Transcript
-•
UR
PROBSTHAIN
THE
FARASNAMAE RANGIN OR
THE BOOK OF THE HOESE BY
"RANGIN"
PORTRAIT OP SHAH JEHAN (From a Contemporary Miniature)
THE
FAKAS-NAMA-E RANGlN OB
THE BOOK OF THE HORSE
BT
"KANGIN"
TRANSLATED FROM THE URDU BY
LIEUT. -COLONEL D.
C.
PHILLOTT,
SECRETABY AND MEMBEB, BOABD OF BXASHNEBS, CALCIITTA;
FELLOW OF THE CALCUTTA UNIVEBSm
;
EDITOB
OF THE FA&AS-SfAMA OF HA8HIHI, ETC.
TBANSLATOB OF THE
-
BAZ-SAMA-Yl SASIBI," ETC.
LONDON
BERNARD QUARITCH 1911
F.A.S.B.
SF $223
FEB
8 1SS7
TO
THE LORD
ST.
DAVIDS
THIS LITTLE BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED In
Memory of Btoone Days BY
His Old School-fellow ahd Fbiend
THE TRANSLATOR Calcdtta, Jutu, 1910
vn
INTRODUCTION The
horse has played an important part in the history of
whom
various races to
therefore natural that in the
the civilization of India
it
due, and
is
tlie it
is
should also have played an important part
mythology of those
The legends
races.
the Hindus
of
naturally differ from the legends of the Muslims, but
many
of the
old ideas and quaint superstitions of the two great divisions of the
peoples of India have become mingled.
Although, therefore,
it is
often possible to distinguish some superstition as regards the horse
as definitely
Hindu
or definitely Muslim, in
many
assumed, or even demonstrated, that the belief
No
is
cases
of
it
mixed
may be origin.
Eastern treatise on the horse would be complete without a
reference to some of the traditions regarding
its
origin.
The
present treatise, written by an Indian Muslim, deals with the Indian
horse chiefly from a Muslim point of view.
But, before giving an
account of Muslim traditions regarding the horse, I say something gathered from
Hindu
am
tempted to
writings.
—
Hindu Legends. Hindu mythology relates that when the gods ^ and demons - churned the ocean of milk ^ to obtain the nectar, the first horse, the King of the horses,* rose out of the churning together with the Moon, the Goddess of Fortune,^ the King of the elephants^ and certain other acquisitions. To Indra, King of the Gods, was awarded the beautiful milk-white long-eared animal. In the astronomy of the Hindus, the lunar mansions
' is
first
of the twenty-seven
called Asvini, the Sanskrit for mare.
sign of the Zodiac
is
called the "
The third
Sons of the Mare," the twin
ofispring^ of Siirya, the sun, and a
nymph ^ named
Sanjna,
metamorphosed herself into a mare.
Hindu nymphs,
to escape the
who
unwelcome attentions of a suitor, not infrequently assume the form of animals and seek the protection of the being they prefer, and it was presumably for some such reason that Sanjnd became a mare. Asnra
^
Dera.
*
TJchchraissravas.
'
Nakshatra.
•
Apsard.
^
'
Supposed to be the Indian Ocean.
*
Lakshml.
*
Identified with Castor
^
Airavata.
and Pollux. b
INTRODDCTEON
Vlll
These twins are named Asvinl-Kumdr, or Sons of
tlie
Mare they :
are
the physicians of the Gods.
The sage 8alihotra^ was the
first to
discover veterinary science,
but Nakula, the half-brother of Raja Yudisthira,^ was the
first to
compile a book on the subject, and he was one of the twin sons of the twins Asvlni-Kumdr, his mother being Madri, the second wife of the
impotent king Pandu.^
Nakula
the Mahawork about 1200 B.C. his sayings are much quoted in Hindu writings on the horse. HoESE Originally a Winged Animal. According to Hindu lived in the time of
bharata, and must have compiled his
:
—
legends, the horse was created a winged
^
animal, one that could
and run, and no man or God could snare
it.
fly
Indra wanted horses
for his chariots,
and requested the sage Salihotra to deprive the
horses
wings. ^
of their
Accordingly Salihotra, by his yoga or
supernatural power, derived by his austerities, accomplished Indra's
The
wish.
now deprived
horses,
of the
ability
jungles in search of medicinal herbs, approached entreated him
to visit far-off
Salihotra and
book on the treatment of their diseases. Salihotra consented, and composed the first work on veterinary This work was called Salihotra after science known to the Hindus. to write a
him; gradually in general
Cavalry has
and
this Sanskrit
word came
also a horse.
to
mean
veterinary science
To-day every regiment of Native
its Sdlotris.
Raja Nala of the Mahabharata, who rode from Oudh to the
Deccan
was also a noted judge of horses and famed management.
in one night,
for his skill in their
The Horse-sacrifice.
—Besides
its
use in war, the horse was
important in Hindu eyes as an animal of of the
asvamedha or horse
sacrifice
sacrifice.^
Descriptions
are found in the Rigveda,
1400 B.C. 1
He
spent
much
time with Indra, and was probably in charge of his
stables. ^ ^
*
The Suzerain King of India at the time of the Mahabharata. The so-called father of Yudhisthir. Hence one of the Sanskrit names of the horse is paksM-rdja, or " king
of birds." ^ Indian saises, Muslim and Hindu, call the castors or chesnuts " wings," and believe they mark the scars of the old wounds. ^ The horse for this sacrifice had to be sydma-karna or " black-eared," I.e., all white with black ears.
INTRODUCTION
In the Vedic period, the ficially {i.e.,
horse was
sacri-
priests
to obtain wealth, prosperity,
and part being
several
and male offspring.
hundred years
after the Vedas,
describe the asvamedha as a sacrifice of the highest order.
formed a hundred times,
in
In this age the object of the sacrifice
offered as a burnt-offering.
The Puranas, written
first slain
at one blow), and then divided
by the attendant
portions, part being eaten
was
sacrificial
by severing the head
IX
it
Per-
elevated the sacrificer to the throne of
Svarga, Indra's dominion, deposing even the
King
of the Gods.
There are many legends describing Indra's terror at beholding the successive performance of the asvamedha by terrestrial Kings, and his efforts to frustrate them.
In the succeeding epic period,
was made by kings
i.e.,
after 1200 B.C., this sacrifice
to demonstrate their claim to
supremacy over
neighbouring chiefs.
was then
It office, ficial
a royal sacrifice, princes alone officiating; every
even that of gate-keeper, was held by a royalty.
The
sacri-
horse was liberated and placed under the charge of some noted
warrior, preferably a brother, certainly a near relative of the sacrificer, and wandered at will by the attendant warrior.
for the space of a year, closely followed
Territory traversed by the horse was proclaimed tributary to the sacrificer.
A
ruler
disputing the claim of paramount sove-
reignty had to capture the horse and prevent
He had
dominions.
its
journey.
traversing his
then to meet the warrior in charge of the
horse in single combat, and, continue
it
if
At the
defeated, the horse
was released
expiration of the year, the horse
brought back to the king who had released
it,
and was
to
was
sacrificed
by him with many rites and much ceremony. Of the kings who performed the sacrifice once, the most noted are Kama of the Solar race, and Yudhisthira, half-brother of Nakula, of the Lunar race. Castes op the Hoese.
—By the Hindus, horses are divided into
the four great castes. Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.
is
The horse that buries its muzzle up to the eyes when drinking a Brahman; that which paws the ground while drinking is a
Kshatriya that which sucks in the water is a Vaishya ; and that which shies at water and backs from it is a Shudra. ;
The horse whose sweat has
a scent of sandal-wood
oil
b 2
is
a
;;
X
INTRODUCTION
Brahman
that whose sweat has the smell of milk
;
that with the smell of fish
gM is
is
is
a Kshatriya
a Shudra; and that with the smell of
a Yaishya.
The Brahman horse is brave in battle the Kshatriya even if it breaks down by riding, bears its master to the end ;
stage
the Vaishya horse gallops and shies
;
coward
in war, throws its
According water,
fire, air,
master in
some Hindu
to
and the
fight,
horse,
of the
the Shudra horse
;
and
away,
flees
is
a
terrified.
descended from
writers, horses are
deer,^ each of these classes corresponding to
Raja Sir Sourindro
the four castes just enumerated. in his
pamphlet on the Indian horse,
Bishi
named
tells us,
Mohan
Tagore,
on the authority of a
Parasara, that horses are classed according to the five
come " those who always gallop, who run very fast while in a temper, and who can easily jump over moats that are beyond the jumping power of other elements, and that under the Ether class
classes of horses."
Qualities op a gwod Hobse.
should have the
its ears, its legs, its
of its
hair
developed; siderable
;
— " Nakul
its
mane
soft
and
;
breadth in length ; the ears 6
1
fine
its
A good horse
quarters high, and
loins
its
;
the ears small
should be well-
;
the palate red ; ^ the
The head should be 28
teeth long, narrow, and white.
the yard
neck, and
^ :
fore-legs^ fine; the circumference of the hoof con-
the chest broad
back 27; the
has said
;
the palate 4
loins proportionate to the
;
fingers'-
the neck 40
back; the dock
cubit; the testicles 4 fingers'-breadth
;
1
;
the
span;
the chest 16;
the height, from the head to the hoof, 70 fingers'-breadth; the
mouth, the head, the fore-legs, and the mane, should
all
the chest, nostrils, forehead, and hoofs large; and the
be long lips,
the
tongue, the palate, the yard, the dock, the ears, and the testicles small.
Such a horse
is
of the best.'
Another Indian, however,
states
" :
" Nakul says that the ears
should be 6 fingers'-breadth in length; the pasterns 4; the back 27; the height* 80; the chest 16 in breadth and 27 in length; and the '
Earth
?
Fore-legs like a deer are often considered a sign of pace. According to some Hindu writers the best horses should travel 2,400 cubits in 128 twinklings of the eye. 2
2
A horse
*
Sar
with a black palate is unlucky. qadd, " the head and stature " ; apparently the height to the top of the head.
—
"
;
INTRODUCTION
neck long up following
'
:
So says Nakul, but Hashimi gives the line) 100 fingers'-breadth ;
40.
to
XI
The height (measured by a
the length from the head to the
To measure the
stomach 100.
160
tail
;
the girth round the
be encircled
girth, the belly should
To measure from the
with a thread, both the ends meeting over the navel. give a line to an assistant, and carry
the height,
To measure
shoulder to the hoof and so measure.
a
the length, run
with the aid of an assistant, from the corner of the eye to
line,
the root of the
On
tail.'
— "If a
Whipping.
applied to
its
head
;
horse neigh much, the whip should be
if it trip,
compass, to the belly
and
;
move, the reins should be flogged on
head,
it
it
its
to the flanks
if it
left
Should
quarters.
plant
if it
spin round like a
its fore-feet,
and refuse to
and the horse should be
slack it
;
not go straight but shake
should be flogged on the neck
;
and should
it
its
then show
no fear it should be struck between the ears.^ " The rider should sit firm and keep his eyes on the horse's ears he should keep his waist firm and should stick to the horse's back,
and
A
treat the horse with
man who
observes
all
sympathy and not flog it unnecessarily. these points is worthy of being called a
ahdh sawdr or horseman."
Muslim Traditions.
—As regards
Muslim traditions, I cannot do better than extract passages from the Fars-Ndma of Muhammad *Ahdy- 'llah, an Urdu work lithographed in Lucknow :
"The
horse
is
kind to ride on and made all
God created
the noblest of beasts.
riding animals.
it
it
for
man-
well-formed and the most beautiful of
Allah has said
:
*
And
[he hath given you]
and asses that ye may ride them, and for your
horses, mules,
ornaments.'"^
"In
the
Hadls, too, mention
is
made both
of the nobility of
horses and of the merit that accrues to fighters for the Faith.
