhelapur treatment plant campus, there are 4 zonal service reservoirs located at Benia, Madagin, Rajghat and Gopal Bagh with total storage capacity of 12 ML. Reservoir at Benia is comparatively large with capacity of 7.5 ML and is fed with treated water from Bhelapur and tube wells. Other three reservoirs are used to store the tube well water only. Sanitary conditions around these zonal reservoirs are satisfactory and disinfection is regularly practiced with bleaching powder. Ground Source Raw water from ground sources is drawn through 109 tube wells spread throughout the city with the present yield of approximately 145 MLD. The water lifted from these tube wells is not 22 - 3 given any treatment except disinfection by bleaching powder. The quality of raw water from tube wells, before chlorination, with respect to physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters during winter, summer and monsoon seasons are presented in Tables 22.5, 22.10 and 22.15. Total coliforms were found in 30%, 47% and 88% of the analysed samples for 1 to 5 days of sampling in different seasons. Faecal coliforms were detected in 10%, 44% and 28% of the analysed samples. These supplies were chlorinated with bleaching powder before reaching the consumers. Ground water withdrawn through tube wells is either supplied directly or after storage in OHT. There are 16 OHTs, located in different areas with storage capacity ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 ML. The total capacity of these OHTs is 18.6 ML. One OHT is also located in treatment premises. The space below this water tank is used as storehouse for treatment plant. Contamination of most of the tube wells with coliforms during monsoon season might be due to percolation of water accumulated the monsoon ponds. It was observed that cleanliness is not maintained around some of the tube wells and garbage was also found dumped near pump house of some tube wells. People are freely practicing bathing and washing in tube well premises using the water from bypass pipes. As there is no proper arrangement for drainage of the wastewater, it is likely to percolate and result into contamination of sources. There is no adequate security and protection of tube well sources, hence, bathing and washing activities are common near some of tube wells like RP Ghat and Bhadani. Performance of Treatment Plant The treatment plant campus houses the main administrations building, raw water intake, channel, settling tanks, rapid gravity filtration units, CWRs, store house, workshop and other auxiliary and supporting infrastructural units. General maintenance and house keeping in the treatment plant campus is not satisfactory, reportedly due to inadequate financial resources. Infrastructural facilities like roads in and around treatment units are not maintained causing inconvenience, specially during rainy season, when water is accumulated in low lying areas due to improper drainage. Illumination in building and in the campus is inadequate. Inlet Point and channels Raw water drawn from Bhadani Pumping Station is received at two places, old and new inlet points at the treatment plant. There is no adequate security arrangement near inlet point of raw water. The boundary wall separating the plant campus from adjoining residential slums are broken and give rise to unrestricted entry of people, who take bath in raw water at inlet point. Raw water from old inlet point can be fed to Settling Tank (ST) No.2, No.3 and bypass channel. Inlet point (New) is connected through separate channel to ST No. 1 and 2. It has been, therefore, observed that inlet points old and new can not directly feed the ST no. 1 and 3 respectively. There is no arrangement to measure the flow at the intake. However, a rectangular weir is installed in old inlet channel, which is rusted. Its meter scale is also corroded and illegible due to inadequate maintenance. It is therefore, not possible to measure the flow rate of raw water entering the plant for treatment. Inlet channels carrying raw water from the inlet point to settling tanks need thorough cleaning to restore its effectivity in rapid mixing of alum solution in raw water. 22 - 4 Alum Dosing It was reported that the alum dosing is practiced only in rainy season at a dose ranging from 10 to 150 mg/L. Annual consumption has been reported to the extent of 600 MT, containing about 15-16% alumina. Alum dose is applied on the basis of Jar test experiments, Turbidimeter was not functioning properly and needs repairs or replacement. Alum solution is prepared in four tanks and is carried through closed pipes for mixing with raw water in the inlet channel. Alum blocks are purchased in adequate quantities and stored in a confined storage room adjacent to alum solution tanks, which is not provided with doors. There are no doors and arrangement to lock. There is no permanent arrangement to protect the chemical from rains. Due to insufficient space in storage room, alum was piled in the vehicle stand shade. Settling Tanks The 3 settling tanks are used mostly in rainy season, when alum dosing is practiced due to high turbidity of raw water. It was observed that ST no. 2 and 3 were operative during winter survey while ST no. 1 was completely silted with sludge and needed cleaning. The S.T.No.1 was found to be desludged during summer survey. During survey period in summer and monsoon, no settling tank was found operational. Desludging was being carried out in S.T.No.3. However, it was observed that arrangements were under progress to restore the function of settling tanks during the monsoon. Rapid Sand Filters Raw water settled in settling tanks or directly bypassed from inlet channel is filtered through Rapid Sand Filters (RSF), in 3 units of 150, 100 and 61 MLD designed capacity. Earlier there were 14 slow sand filters (SSF) commissioned in 1892 and all are abandoned now. Four SSFs are converted into two clear water reservoirs and others are also expected to be converted in future for storage of treated water. Water quality from 3 units of RSF, as assessed during winter, summer and monsoon seasons is presented in Tables 22.2, 22.7 and 22.12. It was observed that none of the filter appurtenances such as rate setters, rate controllers and filtration rate indicators are working for several years. These are not repaired or replaced due to reported paucity of funds. Filter beds are washed in a routine manner after 24 hours of run, without any consideration of head loss, filtration rate or filtrate quantity. Air and water scouring are carried out for period ranging from 3 to 5 minutes. Back wash water is carried through outlet drains, which are connected to sewer line. Out let drains of most of the filter beds are silted badly and few drains are fully choked. It was observed that water scouring time can not be increased, otherwise the backwash water will overflow due to reduced carrying capacity of drains on account of choking and silting. Removal of silt from these drains was carried out as observed during summer survey. Sand beds of all the filters had undulations, cracks and mud balls. It was reported that filter sand in these beds was never replaced partly or fully. There is no arrangement to descend down to surface of sand bed for collection of mud samples. The condition of filter beds seems to be unsatisfactory as per visual observation. However, distribution of wash water through filter beds was mostly uniform. Chambers used for collection of filtrate are clean and covered. However, covers of few of these chambers made of MS sheets are rusted and deteriorated resulting into incomplete closure. Cover of filtrate collection chamber of bed no. 5 of 61 MLD unit was found badly rusted and damaged. 22 - 5 Filter running and washing operation has been practiced in 3 shifts of 8 hours each starting from 06.00 hours. There is a team of 4 operators and 3 helpers to operate the three filter units. In each shift, one operator and one helper (Khalasi) look after the job. The operators are not adequately trained to undertake the operation and register the details in logbooks. No appurtenances/gadgets were in working condition. Filter washing and running are practiced on the basis of few standing instructions to be followed by the operators. Filter operation data is not registered in logbooks in a ledger pattern. Hence, it was difficult to readily reckon the actual running period of individual filter beds between washing operations. Civil structure (Building) of 61 MLD filter house badly needs repair, water drips from ceiling of the building at several places during rains and get accumulated on the floor. This creates chances for accident for the workers. It is also pertinent to mention that microbiological laboratory of Jal Sansthan is also located in a room inside this filter house. Raw water turbidity during winter and summer ranges between 20 and 32 ppm and increases during monsoon to the range of 26 to 130 ppm. Settling tanks No.2 and 3 are found to reduce the turbidity to some extent. 22.2.1 Laboratory Facilities Water treatment plant at Varanasi has laboratory facility for testing of water samples for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. Laboratory for physico-chemical test is provided in a room in the main administrative building. Microbiological laboratory is located in a room in 61 MLD filter house on first floor. It has been observed that most of the equipment/instrument as presented in Annexure 22 (Table 4) are quite old and were procured before 15 to 25 years. Most of these instruments are not functioning properly and need repairs or replacement as their working life is almost over. There is no provision for allocation of funds to repair or purchase new equipment. There are two Assistant Chemists and one lab assistant to run the laboratory of treatment plant. The staff seems to be inadequate for the laboratory of Jal Sansthan, which is supplying about 270 MLD treated water to the consumers. The laboratory staff is mostly assigned and kept engaged in the jobs, which are not analysis and water quality monitoring activities. The working time available for testing and attending laboratory work is not adequate to undertake the required tests properly and systematically. Under this situation, it seems that man and material resource available for assessment of water quality of the plant is highly inadequate. Water Quality Surveillance Programme is not implemented in Varanasi Jal Sansthan due to lack of infrastructural facility and also inadequate manpower to take up such programme. There is only one conventional water treatment plant for surface water supplied at Varanasi, which is located in Bhelpur. The organised water supplied to the citizens, is adequate and within CPHEEO norms which is 225 lpcd. The salient features / summary data of water treatment plant is presented in Annexure 22 (Table 2). The water drawn from ground sources is supplied directly or after storage in OHTs to the consumers without any treatment. There is provision for chlorination of the tube well water by bleaching powder. The list of instruments / equipments available with Varanasi Jal Sansthan laboratory are mentioned in the Annexure 22 (Table 4) and are just enough to carryout the water analysis for routine parameters. The instruments are about 15 25 years old. There is one chemist and two assistant chemists for analysis [Annexure 22 (Table 12)]. Though most of the instruments are quite old, not functioning properly and need 22 - 6 repairs or replacement, there is no provision for allocation of funds to repair or purchase new equipments.The working time available for testing and attending laboratory work is not sufficient to undertake the required tests properly and systematically. Based on the data provided by Jal Sansthan, it is evident that 40 to 52 samples per month are analyzed in Jal Sansthan Laboratory. The details of sampling schedules are presented in Annexure 22, Tables 5&6. Parameters as tested in the Jal Sansthan laboratory are presented in Annexure 22 (Table 5). The methods followed for these tests are age old and as provided by State Health Institute. Turbidity is measured by Jackson Turbidimeter and results reported as ppm. Anions like Nitrite, Nitrate, and Fluoride etc .are measured by visual colour matching with standards. There is no colorimeter or spectrophotometer available for this purpose. Latest developments in testing procedures and universally acceptable standard methods are not practiced. Results are reported in units of ppl (parts per Lakhs) rather than mg/L. Bacteriological examination for coliforms and colony counts are based on culture tube MPN technique and agar plate method. Frequency of physico-chemical and bacteriological test reported to be performed in Jal Sansthan laboratories is given in Annexure 22 (Table 6) Based on the data provided by Jal Sansthan, it is evident that 40 to 52 samples per month are analyzed in laboratory of Jal Sansthan for Bacteriological parameters. Samples tested in State Health Institute (SHI) laboratory Lucknow are also presented in the same tables. It has been reported that 5 to 20 treated water samples are tested per month and all are found to be excellent from bacterial quality. Water samples from public stand posts and taps are collected and tested for residual chlorine (OT test) by the joint team of Jal Sansthan and Nagar Nigam. In the results of tests conducted during and after Monsoon period for 10 days each in July 2002 and October 2001, it was reported that 87% and 86 % samples have shown residual chlorine (Positive test), out of 214 and 100 samples tested during Monsoon and post monsoon seasons respectively. Financial Resources It has been observed and also reported by Jal Sansthan Management that entire water supply system right from raw water pumping to distribution to beneficiaries is subjected to financial constraint. The main sources of income for Jal Sansthan are water taxes/charges from consumers and different grants for maintenance, electricity etc from Government funds. The major expenditure heads are establishment expenses and cost of electricity. Break-up of annual income and expenditure of Varanasi Jal Sansthan as received from management for 5 years from 1997-98 to 2001-2002 are presented in Annexure 22 (Table 12). It has been observed from the balance sheet that during 1997-98, 1999-2000 and 2001-2002, there has been a profit of Rs. 74.25 and Rs. 109 Lakhs respectively. However, years 1998 99 and 2000 2001 have shown loss of rupees 35 and 345 Lakhs. Financial constraint is the major problem for inadequacy in efficient management of water treatment and distribution. General maintenance of civil and mechanical parts of infrastructure and good house keeping were lacking with an excuse towards paucity of funds. Plant authorities are mostly concerned with the solving problems of consumers related to leakages and complaints regarding quantity and quality of water supplied at consumer end, due to pressure of public agitation and political intervention. 