Allah has said can,
:
'
Make
ready, then, against them,
what force ye
and squadrons of horse.' "^
1 In Bajah Sir Sourindro Mohan Tagore's pamphlet we learn, The horse should be whipped on the chest when he is frightened, at the mouth when he goes the wrong way, on the tail when he is furious, and on the knees when he is wanted to move. Whipping at wrong
"
places produces many vices in the animal ; so great care should be taken in whipping with reference to the temper of the animal." -
Qur,an, xvi,
8.
^
Qur,an,
viii,
62.
"
XU
INTRODUCTION " The Ansdr^ (oaay Grod be gracious to them) asked the Chosen
Prophet (the Peace and Blessing of God on him) what action was
most pleasing from heaven as
to '
:
In reply the following verse was sent down
God.
Verily
God
loves those that fight for
though they were a compact wall.' " AUah^ has also said ' Horses good
—
:
locks
till
again
:
Judgment-Day'
the
How
'
excellent
[i.e.,
in lines,
knotted in their fore-
is
as long as they exist], and,
the horse, for
is
Him
its
rider
is
honoured and
owner is evidently not in want.' " " It is, too, said that in a religious war, when a Muslim rider repeats the Tahbir and Tahlil,^ his horse repeats them with him in
its
his heart,
and the merit
side of the rider in the
'
Book
have entered by God, in the
Abu
There
of his Actions.'
any owner who makes a nose-bag
tion, too, that
amount
down on
so obtained is written
to the
'
Book
the credita tradi-
is
for his horse, will
of his Actions,' merit equal in
Imam
measure of barley that the bag contains.
The a most noble animal and a
Hanifah of Kufah (God's mercy on him) has said
flesh of the
horse
unlawful, for
is
cause of victory to Islam in fight
;
it
is
therefore, too,
it is
avoid selling horses to those foreign nations with
:
*
preferable to
whom war may
Buraq,* the animal sent from heaven for the Prophet's
arise.'
Ascension {mi'raj), was a species of horse."
—
Horse Created of Air. "According to a Muslim the horse was created from air, as was man from dust.
O
addressed the South
Wind
out of thee a being
so collect thyself.'
God
created out of
Faras [Arabic
;
it
:
*
South
Wind
First
God
I desire to create
The wind did
a bay horse and said,
tradition,
'
I
so.
Then
have called thee
and fixed Arabia as thy dwelling place, and bestowed on thee the colour of bay, and attached to the hair over
thy
Fortune.^
there
man
for horse]
forehead
Thou
—that
which
^ Ansdr, " Helpers,'* are those of after his Flight.
2
These are sayings of
3
Takbir, "
*
In pictures, Buraq
woman's
over
In pursuit or in
will follow thee.
God
falls
art the chief over animals.
is
thine
eyes
— Good-
Where thou
flight alike,
goest,
thou wilt
Medinah that helped the Prophet
Muhammad.
Great." is
Tahlll, " There is no God but God." represented as a winged animal with a "
face,
Perhaps this tradition accounts for the objection many saises, Muslim and Hindu, have to cutting off the forelock of polo-ponies. ^
IKTEODUCTION excel ; for without wings thou wilt
Xlll
Great persons
fly.
will
Then the
thy back, and by thy means wealth will be obtained/
hand of Fate
Good-Fortune,
affixed the seal of
the horse's forehead."
FiKST
Man
to bestride a Horse
i.e.,
— Solomon's
adorn
a whit« spot on
Horses.
—"The
man to bestride a horse was the Prophet Isma'il son of Abraham (peace on both of them). God gave him permission to summon the horses to him. He chose the best and most highspirited and tamed them. In King Solomon's time only one of these horses remained, known by the title Zdd^'T-Rakh or the
first
'
the Travellers,' and from this one
Provision of
descended
Arab
all
horse-flesh.^
introduced their horses elsewhere. off'-shoots of
owing
to
the
Arab breed
change of climate,
horses are bay ; where
it is
;
The Arabs
stallion
are
in their conquests
All the horses of the world are
they have changed their appearance
soil
Where
and food.
the
soil is
rocky,
soft and light in colour, they are iiiiqra,!."
-
—
Marks op Breeding in an Abab. "The signs of a well-bred Arab horse are thin lips nostrils with fine edges ; nostrils wide and open head long and lean skin soft ; the hair of the mane and tail long ; the chest broad the joints clean and without flesh. ;
;
;
;
Further, according to the sayings of the ancients, a well-bred horse is
known by
horse that
is
its
manners rather than by
Arabs take pains to
select
intelligent, aSectionate,
A
handsome
—" For breeding purposes,
stallions
and mares that are
and of proved endurance.
will rarely allow itself to
be ridden except by
will restrain all its desires while its rider is
fresh water.
;
on
A well-bred horse will not
even from staling. another horse
it will
smell,
and hearing, its
master
him
it
its
A its
the fast,
well-bred
owner.
It
back, refraining
eat the leavings of
also evince great delight in
Often, too, by the keenness of
when
fights with
shape.
ill-mannered must be reckoned also ill-bred."
Qualities op a well-beed Arab.
Arab
its
its
pawing
in clear
powers of sight,
It rejoices its owner from danger. and grieves when he grieves; and it enemy. A horse of pure breed can be
preserves
rejoices,
against his
distinguished by these points."
1
Zdd*-'r-Bakb was given by Solomon to the well-known tribe Azd^
who bred from *
this stallion freely.
Cream-coloured, Albino.
INTRODUCTION
XIV
—
The Peophet and Horses, "The Arabs honoured horses even before Islam; but when the Prophet testified to the nobility of It is horses, to cherish them became part of the Arab religion. they Islam, said that, when the tribes of Yemen first embraced sent to the Prophet, as a present, five noted mares of pure breed
and of varied strains. The Prophet left his tent and went out to meet them,^ and stroking them said, 'A Blessing on you, oh Daughters of the Wind,' adding that whoever kept a horse for the service of
God would be counted
and night in public
and by
^
who
equal to one
gives alms day
stealth."
The Prophet Rode Races.
—Keeping
a horse has no special
some
religious merit, unless the horse is kept for a jihad or for religious purpose.
Horse-racing
not forbidden by Muslim law.
is
Riders
may
The Prophet himself rode races. Munshi Muhammad Mahdi, a noted
though not the onlookers.
bet,
The Zinat^ 'l-Khayl. horseman and
salotri,
—
and the author of the " Zlnaf^ 'l-Khayl,"
=
A.D. 1841) Urdu work written in A.H. 1257 { is frequently made in the following pages, tells us that while compiling his work he consulted treatises by the following authorities Yusuf i of Delhi Rangln Nizam'^ 'd-Din
a very popular to
which reference
;
:
of Iran; Haji *Abd" 'llah
Wahhab
Hashimi of Isfahan; and
He
Safi.
;
of Bukhara; also
Nakul
of India;
consulted the Aswa-
Darpan, besides other works by unknown and unnamed authors.
The War-horse. has
its
lips
and
its
eyes black,
nostrils fine
forehead
neck
— He writes
fine,
flat
;
and
" That horse
its
ears small
tongue long
:
deep,
its
its
:
its
is fit
and
war that ;
its
its ^ ;
head and
and should walk with the
head should be small,
teeth even and
nostrils open,^ its
for
close together
should hold
it
aloft with the pride of the peacock,
quarters large,
1
its
:
alert like the eyes of the gazelle
and thin ;
proud gait of a bride its
and
good
its
chest broad,
to look upon, its
fore-arm strong,
its
mouth
body elegant
in
Istiqbdl.
In certain cases, giving alms in public is considered praiseworthy ; for instance, in coming forward with subscriptions to induce others to give. 2
^ Mile nazdik, may mean either " set on high up on the head (and consequently close together)," or " curved so that the tips come close
when the ears are pricked." Wide open nostrils indicate large
together, *
lungs.
—
;
XV
INTRODUCTION shape,
its
thighs full and stout,
round and hard,
back short and carved,
its
its dock fine, its legs hard
and the tendons dry and well-defined long, but beautiful its
and muscular
;
its
:
its
and
it
should hold
legs should not be too
;
the horse
its
pasterns
and not tucked neck well-arched,^ the chin being held near the chest and
should be strong, up, its
when
aloft like a standard
dock
its
hoofs
knees should be far apart
ears should be erect and ever trying to meet;
moves,
its
straight like cane,
its testicles
small, its belly full
;
the hair of
its
mane and
tail
should be long and thick, with fine
glossy hair hanging straight down."
—
Horse not Unclean. From the same writer we learn that according to Muslim tradition " Food left by a horse is not unclean its
neither
;
is its
sweat, nor its foam, nor any moisture from
mouth." Alms.
—The
following " cheap and beneficial " form of alms-
giving ^ should recommend practical as well as pious *'
itself to
minds
those
it
from each morning- and
On Thursday
aside.
quantity of grain thus obtained, buying with
meats. poor.
night*
its
price,
the
sell
sweet-
Repeat the Pdtiha,^ and distribute the sweets amongst the Further, take a pice
and fumigate with
it."
—or half a pice —^worth of ispand
seed
^
Ill-omened spots for Stabling.
"A
who have
:
Tell the sais to deduct one handful
evening-feed^ and to set
Muslims
—
It is interesting to learn that,
horse should not be stabled in an empty'' house, nor in a
cemetery, nor opposite any grave or ruin, nor near a burning-ghat,
nor on an old battle-field, nor in a Hindu temple, nor in the street,
in or
nor in a dark room inhabited by an owl; for
near such places
it is
liable to
if it
be stabled
go mad." ^
—
Ghunghat k. an idiom. Sadqa-o-khayrdt ; technically sadaqah is alms given to avoid calamity, &c., and khayrdt is good works in general. ^ Horses, belonging to Indians, are usually given grain only twice a day. 1
-
*
That
^
The Fdtihah The incense
^
is,
the Muslims' Friday night, the night of their Sabbath. or " opening " chapter of the Quran. is
pleasing to the Angels.
Ispand
is
the hartnal
Peganum Harmala. "^
a
Khdna-yi khdli rd div mi-gtrad, " Demons occupy empty houses,"
common ^
is
Persian saying.
According to Raja Sir Sourindro Mohan Tagore's pamphlet, the
INTRODUCTION
XVI
Invocations.
— When
a Muslim buys a horse he should repeat
the following Arabic tasbl^, exhaling the breath over the horse's forelock
then the horse will never
;
he possesses
it
:
" In the name
fail in faith
God
of
him
as long as
Holy is God ; and Praise be to God and there is no God; and God is Great; and there is no strength nor
Merciful.
;
deity but
power except
in
God
happens ; and what
He
What He
the High, the Mighty.
does not
does not happen."
will,
If his horse is restive on mounting, let
each ear
to
the Compassionate, the
him repeat
wills
^
this
charm
in
" In the name of God the Compassionate, the Merciful.
:
of God there is no strength nor power except in God, who has guided us up to this for we could not have been guided had not God guided us. Holy be God, who has subdued these cattle for us else we could not have mastered them."^ Or else let him repeat the following " In the name of God the Compassionate,
In the
name
;
;
!
:
the Merciful.
Do
they not see that
We
have created for them,
from amongst the creations of Our Hands, domestic animals of
which they are the masters, and that we have humiliated these for
them ;
some are
for
for their riding
LIFE OF
and some
for their eating
?
'"
THE AUTHOR
—
Life of the Author. Sa'adat Yar Khan, the author of this Fars-Ndma, wrote under the taMiallus of " Rangin." His ancestors Rangin was the son of are said to have come from Turkey.
Tahmas Beg, Khan Bahadur, His father
fell
on
evil days,
I'tiqad
Khan, and was born
which resulted in
Lahore and taking service as an
at Delhi.
his leaving Delhi for
officer of cavalry, first
with
Nawdb
Mu'tn^ 'l-Mulk Bahadur (better known as Mir Mannii) son of the
rtimdd^ 'd-Dawlah, Shahld, and afterwards " Rangin," his son, first with three other princes or nobles. Wazlr'^ 'l-MamdliJc,
followed in his father's footsteps, serving in the cavalry;
but
stable should be so constructed that the horses stand there facing north. Lights should be kept burning all night. Fowls, a goat, a cow with its but if bees build calf, and small monkeys should be kept in the stables in them the horses will die. 1 Part of this is the tasbih usually repeated after the fixed prayers. ;
3
Qur.,
^
Qur., xxxvi, 71 and 72.
xliii, 12.
XVll
INTRODUCTION afterwards adopted the
He
a recluse.
life of
gives some
of
liint
Now when a this in his introduction to the present work. European catches "religion" he joins a crowd and makes a noise; he either shouts from a platform in a music-hall, or else beats a
dram
An
Army.
in the Salvation
Oriental,
God
on the contrary, goes
So acted " Rangln/' but what the sorrow was that drove him from the abodes of men is not known. He is said to have been a goodinto
the wilderness and seeks
looking
in lonely places.
youth, of prepossessing manners, fond of society, not
averse to wine-parties, an entertaining companion, and possessed of
and a friend of
He was a Hatim takhaUus,'
a wit, nimble, mischievous, flippant and obscene.
pupil of the well-known poet
Delhi.
of the poet
He was
Mir
the
*
Zahir^ 'd-Din,
'
Insha' Allah' {takhaUus 'Insha'),
author
Dlwdns, four
several
of
Perhaps the best known
which are known.
very indecent, which introduces
the
slang of
One
eulogy on the Devil
opens with the words Na'uz^
of the usual is
Bi
'smJ-
it
;
of his ribald or flippant
Another
Hldh.
entitled
is
in
it
" Mihr
the author criticized
well-known poets, including Shaykh Sa'di.
Fars-Ndma
sufficiently
is
of
is
a
o
Mah," and
who
lived at
Of his prose works, one was called
Delhi in the reign of Jahangir. ;
poems
hi 'lldh instead
a story of a Sayyid's son and a jeweller's daughter,
the Majdlis-i Rangln
harems
the
Delhi and Lucknow.
of
one in Urdu,
is
all,
or most, of the
The popularity of
attested by the fact that
it
his
has been
through many editions.
"Rangin" 1251
(
died at the age of eighty, in
= October A.D.
1835).
Jumddq
^s-Sdnl,
A.H.
In the year of his death he stated
that he would not survive to see the
new
year, as his
mind had
unconsciously composed a tarlkh giving that very year as the date of his decease,
adding that a similar prognostication by his master
Hatim had proved
true.
NOTES ON TEXT-MATTER Notes on the Text-matter.
— Some
of
the receipts in
this
translation should prove interesting to officers of native cavalry.
All that
is
ridiculous.
to be found in these pages is not merely quaint or
No
sawar shows his horse at darbdr without
administering his favourite spices to
make
it
first
drink deeply, while
—
INTRODUCTION
XVlll
no frontier officer can have observed an attenuated thirteenhand pony draw, between sun-up and sun-down on a scorcbing June day, its ikka-load of fat ghi-perspiring Baniyans from Kobat to
Kbusbalgarb and from Kbusbalgarb
to Kobat, a distance of
tban sixty miles on a road not devoid of
bills,
struck witb tbe invigorating powers of nihdrl.
regiments in tbe nortb
still
"
soil
more
witbout baving been
Native cavalry
" tbeir borses by tbe system of
khuld-qasU, wbile, for fattening for tbe Spring fairs in tbe Punjab, native dealers employ tbe
pages 16-17.
A
metbod
of bandqasll exactly as detailed on
Raja wbo kept a large stud of elepbants for
tiger-
sbooting told tbe translator tbat unless be laid up bis elepbants
and " soiled" tbem during tbe in tbe following cold weatber.
and
suitable for England,
rains, tbey
Wbat
is
were unfit for bard work suitable for India
and tbrive on food tbat would probably tbe Persian Gulf and elsewbere, locusts,
garded as legitimate food for
is
not
Indian country-breds will eat
vice versa.
cattle
kill
Bnglisb borses.
fisb,
and dates are
and borses;
In re-
in Tbibet, tbe
tdnghans are given pig's blood and raw liver; in tbe cold regions of Central Asia
Fantastic stallions,
meat
is
Colours.
old-fasbioned
regarded as a necessity for borses.
— Witb
tbe introduction of
fantastic
Government
amongst borses bave
colours
disappeared and witb tbem tbe very names of tbose colours. borses witb black spots tbe size of a rupee,
may
still
Wbite perbaps be
occasionally found in circuses, but wbite borses witb black ears, or
borses witb black bodies and wbite legs, or wbite bodies witb black
;
common
yet once tbese and to merit distinct
dealer survives tbeir names.
wbo
many
names. ^
searched for
otber colours were sufficiently
Here and tbere an aged borse-
recollects tbe old-fasbioned artificial paces
For tbe technical terms about
technical terms of falconry and cocking,
and
may be
witb legs of four different colours,
legs, or
in vain
plants, &c., the
and
horses, as also for tbe
and tbe names
dictionaries are not to
of birds
be relied on.
Tbe
vocabulary in the Appendix has been compiled not merely from old
1 " The animals most liked are the stallions of Marwar or Kathiawar. "White horses with pink points, piebalds, and leopard spotted beasts are much admired, especially when they have pink Roman noses and lightTheir crippled, highly coloured eyes with an uncanny expression. arched necks, curby hocks, rocking gait, and paralytic prancing often proclaim them as triumphs of training." Man and Beast in India.
INTRODUCTION
MSS.
:
XiX
the practical portions have been verified in discussions with
old-fashioned dealers. as well as the note
It is
hoped that
on sign-language,
will
this technical vocabulary,
prove of some practical
benefit to native cavalry oflBcers attending horse-fairs.
Further,
some acquaintance with lucky and unlucky marks may prove not unuseful when purchasing from breeders. Those interested in the old-fashioned Indian horse, the horse of
"another
world
and another time," should
Kipling's chapter on horses and mules in
Lockwood
study
Man and
Beast in India,
Days in India. My acknowledgments are due to Jemadar Sardar Khan, formerly of the 3rd Panjab Cavalry, who for more than thirty as well as ^Ali Baba's' inimitable Twenty-one
years followed his hereditary profession of sdlotri, and, in spite of an
English technical training of several months, earned the
gratitude and affection of
all
ranks with
whom
he served. D. C. P.
—
CONTENTS PAOK
INTEODUCTION
vii
CBAP.
Reason fob Weitixo the Book
1
On the Points (Wasf) of Horses
2
On "Feathebs"
2
IV. Tbaditional Defects
4
I.
II.
m.
On
Spavin, etc
5
VI. Etesobes and Defects
6
V.
VII.
On the
Vm. The IX.
X. XI.
Goloxtbs and
8
Five Coumon Defects
On the
10
best Bbeeding Distbicts (Kuet) in Indu
....
11
To ASCEBTAIN the AoB OF A HOBSE
12
Oh the Tbeatment
13
Xn. The Tbeatment XIII.
Masks in Hobses
of Diseases
of the Foal
16
On the Eight Forms of Colic (KuskpsI) and thbib Treatment
XIV. Tetanus {CnlifDifl-ZADA,
adj.,
and ChIsdxI,
XV. Chest-foundeb {Chhati.ba sd OB Sly^A-BAyo,
subs.) adj.)
.... ....
XVI. Gahkeb of the Foot
19
22 23 29
XVII. Miscellaneous
32
XVIII. Miscellaneous
36
XIX. Miscellaneous
37
XX. Miscellaneous
38
XXI. On Ratib.
HalwI
and Khir
40 41
Conclusion
APPENDIX
"
A "—Sign Lanquaoe
APPENDIX
"
B"
AND Jargon
42
Miscellaneous Notes and Receipts from various 46
Indian Soxtrces
APPENDIX
•'
C "— Vocabulaby
of Technical Terms
....
56
FAES-NAMA CHAPTER
I
REASON FOR WRITING THE BOOK Let me acquaint the reader with a small portion of
my
private
history.
me and
Fortune had oppressed
my
shadowed
God
one, and
Why time
heart.
I said to myself
" This world
:
My wife
—what are they but enemies My
what they can, and then forsake me, while trouble was
head and
filled
I
—
I shall be alone with
with this gloom
only release from soul
my
I ate not
;
pain,
but the knot of the
;
a transient
;
and children
world none helps another in time of real need.
solitary
is
how many days remain to me in it. spend my life why recklessly waste my
alone knows
should I fruitlessly
?
a great cloud of grief over-
and
my
In
?
on
will fall
grave."
My
I slept not.
my
mind
I sought
my own
and took ceaseless counsel with
diflBculty
this
family will eat
could not be untied, for no plan
came into my mind. In my despair I quitted my home and wandered in the desert I shunned the abodes of men like a wild beast. Nowhere could I find rest I wandered and wandered ;
:
ceaselessly.
to
For long I bore
my
my
said
abhor of
senses,
better
Qadir
May
house on to
my
my
back,
heart
:
till
"
one day, returning
How
long wilt thou
Abandon this futility and return to the dwellings this new frame of mind I found myself in
life ?
men."
Lucknow.
I
In I
had two old friends
in that city,
Muhammad
Bakhsh,
known
—
as Miyan Machchhu, and his younger brother Miyan (God bless them all their days, and keep them from grief !
they be rich in this world and rewarded in the next
health and wealth ever be their portion
home and
!).
They took me
!
May
to their
me; what was theirs was mine; words "mine" and "thine" ceased to exist.
laid their all before
amongst us the I was overwhelmed by their kindness. One day my friends were turning over
my
writings and 1
came
!
FABAS-NAMA-E RANGIN
Z
mj
upon its
Book of
the
Horse [Fars-Ndma]
they were delighted with
;
and
contents^ for they were ever fond of horses
ingly they asked
me why
" To please us, write
had written
I
When
in verse."
it
matter, I yielded against
my
will,
it
and added,
they pressed
and turned
Laugh-
riding.
in prose^
me on
the
into verse.
it
Let a blessing abide in every abode that possesses a stable for a steed
CHAPTER
II
ON THE POINTS (WASF) OF HOKSES
You in
should
first
read the chapter Al-'Adiydt
^
which God has taken an oath by horses.
and
horses,
the Horse
so, too,
—unless,
did 'All the Chosen indeed,
it
The Prophet loved
for
;
be Man.
or " the Chargers,"
no animal surpasses
Every person of under-
standing knows that horses are the noblest of animals. reader must
which of all
know
the
that there are five kinds of defects in horses,
The worst defect
I will describe in detail, in five sections. is
Now
that in the ''feathers" {hhaunrl)
next
spavin [haddd)
is
After that comes defective and ugly
and bog- spavin (motard). conformation [qabdhat surat
manners {qahdhat dhang
;
hi)
;
then bad colour
;
and
lastly
ill-
ki).
CHAPTER
III
ON "FEATHERS" In the
first
If there
section I will describe the various "feathers" in horses.
be only one whorl- in the centre of the forehead,
not to be regarded as an
ill
mark
;
but
if
forehead avoid that horse and do not dream of buying If there be three, or four, or five, feathers
equally inauspicious.
1
2
3
Lit. "
Mughals
call
it
is
there be two on the it.
on the forehead,
them khosha,^ and
running horses," i.e., swift horses. In the Zinaf^ 'l-Khayl called agni " fire." Khosha, " a bunch of grapes, an ear of com, &c,"
will not
it
is
even
ON " FEATHERS
The Punjabis
look at the horse.
call
slngan, qainchi or chaqqar are other
mendhd
call it
(a
No
misfortune."
ever goes with
them dogar} Singan," chimtd names for the defect. Others
"Buy
ram), saying,
d
it
not;
it
butt you to
will
expert would buy such an animal, for ill-luck
it.