22 - 7 Financial resources of Jal Sansthan can be further increased through revision in tariff structure for water taxes and charges. This is agreed and approved by the Government; however, its implementation is still pending due to political and managerial unwillingness, probably due to resentment of tax paying consumers. It is obvious that the condition of system cannot be improved unless decision of revised tariff, even if unpleasant, is implemented. In addition, it is also important that aspects of tax collection and recovery of pending amounts/arrears should be resolved. There are total 756 employees in Varanasi Jal Sansthan. 22.3 Water Distribution Systems and Leak Detection Water distribution system is spread throughout the city with total pipeline length of 544 km, except in few newly developed localities. Jal Sansthan has divided the city into 4 distribution zones, for administrative purposes, namely Northern, Southern, Central and Zone no 4. Areas within these zones are demarcated in Annexure 22 (Fig. 4). An Executive Engineer administratively heads each zone. There are 13 wards, in the city, which are covered under four zones. Northern Zone has 4 wards i.) Shivpur, (ii) Sarnath (iii) Secrole and (IV) Jaitpura. Southern Zone has Bhelupur and Nagwa wards. Central Zone comprises of 3 wards namely Chowk, Kotwali and Adampur. Zone no. 4 has two wards namely Chetganj and Dasaswamedh. Northern Zone comprises of trans-varuna area of the city and other three zones are located in cis-Varuna area. Water supply distribution network of city under operation and maintenance of Jal Sansthan is shown in Annexure 22 (Fig. 5). Leak detection programme is carried out in the city. Water treatment plant at Bhelupur produces 125 MLD finished water. Storage capacity available with the plant in its clean water reservoirs located in Bhelupur campus as well as zonal reservoirs is collectively equal to 62 MLD, which is almost 50% of daily water output. There are 2 clear water / main reservoirs of 25 ML capacity each and 4 zonal service reservoirs located in Benia, Madagin, Rajghat and Gopal Bagh having total capacity of 12 ML. In addition to these reservoirs fed by surface water treated in Bhelupur works and ground water, there are 16 Over Head Tanks (OHT), with total storage capacity of about 18.6 ML which are connected to tube wells in the areas where ground water is supplied. Location and individual storage capacity of these reservoirs and OHT is given in Annexure 22 (Table 3). There are 1,06,533 domestic water supply connections throughout the city. Northern and Southern zones have 32,900 and 26765 connections respectively. Central Zone has 22283 and Zone No. 4 has 24585 domestic connections. There are 2956 non-domestic connections, supplying water to institutions, guest houses, hotels, Ashrams and commercial establishments. In addition, there are 1402 stand posts with taps for general supply. Varanasi Jal Sansthan supplies drinking water in the city for total 7 hours in a day. Morning supply is for 4 hours (5 to 9 am) and evening supply is practiced for 3 hours (5 to 8 pm). 22.4 Waste Management and Sanitation 22.4.1 Solid Waste Management Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW) is solely the responsibility of Varanasi Nagar Nigam. Health department of Nagar Nigam manages the entire job comprising collection, 22 - 8 transport and disposal. It was reported by Nagar Nigam that approximately 600 MT solid waste is generated in the city per day, by 14 Lakhs population, including 2 Lakhs floating population. City is divided into 19 sanitary wards for the purpose of solid waste management. Quantum of solid wastes of biomedical nature generated by hospitals and nursing homes is not assessed by Nagar Nigam. The primary collection of MSW is done manually by conventional wheel barrows and hand carts. The waste from households is taken out for collection in garbage bins, located in different parts of the city. There are 123 garbage bins, each having a waste storage capacity of 127 m3. In addition to garbage bins, there are 31 fixed primary collection centers. Transport of MSW from garbage bins and primary collection centers to disposal sites is managed by engineering department of Nagar Nigam. The infrastructural facilities available for the purpose include the following transportation fleet : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hydraulic Dumpers Tractor Trolleys Dumper Placers Front End Loaders Robot loaders (small) 15 15 12 6 2 Solid waste generated in the city is not given any treatment before disposal. There is no specific site for waste disposal and it is dumped in and around city in the nearest available lowlying areas. Based on Hon'ble Supreme Court's directives a disposal site of 8 ha is identified in Baluadih and being considered by Nagar Nigam for sanitary landfill. Biomedical waste generated from hospitals/ nursing homes is disposed alongwith municipal solid waste. An incinerator is installed in IMA campus for treatment of biomedical waste. 22.4.2 Sewerage and Sewage Treatment The wastewater collection system for Varanasi was first installed in the year 1917 with a trunk sewer of diameter 750 mm laid from Assi to Rajghat area. Another main sewer, known as Orderly Bazaar, constructed subsequently joins the trunk sewer at Kabir Chaura crossing. In all, there are nine major drains discharging domestic water into the river Ganga. There are 3 STPs in the city located near Banaras Hindu University (BHU), in Dinapur and Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) Campus. The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) for prevention of pollution of river Ganga at Varanasi was launched in the year 1986 and the Ganga Project Directorate (GPD), New Delhi entrusted the implementation of phase I programme to UP Jal Nigam. In the first phase of the programme, sewage flow (about 25 MLD) from eight of nine major underground and surface drains has been diverted to a new trunk sewer. Flow from Assi Nallah (22 MLD) has been diverted partly to a total 10 mld Sewage treatment plant at Bhagwanpur near BHU and remaining quantity to plant at DLW. Prior to the construction of a sewage treatment plant of 80 MLD capacity at Dinapur, about 100 MLD of sewage was discharged into the river Ganga downstream of Rajghat through the trunk sewer. Under GAP this flow has been diverted to a 100 MLD sewage pretreatment plant at Konia and then pumped to STP, 4 km away at Dinapur village. The construction of pretreatment facility at Konia consisting of Screen and grit chamber is in programme. The secondary treatment facility at Dinapur provides for primary settling, roughing filtration, aeration and secondary setting. The sludge is treated in anaerobic 22 - 9 digester and biogas is utilized for power generation. The plant with the exception of sludge digester was commissioned in November 1992. The sewage treatment plant near BHU commissioned in October 1998 is situated at village Bhagwanpur in the south-western part of Varanasi town. It consist of two treatment plant Bhagwanpur an old treatment plant of 1.8 MLD with trickling filter as secondary treatment and a new plant of 8 MLD with activated sludge process. Areas in the outskirts of the city and those under the process of recent development are not provided with sewerage system. In these areas, wastewater from individual houses is diverted to nearby open fields either through septic tanks or directly, resulting into unhygienic conditions. These wastes ultimately reach the river Ganga through drains or nalas especially during monsoon season. Residents in these areas are mostly dependent on their own arrangement of ground water supplies through boring with handpump or electrically operated jet pumps. Solid wastes in these areas are dumped into some open unused plot of land. Percolation of leachate generated from the solid and liquid wastes is possible in rainy season percolation of such leachate to the depth which is generally used by residents for the drawl of required water need be studied for prevention of health hazards. 22.5 Health Status Prevalence of Water Borne Diseases The water borne diseases prevailing at Varanasi are Cholera, Gastroenteritis, Infective hepatitis and Diarrhoea. The factors attributed to these diseases may be (i) contamination of drinking water and (ii) inadequate chlorination. The annual morbidity rates for these diseases is given below : Prevalence of Waterborne diseases at Varanasi Sl. No. Years Disease 1. Cholera 2. Gastroenteritis 3. Infective Hepatitis 4. Diarrhoea 1998 1999 2000 (upto August) 2001 - 00 00 00 52 12 14 03 - 42 2125 38 842 1172 112 1131 Preventive Measures The preventive measures, which are adopted during emergencies, are i) super chlorination of water ii) health education and iii) repairs of leakages in the pipelines carrying water and wastewater. 22 - 10 22.6 Field Studies and Water Quality Evaluation Sample Collection and Analyses Water quality surveillance was undertaken by collecting raw and treated water samples from water treatment plant and from different locations in the distribution system covering reservoirs, over head tanks and also at consumer end points, throughout the city. Water samples from tube wells were collected before chlorination to assess the quality of water from ground sources. Samples were also collected from handpumps, which supplement the piped water supply in different areas. Schedule of sample collection in different seasons and details of sampling points with location and identification codes are presented in Annexure 22 (Tables 6 through 11). Location of sampling points for different types of sources are shown in Annexure 22 (Figs. 6 through 10). Samples were collected in winter, summer and monsoon seasons. Filtered water samples are collected from individual filter beds, which were under operation during survey periods, as shown in Annexure 22 (Table 7) for measuring turbidity and bacterial counts. Sulphate is not measured in these samples, as alum was not used as coagulant during any of the visits of studied team. Samples from both the clear water reservoirs (CWRs), old and new, were collected. In addition to two main / clear water reservoirs located in WTP campus, Bhelupur, there are four service reservoirs (SR) and 16 Over Head Tanks (OHT). Water from these location were tested for residual chlorine and bacteriological examination as shown in Annexure 22 (Fig. 7). Water samples from 40 consumer end points as shown in Annexure 22 (Fig. 8) were collected representing the individual house connections and public stand posts. Samples from 18 consumer end points were collected during the first survey (winter season), which were subsequently increased to 40 in summer and monsoon studies. Ground water samples were collected from 32 tube wells Annexure 22 (Fig. 9), covering 8 tube wells per zone during summer and monsoon seasons. However, during winter season samples from 20 tube wells were collected. Ground water samples from 16 handpumps (India Mark II) were also collected in summer and monsoon surveys and 8 handpumps during winter survey. Locations of sampling points of these handpumps are shown in Annexure 22 (Fig. 10). Water Quality Raw and treated water, stored water and water at consumer end points were assessed during three seasons viz. winter, summer and monsoon through field visits to the city and the results are reported in Tables 22.1 through 22.15. Winter Survey Sampling points and their location, covered during the survey are given in Annexure 22 (Table 7 through 11) I Raw Water (a) Surface Water : Samples of raw water were collected at the Bhadani pumping station and inlet point of water treatment plant. One sample from these two points was collected for 3 days during the survey period. The results of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters 22 - 11 are presented in Table 22.1. It was observed that turbidity of raw water varies between 8 to 10 NTU. Total Alkalinity and Hardness ranged between 200 - 210 and 180 - 184 mg/L respectively. Most of the parameters of raw water were well within CPCB guidelines for raw water acceptable for drinking water, except bacterial count and turbidity. Total and Faecal coliforms ranged between 60 x 102 - 30 x 103 and 5 x 102 - 20 x 102 CFU/100 ml respectively in raw water samples. (b) Ground Water : Water samples were collected from 20 ground water sources (tube wells), once each for analyses of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. The samples were drawn from bypass end of tube well intake pipe during supply hours, before chlorination, so as to assess the existing bacterial counts before disinfection. The results of physico-chemical analysis of tube well water samples are presented in Table 22.5. The analysis data revealed that most of the physico-chemical parameters are within the CPHEEO limits for acceptable drinking water quality. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Magnesium and Cadmium (Cd), and Manganese (Mn) in few samples exceeds the limits. TDS values ranged between 263 to 650 mg/L and exceed the acceptable limit of 500 mg/L in 20% of the samples analysed. Samples of ID No. TW-1, 6,7 and 10 from shivapur, Benia Park, Madagin Park and Hartirath were found to exceed the TDS in the range of 18 - 30% from acceptable value. Forty percent of the samples analysed with ID No. TW - 1, 4,5,6,7,8,17 and 19 are found to exceed both total hardness and total alkalinity from acceptable limit of 200 mg/L. Magnesium exceeds the acceptable limit of 30 mg/L in 45% samples of ID No. TW-1, 2,5,9,10,12, 13, 26 and 28. Ghat and Ambalikapuri. Manganese concentration in Madagin park TW sample was found to be 0.23 mg/L, exceeding the acceptable limit of 0.05 mg/L. However, it was observed that none of the samples exceeded the rejectable limit laid down by CPHEEO, rendering these supplies acceptable in absence of alternate sources. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms contamination was detected in 25% and 10% ground water samples respectively. Samples from Kadipur, Hartirath, Konia Ghat, RP Ghat and Shivpurwa tube wells were found contaminated with total coliforms ranging between 22 and 96 CFU/100 ml. Faecal count was also observed in Konia Ghat and Shivpurwa samples (16 CFU/100 ml). These samples were collected before chlorination to detect the level of contamination, which is required to be known to decide the degree of disinfection required for the source. All these tube well supplies are disinfected by bleaching powder before distribution to the consumers. II. Treated Water (a) Clear Water Reservoir : Results of Physico-chemical analyses of treated water as presented in Table 22.1 from both the CWRs reveal that all the parameters are well within acceptable limits laid down under BIS Standard, except that the total alkalinity slightly exceed in old CWR. Residual chlorine is detected to be quite high in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 mg/L in stored water. A bacteriological analysis has not been carried out in CWR samples, as contamination is not expected to be present due to such a high extent of chlorination. (b) Service Reservoirs and Over Head Tanks : Samples from 4 service reservoirs and 16 OHTs were collected on 3 days during the survey and analysed only for bacterial counts. Residual chlorine was also tested in the samples of these storage systems. The result is presented in Table 22.3. Water in all the service reservoirs was found to be disinfected with residual chlorine in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 mg/L. Bacterial contamination was not found in any 22 - 12 reservoir and overhead tanks. Residual chlorine was available in OHT samples in the range 0.2 to 0.8 mg/L. (c) Consumer End Points : Samples from 18 consumer end points comprising 4 house connections (HC) and 14 public stand posts (PSP) were collected for consecutive 3 days and examined for microbial counts and residual chlorine. Results of microbial analyses as presented in Table 22.4, revealed that the water sample at HC in Sheopur and PSP in Lahartara and Mint House were found contaminated with total as well as Faecal coliforms and residual chlorine was absent. Total coliforms were also detected in the samples collected from PSPs in Sarnath, Sikraul, Nadeser, BHU, Assi, Godaulia and Sigra. Residual chlorine was not detected in these samples except those of Assi and Godaulia. It has been observed that 39% of the collected samples were contaminated with coliforms. III. Handpumps Water samples were collected from 8 handpumps once for analyses of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. Results are presented in Table 22.5 (b). It was observed that turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), Total Hardness, Magnesium, Chloride and Fluoride exceeded the limit and all other physico-chemical parameters were within the acceptable limits BIS : 10500. None of the parameters exceed the permissible limit. Turbidity and TDS exceeded 1.0 NTU and 500 mg/L in 88% and 75% of the samples respectively. Magnesium exceeded limit of 30 mg/L in 63% of the samples (total 5 samples). Chloride and Fluoride exceeded in one and three samples respectively. Total coliforms were also detected in all the samples except that of Kajjakpura and Pitarkunda. Feacal contamination was also found in sample of Bari Piari. Water from none of these surveyed handpumps was suitable for potability, hence, may be used only in absence of alternate sources. Summer Survey I Raw Water (a) Surface Water: The results of analyses are presented in Table 22.6. Most of the physicochemical parameters were within the CPCB guidelines, for raw water acceptable drinking water supply, except Total Alkalinity, turbidity and bacterial counts. Turbidity and total Alkalinity of raw water samples ranged between 2.0 to 5.5 NTU and 240 to 300 mg/L respectively during the survey period of 5 days. Total and faecal coliform counts ranged between 1x103 to 41 x 104 CFU/100 ml and 2x102 to 40x103 CFU/100 ml respectively. (b) Ground Water : Water samples from 32 tube wells were collected during summer survey and the results of physico-chemical analyses are presented in Table 22.10(a) . The analysis data indicate that most of the physico-chemical parameters were within BIS : 10500 limits for acceptable drinking water quality, except TDS, T. alkalinity, T. hardness, calcium and magnesium. TDS concentrations ranged between 142 and 609 mg/L and exceeded the limit of 500 mg/L in tube well located in Maidagin Park (ID No. 10). Total hardness ranged between 168 to 420 mg/L and exceeded the guideline value of 200 mg/L in 56% of the analysed samples. Alkalinity has been found above the limit of 200 mg/L in all the samples except that of RP Ghat tubewell. Calcium and magnesium exceeded the limit of 75 and 30 mg/L in 1 and 19 No. Tube well sample respectively. All these samples were in permissible level of potability as per BIS standards. 22 - 13 Results of bacteriological analyses for 5 days sampling are presented in Table 22.10 (b). Total coliforms and faecal coliforms were detected in 15 and 14 samples respectively out of total collected samples from 32 tube wells. Samples from TW ID Nos. 1,2,3,6,8,11,14,16,17,19,21,25,26,29,30,31 and 32 were found free from bacterial contamination. Other tube wells samples were found contaminated with total/faecal coliforms on one or more days of sampling. Water samples from Kadipur TW no. 2, Pilikothi and Bhadaini were contaminated with > 10 Total coliforms/100 ml sample on more than one day. The reason for bacterial contamination may be the poor sanitary condition and lack of cleanliness in and around pump-house of tube wells. The accumulated water in the vicinity is likely to percolate or the casing/tubing of the pipes may be cracked or damaged. These tube well supplies are disinfected before the water reaches the distribution system and consumer endpoints. II. Treated Water (a) Clear Water Reservoirs : Samples of treated water from both the new and old CWRs were collected for one day for physico-chemical analyses and the results are presented in Table 22.6. All the physico-chemical parameters were within the CPHEEO guideline value of acceptable quality except for Total Alkalinity and Magnesium. T. Alkalinity was found as 280 mg/L, more than the desired limit of 200 mg/L in both the reservoirs. Magnesium was found marginally higher than the desired limit of 30 mg/L in new CWR. Residual Cl2 was tested for 5 consecutive days and the results are presented in Table 22.8. Residual chlorine was in the range of 0.8-1.0 mg/L in both the reservoirs. (b) Service Reservoirs and Over Head Tanks : Samples from 4 zonal service reservoirs and 12 overhead tanks were collected on 5 days during the survey period. The results of residual chlorine tests and microbial examination for total coliforms and faecal coliforms are presented in Table 22.8 (a). Residual chlorine in four zonal reservoirs ranged between 0.3 and 0.9 mg/L and it was absent in Rajghat reservoirs on 4th and 5th May, 2002, even then the bacterial contamination was not detected. The Residual chlorine was detected in all the 16 OHTs in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L. It is, therefore, confirmed that the quality of stored water in reservoirs and tanks was satisfactory and it was found safe for supplies to consumers. (c) Consumer End Points : Water samples from the identified 40 consumer end points were collected on 5 consecutive days for detection of residual chlorine and bacterial counts. Residual chlorine was not detected in samples of 5 consumer points viz. house connection at Sheopur, Durgakund, Sundarpur, Rathyatra and PSP in BHU. However, total coliforms and faecal coliforms were detected in the samples from these points except that from Sundarpur. Sampling points of ID no. 1,4,6,7,9, 14 and 21 had total coliforms as well as faecal coliforms on one or more days of sampling. Sample from Chauka Ghat showed the presence of total coliforms only. It is, therefore, observed that water from 20% of the total consumer end points sampled and analysed was contaminated. III. Handpumps The physico-chemical parameters analyzed were within the acceptable BIS standards values except, turbidity, TDS, T. alkalinity, T. hardness, Magnesium, Chloride and Fluoride in some samples. Turbidity values range between 0.4 and 6.0 NTU and exceeded the limit of 1.0 NTU in 31% samples. Alkalinity was higher than the acceptable limit of 200 mg/L in all the 22 - 14 samples and in permissible limit in Pandeypur sample. TDS and total hardness exceeded in 81% analysed samples. Magnesium exceeded the limit of 30 mg/L in all the samples except those from Bhaisasur and Sankuldhara. Chloride exceeded the limit of 200 mg/L in Bhaisasur sample and Fluoride was found above the limit in samples of Lanka and Laksha area. Total coliforms were detected in 38% of the analysed samples ranging from 2 to 120 CFU/100 ml. Samples from Golghar, Bari Piari, Bhaisasur, Nati Imli and Sundarpur were heavily contaminated with total coliforms (10 CFU/ 100 ml). Faecal contamination to the extent of 2 CFU/100 ml was detected in the water sample of Sundarpur handpump only. Water from these handpumps is not suitable for drinking purposes and may be used only when the demand is not satisfied with alternate sources and after taking adequate of domestic disinfection. Monsoon Survey : The samples were collected from same identified sources and sampling points, as followed during summer survey. The water quality assessed during the survey is presented below : (i) Raw Water (a) Surface Water : The physico-chemical parameters were within the CPCB guideline values for acceptable drinking water quality except the turbidity, which ranged from 10 to 17 NTU. Total coliform and faecal coliforms ranges were 3 x 103 to 10 x 104 CFU/100 ml and 8 x 102 to 50 x 103 CFU/100 ml respectively during the survey period of 5 days (Table 22.11). (b) Ground Water : Water Samples from 32 tube wells were collected before chlorination for 1, 2 and 5 days during monsoon survey. The results of analysis revealed that the parameters were within the limits for acceptable drinking water quality except turbidity, TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity and magnesium. Turbidity ranged from 0.4 to 2.2 NTU and exceeded the limit of 1.0 NTU in samples of Madagin Park, Sundarpur and Prekshagarh TW. The TDS ranged between 258 and 940 mg/L and exceeded the acceptable value in 38% of the samples. Total alkalinity exceeds the limit in all the samples and total hardness in sample of Maidagin Park. Magnesium concentration was above the limit of 30 mg/L in the water samples of Gopal Bagh and Maidagin Park tubes wells. All these analysed samples have parameters within the rejectable limit laid down as per CPHEEO Guidelines. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms were detected in 44% of the analysed samples in one or more days. TW ID nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31 and 32 were free from bacterial contamination. Water samples from Sheopur, Pilikothi and Bhadani were contaminated with more than 10 total coliforms per 100 ml. The reason for bacterial contamination may be the poor sanitary condition and lack of cleanliness in and around pumphouse of tube wells. The water accumulated in the vicinity is likely to percolate or the casing/tubing of the pipes may be cracked or damaged. These tube well supplies were disinfected before the water reached the distribution system and consumer endpoints. (ii) Treated Water (a) Clear Water Reservoirs : The analysed physico-chemical parameters were within the acceptable limit as per BIS Standards, except turbidity, which was to the extent of 4 5 NTU in new and old CWRs. Residue chlorine was tested on 5 consecutive days and ranged between 1.0 and 1.2 mg/L. 22 - 15 (b) Service Reservoirs and Over Head Tanks : Samples from 4 zonal service reservoirs and 16 OHTs were collected for 5 days during the survey period. Table 22.13 (a & b) indicated that residual chlorine was present on all the sampling days in 4 reservoirs located at Gopal Bagh, Benia Park, Madagin Park and Rajghat. The samples having residual chlorine less than 0.5 mg/L were tested for coliform counts and no counts were found in any of the tanks. It can, therefore, be concluded that the quality of stored water in reservoirs and tanks was satisfactory and safe for supplies to consumer ends through individual house connection and public standposts. (c) Consumer End Points : Water samples from the identified 40 consumer end points (Table 22.14) were collected on 5 consecutive days for detection of residual chlorine and bacterial counts. Residual chlorine was detected in samples of consumer point of Panna Lal Park, Paharia, Mint House, Nadeser, Konia and Pisach Mochan on one day during survey period. However, at Sigra consumer end point, residual chlorine was found on two days. Residual chlorine on any day during the sampling period of 5 days was absent from Samples from BHU, Bhadani and Rathyatra. Sampling points of ID no. 2,4,6,7,9,21,24,30,32,37,39 and 40 were found to contain total coliforms as well as faecal coliforms. Cleanliness was generally not maintained near public stand posts as was evident from garbage dumps and unsanitary conditions around Lahartara public stand post. This is likely to contribute towards contamination of supplies. Samples from Gopal Bagh, Rajghat and Konia consumer end points were contaminated with total coliforms. It has been observed that 38% of the total samples analysed were found to be contaminated. (iii)Handpumps Water samples were collected from 16 handpumps on two consecutive days for analyses of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters and one day for analyses of toxic metals [Table 22.15 (c)]. The physico-chemical parameters analysed were within the acceptable CPHEEO Guideline values except turbidity, TDS, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Magnesium, Chloride and Fluoride in some samples. Turbidity values ranged between 0.5 to 6.0 NTU and exceeded the acceptable limit in 50% of the analysed samples. Total Alkalinity was higher than acceptable limit of 200 mg/L in all the samples. TDS exceeded the limit of 500 mg/L in 15 samples, except that from PSP of Panna Lal Park. Total hardness exceeded the acceptable limit of 200 mg/L in samples from HC in Gopal Bagh and Paharia and PSP in Sarnath. Magnesium was higher than the CPHEEO limit of 30 mg/L in sample ID nos. 1,5,11,12,13 and 15. Chloride exceeded the limit in the sample of Paharia. Fluoride was observed beyond the limit in consumer end points from Nadesar and Koniac. Fifty per cent of the samples analysed were contaminated. Samples from Handpump of Bari Piari, Lanka and Sundarpur showed presence of total as well faecal coliforms. Samples from Sarnath, Golghar, Bhaisasur, Nati Imali and Pitar Kunda were contaminated with total coliforms. Total coliform and faecal coliforms were present in these samples in the range of 2 to 30 CFU/100 ml and 4 to 10 CFU/100 ml respectively. 