If the feather is so situated that the ear, pulled down, can reach
a slngan ; but
it, it is
not reach,
it
is
if
except in the eyes of Hindus. throat, it is called call this
or
The
If there is a feather
by the Hindus
The above
more below the
the hanthl,
i.e.,
is
throat.
on the neck,
the
harddwal
:
^
it is
All alike consider
name whether called
deo-man and a
chest,
is
considered
feather
is
called
Shun buying
life.
also possesses a
it
a
lower down than
*
unlucky, and dangerous to
such a horse, unless, indeed,
it
there be one feather
If there is a feather it is
under the
The Mugtals, however,
hanthl.^
Below that again, on the
lucky.
will
latter is not a great defect,
hamiydn-i zar ("purse of gold").
lucky mark.
down
so far below, that the ear pulled
called dnsil dhdl.
deo-man feather
to
counteract the bane of the other. If the horse has a feather
horse
is
called
near the top of the fore-arm, the
"foul-sided" {ganda-haghal},^ and
except the Qizil-Bash, consider consider the
A
mark
it
inauspicious.
indifferent, neither
is
on the belly
Ganga-pdt (" width of
called
is
is
called
gom
(" a centi-
considered by them unlucky.
Other races, however, do not consider If the feather
Mnghals,^
good nor bad.
small feather underneath the belly
pede ") by the Mahrattas, and
all
Others, however,
it so.
inside of the girth-place,
the Ganges ")
;
it
is
it
is
lucky and
increases the price of a horse.
A
feather low
down on
the fore-arm,
if it
points downward,
Sekhan in the ZtnaV 'l-Khayl, probably for Sanskrit
^
is
sheJchar, " crest,
top-knot."
Probably connected with the words for " horn." Kanth, H., "throat," and kanthi "anything worn on the throat." * Deo-maw, " divine jewel." ^ Harddwal (between the forelegs ?), for hardwali, garland ? ^ In the Zinai^ 'l-Khayl a horse is called ganda^laghal if it has a feather on the knee, the thigh, the armpit, the yard, or the root of -
^
the
tail.
Mughal is in India a name often given to Persians. In Behar applied to Eabulis, perhaps because they nsnally speak Persian. "'
1
*
it is
4
PARAS-NAMA-E RANGIN
peg
called khuntd-gdr {" driver in of a
points upwards,
and
is
A
baleful
;
it is
buy not the
(strength to the fore-arm)
is
arhaU
horse, even
of
if
you get
the fore-arm
but
is
bhujbal
called
is
only one such feather
feather at the root of the
side, it is
it is
lucky and
is
mane
unlucky
;
is
but
called
it.
it is
is
head
unlucky.
sdpan}
there
if
if it
peg ")
cheap.
it
keep the horse and ride
;
If there
only one on one side,
each
:
feathers at the roots of the ears or on the top of the
are called
One
lucky
is
called hhUntd-ukhdr (" uprooter of the
feather inside the top
Two
and
")
If there
one feather on
called ndg.^
number on one side even and on the other odd, don't accept that horse even as a gift. In short, do not buy a horse having an odd number of feathers, but If there are several such feathers, the
buy one with an even number. Any feather that comes under the saddle is called chatur-bang * and is considered unlucky, especially by the Rajputs. Don't buy a horse
with such a feather
;
don't even let one stay in your
village.
If a feather occurs
on the sdghiri ^
it is
called danh-ujdr
^
and
is
avoided by high and low.
CHAPTER IV TRADITIONAL 7 DEFECTS
According to Islam there are two chief defects, one brings illthe first is arjal ; ^ the second is a fault in temper
luck, the other
:
being unsteady and
difficult to
mount
{bad-rikdb).
These are the
only two defects mentioned in the Traditions of the Prophet. 1 In the Zinat^ 'l-Khayl feathers are also so called if found on the temples, or on both sides of the chin. 2 Sdpan or sdnptn, H., a female snake also a disease in which the In Panjabi sdnpan is an earthworm. hair falls off. 3 Nag has many meanings, bat in this connection it probably means " cobra." * Also chatar-hhang ; according to some dealers, a feather on one side This word is doubtless a corruption of the Sanskrit of the withers. chhatra-bhang, " breaking the royal umbrella," i.e., ruin to dominion. ;
^
The space betweeen the anus and the yard
^
Sting-uprooter
7
8
*
;
also the anus.
?
JJyuh-i shar'i.
In Kindi jamdut; having one hiud white; either leg; vide page
9.
"
CHAPTER V ON SPAVIN, ETC. In this chapter we will treat of spavin and bog-spavin, &c.
On
the inside portion of the houghs
^
there are situated certain
veins which are connected with the horse's yard.
A
swollen con-
dition of these veins indicates the disease called bog-spavin {motrd). If these soft swellings are small,
it
matters
If large, they
little.
are an unsoundness.
you examine the same spot and detect a bony projection, Let the seller " gas " as he is bone-spave {hadda)
If
know
that that
.
may, give no ear horse
to his multiloquence.
lame and
is
will
spavin
If the
be the curse of your
life.
and even, the spavin is can gallop a horse with chiptd where you like.
bony excrescence find
it
is flat
is
If,
pointed, the
however, the
3 you Even good judges
called chiptd;
hard to detect haddd.
a horse has swollen knees, avoid it ; for it has what are called " capped knees " [zdnu,d), and is unsound. Do not purchase it. If
If a small
bony projection
called a splint {hel-had4l) -^
It
is
found on the cannon-bone,^
is
not considered very bad as
The English, however, object very much
be soon cured.
is
it
can
it
a
to
splint.
If there is
a thickening of the coronet
another horse to help
become
so.
it
;
for if it is
This swelling
{chahdvnd), and
is
is
called
^
of a fore-foot,*
not yet lame,
If the thickening is
a hind-foot, get rid of the horse at once ; for higher
up,
it
is
called
cause you no anxiety.
"false
The
If,
it
ring-bone"
unsightliness, however, will always
Ptchhdre pclfOn ke ghufne. " flat."
3
Nali.
Also ber-haddi. Bhon or bhaun, Hath kd sum.
»
*
f.
is
{gdnd), and need
2 Lit.
*
on
has got " ring-
however, the swelling
remain.
1
will certainly
" ring-bone of the fore-foot
a disease to be feared.
bone on the hind-foot" {pushtdk).
it
buy
the coronet
;
also the eyebrow.
"
.
FARAS-NAMA-E RANGIN
b
If the horse has soft swellings
on the inside or on the outside of
the fetlock,' whether larger or smaller than an
egg, do not be
Although outwardly an unsightliness, they are in reality a blessing. Muslims and Hindus alike call them " wind-galls anxious.
[bayza]
.^
Some mouth a
horses have two wart-like excrescences on each side of the
of the sheath.
little less,
are called mani. its
If these are the
they are called thanl ; but
A
size of
horse with thanl {thani-ddr)
owner, but one with mani [manl-ddr)
a date-stone, or
very small indeed, they
if
is
is
dangerous to
not dangerous.
CHAPTER VI EYESOKES AND DEFECTS This chapter treats of what If a horse
is
considered unsightly by experts.
has large projecting teeth like a camel,^
it is
called
underhung {shutur-danddn, "camel-toothed").
A
horse with a projecting forehead is called by the Mughals " ugly-browed" {qubh-peshdni).^ All judges consider this a sign of
bad temper.
A horse with loose flapping ears is called gosh "scattered eared").
mark
and
of
"lop-eared" {pareshdn-
Kabul ^ consider
this a
of strength, but these alone approve of this unsightUness.
I dislike
A
The people
it.
horse that will not arch is
its
neck^
is
considered good by none
styled " plank-necked '^ {takhta gardan).
The Mughals^
however, do not consider this a defect.
A
horse with very high and unsightly shoulders
shouldered " {gd,o-shdna)
^
Muth,
2
Bayzah, Ar., an " egg.'^
3
A camel has, of coarse, no teeth in the upper jaw.
*
Should be qabih,
5
Wildyat.
^
Jo kundd nahln kartd hat; (Jkundd " a hook ").
lit. fist.
adj.
;
quhh
is
a substantive.
is
called
"ox-
A "PLANK-NECKED HORSE" {From
(III
IiuUini Drniritig)
EYESORES AND DEFECTS
a horse with a straight-dropped hind-leg and bent " cock-legged " [murgh-pd).^ horse with triangular quarters is called " wedge-like " {tabar-
Experts
houghs
A
call
little
No
gun).^ A.
7
dealer would buy one, for
horse that
is
will never
it
"knock-kneed^ behind "
is
put on
flesh.
called kulach ("cow-
Fat or lean, such a horse will travel well.
houghed^^).
It will
a soldier but never a dealer.
suit
A
very hollow-backed
horse
will
not
The
carry weight.
"saddle-backed" (zhi-pusht) and regard it as a The Hindus, however, like it and call it kachchhd* horse with its belly touching its back will never bring credit
Mnghals
call it
curiosity.
A
to its master
;
for whether small or big
it can nowise be fattened. " gazelle-bellied " {ahu-shikam herring-
=
Such an animal
is
gutted)
be a poor-feeder.
;
it will
A horse hoofed
^'
with
called
spreading, and brittle feet
flat,
{chapdtz-sum)
.
knock up
It will
if
is
called " pancake-
ridden over stones or
on hot sand.
A
horse with bent hoofs, whether bent
certainly trip badly
;
such a horse
is
called
much
or
little,
" ass-footed "
will
[khar-
suma) .^
A horse that raw.
goes wide behind
is
called
by the dealers
Jcushdda-
Indians think this a defect, but not so the Mughals.
1 Apparently sickle-houghed or cat-hammed horses were formerly admired perhaps old-fashioned swordsmen found them quicker at " jumping off." Murgh-pu. is now sometimes, but incorrectly, applied to a horse with straight pasterns. ~ Tabar is a battle-axe, triangular in plan as well as in section. In a tabar-gun horse the quarters viewed from behind are triangular and probably narrow to a point behind the horse is usually goose-rumped :
;
as well.
term pd,on Ted ghutnd for hough (for hunch, H.). also called kulach or kulanj. In the Zinaf** 'l-Khayl the word is written kuchal, perhaps a copyist's error. " Houghs in, elbows out," is a cant phrase in the Arab stables. ^
A
The author
knock-kneed
uses the
man
is
* Also kachchhl, supposed to have originally been a breed from the province of Cutch (Kachh). The more effeminate Hindus would naturally prefer a saddle-backed horse. ^ According to the Zlnaf^ 'l-Khayl, this means that the hoof is hollow and the sole rugged. One would expect the term to mean "with contracted heels."
CHAPTER
VII
ON THE COLOUES AND MARKS
A white
called a
is
"star"
and ill-omened, unless there
Avoid the malignant influence called a tipal, If the
also
is
and
horse
called
is
of a sitdra. it is
experts call
" moon-faced."
mah-ru or
Though
auspicious.
is
body, shun the horse
is
by the thumb-tip
the blaze, hairs the colour of the rest of the
If there are, in
Buy
is
in the legs.
exerts no malignant influence on the purchaser.
unsightly this mark
A
some white
qashqa or white mark^ on the forehead extend to the
the
for the
;
mark
is
baneful in the extreme, and
that horse a " scorpion" {'aqrah).
horse with one wall-eye will cause
horse
by
This mark
(sitdra).
If the star is too large to be concealed
eyes,
HORSES
spot on the forehead sufficiently small to be concealed
the tip of the thumb sinister
IN
is called t.dql'^
and
will cause its
its
owner
Such a
dole.
master to be stripped bare.
not such a horse, not even for 5 per cent, of
its
value
;
for
it
a parlous beast. If,
two wall-eyes), there called chaghar.
is
Though
wardly foul to look
=
with human-eyed " [ddam-chashm no need to be alarmed. Such a horse is
however, the horse
is
''
in reality a chaghar is lucky,
it is
out-
at.
If the ofE-fore is white, the horse is called flower-footed {guldast).^
Buy
it,
though dear
:
but
if
the contrary foot be white,
regard the animal as you regard poison ; rise and Such a horse is called " left-handed " {chap-dastf' and If there are coloured
marks
flee is
it.
unlucky.
in the white, the horse is
brokers as padam,* and considered, by
from
known
all castes in India, to
to
be
^ Qashqa or qashqa, T., is a general term for a white mark on the forehead of an animal also the sect-mark on the forehead of a Hindu. 2 Called by the Afghans also sulaymdnl dnhh or "onyx-ejed." A piebald horse with one wall-eye is not considered inauspicious by ;
many. 3 The author of the Zlnat^ 'l-Khayl reverses the order, and calls a This is apparently a horse with the off-fore white chap-dast, &c. copyist's slip. Modern Persians, however, call that horse chap which has the off -fore and both hind white,
*
Padam
the lotus
;
the
name
of certain spots
and moles.
9
ON THE COLOUBS AND HARES IN H0B8K8
The Mnghals
lucky.
" spotted "
(khdl-dclr)
and
;
they consider
is
Do
called arjal}
If the seller says to you,
faulty.
forehead, too,*'
not
calling
it,
it
worthless.
buy
off -hind it,
for
white,
it is
it
is
grievously
" Oh, but there's white on the
do not give ear to his specious words, for the
Prophet has said that an arjal^ be said
it
has either the near- or the
If a horse
defective
of Persia, however, object to
is
bad; what
else, then, is there to
?
If a horse is either mouse-coloured {sor), or else a grey with
the underlying skin in patches of white and black
=^
{sanjdb), the
people of Hindustan^ and the Panjab do not consider
The
the Persians do.
it
bad, but
latter say these colours are objectionable
because Yazld* often rode such horses. If
asked the best colour for a horse, reply
khaki dun {khingY comes next, and then a
and
tail
spotted
and black knees or splashed
coloured horse with black
{kumayt).
.
other colours
list
skewbald [ahlaq), and hoz or light grey,^ but that hoz which eyed
{qara-qilz,
with a "
T.).
A
dun with black mane
Next comes a cream horse {ahrcLshY and a dunand ears {kdnun)J Next piebald or
{sariia for Foals
gram and grind
it,
and then bake in cakes, thick or
2
Kdllzirl, pnrple flea-bane {Vemonia anthelmintica) zlrd, "black cumin seed." Vide p. 40, note 2. Kuikt, H., Helleborus niger.
'
Jawdkhdr, H.
'*
Gach-lon, a medical salt, consisting chiefly of muriate of soda with a little and sulphur. Sonchar.
' ^
:
not to be confounded
with kdld
iron, lime, 5 '
' " ' '••
Dam — 20 mdsha, and a mdsha = about
16 grains. Receipt of Sirdar Khan, 3rd Panjab Cavalry. Kauriya, H., Kwrehi or Conessi bark. Pipli or magh. Receipt of Sirdar Khan, 3rd Panjab Cavalry.
4 *
—— —
— —
;;
APPENDIX "
52
B
"
Mix ttese well with a quart of milk, adding 2 lbs. of moist sugar. Give after watering give for not less than forty days.
thin.
:
31.
Receipt for Khir
Take boiled moth and mix it with milk add some moist sugar and then increase the heat of the fire double, mixing all into one soft mass. Set aside to cool. Before feeding, mix with milk instead of water and Also in the evening give, as a feed, the usual weight instead of grain. give one told of pepper and four of green ginger. ;
HalwI
Receipt for
32.
of Green Ginger
This should be given in the Ghau-mdsa^ or four rainy months. Take turmeric, green ginger, and fenugreek seed, of each 5
lbs.
pound and mix put 5 lbs. of ghl on the fire, and fry the ingredients in then mix in 10 lbs. of shakar (moist sugar), and it till a light brown add ten quarts of cow's milk skim while cooking. Put aside and give some of this daily, after watering begin with \ lb., but increase the quantity gradually up to 2 lbs. ;
;
;
;
On
33.
Fattening with
Raw Brown Sugar
Mix into some maheld of moth, a fourth of its quantity of hhdnd (raw brown sugar), and give every morning and evening. 34.
Bury
mud
in
On Fattening on Bupfalo-horn
one horn of a buffalo so that
After twenty-four hours remove and convert
an equal quantity of pure honey
it
it
may become
soft.
Add
into " saw-dust."
put into a jar, cover, and hermetically seal with clay cover with dried cow-dung, kindle the cow-dung, and cook thoroughly till the mixture becomes quite white and shining. Then take equal quantities of shahtara (Fumaria officinalis), ;
;
carbonate of
soda,
Aplotaxis auriculata,
black-pepper,
long-pepper,
dry ginger, moth, gilau (Tinospora cordifolia), rock-salt, and geru:^ pound and sift, and then add of the powder obtained, double the
mix all together and put aside. Give as follows for three weeks The first week give with gogal (or Balsamodendron makul) the second with shakar (cane sugar) the third with ght. Give the first day 5 dirham,^ the second day 10, the third day 15, the fourth day 20 quantity of the mixture in the pot
;
:
;
;
'
During
observed. so the Gods
1
1 1th day after the new moon of Asdrh and ends at the full moon this period the Gods are asleep, and no religious ceremony is portion of the Autumnal Durgah Puja, however, falls in this period, have to be specially roused six days before their time.
Begins on the
Kcitik.
A
Vide
^
Geru.
^
A dirham is a weight of 48
mdsha and
p. 26,
7 ratfi.
note
9.
grains of barley, equivalent, in Indian weight, to
—
—
.
APPENDIX continue to
give 20 dirham for
"b"
three weeks.
63 This
increases the
appetite. If the above causes garmi} give daily tirphald (the three kinds of myrobalan)
On
35.
Giving Rat's Bane or Arsenic, etc.
Take | oz. of each of the following Indian aconite,^ white arsenic, yellow arsenic, cinnabar,^ sang-reza,* cloves, dry ginger, borax, black pepper, with 1^ ozs. of kath,^ and 10 lbs. of green ginger. First pound :
the green ginger to extract
its juice.
Then crush the other ingredients
and cast them into a marble mortar with the juice of the green ginger, and grind continually, night and day, for seven days, till the powder is ground finer than antimony. Instead of the juice of the green ginger, the juice of betel leaves can be substituted. The mortar should be made of porphyry,^ or of some hard, stone. Make the mixture up into pills the size of a gram-grain or small pea and set aside. Take 2 ozs. of coarse wheaten flour and make it into a cake, and bake give one pill, powdered fine, concealed in the cake. Give in the evening after the grain. Give three times in a week. If necessary one pill can be given every morning early. ;
36.
Mustard
Another Receipt for Sara
seed,^ ajwd,in,^ emblic
myrobalan, dry ginger, long zedoary,
kdld namak, moringa bark,^ haherd}^ yank, black rock-salt and white rock-salt
;
ii
take equal parts of each and pound roughly and separately.
Weigh again and then mix.
Then take
of sour curds (ddhi) three times
the weight of the powder; strain the curds through cloth, having little water to it, and then mix the powder into it. Cast into a matkd or porous earthen vessel, cover with a plate, and bury in horse-dung. Remove after a week. Give for twenty days, 4 ozs. daily, after the evening feed. This medicine acts as a tonic, cures
previously added a
worms, and
purifies the
stomach from phlegm and gas.
* Garml kamd, here hiddat kamd ; in a homan the signs are thirst, burning in the chest, yellowness in the urine, and the urine being less than the normal quantity.
^
' * '
* ^
* ' '"
Bachndg, Indian aconite (Aconitvm ferox). Shanjarf, cinnabar. Sang^eza, gravel? KcUh, the extract of catechu or cntch. The hardest species of marble. Bd,i, Brassica nigra. Ajwdyin, Ptychotis ajowan. Sahaj'nd, Moringer pterygosperma. Bctherd, Tenuinalia Bellerica.
" Sendhd, white
rock-salt.
—
—
54
:
APPENDIX "b^' In the hot weather make the mixture with curds, but in the cold
substitute vinegar for the curds. 37.
—To
Make a Horse Long-winded i
Procure a black cobra and so
that
kill it
it
has no outward injury
Then take one hundred grains of gram, or a little less, but the grains must be large and perfect. Force the gram into the snake's throat and then close its mouth cast the cobra into a porous earthen vessel and bury in the ground for forty the blood and poison must be intact.
;
After forty
days, surrounding the pot on all sides with horse-dung.
gram and
and keep in a
safe spot.
Before
going on a journey, give one grain in rdtib or parched flour This is an ancient Deccan receipt.
(^sattii).
days, take out the
Take
of fresh
dam
it,
ZangarI Ointment (for Fistulous Sores)
38.
zangdr,^ 1
clean
neem
each
leaves 8 ddm'^ weight; of beeswax, rosin,
onion
1
;
of
;
cinnabar and kamild * 1
English soap 5 dam, and of copper sulphate 8 ddm.
and
Then take
sift.
sesamum
oil if it
of
mustard
be summer.
then cast them away
;
oil
^
lb., if
First cook the
Pound
the season
neem
is
ddm
it
of
separately
winter
leaves in the
next cook the onion, removing
and ;
when
;
oil
bat
and
cooked.
Afterwards sift in the other ingredients, one after another, not altogether.
When
the ointment
is
ready, set aside. 39.
A
On Purging when
horse should be purged once a year
the nights are mild;
The evening before purging, substitute for the evening-feed a bran-mash. In the morning give no feed, but administer
this
keeps
it
in health.
: 1^ ozs. (or 3 told) of aloes 32 grains (or 2 mdsha) of sweet fennel ; 32 grains of dry ginger pound, sift and set aside. Take
the following
;
;
and add sufficient electuary of rose-leaves ^ to make the whole into a bolus and give to the horse. Walk the horse about for a little and then tether in the stall, giving it a little grass to eat. If you wish to make the horse stale also, add to the bolus 48 grains of refined saltpetre ^ and 48 grains of gum-arabic.'' If the horse is suddenly and excessively purged, either give it cold water, or else curds and water mixed. I oz. of English soap
'
Dur-dam.
Ddm.
Vide page 51, note 6. Zdngdr, subacetate of copper. * Kamlla, Mallotus Philippenensis. * Gul-qand, an electuary made of pounded rose-leaves mixed with sugarcandy syrup. ^
'
*
Shora-e qalaml, saltpetre in crystals.
7
Gond
babul.
'
*
—
—
APPENDIX
"b"
55
In the evening give a bran-mash and in the morning the usual feed of grain.
The horse should not be ridden
On
40.
Take a piece
for three days.
Administebing an Enema
and sew it like a bag, that is, like a mashkiza or and then insert a tube into one end. Use this as an enema. Take castor oil and one fourth the quantity of earth-salt, and mix well with warm water use this as an injection. of leather
traveller's water-bag,
;
—
41. To STOP Excessive Purging Take 2 ozs. each of sweet fennel, cumin i seeds, and black pepper. Fry these a little and pound fine and add sufficient water to make into
a bolus.
Divide the bolus into two, giving the halves to the horse one
after the other. If the
above does not prove effective give the following, which
is
better:
Fried assafoetida i oz., ghi 2 ozs., sdtM^ rice 4 ozs. into a bolus and then give to the horse.
;
pound, mix and
make 42.
— To
Cause an Enemy's Horse to fall* Sick and also to Cause the Same to Recover
Take equal
and crude opium; grind paint this on the horse's testicles, or on its anus, or on its lips. The horse will get restless, and neither eat, drink, nor sleep, and if a remedy be not soon applied it quantities of
croton
seed
together with water and put into a cup
may
;
die.