22.7 KAP Survey Findings of the Study : Salient Points Ø Perceived State of drinking water pollution Respondents (40%) considered the water quality being supplied in the city is good. Whereas 22 - 16 residents who experienced drinking water contamination problem had higher levels of risk perception (based on aesthetic and non-aesthetic qualities) about drinking water. Ø Awareness of the SDWQ and information on drinking water standards Many respondents (50%) in city were unaware about the SDWQ programme, knew about drinking water quality to be checked by water works personnel. Knowledge in drinking water standards among water supply personnel and health agencies was 75% and 65% respectively. Ø Information on private water supplies There are two types of sources, surface and ground water, used for water supply to Varanasi city and are contributing almost equally. All respondents indicated the need for improvement in organised water supply in the city. Ø Accountability for the efficient and effective delivery of water supply Seventy per cent of the water works personnel indicated 65% of the supply efficiency and effective delivery of clear water after treatments. Only 40% of the respondents among the general public indicated satisfactory water supply in the city. Ø Knowledge of individuals / Institutions with Water Supply Agency Services Eighty percent of the respondents among general public were unaware of individuals / institutions undertaking water treatment services. Ø Procedures for the complaints against drinking water supply The water works personnel (80%) indicated the immediate measures are taken for the reported complaints against water quality. Ø Knowledge of sanitary survey The respondents (65%) among general public were aware of hygiene and health aspects related to sanitation practices. Ø Knowledge on preventive measures and health education Respondents (65%) among general public were found aware of the preventive measures, which were adopted during emergencies for water borne diseases. 22.8 Current Status of Quality Control and Surveillance 22.8.1 Water Quality Control 22.8.1.1 Status Surface water source (river Ganga) and ground water sources, contributing almost equally, are used for water supply to Varanasi city. Treated water supply is supplemented through about 1500 India Mark II handpumps. There is only one water treatment plant of Bhelupur and is based on the Ganga water source. There are 3 rapid gravity filtration units of 150, 100 and 61 MLD capacity. The first two units are operational but third one is defunct for several years. Although the pumping station was installed upstream of main Varanasi city to get good quality of raw water, it is now, almost midstream due to fast urban development along the riverbanks. 22 - 17 Raw water intake point in river is not protected by any type of fencing or restricted entry. People were found taking baths and even washing clothes near intake point. Water drawn from ground sources is supplied directly to the consumers without any treatment. There is provision for chlorination of the tube well water with bleaching powder. Faecal coliforms were detected in water from tube wells. Cleanliness is not maintained around some of the tube wells and garbage was observed near pump house of some tube wells. People are freely bathing and washing in tube well premises using the water from bypass pipes. There is no proper arrangement for drainage of the wastewater. There is no adequate security and protection of tube well sources. General maintenance and house keeping in the treatment plant campus is not satisfactory. Infrastructural facilities like roads in and around treatment units are not maintained. Illumination inside the building and street lights in the campus are not adequate. At Bhadani Pumping Station there is no adequate security arrangement near inlet point of raw water. The people take bath in raw water at inlet point. There is no arrangement to measure the flow at the intake. A rectangular weir installed in old inlet channel is rusted. Its meter scale is corroded. Inlet channels need thorough cleaning. There are no doors and arrangement to lock the storerooms. There is no arrangement to protect the chemical from rains. Alum was piled in the vehicle stand shade. There are 3 settling tanks, one was completely silted and was found desludged during summer survey. During survey period in summer and monsoon, no settling tank was found operational. Desludging was being carried out in S.T.No.3. None of the filter appurtenance such as rate setters, rate controllers and filtration rate indicators is working. Out let drains of most of the filter beds are silted badly and few drains are fully choked. It was observed that water scouring time can not be increased, otherwise the backwash water will overflow due to reduced carrying capacity of drains on account of choking and silting. Removal of silt from these drains was carried out as observed during summer survey. Sand beds of all the filters had undulations, cracks and mud balls. Chambers used for collection of filtrate were clean and covered. However, covers of few of these chambers made of MS sheets were rusted and deteriorated resulting into incomplete closure. Cover of filtrate collection chamber of bed no. 5 of 61 MLD unit was found badly rusted and damaged. The operators are not adequately trained. No measuring devices were in working condition. Civil structure (Building) of 61 MLD filter house badly needs repair, water drips from ceiling of the building at several places during rains and get accumulated on the floor. Water treatment plant at Varanasi has laboratory facility for testing of water samples for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. The equipment and instruments are quite old. Most of these instruments are not functioning properly and need repairs or replacement as their working life is almost over. There are two Assistant Chemists and one lab assistant to run the laboratory of treatment plant. Latest developments in testing procedures and universally acceptable standard methods are not practiced. Results are reported in units of ppl (parts per Lakhs) instead of mg/L. There is no organised leak detection programme and the leakages are repaired on the basis of public complaints and the leakage noticed by the staff of water supply agency. 22 - 18 The water borne diseases prevalent at Varanasi are Cholera, Gastroenteritis, Infective hepatitis and Diarrhoea In winter survey following observations were made. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) exceed the acceptable limit of 500 mg/L in 20% of the samples. Forty percent of the samples exceeded in both total hardness and total alkalinity. Magnesium exceeded in 45% samples. Manganese concentration in Madagin park TW was exceeding the acceptable limit. However, it was observed that none of the samples exceeded the rejectable limit laid down by CPHEEO, rendering these supplies acceptable in absence of alternate sources. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms contamination was detected in 25% and 10% ground water samples respectively. Faecal count was also observed in Konia Ghat and Shivpurwa samples (16 CFU/100 ml). All these tube well supplies are disinfected by bleaching powder before distribution to the consumers. Bacterial contamination was not found in any reservoir and overhead tanks. The water samples of house connection in Sheopur and PSP in Lahartara and Mint House were found contaminated with total as well as Faecal coliforms and residual chlorine was absent. Total coliforms were also detected in the samples collected from PSPs in Sarnath, Sikraul, Nadeser, BHU, Assi, Godaulia and Sigra. Residual chlorine was not detected in these samples except those of Assi and Godaulia. It has been observed that 39% of the collected samples were contaminated with coliforms. Physico-chemical analysis of water samples from handpumps showed that turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), Total Hardness, Magnesium, Chloride and Fluoride exceeded the acceptable limit and all other physico-chemical parameters were within the acceptable limits and none of the parameters exceed the permissible limit as per CPHEEO guidelines. Total coliforms were detected in the samples except that of Kajjakpura and Pitar Kunda. Faecal contamination was found in sample of Bari Piari. In summer survey most of the physico-chemical parameters were within the CPCBguidelines for raw water acceptable for drinking water supply, except Total Alkalinity. Most of the physico-chemical parameters of ground water were within CPHEEO guideline limits for acceptable drinking water quality, except TDS, T. alkalinity, T. hardness, calcium and magnesium. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms were detected in 2 samples out of 32 samples of tube wells in summer survey. These tube well supplies are disinfected before the water reaches the distribution system and consumer end. The bacterial contamination was not detected in Service Reservoirs and Over Head Tanks. Water from 20% of the consumer end points was contaminated. The physico-chemical parameters of the samples from Handpumps were within the acceptable BIS standards values except, turbidity, TDS, T. alkalinity, T. hardness, Magnesium, Chloride and Fluoride in some samples. Total coliforms were detected in 38% of the analysed samples. Faecal contamination was detected in the water sample of Sundarpur handpumps. 22 - 19 The physico-chemical parameters of surface water during monsoon studies were within the CPCB guideline values for raw water acceptable for drinking water quality. The parameters were within the limits for acceptable drinking water quality in case of ground water during monsoon survey except turbidity, TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity and magnesium. Total coliforms and faecal coliforms were detected in 44% of the analysed samples in one or more days. These tube well supplies were disinfected before the water reached the distribution system and consumer endpoints. No coliform counts were found in any of the tanks and quality of stored water in reservoirs and tanks was satisfactory and safe for supplies to consumer ends through individual house connection and public stand posts. From Consumer End Points 38% of the total samples analysed were found to be bacterially contaminated. Some samples from Handpumps showed presence of total as well faecal coliforms. The gates of new CWR were permanently closed with a brick wall. There is no lighting arrangement and staircases were unclean in the entry passage to old CWR, rendering the entry for sample collection and inspection extremely difficult. Both the reservoirs are located inside the treatment plant campus, behind main administrative building. There is unrestricted entry of grazing domestic animals. There has not been found any provision for overflow, prevention of mosquitoes and other aquatic insects in reservoirs. Ventilation is provided. 22.8.1.2 Scope for improvement The water sources need be protected properly for adequate sanitary safety. All the measuring devices of the water treatment plant need be restored. Upkeep for safety of dissolution and storeroom premises should not be neglected; particularly alum storage must receive proper attention for quality and quantity. Leak detection programme must be commissioned. Sanitary condition of the hand pump needs attention as the contamination has been observed in some water samples. As some of the ground water samples exceeds in some parameters, the proportion of safe surface water in the integrated water supply system may be increased. 22.8.2 22.8.2.1 Surveillance of Drinking water Quality (SDWQ) Status Water Quality Surveillance Programme is not implemented in Varanasi Jal Sansthan. 22.8.2.2 Scope for Improvement The Surveillance of Drinking Water Quality (SDWQ) programme need be started with reliance on Volume I, Section 5 & 6 22 - 20 22 - 21 Sampl ing date Sample ID No. Sampling Temp o point C pH 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 2 3 IP IP IP Intake Point Intake Point Intake Point 20.5 20.0 20.0 8.02 8.10 8.06 10.0 9.5 8.5 WTP-1 WTP-1 WTP-1 Inlet channel Inlet channel Inlet channel 13-Dec-01 8 CWR (new) WTP-41 CWR (Old) WTP-40 19.0 19.0 21.0 20.5 20.0 7.66 8.02 8.22 8.20 8.29 0.8 1.0 9.5 8.5 8.0 473 470 458 475 450 455 482 468 344 321 296 300 282 292 310 208 200 200 210 205 200 210 200 192 192 180 184 184 180 184 180 55 37 42 45 45 43 45 43 14 24 18 17 17 17 17 17 26 31 28 28 26 26 28 26 34 29 30 32 32 30 33 33 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.16 NO3-N (mg/L) 0.21 0.22 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.35 0.41 0.36 0.38 0.41 0.33 0.33 0.35 12 14 11 12 12 12 13 13 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 8.6 8.6 8.6 9.0 9.0 8.6 8.6 8.8 10 10 12 12 11 14 12 12 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.25 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.03 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.02 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.5 2.0 NC NC NC NC NC NC NS NS 65x10 NS NS 5x102 6x102 2 60x102 10x102 20x103 7x102 10x102 20x103 70x102 20x102 30x103 PO4-P F Na K DO COD Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As Res.Cl2 TC FC (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (CFU/100 (CFU/100 ml) ml) ND : Not detected ; NC : No Chlorination ; NS : No Sampling (Res.Cl2 > 0.5 mg/L) ; All values except pH, Temp. Cond. TC & TFC are expressed in mg/L. 13-Dec-01 7 Source : Clear Water Reservoir 14-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 5 6 12-Dec-01 4 Source : Inlet Channel in Water Treatment Plant, Bhelupur 12-Dec-01 1 298 Turb. Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Source : Intake Point in River ganga at Bhadani Pumping Station Sl. No. City : Varanasi Table 22.1 : Water Quality - Water Treatment Plant - Winter Table 22.2 : Water Quality Treatment Stages - Winter City : Varanasi Sl. No. Sampling Date Sample ID No. Source Turbidity TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 WTP-3 WTP-4 WTP-5 WTP-6 WTP-7 WTP-8 WTP-9 WTP-10 WTP-11 WTP-12 WTP-13 WTP-14 WTP-15 WTP-16 WTP-17 WTP-18 WTP-19 WTP-20 WTP-21 WTP-22 WTP-23 WTP-24 WTP-25 WTP-26 WTP-27 WTP-28 WTP-29 Settling Tank No. 2 Settling Tank No. 3 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.1 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.2 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.3 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.4 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.5 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.6 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.7 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.8 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.9 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.10 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.11 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.12 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.13 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.14 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.15 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No.16 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 1 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 2 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 3 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 4 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 5 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 6 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 7 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 8 RSF 100 MLD, Bed No. 9 3.5 3.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 15x102 18x102 1.2x102 0.8x102 1.0x102 2.0x102 0.6x102 0.9x102 1.0x102 1.1x102 0.6x102 0.7x102 0.5x102 0.6x102 1.5x102 1.0x102 0.8x102 0.7x102 2.2x102 1.5x102 1.8x102 1.5x102 1.0x102 0.8x102 0.7x102 0.7x102 0.4x102 1x102 1.1x102 8 5 6 10 5 7 6 6 7 5 10 6 8 9 8 5 16 10 10 12 6 6 8 7 6 Settling Tank No. 1 and other Filter units / beds were not operative 22 - 22 Table 22.3(a): Water Quality - Over Head Tank - Winter City : Varanasi Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Sampling Point 1 11-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 OHT-1 Chauka Ghat 2 11-Dec-01 OHT-2 Sheopur (Kadipur) 3 12-Dec-01 OHT-3 Lalpur 4 11-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 11-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 11-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 OHT-4 Paharia OHT-5 Mint House OHT-6 U.P. College 12-Dec-01 OHT-7 Natania Dai 5 6 7 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.8 TC FC (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) NS ND ND NS NS ND ND NS 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS ND ND ND NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS ND ND ND 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 NS NS ND NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND ND NS NS ND NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND ND 0.6 0.4 0.5 NS ND NS NS ND NS 0.5 NS NS 8 12-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 OHT-8 Varansi Club 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 NS NS ND ND ND NS NS ND ND ND 9 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 OHT-9 Maldahia (London Mission) 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 ND NS NS ND ND ND NS NS ND ND Contd.... 22 - 23 ...Contd. Table 22.3(a) Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Sampling Point 10 12-Dec-01 OHT-10 Benia Park 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 11 12-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 OHT-11 Bhogabir 12 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 OHT-12 Brij Enclave 13 12-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 OHT-13 Tulsipur 14 11-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 OHT-14 Bhelupur 15 12-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 OHT-15 Sonia 16 11-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 N.S. : No Sample OHT-16 Lahartara (Res. Cl 2 0.5 mg/L) 22 - 24 Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.6 TC FC (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) NS NS 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 NS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS 8 10 ND ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS NS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS 2 2 ND ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS 0.0 ND ND 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.0 10 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Table 22.3(b) : Water Quality - Clear Water and Service Reservoir-Winter City : Varanasi Sl. No. Sampling Date Sample ID No. Clear Water Reservoirs in WTP 1 12-Dec-01 WTP-40 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 2 12-Dec-01 WTP-41 13-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 Zonal Service Reservoirs 1 12-Dec-01 SR-1 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 2 12-Dec-01 SR-2 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 3 13-Dec-01 SR-3 14-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 4 12-Dec-01 SR-4 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 Sampling Point Res. Cl2 (mg/L) TC (CFU/100 ml) FC (CFU/100 ml) CWR (New) 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1.2 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ND NS ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ND NS ND CWR (Old) Gopal Bagh Benia Park Madagin Park Raj Ghat NS : No sampling (Res Cl2>0.5 mg/L) 22 - 25 Table 22.4 : Water Quality - Consumer Ends - Winter City : Varanasi Sl. Samplling Date No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 12-Jan-02 14-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 Location Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.6 1.0 2.0 0.2 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mint House Shivpur Sarnath Madanpura Lahartara B.H.U. Sonarpura Guru Bagh Gudaulia Lahuravir Maidagin Sigra 22 - 26 TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) 30 18 28 4 2 2 16 18 14 NS NS NS 4 6 6 22 20 12 NS NS NS NS ND NS NS 4 NS NS 4 NS ND ND ND 12 48 38 4 ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND NS NS NS 4 4 2 ND ND ND NS NS NS NS ND NS NS ND NS NS ND NS ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.4 Sl. Samplling Date No. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 11-Jan-02 13-Jan-02 15-Jan-02 Location Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.8 Dasaswamedh Assi Kamaccha Sikraul Nadeswar Dhoop Chandi Pandey Haweli Jagambari NS : No Sampling (Res Cl2 0.5 mg/L) 22 - 27 TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND NS 32 36 NS NS NS 114 120 112 2 2 2 18 6 4 NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS ND ND NS NS NS ND ND ND ND ND ND 12 4 2 NS NS NS NS NS NS 22 - 28 11-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Shivpura Lahartara T.W. No.1 Sonia Karaundhi Kakamatta Bhogabir Sundarpur Durga Kund Hartirath Benia Park, Tw No.3 Maidagin T.W. Park 1 Rajghat T.W. No. 3 Konia Ghat Chauka Ghat Gopal Bagh Panna lal Park Sarnath Shivpur Sampling point T.W. -20 R.P. Ghat T.W. -19 Ambalika Puri T.W. -18 T.W. -17 T.W. -16 T.W. -15 T.W. -14 T.W. -13 T.W. -12 T.W. -11 T.W. -10 T.W. -9 T.W. -8 T.W. -7 T.W. -6 T.W. -5 T.W. -4 T.W. -3 T.W. -2 T.W. -1 Sample ID No. ND : Not Detected Sampling date Sl. No. City : Varanasi 28.5 25.5 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 27.5 28.0 27.5 28.5 28.5 27.5 27.5 28.0 25.0 27.0 27.5 Temp o C 7.44 7.47 7.28 7.22 7.37 7.81 7.38 7.66 7.36 7.26 7.27 7.46 7.53 7.25 7.26 7.4 7.36 7.5 7.48 7.38 pH 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 1 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 363 602 563 852 556 537 540 554 569 649 1013 523 581 1168 933 535 788 583 524 985 263 308 358 413 336 324 341 384 330 373 590 324 340 650 604 384 447 311 318 631 180 180 220 220 260 180 180 240 180 200 260 220 240 180 240 290 260 240 240 220 188 276 204 288 256 164 180 160 180 208 316 196 188 348 248 304 228 224 164 304 46.5 33.7 51.3 52.9 59.3 30.5 22.4 28.9 22.4 48.1 56.1 36.9 22.4 60.9 32.1 481 25.6 40.1 36.9 40.1 17.5 33.1 18.5 37.9 26.2 21.4 30.2 21.4 30.2 21.4 42.8 25.3 32.1 47.7 40.9 44.7 39.9 30.2 17.5 49.6 14 17 6 45 6 11 9 26 11 9 37 6 14 103 71 14 37 14 9 50 13 11.6 9.8 33.8 6.6 3 8.2 4.2 3.8 16 60 5 14 84.8 81.6 12.6 41.6 14.6 5.8 74.8 0.1 0.4 0.33 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.21 0.5 0.41 0.59 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.23 0.1 0.21 0.21 0.5 0.55 0.48 11 13 14 14 12 10 12 10 10 10 23 11 11 25 22 13 13 13 2 22 2 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 2 2.5 2 2 2 3.5 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 ND 0.02 ND 0.01 0.02 0.02 ND 0.01 0.09 ND ND 0.07 ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.06 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.23 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 ND 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 ND ND ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND 0.06 ND ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Turb Cond TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 F Na K Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Table 22.5(a) : Water Quality - Tube Wells -Winter 96 ND 42 ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND 72 46 ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND TC (CFU/ 100ml) 22 ND ND 16 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 14 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND FC (CFU/ 100ml) ND 22 - 29 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 13-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 12-Dec-01 14-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 15-Dec-01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 HP-8 HP-7 HP-6 HP-5 HP-4 HP-3 HP-2 HP-1 Sample ID No. ND : Not Detected Sampl-ing date Sl. No. City : Varanasi 27.0 28.0 27.0 Temp o C PitraKunda Ram Krishna Hospital 26.0 27.0 Bari Piaria (Op. 27.0 Vivekanand School) Sankuldhara 27.0 (Op. Back Gate of Jal Sansthan) Lanka (Op. 27.5 Ramdas Gate) Kajjakpura (Harijan Basti) S/2/43 Piaria Pokharia Pandeypur (Nai Basti) Sampling point 7.66 7.46 7.88 7.32 7.24 7.04 7.54 7.47 pH 3.5 13 2 9 2 35 2 5.5 1189 817 1085 820 1530 2450 1088 708 612 393 666 507 909 1523 609 391 380 260 560 250 340 340 260 340 184 160 120 212 456 204 332 176 20.8 25.6 22.4 28.9 56.1 65.7 54.5 20.8 32.1 23.4 15.6 34.1 76.9 9.7 47.7 30.2 82 48 17 57 133 340 82 11 59 53 41 49 135 91 103 9 1.2 0.78 1.2 0.81 0.1 0.31 1.38 0.1 27 22 75 25 43 65 40 25 6 7.5 1 2 4.5 15.5 3.5 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.3 0.8 0.15 3.7 ND 0.8 ND ND ND 0.02 0.46 0.09 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND 0.02 ND 0.01 ND 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 ND 0.02 ND 0.02 ND ND 10 0.12 0.44 10.8 0.23 ND 0.03 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Turb Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 F Na K Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As (NTU) (ms/ cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Table 22.5 (b): Water Quality - Hand Pump - Winter ND 2 72 14 20 ND 2 TC (CFU/ 100ml) 4 ND ND ND ND 10 ND ND FC (CFU/ 100ml) ND 22 - 30 7-May-02 5 6-May-02 7-May-02 4 5 WTP-1 WTP-1 WTP-1 WTP-1 Inlet Channel Inlet Channel Inlet Channel Inlet Channel Intake Point Intake Point 7-May-02 WTP-41 2 CWR (Old) CWR (New) 30.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 30.5 30.5 30.5 31.0 30.5 7.77 7.84 8.05 8.00 8.05 7.93 8.05 8.02 8.00 8.02 8.08 1.0 0.6 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 3.5 5.5 590 630 604 581 408 392 400 384 639 639 580 600 550 603 284 288 348 390 358 361 280 280 250 250 290 240 280 260 250 300 250 300 188 192 156 160 164 152 156 160 164 160 152 152 26 32 48 50 50 48 50 50 48 50 50 48 32 27 9 9 10 8 8 9 11 9 7 8 51 53 49.33 51.65 49.53 51.05 49.63 49.68 52.57 50 52.47 49.63 39 33 50 48 52 47 52 44 43 43 43 43 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.20 0.13 0.10 0.17 0.13 39 36 50 47 50 47 50 50 45 49 48 47 5.5 4.5 8.5 11 10 9 9 11 8 10 9 9 7.8 7.6 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.0 8.2 7.8 7.6 8.0 7.8 7.8 15 15 16 15 16 17 16 16 17 17 16 16 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.0 1.0 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC FC (CFU/ 100ml) 4 x 102 1 x 103 4 x 102 3 NS NS NS NS 2 x 102 8 x 103 14 x 10 4 x 102 3 12 x 10 2 x 102 2 x 103 40 x 104 38 x 103 41 x 104 38 x 103 41 x 104 28 x 103 13 x 104 25 x 103 25 x 104 40 x 103 TC (CFU/ 100ml) ND : Not Detected ; NC : No Chlorination; All values except pH, Temp.,Turb & Cond., TC & FC are expressed in mg/L ; NS : No sampling ( Res.Cl 2 > 0.5 mg/L) 7-May-02 WTP-40 1 Source : Clear Water Reservoirs 5-May-02 4-May-02 3 2 IP IP Intake Point 30.0 31.0 312 6-May-02 4 IP Intake Point Intake Point Source : Inlet Channel in Water Treatment Plant, Bhelupur 1 2-May-02 WTP-1 Inlet 31.0 8.09 4.5 593 Channel 5-May-02 3 IP IP 388 4-May-02 2 pH 665 2-May-02 1 Sample Sampling Temp o ID No. point C Turb. Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Ca Mg Cl SO4 NO3 -N PO4 -P F Na K DO COD Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As Res.Cl2 (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) Hard (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Source : Intake Point in River Ganga at Bhadaini Pumping Station Sampling date Sl. No. City : Varanasi Table 22.6 : Water Quality - Water Treatment Plant - Summer Table 22.7 : Water Quality Treatment Stages - Summer City : Varanasi Sl. No. Sampling Date 1 - Sampling Date Sedimentation Tank (S.T.) 2 Sedimentation Tank (S.T.) 3 Sedimentation Tank (S.T.) Rapid Gravity Filter 150 MLD Source Sampling Turbidity TC FC Point (NTU) (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) Settled water * Settled water * Settled water * 1 6-May-02 WTP-5 Filter Bed No.1 Filtered Water 0.7 4.0x102 20 2 6-May-02 WTP-6 Filter Bed No.2 Filtered Water 0.5 2.3x102 12 3 6-May-02 WTP-7 Filter Bed No.3 Filtered Water 0.6 2.6x102 10 4 7-May-02 WTP-8 Filter Bed No.4 Filtered Water 0.7 4.2x102 22 5 7-May-02 WTP-9 Filter Bed No.5 Filtered Water 0.6 5.2x102 26 6 7-May-02 WTP-10 Filter Bed No.6 Filtered Water 0.5 6.6x102 16 7 7-May-02 WTP-11 Filter Bed No.7 Filtered Water 0.5 3.5x102 10 8 7-May-02 WTP-12 Filter Bed No.8 Filtered Water 0.4 5.4x102 5 9 7-May-02 WTP-13 Filter Bed No.9 Filtered Water 0.4 5.0x102 32 10 7-May-02 WTP-14 Filter Bed No.10 Filtered Water 0.5 6.2x102 25 11 7-May-02 WTP-15 Filter Bed No.11 Filtered Water 0.5 6.6x102 25 15 - Filter Bed No. 3 Filter Bed No. 6 * 0.6 12 6-May-02 WTP-17 Filter Bed No. 12 Filtered Water 0.6 3.2x102 15 13 6-May-02 WTP-18 Filter Bed No. 13 Filtered Water 0.7 3.0x102 5 18 - WTP-18 Filter Bed No. 13 * Ns 3.2x102 19 - WTP-18 Filter Bed No. 13 * Contd.... 22 - 31 ...Contd. Table 22.7 Sl. No. Sampling Date Sampling Date Rapid Gravity Filter 100 MLD 1 7-May-02 WTP-20 Source Sampling Turbidity TC FC Point (NTU) (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) Filter Bed No. 1 Filtered Water 0.7 4.4x102 20 2 6-May-02 WTP-21 Filter Bed No. 2 Filtered Water 0.7 4.2x102 18 3 7-May-02 WTP-22 Filter Bed No. 3 Filtered Water 0.7 5.4x102 22 4 7-May-02 WTP-23 Filter Bed No. 4 Filtered Water 0.4 5.8x102 20 5 7-May-02 WTP-24 Filter Bed No. 5 Filtered Water 0.5 6.0x102 24 6 7-May-02 WTP-25 Filter Bed No. 6 Filtered Water 0.4 5.4x102 15 7 7-May-02 WTP-26 Filter Bed No. 7 Filtered Water 0.5 3.8x102 16 8 6-May-02 WTP-27 Filter Bed No. 8 Filtered Water 0.5 3.0x102 10 9 6-May-02 WTP-28 Filter Bed No. 9 Filtered Water 0.6 3.2x102 16 10 6-May-02 WTP-29 Filter Bed No. 10 Filtered Water 0.58 1.5x102 9 Filter Bed No. 1 Filtered Water 0.9 Rapid Gravity Filter, 61.5 MLD 1 6-May-02 WTP-30 Sedimentation Tanks & other filter beds were non operative, NS : No sampling 22 - 32 4.8 x 102 26 Table 22.8 : Water Quality - Clear Water and Service Reservoirs -Summer City : Varanasi Sl. No. Sampling Date Sample ID No Sampling Point Res-Cl2 (mg/L) TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 0 0 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 0 0 NS NS Clear Water Reservoires at WTP 1 3-May-02 WTP-40 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 7-May-02 2 3-May-02 WTP-41 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 7-May-02 Zonal Service Reservoirs 3 4 5 6 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 7-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 7-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 7-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 7-May-02 NS : No Sampling CWR -1 (New) CWR -2 (Old) SR-1 Gopal Bagh SR-2 Benia Park SR-3 Maidagin Park SR-4 Raj Ghat (Res. Cl 2 >_0.5 mg/L) 22 - 33 Table 22.9 : Water Quality - Consumer Ends - Summer City : Varanasi Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Samplling Date 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 Sample ID No. CE-1 Sampling Point CE-2 Chauka Ghat CE-3 Panna Lal Park CE-4 Sheo Pur CE-5 Paharia CE-6 Sarnath CE-7 Mint House CE-8 Natania Dai CE-9 Sikarul Gopal Bagh 6-May-02 22 - 34 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 TC (CFU/100ml) 4 ND 6 ND ND ND 2 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 ND 2 ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND 10 ND 20 ND ND 40 ND 20 8 NS FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 ND 6 ND ND 6 ND 2 ND NS 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 ND ND NS ND ND 6 ND 20 NS ND ND NS ND ND 3 ND 4 NS 0.2 ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.9 Sl. No. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Samplling Date 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 Sample ID No. CE-10 Sampling Point CE-11 Benia Park Nadesar CE-12 Maidagin Park CE-13 Raj Ghat CE-14 Konia CE-15 Pilikothi CE-16 Jalalipura CE-17 Nati Imali CE-18 Macchhodari 22 - 35 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.0 1.0 TC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND NS NS FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND NS NS 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 ND NS NS ND NS ND ND ND NS NS ND ND NS NS ND NS ND ND ND NS NS ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.9 Sl. No. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Samplling Date 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 Sample ID No. CE-19 Sampling Point CE-20 Chowk CE-21 Durga Kund CE-22 Sundar Pur CE-23 Sonar Pura CE-24 B.H.U. CE-25 Guru Bagh CE-26 Assi CE-27 Kamacchha Bhaisasur 22 - 36 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 4.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 TC (CFU/100ml) ND ND NS NS ND NS ND ND NS ND ND 10 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS ND ND NS ND 40 ND 20 12 NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND ND NS ND ND ND ND FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND NS NS ND NS ND ND NS ND ND 4 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS ND ND NS ND 20 ND 0 10 NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND ND NS ND ND ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.9 Sl. No. 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Samplling Date 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 Sample ID No. CE-28 Sampling Point CE-29 Bhelupur CE-30 Bhadaini CE-31 Sonia CE-32 Lahartara CE-33 Pitar Kunda CE-34 Madan Pura CE-35 Gudaulia CE-36 Lahurabir Pandey Haweli Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 TC (CFU/100ml) NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND ND 7 28 ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS 6 ND NS ND ND ND ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS FC (CFU/100ml) NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND ND 7 2 ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS 2 ND NS ND ND ND ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Contd.... 22 - 37 ...Contd. Table 22.9 Sl. No. 37 Samplling Date Sample ID No. CE-37 Sampling Point 2-May-02 Sigra 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 38 2-May-02 CE-38 Dasaswamedh 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 39 2-May-02 CE-39 Pisach Mochan 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 40 2-May-02 CE-40 Rath Yatra 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 N.S. : No Sampling (Res. Cl2 0.5 mg/L) ; ND : Not done 22 - 38 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TC (CFU/100ml) 6 ND 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 16 16 ND ND 114 40 20 ND 8 FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 8 8 ND ND 80 30 10 ND 8 22 - 39 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Hartirath Jalali Pura Madagin Park T.W. No.1 Benia Park T.W. No. 3 Mint House Sarnath (Kalchakra) Lalpur TW No.1 Kadipur TW No. 2 Panna lal Park Commission Court Chauka Ghat Gopal Bagh Sampling point TW-15 TW-14 Pili Kothi Konia Ghat TW-13 Raj Ghat TW No. 3 TW-12 TW-11 TW-10 TW-9 TW-8 TW-7 TW-6 TW-5 TW-4 TW-3 TW-2 TW-1 Sampling Sample date ID No. Sl. No. City : Varanasi 30 29.5 29 30 28 29 29 29 28 28 30 29 28 28.5 31 31 32 32 29.5 29 30 30 31 31 30 29.5 28.5 28 29 29 Temp o C 7.56 7.55 7.20 7.14 7.14 7.17 7.60 7.65 7.27 7.28 7.16 7.22 7.40 7.45 7.60 7.56 7.53 7.44 7.25 7.26 7.20 7.16 7.44 7.43 7.47 7.52 7.45 7.43 7.40 7.41 pH 0.55 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.45 0.40 0.50 0.65 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.35 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.45 0.40 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.70 0.50 512 504 482 578 490 575 764 764 454 450 968 975 758 762 665 677 310 314 408 401 580 568 526 526 690 700 456 462 755 747 324 321 248 274 253 274 497 492 319 320 609 604 471 472 432 434 230 230 292 294 346 340 236 242 435 440 318 318 385 383 330 340 280 275 280 280 260 260 310 320 270 270 300 300 320 320 250 250 350 340 345 340 300 300 350 350 440 450 270 270 200 200 208 220 212 220 348 352 248 252 416 420 304 304 308 300 220 216 244 240 252 248 220 220 312 312 268 272 296 300 35 35 38 35 39 35 35 36 35 35 48 48 45 45 52 50 41 41 47 48 35 35 31 31 50 50 32 32 51 51 27 27 27 32 27 32 64 64 39 40 72 73 47 47 43 43 28 28 30 29 40 39 35 35 46 46 46 47 41 42 23 23 8 10 7 10 92 92 21 21 149 151 71 73 62 61 10 10 7 7 50 50 19 20 67 68 14 14 44 43 10 11 12 96 13 97 32 32 26 23 127 125 83 84 72 74 9 9 16 15 37 35 13 12 45 46 15 15 38 38 0.17 0.18 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.62 0.66 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.18 0.84 0.82 0.62 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.24 0.20 0.55 0.29 0.54 0.31 0.10 0.09 0.61 0.65 0.82 0.72 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.13 0.20 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.13 0.13 0.42 0.40 0.31 0.31 27 26 28 20 28 20 36 35 26 26 50 50 47 47 45 47 16 16 22 21 28 26 21 20 36 37 25 25 26 25 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 3.5 3.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Turb. Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 NO3 -N PO4 -P F Na K (mg/L) Phenol (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Mn (mg/L) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Fe (mg/L) Table 22.10 (a) : Water Quality Tube Wells - Summer ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 22 - 40 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Sampling point Gulab Bagh Chhedi Lal Park Preksha Grah Lahartara TW No.2 Sonia Shivpurwa Amabalika Puri R.P. Ghat Ravindra Puri Bhadaini Ratnakar Park Karaundhi Kakarmatta Bhogabir Sundar Pur Durga Kund 32.0 31.5 30.5 30.5 30.0 30.5 30.5 31.0 32.0 32.0 30.0 30.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.5 29.5 29.5 30.0 30.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 31.0 30.0 30.5 31.0 31.0 30.5 30.0 30.0 30.0 28.0 28.0 Temp o C 7.45 7.50 7.52 7.46 7.41 7.45 7.25 7.30 7.12 7.15 7.26 7.20 7.57 7.50 7.56 7.52 7.48 7.43 7.80 7.80 7.82 7.84 7.70 7.70 7.16 7.10 7.40 7.47 7.80 7.82 7.80 7.77 7.50 7.55 pH 0.45 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.40 0.50 0.45 0.30 0.35 0.50 0.60 697 694 936 941 527 530 605 604 830 828 350 355 566 570 386 390 654 648 697 699 650 652 415 418 322 326 355 355 375 370 430 437 621 622 334 340 418 414 264 264 336 332 380 382 184 194 284 282 206 206 300 298 340 344 304 300 220 220 144 142 180 182 188 186 370 374 314 310 340 340 350 350 360 365 320 320 310 310 310 310 310 310 200 200 250 250 260 265 280 280 240 240 290 295 310 300 310 300 325 330 290 290 260 260 312 316 240 240 184 180 276 280 216 216 240 240 168 172 196 192 184 188 240 240 220 220 232 232 208 208 204 200 236 240 304 300 21 21 34 34 32 32 42 42 38 38 27 27 37 37 48 48 51 51 40 41 83 83 42 40 42 42 56 56 42 42 47 48 48 48 51 51 55 56 39 39 19 18 44 45 36 36 35 36 12 12 17 16 20 21 8 8 28 29 31 31 17 17 24 23 29 29 45 45 25 26 78 78 14 16 20 20 20 43 7 7 14 14 14 14 17 16 31 31 43 43 10 10 17 18 14 14 11 11 23 24 53 54 44 46 18 17 6 8 18 17 43 43 7 7 6 6 13 13 14 13 23 23 41 40 8 8 7 8 9 8 8 8 17 17 61 62 0.44 0.42 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.27 0.25 0.82 0.75 0.10 0.05 0.28 0.30 0.20 0.16 0.40 0.42 0.39 0.37 0.07 0.08 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.25 0.20 0.35 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.16 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.70 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.12 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.05 0.04 0.20 0.17 0.10 0.10 0.57 0.57 0.54 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.32 0.28 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.28 0.28 0.20 0.17 0.10 0.15 0.54 0.57 0.65 0.70 0.20 0.19 0.10 0.10 0.31 0.28 22 22 19 18 18 18 27 26 20 20 26 26 31 30 25 26 25 25 36 36 42 41 15 15 17 18 18 18 27 26 25 26 32 32 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 6.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 11.5 12.0 5.5 5.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Turb. Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 NO3 -N PO4 -P F Na K (mg/L) Phenol (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Mn (mg/L) Fe (mg/L) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) ND : Not Detected ; All values except pH, Temp, Turb, Cond, TC, TFC are expessed in mg/L. TW-32 TW-31 TW-30 TW-29 TW-28 TW-27 TW-26 TW-25 TW-24 TW-23 TW-22 TW-21 TW-20 TW-19 TW-18 TW-17 TW-16 Nati Imli TW No. 1 Sampling Sample date ID No. Sl. No. ...Contd. Table 22.10(a) Table 22.10 (b) : Water Quality -Tube Wells - Summer City : Varanasi Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Sampling Point Res.Cl2 (mg/L) TC (CFU/100ml) 1 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 TW-1 Gopal Bagh TW-2 Chauka Ghat TW-3 Commissione ry Court TW-4 Pannalal Park TW-5 Kadipur TW No. 2 TW-6 Lal Pur TW No. 1 TW-7 Sarnath (Kalchakra) TW-8 Mint House TW-9 Benia Park TW No 3 BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 ND ND 10 18 50 70 20 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 22 - 41 FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 20 40 12 12 ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.10(b) Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Sampling Point Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 10 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 TW-10 Maidagin Park T.W. No. 1 TW-11 Jalalipura TW-12 Hartirath TW-13 Raj Ghat TW No. 3 TW-14 Konia Ghat TW-15 Pili Kothi TW-16 Nati Imli TW No. 1 TW-17 Durga Kund TW-18 Sundarpur TW-19 Bhogabir BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 - 42 TC FC (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 2 2 ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 26 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 2 2 ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.10(b) Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Sampling Point Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 20 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 TW-20 Kakarmatta TW-21 Karaundhi TW-22 Ratnakar Park TW-23 Bhadaini TW-24 Ravindra Puri TW-25 R. P. Ghat TW-26 Ambalika Puri TW-27 Shiv Purwa TW-28 Sonia TW-29 Lahartara TW No.2 BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 22 - 43 TC FC (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 8 ND ND ND ND 20 ND 44 ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND 30 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 4 ND ND ND ND 16 ND 28 ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.10(b) Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Sampling Point Res.Cl2 (mg/L) 30 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 2-May-02 3-May-02 4-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 TW-30 Preksha Grah TW-31 Chhedilal Park TW-32 Gulab Bagh BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC 31 32 BC : Before Chlorination 22 - 44 TC FC (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 22 - 45 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 6-May-02 5-May-02 5-May-02 4-May-02 HP-16 HP-15 HP-14 HP-13 HP-12 HP-11 HP-10 HP-9 HP-8 HP-7 HP-6 HP-5 HP-4 HP-3 HP-2 HP-1 Sample ID No. Lahartara Sonia Pitar Kunda Laksha Sundarpur Durgakund Sankul Dhara Lanka Nati Imli Bhaisasur Bari Piari Kajjakpura Golghar Sarnath Piaria Pokharia Pandey Pur Sampling point 30 30.5 30.5 30 30.5 30 30 30 30.5 31 31.5 31 30 30 31 31 30 30.5 30.5 30 30 29 30.5 30 30.5 30.5 30.5 30 31.5 31 30 30 Temp o C 7.6 7.6 7.1 7.0 7.5 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.3 7.9 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.3 6.9 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.2 pH 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.70 0.80 0.60 0.70 0.60 2.50 3.00 0.90 1.00 0.40 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.90 0.60 1.00 0.50 3.50 4.00 6.00 5.00 1.00 0.60 2.00 1.50 0.80 0.50 2.00 2.50 867 860 1200 1203 1245 1240 1228 1223 1260 1266 1442 1450 1134 1136 887 887 1481 1472 718 711 1450 1460 2264 2250 1070 1074 446 455 1165 1158 1400 1385 518 516 666 662 660 660 726 724 736 734 872 872 805 810 498 494 850 848 378 372 840 836 1240 1238 678 675 330 332 584 582 812 806 380 380 305 300 455 460 390 400 430 420 370 370 660 660 435 430 400 400 400 400 320 320 395 390 500 500 375 370 330 330 650 660 140 136 274 270 260 260 384 380 290 290 276 280 140 136 280 284 380 384 148 140 412 412 624 620 228 228 224 224 312 308 208 212 26 26 35 35 39 38 35 35 44 44 38 40 25 24 37 37 42 42 35 35 67 66 40 40 33 32 34 34 36 37 31 31 18 17 45 44 40 40 72 71 44 44 44 44 19 18 46 47 67 68 15 13 59 60 127 126 35 36 34 34 54 52 32 33 28 28 82 79 92 92 132 135 99 99 112 113 14 14 50 50 156 156 325 326 157 156 128 128 115 113 28 28 42 40 99 99 42 40 24 24 54 53 105 103 42 40 46 46 24 24 34 35 72 72 30 29 86 87 183 181 40 40 13 14 47 46 68 67 Turb Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.58 0.60 0.84 0.88 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.90 0.75 0.78 0.98 0.95 0.26 0.28 0.75 0.75 0.68 0.70 0.54 0.52 0.72 0.70 0.92 0.96 0.64 0.60 0.25 0.25 0.82 0.80 0.92 0.90 0.11 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.12 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.33 0.30 0.36 0.36 0.43 0.46 1.20 1.17 0.80 0.82 0.72 0.75 0.56 0.53 1.32 1.29 0.65 0.61 0.16 0.10 0.54 0.54 0.13 0.10 0.33 0.36 0.13 0.10 0.90 1.00 0.16 0.13 35 36 135 135 61 63 79 80 54 55 76 75 50 50 50 48 93 90 30 29 67 65 124 120 112 110 16 15 65 64 102 100 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 4.5 5.0 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.5 4.0 48.5 47.0 54.5 54.5 45.0 44.0 4.0 4.0 9.0 9.5 2.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NO3-N PO4-P F Na K Phenol Fe Mn Cu (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Table 22.10 (c) : Water Quality - Hand Pumps - Summer ND : Not Detected ; All values except pH, Turb., Temp, Cond., TC & FC are expressed in mg/L., - : Not done 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 4-May-02 1 5-May-02 Sampling date Sl. No. City : Varanasi ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Cd (mg/L) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Cr (mg/L) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Pb Zn As (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 16 18 ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 40 10 20 60 120 ND ND ND 26 2 10 ND ND ND ND TC (CFU/ 100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND FC (CFU/ 100ml) 22 - 46 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 2 3 4 5 IP IP IP IP IP Sample ID No. do- do- do- do- Intake Point Sampling point 29.5 30.0 30.0 29.5 29.0 Temp o C 7.52 7.75 7.6 7.45 7.36 pH 12 17 15 15 10 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 2 3 4 5 WTP-1 WTP-1 WTP-1 WTP-1 WTP-1 do- do- do- do- Inlet channel 30 30.0 30.0 29.5 29.5 30.0 30.5 7.85 7.98 7.48 7.8 7.58 7.4 7.34 5 4 10 12 12 13 10 385 364 372 340 345 375 388 244 230 220 260 274 240 256 228 256 280 258 284 120 130 145 150 150 155 160 150 155 150 150 160 80 84 72 84 72 88 92 80 88 76 88 96 24 24 23 24 23 24 24 24 24 23 24 25 6 6 7 6 4 7 8 5 7 5 7 8 21 21 23 20 21 20 18 21 18 21 18 18 28 29 26 25 24 26 30 25 24 24 23 29 SO4 (mg/L) 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.14 NO3-N (mg/L) 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.22 PO4-P (mg/L) 0.50 0.47 0.50 0.55 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.54 0.50 0.47 0.43 18 18 20 16 16 20 23 18 16 15 21 25 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 6.2 6.0 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.2 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.2 16 16 17 16 17 15 15 17 17 14 15 14 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.1 1.2 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC F Na K DO COD Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As Res.Cl2 (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) ND : Not detected ; NC : No Chlorination ; NS No Sampling (Res.Cl2 > 0.5 mg/L) ; All values except pH, Temp. Cond. TC & TFC are expressed in mg/L., - : Not done 13-Dec-01 WTP-41 CWR (Old) 2 CWR (new) 13-Dec-01 WTP-40 1 Source : Clear Water Reservoir 31-Jul-02 1 380 336 345 408 425 Turb. Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Source : Inlet Channel in Water Treatment Plant, Bhelupur 31-Jul-02 1 Sl. Sampling No. date City : Varanasi Table 22.11 : Water Quality - Water Treatment Plant - Monsoon 18x102 60x102 11x10 3 26x103 50x103 25x103 20x103 3 4 3 8x102 2x103 2x103 8x103 9x103 NS NS NS 12x102 3x103 10x103 NS 10x102 14x103 80x10 10x10 15x10 FC (CFU/ 100ml) TC (CFU/ 100ml) Table 22.12 : Water Quality Treatment Stages - Monsoon City : Varanasi Sl. No. Sampling Date Sample ID No. Source 1 1-Aug-02 WTP-5 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 1 Turbidity TC FC (NTU) (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) 3.5 1.3x102 64 2 66 2 1-Aug-02 WTP-6 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 2 3.5 3 1-Aug-02 WTP-7 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 3 3.5 2 0.8x10 40 4 1-Aug-02 WTP-8 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 4 3.0 1.6x102 55 2 1.2x10 5 6 1-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 WTP-9 WTP-10 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 5 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 6 2.5 9.0 1.0x10 1.2x102 60 42 7 2-Aug-02 WTP-11 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 7 4.5 3.0x102 40 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 WTP-12 WTP-13 WTP-14 WTP-15 WTP-16 WTP-17 WTP-18 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 8 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 9 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 10 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 11 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 12 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 13 RGF 150 MLD, Bed No. 14 4.5 3.5 4.5 2.5 4.3 6.3 3.0 2 2.6x10 4.0x102 3.4x102 1.6x102 1.5x102 1.8x102 0.7x102 28 28 35 18 42 48 30 15 16 17 2-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 WTP-19 WTP-20 WTP-21 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 1 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 2 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 3 4.0 2.5 4.0 2.0x102 2.2x102 0.5x102 22 8 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 WTP-22 WTP-23 WTP-24 WTP-25 WTP-26 WTP-27 WTP-28 WTP-29 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 4 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 5 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 6 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 7 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 8 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 9 RGF 100 MLD, Bed No. 10 RGF 61.5 MLD, Bed No.1 1.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 6.0 4.5 1.4x102 1.0x102 2.0x102 0.9x102 2.0x102 2.6x102 2.4x102 5.0x102 52 62 18 54 42 36 36 38 26 3-Aug-02 WTP-30 RGF 61.5 MLD, Bed No.2 6.5 5.2x102 58 27 28 3-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 WTP-31 WTP-32 RGF 61.5 MLD, Bed No.2 RGF 61.5 MLD, Bed No.4 4.5 5.0 4.6x102 2.8x102 44 25 Sedimentation Tanks & other filter units/beds were non operative, Sulphate is not tested in filtered water as alum is not being used; NS : No Sampling 22 - 47 Table 22.13(a) : Water Quality - Over Head Tank - Monsoon City : Varanasi Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. 1 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 OHT-1 Chauka Ghat OHT-2 Sheopur (Kadipur) OHT-3 Lalpur OHT-4 Paharia OHT-5 Mint House OHT-6 U.P. College OHT-7 Natania Dai 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 Sampling Point OHT-8 Varanasi Club OHT-9 Maldahia (London Mission) 22 - 48 Res. Cl2 TC FC (mg/L) (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS NS ND ND ND ND ND NS ND ND NS ND NS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS NS ND ND ND ND ND NS ND ND NS ND NS ND ND ND 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 * * * * * NS NS ND ND ND ND ND NS * * * * * NS NS ND ND ND ND ND NS * * * * * Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.13(a) Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. 10 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 30.7.2002 31.7.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 31.7.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 1.8.2002 2.8.2002 3.8.2002 4.8.2002 5.8.2002 OHT-10 Benia Park OHT-11 Bhogabir OHT-12 Brij Enclave OHT-13 Tulsipur OHT-14 Bhelupur OHT-15 Sonia OHT-16 Lahartara 11 12 13 14 15 16 N.S. : No Sample ; Res. Cl 2 Sampling Point Res. Cl2 TC FC (mg/L) (CFU/100ml) (CFU/100ml) 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 NC NC NC NC NC 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 6 NS NS ND NS NS NS NS NS NS ND 30 NS NS NS ND NS NS ND ND NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS NS ND ND NS ND NS 0.5 mg/L; *OHT was not operative during survey period 22 - 49 ND NS NS ND NS NS NS NS NS NS ND 4 NS NS NS ND NS NS ND ND NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS NS ND ND NS ND NS Table 22.13(b) : Water Quality Clear Water and Zonal Service Reservoirs Monsoon City : Varanasi Sl. No. Sampling Date Sample ID No. Clear Water Reservoires in WTP 1 31-Jul-02 WTP-39 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 2 31-Jul-02 WTP-39 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 Zonal Service Reservoirs 1 30-Jul-02 SR-1 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 2 31-Jul-02 SR-2 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 3 30-Jul-02 SR-3 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4 30-Jul-02 SR-4 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 Sampling Point Res-Cl2 (mg/L) TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) CWR -1 (New) 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 ND ND ND NS NS ND NS NS ND NS ND NS ND ND NS ND ND ND ND NS ND ND ND NS NS ND NS NS ND NS ND NS ND ND NS ND ND ND ND NS CWR -2 (Old) Gopal Bagh Benia Park Maidagin Park Raj Ghat NS : No Sampling (Res Cl2 >0.5 mg/L) 22 - 50 Table 22.14 :Water Quality - Consumer Ends - Monsoon City : Varanasi Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Location 1 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 CE-1 Gopal Bagh CE-2 Chauka Ghat CE-3 Panna Lal Park CE-4 Sheo Pur CE-5 Paharia CE-6 Sarnath CE-7 Mint House CE-8 Natania Dai CE-9 Sikarul 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 22 - 51 Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) 2 ND ND ND 4 6 ND 4 ND 4 ND ND NS NS ND 10 ND 46 ND 10 ND NS NS ND NS 10 ND 16 ND ND ND 6 26 NS NS ND ND ND NS ND ND ND ND 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND NS NS ND 4 ND 8 ND 3 ND NS NS ND NS 2 ND 4 ND ND ND ND 4 NS NS ND ND ND NS ND ND ND ND 6 ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.14 Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Location 10 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 CE-10 Nadesar CE-11 Benia Park CE-12 Maidagin Park CE-13 Raj Ghat CE-14 Konia CE-15 Pilikothi CE-16 Jalalipura CE-17 Nati Imali CE-18 Macchhodari 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 22 - 52 Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS NS NS ND ND NS 20 ND ND 12 ND ND ND 10 ND ND NS NS NS NS NS ND ND NS ND NS ND NS ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS NS NS ND ND NS 0 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NS NS NS NS NS ND ND NS NS ND NS NS ND ND ND ND 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 ND NS ND ND ND NS ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.14 Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Location 19 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 CE-19 Bhaisasur CE-20 Chowk CE-21 Durga Kund CE-22 Sundar Pur CE-23 Sonar Pura CE-24 B.H.U. CE-25 Guru Bagh CE-26 Assi CE-27 Kamacchha 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND NS NS NS ND NS ND ND ND 10 4 NS ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 40 ND 20 12 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ND ND ND NS NS NS ND NS ND ND ND 8 2 NS ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS ND 20 ND 6 10 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Contd.... 