Cure
:
—Take
frequently.
boil and wash the places with that and water mixed are a substitute for the
tamarisk leaves
Item:
— Curds
;
tamarisk, but the latter acts quicker.
'
*
Zirasafed, Ctiminun Birit\j-i sathi,
cymimnm.
a kind of
rice that ripens in sixty days.
:
56
APPENDIX "0" VOCABULARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS Abdomen —pet, Abyssinian
A H.
m.,
— habasM, a Kabuli breed
in
which the coat
consists of tight
curls.
Acid
—
tezab,
m.
Aged —panj-sdla,
adj., five-year-old; shash-sala, adj., six-year-old (also
male-panj, according to most ten-year and upwards, but according to some twelve-year and upwards.
incorrectly chha-sdla)
Ague
—
;
vide Fever.
—
The Bishop's variety of " ajwd,in "
Ajfrl,iy
Weed is
;
Ajava seeds
Garum
;
A
copticum.
chhori-ajwdn, the seeds of Gleome viscosa.
Another is khurdsdnl ajwdn, the seeds of Hyoscyartms niger, black henbane vide Cumin and Caraway seed. Adbino vide White. Aloes eluwd, m., H. Alum pMtkarl, f., H. Amble yurgh a, T., and hamlaja, Ar. ruhdl (chalnd) probably a corruption of rahwdr, Per. (in this pace " the water of the stomach :
—
— —
—
:
in one Indian- Persian manuscript raftdr Bahwdr was a slow amble used for ambling, pacing, &c. (probably a natural run or shuffle) used for long distances the pace did not tire the horse and a footman could keep up with the it was a showy amble rider do-gdma more artificial than rahwdr
should not be shaken ")
:
is
;
:
;
or walk, a bazar pace
" the horse threw out its forefeet in a
;
the pace, though graceful circle that delighted the beholders " a kind of shdh-gdm, horse easy for the rider, soon tired the do-gdma yurgha, T., was in India a fast kind of rahwdr, a pace ;
:
:
easy to horse and rider
:
was like yurgha, but not so was " pacing." All the previous paces qadam vide Walk. ehiya, H., obs.,
easy to the rider, perhaps
it
come under the head of : Anasarca tabaq (Idnd) vide Lymphangitis. Anoint chuparnd, to anoint, to smear, grease, oil. Anus vide Thighs. Sdgharl, space between the tail and the anus, in a horse or ass also the space covered by the tail colloquially it sometimes means the quarters ghore-ne kaisi sdg^ari ddl-rdkhl hai,
— —
—
:
:
;
:
is
said of a horse so pig-fat that
its
back.
Aphth(e
it
has a channel
down
the centre of
—anchhar, also dnshld, thrush in the mouth and tongue.
— ——
:
57
APPENDIX
Arab
—
tdzi
'arahi.
;
Arch, to — gardan ho kunda Jcarnd or ghunghat kamd Areca Nut supdri, f., H. fawfal, Ar. Armenian Bole gil-i Armani. Artery shirydn, f., Ar. Arsenic sankMyd, m., H. Assaf(Etida Mng, m., H. Ashes bhuhhal, m., H., warm or hot ashes. " Ass-hoofed " vide Foot.
—
—
—
—
—to arch the neck.
:
—
—
" Ass-tailed "
khar-dum, that
is,
with the root of the tail thin and vide " Mule-tailed."
covered by scanty and short hairs
Asthma
—zlq-i-na/as
lungs,
dama,
:
vnlg.
:
applied
to
any disease of the
(fee.
B BxcK—pith,
—
H.: pusht, bdr-kash, m.
f.,
P.
f.,
Back-band Backbone rtrh, f., H. vide Vertebra. Baka,in the Persian Lilac vide Neem.
— —
Ball
:
;
— dawd,i hi golL
Balling Iron
—tdlu-hash, m.
:
Bamboo — hdns, m., H.
—patti,
Bandage
— —
f.,
H.
:
halqa,
m.
thandi patti (cold bandage).
Bark chhdl, f., H. (of tree). Barley—^aw, m. vide also Wheat. Bay humayt, Ar., P. and Hindustani, ordinary bay (very dark bay coloured as though it had had "oil :
:
;
=
teliyd
kumayt
" rubbed over
Idhhori kumayt) dthon gdnth kumayt, bay, with black stockings on all four legs (" eight joints ") up to the knees and houghs (kumayt is not regarded as a radical colour in horses, but as a mixture of hiir or chesnut, q.v., and black j it is likened to the colour of dried dates) ahmar, Ar., all bays, light or dark (Algeria) kahar, P. qara hahar. P., dark bay vide also Roan. Beans sem. f., H. (broad) lohiyd, H., and bdqild, Ar., m. (different it
:
:
:
:
:
:
—
:
kinds).
Bearing-rein
—
—gol-bdg
Bedding bichdli, f., H. BELLY-BAND^^e^i, f., H. ^^i-FRUiT bel, m., H. (specially useful in dysentery). Betel pdn, m., H. (the leaf). Bile piltd, m., H. (also gall-bladder) safrd, Ar. : vide also Humour. Bit dahdna, P. (curb) qaza,i, f. (snaffle).
— — —
Bite, to
Biter
:
:
—kdfnd.
— danddn-gtr,
adj.,
adj.. P.,
a horse that savages in its stable moza-gir, its rider's legs, Ut. " stocking-grabber "
a horse that bites
kaf(ar, adj.,
H.
:
——————
:
APPENDIX " C "
68
—
Black In India and in Persia a black horse is styled mushhl or mushJcln, from mtishk, " musk." Mushhl or mushkin is properly jet-black and shiny. (One Indian writer uses siydh to signify a dull black or brown.) MalUkdksha, S., obs. black with two wall-eyes and four white stockings. Adham, At., a stable-term amongst Arabs for black amongst Indians it was regarded as a radical and auspicious colour by adham the Indians meant real black " like the black-bee, or the male ko,el, or the black buffalo " the word is obsolete in ;
;
;
India.
" Black-kyed "
qara-quz,
T.,
term now obsolete in
" black-eyed," a
India.
" Black-eared "
shdm-karan,
S.,
with black tips to the ears
;
term
practically obsolete. "
Black-kneed
"
vide Stocking.
' Black-tongued "
Bladder Blanket
siydh-zahdn,
—phunkni,
H.
f.,
;
and siydh-
unlucky, except in a black horse.
:
(of animals)
— kambal or kammal, m., H.
Blaze
" black-tongued "
adj.,
with black palate "
tdlu, adj., "
:
masdna, Ar., gen.
dhussd.
:
—
qashqa or qashqd, T., the sect-mark on the forehead of Hindus; and hence any white mark on the forehead of a horse mdh-ric, adj. and subs., lit. " moon-faced," with the whole face white, i.e., with a :
blaze extending to the eyes in a broad stripe
ghurrah
also " flowing
down
the nose
=
with a blaze extending to the eyes, the white
sd,ilah, Ar.,
" to the nose in a broad stripe, " the breadth of
down
with a narrow reach ^aqrab, lit. "scorpion," if it has coloured hairs in it, a broken blaze: pach- or pdnch-kaliydn, Urdu, adj., with four white stockings and a blaze vide Stocking, Reach, and Star. Blazed agharr, Ar., marked with a ghurrah, vide supra and Star. Bleed, to fasd kholnd, to let the blood by opening a vein. the whole nose"
shakil,
:
:
any white on the forehead ;
—
—
Blinker — kan-pattd, m., H.
— Blood —
Blister
'^pldstar*' (Eng.),lagdnd, to apply a blister:
chhald, m.,
H.
(jparnd), the pustule.
lohu, m.,
H.
khun, m., P.
:
:
vide
also
Thorough-bred, and
Humour. "
Blotched "
kanhwd, H., with blotches of black, white, and chesnnt
vide Spotted.
— H. Tusk. Bob-tailed — landurd or lundd, H. Blue-stone
nili-tutiyd,
" Boar-tusked "
f.,
vide
Body-roller
—fardkhi,
BoG-SPAViN
vide Spavin.
Boil -phord, m., H.
— haddi,
Bone Borax
f.,
—suhdgd,
H. vol.,
:
:
f.
dumbal, m., P. khdrnosha, turbinated bone (near nostrils).
H.
—— ————
—
.
" APPENDIX " C
69
BoKBORTGMi qardqur (a grumbling in the guts). Boeing —ek-bdgd, adj. Boss uphill, m., H., lit. " flower " vide BiOsette. BoTS lik (eggs) bar, f., H. (larvae, lit. wasp). :
:
—vide Obstruction. H. maghz, m., P. wheat or barley). Bran—chokur, m., H. Bowel
Bbjliu —bhejd, m.,
:
(of
Brand, to
— ddghnd or dd gh dend.
Break
to
in,
—nikdlnd (= " educate
Breast- PLATE
Breechbn
slna-batid
").
pesh-band.
:
—-jpushtang.
— m., H. — Bridle lagdm, m. Brow-band —kan-sira, m., H. mdthd-patti matheli. Brown—khaird, " of the colour of catechu " bhurd Brittle-peet—sum-khdrd, the disease vide Foot. Bruise — H. Brush — a hair-glove for horses brush, m., Eng. Breeding-district
khet,
:
:
:
subs.,
chot,
hathl,
f.,
(Jiagnd).
f.,
—newar lagnd (newar,
" Brush," to
Bock, to
(?)
:
;
H.,
f.,
is
properly the fetlock).
— kandhi mdmd.
— H., tongue of buckle Buttress—sum-tardshy a ruiH-band^s buttress.
Buckle baksu,d, m., Eng. " Bursatee " barsdti.
su,l, f.,
:
{lit.
" needle ")
O
—
Calf-kneed (or back at the knees) ghutne plchke ko mure hu,e. Calkin khunti, f., H. (peg, &c.). " Camel-backed " vide Boach-backed. '* Camel-hung " shutur-fota, adj. (lit. with scrotum like a camel j
—
meaning not clear). " Camel-jointed " vide Knees. " Camel-mouthed " shutur-danddn, teeth
;
—
also
under-hung
Camphor kdfur. Canker in the Feet Cannon-bone —
—
;
adj.,
sometimes
with projecting or irregular
= toothless,
kaf-gird, subs.
H. wazif, Ar. Canter vide Gallop. Canthus of the Eye vide Eyelid. Capped Elbow khisd, H., corruption of Persian
—
nali,
f.,
:
—
—
Ac. "
q. v.
:
rasaull, H.,
— — —
lit.
kisOy
Capped Hough kuhniyd: hunch ki rcuuli, f., H. Capped Knee zdmncd. Caraway-seeds siydh zira : vide Ajtod,in and Cumin. Carrots gdjar, f. and m., H.
—
lit.
" tumour," vide Elbow.
.
...
"a
purse,
—
60
APPENDIX
Cartilage
— khurrl or Tchurri haddl,
Caster —ndqts lit.
Castors
or
nikammd ghord
f,,
H.
nazari ghord, prop, horse to be ca^t,
:
horse " under observation."
—vide Chesnuts.
—rendi or renrl —motiyd-bind, m., H. Catarrh —zuJchdm, Ar. P. m., Panj., vide Cold. " Cat-eyed " vide Wall-eyed and Pig-eyed. Chaff— m., H., chopped straw, chaff. Chalk — H. Charcoal — H. (generally used for cooking grain, as horses Castor Oil
Jed tel
Jed tel.
Cataract
sardi,
;
f.,
Jcandr,
:
also
bJiusd,
mitti.
JcJiarl
Jeo,eld,
f.,
ra.,
smoked food). CharI the leaves oijawdr (used as fodder for horses and cattle). Cheek gdl, m., H. Cuesnut bur^ described as being red like unground saffron or the red of the pomegranate flower it means chesnut, a radical and will not eat
— —
—
;
auspicious colour in horses in treatises
on horses
vide
;
;
the term
Bay
:
surang or inaJiu,d surang, liver chesnut not liver chesnut: raisins
surang-i
surang-i mirgd, a
;
chesnut
asJiqar, Ar.,
:
—
lit.
over
:
teliyd
the colour of old sultana
JcisJimisJit,
surang-i zarda, a golden
;
chesnut (dark or light)
H.,
m.,
-par,
all
surang-i IdTcJwrl, dark but
:
fawn chesnut
uncommon
apparently a liver-chesnut, an
Chesnuts
obsolete in India except
is
surang, H., chesnut
all
over
:
ahwa, Ar.,
colour in the desert.
wing or feather
muJir,
:
Ind.
Pers.
manuscript.
—
Chest chJxdtl, f., H. slna, m., P. sag-dast, adj., " with forelegs like a dog " is said of a horse with a flat narrow chest, " both legs coming out of the same hole " or of a horse with unmuscular fore-arms. Chest-foundered sina-hand ; cJiJidtl-band. :
:
;
—
— mirch, Chiretta— chiraytd or
Chillies
lal
H., red chillies, red pepper;
f.,
Jiarl mircJi,
green
chillies.
gentian
Clip
—
—
—
piece)
Jcaprd,
:
felt
gen.
(a very bitter herb, a kind of
gardanl (body-piece) and
:
tJiandi gardani (light,
:
-picJilcdrt,
Clyster-stick
—
—balghaml
P. f.,
Bur
:
:
jJiiil,
cJiJidti-hand (breast-
a heavy body-piece of blanket
—
summer
)
:
vide Blanket.
H. vide Enema.
tipatyd, m.,
H.
:
vide Suppository. tap,
a bad feverish cold vide Catarrh. bddsul, flatulent. JcurJcurl, spasmodic :
Colic — qulinj, gen. term
'
H. (hood)
Jcan-sild, m.,
— shaftal, m., T. Clyster-pipe — Cold
H.
powdered chiretta greedily).
vide Scissors.
Clothing
and Clover
will eat
H., clip to horse-shoe.
tJioJear, f.,
Clippers
cJiird,etd, m.,
some horses
;
is still
:
:
current amongst the Baluchis, and also in Persia.
———
— ;
.
APPENDIX
"c"
61
—halqa, m. (of harness). —There are four radical
Collar Colour
Abyaz, Ar., pure white, (3)
chesnnt,
Bi'ir,
Jaimangal,
q. v.
q.
and auspicious colours ia horses (1) v. (2) Adham, Ar., pure black, q. v. ; ;
(4) Zarda, golden,
;
" of auspicious victory,"
lit.
i.e.,
is
yellow dun
q. v.
a horse with two wall-
a blaze, one white stocking and a white belly; said to be worshipped by a Raja in Madras. There are said to be three shades of bay and chesnut kishmishl, the colour of Sultana raisins, IdkM, the colour of lac or eyes,
deep red, and teliyd, a very dark shade inclined to black. Bad-rang, Urdu, adj., " bad-coloured," applied to horses of nondescript or bad colours, not to those with merely inauspicious markings.
Musmat or bahim,
Ar., all of one colour
:
vide Spotted.
— vide Foal.
Colt
Comb
—kanghl, —
H.
f.,
Constipation
qabz.
CoNSUMPnoN
khushk.bel, consumption in horses
Contracted-heels
Corn
—pewd
Coronet
Cough
—vide
(in hoof)
vide Grain.
:
—hhaun or hhon,
—surfa, P.
vide Farcy.
:
Foot.
(also
f.
eyebrow)
sum
:
hi maghzl.
H., a hard dry cough
khdnsi, H., a cough from cold. Cough, TO—dhdnsnd, H., to have a hard dry cough khdnsnd, H,, to cough from cold. Country-bred desi-ghord, m., H. Courageous jdn-hdz, adj. Cow- DUNG vide Dung. Cow-houghed kulich and kachal, adj., H. Cow- KICK, to qainchl mama : (also to strike with a fore-foot?). Cracked Heels gdmchl men chheumr (?) gJiore ki biwd,i phat-ga^i, :
dhdnsl,
f.,
;
;
—
—
—
—
—
(biwd,t
:
= chilblain)
" Cradle " danda, m., H., lit. stick. Cram, to galiydnd. [Unpalatable food
—
horses, in
old-fashioned Rajas'
cramming with messes made to be
crammed
administered by cramming
were
made
pig-fat
by
of sugar, butter, Ac., as fowls are said
in France.]
—tashannuj, Ar., gen. —vide White.
Cramp Cream
Cress— ^aZon
is
stables,
or hdlim
:
;
spec,
cramp
all
over the body.
—
Take 20 lbs. of cress and 8 of mustard. Pound
[Horse-dealer's receipt
(hdlon), 10 of fenugreek, 8 of turmeric
:
the turmeric, and grind the remaining ingredients in a hand-mill. Take 1 lb. of above, and 1 lb. of gur or raw unrefined sugar, and make into a sherbet by adding two quarts of water or milk. The mixture should be of the consistency of cream. Leave all
night to soak, and give before dawn.
If the horse will not take
— ————
—
APPENDIX "
62
C
"
it is crammed. When it has eaten 80 lbs. of the and an equal quantity of the gur it will be in dealers', but
the mixture, spices
not too Cbib-biter
To be given
soft, condition.
— vide
in the rains or in winter.].
Wind-suck.
Cboton —jamdl-gota, m., H. (bean) Crupper dumcM. Crust op Hoop shdJch, m., P.
;
Jed tel (
—
—
oil).
—
" Ortstal-byed "
vide Wall-eyed.
Cumin SEED— etra, Cuminum cyminum. Curb bajar haddl
—
Curb-chain
— (dahdne hi) — Jcharahrd, m., H.
zanjirl.
Curry-comb
(mdmd').
Cut, to — zakhm ko chdr-pdra karnd, to cut a cross
Cyst
—jawd (?)
thaill,
:
f.,
H.
(-{-)
on a wound.
bag).
{lit.
D
— —
Dandruff vide Scurf. Dappled gul-ddr. Dates khajur, m. and
— H., khurma, m., P. (given to horses and camels and Arabia). quhh, Ar., m., any ugliness or Ar., m., any defect or vice Defect— outward defect. Diabetes — vide Staling. m. pet chalnd, vulg. DiARRHffiA dast (dnd) Digest, to — hazm kamd. m., H. a digestive powder. Digestive —pdchak, m., H., gen. Dill —soya or sowd, m., H. Disease —saugandi, an obscure disease in which the horse wastes away f .,
in parts of Persia 'ayb,
:
:
is,hdl,
:
:
chiiran,
and becomes somnolent, while the eyes become light-coloured or whitish.
Dock
—dum hi haddi.
" DoG-LEGGED " "
vide Chest.
DoG-TONGUED "
sag-zobatif adj., said of
out when ridden
;
a horse that hangs
a horse with this defect
its
tongue
called mdr-zabdn
is also
or " snake-tongued." " DoG-TOOTH " vide Teeth.
—
damdama, an " on and off." DovE-coLOURED " fdkhta,l, coloured like the large Indian turtle-dove. Drench, to juldb pildnd or dend. Double
*'
—
—hdnknd, gen. Dropped-hip —vide Hip. hond. Dull, to be— H., dun Dun—samand,
Drive, to
stist
with black mane and tail shirgha, Pushtu, dudhiyd sTiirgha, light dun all tail dudhiyd samand, very light dun with black mane, forelock. P.,
dun with over
;
lighter
mane and
;
;
——
—
:
" APPENDIX " C
68
and fonr black legs: teliyd samand, a very dark dnn with and black mane and tail samand-i qdnun, obs., as before but still darker: samand-i siynh znnii, a dun with four black stockings samand-i gul-ddr, a dappled dun: qtilld or qiild (T. ?), a bright red-dan that is almost a light bay, with dun mane and tail, and black " list" sandall, adj., of the colour of sandal-wood, i.e., a hordd, a dull dun light dun with the same coloured mane and tail its legs zarda, on with black stripes of leather) (the colour country a term applied in manuscripts to all duns is regarded as a radical and auspicious colour in horses and is compared to the yellow of gold and
tail
black
legs,
:
:
:
:
:
;
or the yellow in the interior of the nilufar or white water-lily
;
the
skin should be of the same colour as the hair.
Dung
—
dung
lid, f.,
of horses, mules, asses, or elephants
hard dung
pishkal, and menghl, the gobar, m., H.,
cow-dung
for burning
sargin, m.. P.,
Dysentery
:
—peckish,
Dyspepsia—
H.
f.,
:
hddi, dyspepsia
upld, m., H., cakes of
:
:
pishhdl or
and camels
of goats, sheep,
cow-dung worked up
cow- or horse-dung.
vide Mucus. and indigestion.
E Ear —
Tcdn,
m.,
H.
:
Tcanotl, f.,
H., tip of the ear of a
man, a horse, or any
animal. " Eared " gosh-ddr, adj., said of a horse with a third ear growing out of the root of one ear
Elbow
—agU-huhm,
f.,
H.
Elephantiasis—/iZ-pa, " Elephant-skin "
:
:
lit.
unlucky. mirfaq, Ar.
:
vide Capped-elbow.
" elephant-foot."
gaj-cMrm, subs., an incurable disease in which the
skin thickens in parts, assuming the speckled appearance of an elephant's skin. " Elephant-toothed "
vide Tusk. an enema and also its contents huqna Jcamd, v. [An ordinary enema for a horse is a quart of milk, 2 lbs. of melted butter, ^ lb. of honey, and white sugar. The Indian enema consists of a leather bag with a tube.] Enteritis hoghma. Entire dndu, adj. (of any animal) nar-ghord, subs. vide also Stallion and TJncastrated.
Enema
—huqna,
—
:
—
:
— mirgl, H. Erysipelas —surkh-hdd Epilepsy
:
f.,
;
sometimes this disease
is
called zahr-bdd, but
vide Lymphangitis.
—
vide " Strap-necked " shutur-gardan, long-necked and also ewe-necked (lit. "camel-necked "). Excrescence thani, {., wart-like excrescences at the mouth of the sheath, the size of a date manl, the same if very small latter not a
Ewe-necked
:
—
;
defect.
;
A horse possessing these is called thani-ddr or mani-da^.
a ;
" APPENDIX " C
64 Eye
— dnkh,
H.: ndkhuna, chemosis; infiltration, usually inflamatory, of
f.,
the conjunctiva and of the cellular tissue connecting eyeball, in
which the conjunctiva
around the cornea vide Opacity
:
also chymosis.
;
cMnt,
f.,
up
rises
—papm,
with the
the cornea,
PTiuli, opacity of
H., speck (in eye or elsewhere)
achchhl hai, " he has a good eye for a horse."
Eyelash
it
to a considerable height
Us
:
Til
nazar
Vide Black-eyed.
H.
f.,
Eyelid — koya, m., eyelid
;
the canthus of the eye.
P
False Gelding —vide Gelding. khundm, Farcy — vide Glanders
—
gum-ndm, and had-ndm are
bel,
:
dealers'
all
terms for the same disease.