22 - 53 ...Contd. Table 22.14 Sl. No. Samplling Date Sample ID No. Location 28 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 CE-28 Pandey Haweli CE-29 Bhelupur CE-30 Bhadaini CE-31 Sonia CE-32 Lahartara CE-33 Pitar Kunda CE-34 Madan Pura CE-35 Gudaulia CE-36 Lahurabir 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 TC (CFU/100ml) FC (CFU/100ml) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 40 26 50 16 84 ND ND ND ND ND NS ND NS 10 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 30 10 38 12 56 ND ND ND ND ND NS ND NS 4 ND NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Contd.... 22 - 54 ...Contd. Table 22.14 Sl. No. 37 38 39 40 Samplling Date 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 NS : No Sampling (Res. Cl Sample ID No. CE-37 Location CE-38 Dasaswamedh CE-39 Pisach Mochan CE-40 Rath Yatra 2 Sigra Res. Cl2 (mg/L) 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TC (CFU/100ml) 4 ND 8 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 16 12 ND 8 86 68 20 ND 8 FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND 4 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 4 2 ND 2 22 12 6 ND 2 0.5 mg/L) ; NC : No chlorination as dozer was not functional. 22 - 55 22 - 56 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Sampling Date Sl. No. TW-20 TW-19 TW-18 TW-17 TW-16 TW-15 TW-14 TW-13 TW-12 TW-11 TW-10 TW-9 TW-8 TW-7 TW-6 TW-5 TW-4 TW-3 TW-2 TW-1 Sample ID No. City : Varanasi Kakarmatta Bhogabir Sundar Pur Durga Kund Nati Imli TW No. 1 Pili Kothi Konia Ghat Raj Ghat TW No. 3 Hartirath Jalali Pura Madagin Park T.W. No.1 Benia Park T.W. No. 3 Mint House Sarnath (Kalchakra) Lalpur TW No.1 Kadipur TW No. 2 Panna lal Park Commission Court Chauka Ghat Gopal Bagh Sampling point 29.0 28.0 28.5 27.5 28.0 27.5 28.0 28.0 28.0 27.5 28.0 27.0 27.5 26.5 28.0 27.5 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.5 27.5 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 26.5 27.0 27.0 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 28 27.5 27.5 27.5 Temp o C 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 pH 0.7 7.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 2.0 2.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1316 1325 759 750 874 870 900 906 1280 1270 592 585 598 592 956 950 1089 1072 1332 1330 738 738 1069 1060 640 642 599 595 780 784 850 850 712 710 591 592 630 630 559 560 938 940 460 460 572 570 566 564 750 748 374 374 384 382 630 630 856 850 882 872 348 352 590 594 432 424 330 330 420 416 448 458 534 530 354 350 360 360 330 326 400 390 380 390 350 350 340 340 320 310 270 280 300 290 310 310 320 310 290 300 350 350 330 320 310 310 330 330 430 430 350 340 270 270 260 260 290 280 270 280 192 192 120 120 120 116 120 120 136 132 84 84 64 64 144 140 144 144 220 212 92 92 152 152 104 100 88 88 112 112 120 116 80 80 68 72 52 52 64 64 18 18 22 22 29 28 32 32 11 12 18 18 13 13 18 18 19 18 35 34 11 11 14 15 29 29 14 14 14 14 13 13 16 15 16 16 14 14 18 18 36 36 14 14 12 11 19 19 26 25 11 11 8 8 24 23 23 24 32 31 16 16 28 28 8 7 13 13 19 19 21 20 10 10 7 8 6 6 5 5 81 84 24 22 34 34 58 55 116 120 28 25 21 22 21 24 27 30 58 62 23 20 87 89 11 12 9 11 21 20 58 60 24 22 14 14 10 12 23 25 52 50 16 16 25 25 28 26 64 60 11 14 9 12 73 75 104 100 115 106 22 18 102 100 9 16 11 12 28 25 57 54 20 22 7 10 8 10 6 6 0.72 0.70 0.93 0.90 0.52 0.52 0.50 0.46 0.71 0.76 0.17 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.47 0.47 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.15 0.2 0.26 0.32 0.40 0.27 0.27 0.17 0.20 0.11 0.15 Turb. Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 NO3-N (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.12 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.05 PO4-P (mg/L) 0.29 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.05 0.05 0.65 0.7 0.29 0.36 0.17 0.17 0.72 0.65 0.44 0.48 0.55 0.57 0.65 0.7 0.65 0.65 0.29 0.29 0.7 0.7 0.55 0.48 0.17 0.17 0.48 0.55 0.65 0.57 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.50 0.65 0.70 104 102 30 28 29 30 17 17 152 150 19 17 16 17 50 50 68 65 44 44 16 15 35 36 12 12 9 9 20 19 53 54 27 26 19 19 22 22 11 10 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3 3.0 3 4.0 3 3.0 2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND F Na K Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Table 22.15 (a) : Water Quality - Tube Wells - Monsoon 22 - 57 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 2-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 3-Jul-02 4-Jul-02 21 TW-32 TW-31 TW-30 TW-29 TW-28 TW-27 TW-26 TW-25 TW-24 TW-23 TW-22 TW-21 Sample ID No. Gulab Bagh Chhedi Lal Park Preksha Grah Lahartara TW No.2 Sonia Shivpurwa Amabalika Puri R.P. Ghat Ravindra Puri Bhadaini Ratnakar Park Karaundhi Sampling point 28.5 27.50 28.00 27.50 28.5 28.00 29.50 29.00 28.5 28.50 27.5 27.50 27.00 27.50 28.00 28.00 28.50 28.00 28 28.50 28.00 28.00 28.5 28.00 Temp o C 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 8.1 8.0 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.9 7.9 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.6 pH 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 603 607 778 782 742 739 658 652 454 450 724 726 646 646 968 967 682 682 618 616 1083 1080 803 802 348 340 404 400 570 576 372 370 258 260 552 552 460 454 478 468 422 410 312 302 600 608 398 406 290 290 300 310 300 310 310 310 210 220 330 320 310 320 350 350 320 330 320 320 330 330 330 340 92 92 100 100 80 84 104 104 44 44 92 92 60 60 124 124 48 48 104 104 160 156 104 104 13 14 19 19 22 22 18 18 13 12 18 18 11 10 14 13 16 15 26 24 16 15 13 14 15 14 13 13 6 7 15 15 3 3 12 12 8 9 21 22 2 2 10 11 29 29 18 17 18 20 36 38 31 31 21 22 9 9 17 19 10 13 47 45 10 12 11 11 81 82 24 26 6 8 23 25 39 40 30 28 11 13 11 10 17 17 11 13 7 10 7 8 110 104 25 28 0.13 0.16 0.05 0.03 0.3 0.35 0.31 0.38 0.12 0.1 0.23 0.24 0.04 0.06 0.65 0.6 0.16 0.18 0.06 0.06 0.1 0.12 0.34 0.3 Turb. Cond. TDS T. Alk T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 NO3-N (NTU) (ms/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.16 0.09 0.08 PO4-P (mg/L) 0.50 0.57 0.25 0.29 0.36 0.36 0.70 0.70 0.37 0.29 0.25 0.28 0.25 0.29 0.50 0.50 0.57 0.55 0.50 0.57 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.25 23 22 24 24 33 35 14 14 16 18 27 29 25 24 40 38 17 15 15 14 48 50 30 31 3 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND F Na K Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) ND : Not Detected ; All values except pH, Temp. Turb. & Cond. TC & FC are expressed in mg/L. 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 Sampling Date Sl. No. ...Contd. Table 22.15(a) Table 22.15 (b) : Water Quality -Tube Wells - Monsoon City : Varanasi Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Samplling Date 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 Sample ID No. TW-1 Sampling Point TW-2 Chauka Ghat TW-3 Commissionery Court TW-4 Pannalal Park TW-5 Kadipur TW No. 2 TW-6 Lal Pur TW No. 1 TW-7 Sarnath (Kalchakra) TW-8 Mint House TW-9 Benia Park TW No 3 Gopal Bagh 22 - 58 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC TC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND 20 ND 6 ND ND ND 8 40 ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND 40 24 ND ND ND 60 ND ND ND ND 50 ND 12 ND ND ND 8 6 ND ND ND 10 ND ND ND FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.15(b) Sl. Samplling Sample No. Date ID No. 10 30-Jul-02 TW-10 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 11 31-Jul-02 TW-11 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 12 30-Jul-02 TW-12 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 13 31-Jul-02 TW-13 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 14 31-Jul-02 TW-14 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 15 31-Jul-02 TW-15 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 16 30-Jul-02 TW-16 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 17 31-Jul-02 TW-17 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 18 31-Jul-02 TW-18 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 19 31-Jul-02 TW-19 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 Sampling Point Maidagin Park T.W. No. 1 Jalalipura Hartirath Raj Ghat TW No. 3 Konia Ghat Pili Kothi Nati Imli TW No. 1 Durga Kund Sundarpur Bhogabir 22 - 59 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC TC (CFU/100ml) ND ND 26 ND ND ND 8 22 ND ND 8 20 30 ND ND 8 ND ND 60 ND ND 50 ND ND ND ND ND 36 ND 20 ND ND 42 ND ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND 22 ND ND 2 2 ND ND ND FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 10 ND 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.15(b) Sl. Samplling Sample No. Date ID No. 20 31-Jul-02 TW-20 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 21 31-Jul-02 TW-21 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 22 30-Jul-02 TW-22 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 23 30-Jul-02 TW-23 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 24 30-Jul-02 TW-24 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 25 30-Jul-02 TW-25 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 26 31-Jul-02 TW-26 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 27 31-Jul-02 TW-27 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 28 30-Jul-02 TW-28 31-Jul-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 29 31-Jul-02 TW-29 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 Sampling Point Kakarmatta Karaundhi Ratnakar Park Bhadaini Ravindra Puri R. P. Ghat Ambalika Puri Shiv Purwa Sonia Lahartara TW No.2 22 - 60 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC TC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND 40 ND ND ND 80 ND ND ND ND 60 30 84 30 64 8 ND 4 ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND 2 ND ND ND ND 10 ND 14 ND ND ND 12 ND 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 42 24 40 24 28 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2 ND 4 ND ND ND 2 ND 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND Contd.... ...Contd. Table 22.15(b) Sl. Samplling Sample No. Date ID No. 30 31-Jul-02 TW-30 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 31 31-Jul-02 TW-31 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 32 31-Jul-02 TW-32 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 4-Aug-02 Sampling Point Preksha Grah Chhedilal Park Gulab Bagh BC : Before Chlorination 22 - 61 Res.Cl2 (mg/L) BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC BC TC (CFU/100ml) ND 24 10 ND ND 12 34 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND FC (CFU/100ml) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 22 - 62 4-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 31-Jul-02 30-Jul-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 3-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 3-Aug-02 30-Jul-02 2-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 2-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 2-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 2-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 2-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 2-Aug-02 1-Aug-02 2-Aug-02 31-Jul-02 Sankul Dhara Lanka Nati Imli Bhaisasur Bari Piari Kajjakpura Golghar Sarnath Piaria Pokharia Pandey Pur HP-16 HP-15 HP-14 HP-13 Lahartara Sonia Pitar Kunda Laksha HP-12 Sundarpur HP-11 Durgakund HP-10 HP-9 HP-8 HP-7 HP-6 HP-5 HP-4 HP-3 HP-2 HP-1 28.0 27.5 27.5 27.5 28.5 28.5 27.0 27.5 28.5 28.0 28.5 29.0 28.0 28.5 27.5 27.0 27.0 28.0 28.0 28.5 28.0 29.0 28.5 29.0 27.5 28.0 27.5 27.0 27.5 28.0 27.0 28.0 Temp o C 7.83 7.87 7.34 7.34 7.96 7.92 7.38 7.36 7.25 7.20 7.42 7.47 8.03 8.01 7.42 7.44 7.42 7.38 7.48 7.47 7.55 7.49 7.05 7.05 7.18 7.16 7.45 7.39 7.32 7.35 7.35 7.31 pH 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 5.5 6.0 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.5 4.5 4.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.5 Turb. (NTU) 948 960 1510 1504 1250 1240 1630 1624 1400 1401 1392 1385 1190 1186 1430 1432 1808 1804 870 881 1408 1395 2628 2640 1210 1221 776 784 1185 1197 1660 1676 Cond. (ms/cm) 688 690 912 910 862 864 1014 1006 980 998 934 932 684 984 1116 1114 1220 1224 534 540 722 722 2128 2132 870 875 430 432 770 778 920 933 TDS (mg/L) 360 350 270 270 320 320 260 250 390 400 360 350 550 550 480 480 510 500 360 360 400 390 520 530 420 430 350 360 360 360 540 530 T. Alk (mg/L) 84 80 180 184 84 88 200 200 184 188 196 200 108 108 132 128 168 168 116 120 224 220 472 480 80 84 112 112 120 116 308 300 8 8 13 14 10 10 10 10 12 13 13 13 10 10 9 8 20 19 8 8 47 45 21 21 12 13 20 21 9 8 10 10 16 15 36 36 14 16 43 44 37 38 40 41 20 20 26 26 29 29 23 24 26 26 102 103 12 13 15 15 24 23 69 67 35 38 88 88 71 71 150 146 102 106 123 123 21 21 79 79 130 132 36 36 99 102 270 279 55 58 25 27 88 88 112 116 52 52 29 27 68 68 136 135 44 47 66 66 18 19 46 46 124 122 32 34 83 86 193 195 60 61 13 13 71 73 62 66 T. Hard Ca Mg Cl SO4 (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.46 0.48 0.82 0.81 0.65 0.67 0.78 0.73 0.75 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.13 0.11 0.64 0.64 0.80 0.84 0.38 0.39 0.70 0.73 0.75 0.78 0.48 0.49 0.24 0.21 0.76 0.79 0.70 0.71 NO3-N (mg/L) 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.03 PO4-P (mg/L) 0.20 0.20 0.57 0.55 1.60 1.67 0.72 0.75 0.60 0.65 0.72 0.72 1.60 1.55 0.20 0.20 0.75 0.72 0.29 0.28 0.75 0.75 0.55 0.50 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.47 0.70 0.72 0.65 0.65 25 27 148 148 71 71 62 60 45 47 81 78 57 55 190 188 230 224 20 21 68 66 175 180 145 148 10 10 56 55 102 105 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 9.0 9.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 35.0 37.0 51.0 50.0 30.0 32.0 2.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 16 18 ND ND 24 26 ND ND ND ND ND 8 14 20 ND 10 10 30 ND ND ND 20 4 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND 4 ND ND ND ND 5 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND F Na K Phenol Fe Mn Cu Cd Cr Pb Zn As TC TFC (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (CFU/ (CFU/ 100ml) 100ml) Table 22.15 (c) : Water Quality - Tube Wells - Monsoon ND : Not Detected ; All values except pH, Turb., Temp, Cond., TC & TFC are expressed in mg/L. 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sl. Sampling Sample Sampling No. date ID No. point City : Varanasi