Fabkier na'l-hand, shoeing-smith haytdr, Ar., a shoeing-smith as well sdlotri, H., veterinary surgeon. as a veterinary surgeon " Favour," to hdth (yd pd,on) bachdnd, to favour a leg vide Tender. :
:
—
Fawn
— Shlrdzi,
;
the colour of the Shirdzl breed of pigeon, that
lit.
fawn with white belly and four white P.,
fawn-coloured
Feather— bhaunrl,
all
over,
lit.
legs
is,
mirgd, H., and ghizdll,
:
" gazelle-coloured."
bhdnwari, Hindi, and pech-i mu, P., a " feather " in
Feathers have endless names expressive of good or bad luck according to their position, number, and shape the following are a few examples Jchosha (lit. " bunch of grapes, an ear of com or a cluster") was a Moghul term for two or more feathers on the forehead dogar, the Panjabi name for the same sengan or chimtd sengan (probably connected with the word s7ngh horn), qaincM, "scissors," and mendha "a ram" (butting to misfortune), were terms for these feathers where one was above the other mdrut {lit. " elephant's trunk ") name of a feather behind the coat of a horse.
:
:
:
—
—
:
the knees or near the scrotum.
Feed
— nihdri, morning-feed
also extra food
;
to ekJcd ponies, &c., on a journey
the evening feed
Feeder — kam-khor, glutton)
—
:
;
:
^
means
colloquially often
adj.,
a poor-feeder:
bhukel, Panj.,
petil,
and bhukkar
in
Feet vide Canker. Fennel saunf, Hindi; bddydn, Turki and Fenugreek methl, H. Fetlock mutthd, m., of fore- or hind-leg.
— — —
Fever— ^ajo-i
larza, s.m.,
Fill, TO (op leg)
Filly — vide Foal. •
2
ozs. turmeric, flour, is
dtd or coarse
ague
—pay and
;
:
or
with up to 1 an ordinary
balghmi
pay
;
or the pick-me-up given
ddna, m., grain, often used for
gram."
adj.,
greedy-feeder
(lit.
Behar (always hungry).
Pers., Foeniculum vnlgare.
tap,
(or nas)
lb. of gvr or receipt.
''
a bad feverish cold.
men warm and
:
vide Sprain.
raw sugar, and an equal amount
of
— —
;
.
APPENDIX " C "
65
ddghrw. (also to brand).
FiBE, TO,
— mdchhll, H., and mdki, P. in some places given to horses and Fistula —vide Sinus. H. Flank —kokh, Flat-feet —vide Foot. (Ar. of Flatulency —riydh, Flea-bitten obey —magasi, Hindu and Pers. abrash, Ar., vide Grey. Fish
f.,
f.,
;
cattle.
f.,
rlh).
pi.
f.
:
Fleam — vide Lancet. Floue maida, m., H.
—
wheaten)
(fine
:
dtd, m.,
H. (coarse
flour, of
anything) " Flowered "
vide Spotted.
—
Fly makkht, f., H. vide Flyblows sdhl, f., H. :
also Horse-fly.
—
Foal.
—hachherd,
H., gen., colt
two years old
:
hachherl, H., gen., filly
du-yak, three-year old
:
muhr, Ar., when
bom
first
:
nd-kand, until
:
chdr-sdld, four-year old
hawll, Ar., one-year old
:
:
:
gabhin,
" in foal."
adj.,
— —
Foam kaf, m., P. Fodder patthd, m., H.
vide Wheat. foment or steam senknd, a general term for the many ways of wet and dry fomenting and steaming, and
Foment, to
chdra, m.
:
;
— bhapdr dena, to
also for toasting
;
:
word
(the
Steam. Foot, Feet
—sum,
also
means
to incubate, of birds)
:
vide
P. (uncloven) khur, Hindi (cloven) chapdti-sum, "pancake-hoofed"), flat-footed with brittle or pumiced feet: khar-suma (lit. "ass-hoofed"), with straight and bad hoofs " the term gives the idea of tripping [one would expect " ass-hoofed to mean " with contracted heels "]. Forage ddna ghds, m., H. rdtib, any daily allowance tnde Fodder. Forearm bdzu, m., P. zira', Ar. (" the forearms should be muscular H., adj.
:
;
(lit.
;
— —
:
:
;
and look like a
Forehead —-peshdni,
fish, f.
:
mdhi
:
").
qubh-peshdnl,
adj.,
said
a horse
of
with
a
projecting or bulging forehead.
Forelock
—
chonti,
Hindi
:
ndsiya,
Ar. and Hindu.
[Saises have
an
objection to cutting off the forelock.]
—
Forge, to
Frog
—
^putll
na^l bajdnd (of horses). :
vide Opacity.
a Gall-nut— vide Oak-gall.
Gallop
—poya,
m., or po,i,
chalnd,
v.,
to
a very slow gallop or a canter ; ehdr-tag
f.,
sarpat, f., and adv., fully extended poya go at a slow gallop or at a canter paffi daurdnd, or
(daurnd), a faster gallop
:
:
:
5
—
—
—
APPENDIX "
66
C
"
sarpat daurdnd, or pTienhnd, to go at a full gallop
dapatnd, to go at a full gallop (also to shout out in a threatening manner to an enemy, to servants). " Gazelle-bellied " vide Herring-gutted.
Geld, lO—aJchta karnd gen., but spec, for
Gelding
— akhta,
adj.
:
khasl
:
rams or
k.,
:
and cocks
spec, for goats,
badhiyd
:
Tc.
bulls.
aTchta-wdr, false-gelding, said of a horse that has
apparently no testes
—
:
a birth defect.
Ginger^ adrah, f., P. (green) south, m., H. (dry). Girth tang : chMp, f., H. (girth-tugs).
—
Girth-gall
:
— tang
led
—
lagnd.
Glanders Jchundk ; bad-ndm : semha or semhha. There are two kinds, " male " and " female " the " male " attacks the forepart of the horse and the " female " the hinder hel, or hadndm-i nar is Farcy, while had-ndm-i mdda, the female, is Glanders vide Farcy. Glove hatthl, f., H., a hair-glove vide Brush. GoDOWN OF Water ghunt, f., H. [ghuntna, to swallow]. :
;
;
—
GOOR
;
—
;
vide Gur.
GOOSE-RUMPED tahar-gun, adj., lit. "axe-like," i.e., wedge-like; said of a horse with triangular-looking quarters when viewed from behind a great defect. A horse with tahar-gun quarters is goose-rumped as well, and the quarters usually narrow to a point behind. ;
Gram
— chand, m., sing, or
pi.
:
— angilr bharnd,
vide Feed.
H. dUb ghds, f., H, khalal, Panjabi. Grass-cutter ghasiydrd, H. a cutter or a seller of grass. Grease, to chikndnd chuparnd, gen., to smear thickly. Granulate, to
GsASS^ghds,
—
f.,
—
H.
—sabza or
:
:
;
:
grey with dark mane and tail nila sabza dark iron-grey savjdb, H. (from Per. sinjdb, the grey squirrel 2) grey with the skin black and white in patches (the black patches on the skin are often noticeable only when the animal is wet) Idl-sabza, H., nutmeg grey surkha, according to some a grey, or white, with white mane and tail, and a dark skin according to others a nutmeg-grey, and according to one writer this is one of the radical colours, being boz, T. (a term now obsolete of the hue of pure a&Svoji, vide Colour in India), some kind of light grey asfar. At., lit. " yellow " and
Grey
sabzd, P. H.,
:
:
:
:
;
:
:
as,hab, Ar.,
nutmeg grey; rummdnl
scarlet, like
the pomegranate flower) ditto
in
(Algeria)
:
ash,hab, Ar., white-grey, that
meg
:
vide "White,
grey
—dalnd Gripes—marord.
Grind
(coarsely)
:
and
Baghdad is,
:
azraq,
colloquial
{lit.
Ar., blue-grey
grey exclusive of nut-
Flea-bitten.
plsnd (finely).
"Gingering"; Indian dealers use a chilli. Grey squirrel and not ermine. The white bellies of the sinjdb are sewn together separately from the backs and dotted mth the black ear- tips. *
^
—
.
"C"
APPENDIX
Groom
—
67
subs.
sd,is,
— —
Groom, to mdlish kamd : vide Rub. Grumbling vide Borborygmi. Gullet halq, m., Ar.
Gum
— —gond, m., H. (gum Arabic) (gum
gogal
Gums GuR
mastaki (mastic)
:
katird (tragacanth)
:
:
gogal).
—masurhd or masiird, m., H. gur, m., H.,
raw unrefined sugar.
—
Hair
rongtd, H., fine hair
man
on the body of
fOfdn or rowan, m., sing., pi. ro,en ditto
mane or
thick hair of
Half-bred
Halter
Hames
—jurda, P., by an Abrab sire out of
or haiisU, f., H. (lit. the collar-bone and ornament for the neck).
—unjal
handful
Hard
—ghore
bhar (double)
also lap)
;
Ted
:
rom, m,, or
;
and
pi.,
long
a Persian dam. also
liasll
silver
Handful
or animals
hdl, m., sing,
or of men's heads and faces.
tail,
—nuktd, m., H.
—
:
mutthl (a
:
fist full)
:
a gold or
ek unjal (one open
chullu (a single handful of liquid)
badan gathild ho-gayd or gath-gayd.
—
Hard-mouthed munh-zor : stna-zor, adj. (properly said of a hardmouthed horse that touches its chest with its chin) had-lugdm : vide Runaway. Harness sdz, m., P. aggal pichchhal Jed sdz (tandem harness). Haw batdna, m., the haw of the eye the conjunctiva membrane. Head sir, m., H. sar, m., P. :
— —
—
:
;
:
— — — vide Halter. Heart— m., P. Heat-stroke — par garmi char-ga,i: garmd-zadagi, P.
Head-collar vide Halter. Head-ropes agdri. Headstall sir-duwdli (pi a bridle)
:
dil,
sir
—
Heel hhunti, heel of man or Heel-ropes—^c^Aarf, f., H.
Hemp
—bhang
gdnjd, m.,
horse.
f., H. (leaves of Indian hemp) H. (the dried flowers) charas (the resin)
or bhdng,
:
—
;
:
sabzl (ditto)
vide
:
Tow.
Herring-gutted dhu-shikam, lit. " gazelle-bellied " patll pet-wdld, H. Hiccough fawdq, Ar. hichki, f., H. Hide-bound ^ild khushk hond. High-stepping dhamdl kamd, to step high; so called from the noise
—
:
:
—
—
made by the horses's feet (lit. a kind of springing dance to a tomtom, common amongst cowherds and low class Hindus the dancer springs up and down on his own ground singing loudly). ;
;
—
High-withered vide Withers. Hind-quarters putfhd, m., H.
—
:
vide also Quarters.
6
— ——— —
;.
.
APPENDIX " C "
68
Hip
—kuld, hip:
gd,o hula, adj., lit. "ox-hipped," i.e., with ragged hips: kam-kuld or ek-surin, adj., with dropped hip, with one hip lower than the other singhdrd kuld, adj. (lit. " with hips like the :
singhdrd or water-nut ").
—
Hives vide Urticaria. Hobbles muzamma (for hind
—
legs)
:
pd,on chhdndnd (to hobble and
turn loose).
— bdbarl, k. (Eng. — rahnd (of a
Hog, to Hold, to
? to
ddr Jiond (of animals)
—
barber?).
mare or a woman, or any animal)
-pet
:
shikam-
vide Foal.
:
Hole ghar, m., H. (in stirrup-leather). HoLLOw-BACKED vide Saddle-backed. Holsters quhur, f Honey shahad, m., Ar. madh., m., H.
— — HoOD kan-sild vide Clothing. Hoof— m., P. (uncloven) :
:
svmi.,
(crust of hoof)
HoOF-PiCKER "
Horned
"
:
that not
a
:
shdkh, m.
sum-khodm,
f.
shdkh-dar, adj., said of a horse with a fleshy growth (like
uncommonly found under the jaws
the head or elsewhere
Horse
khur, m., Hindi (cloven)
;
vide Feet.
man with
of sheep
a monstrosity and unlucky
;
;
and goats) on compared to
is
six fingers.
—ghord, m., H., and
gJiori, f.
gurud, obs., H., a horse with a large
;
yard, large testicles, and large houghs ghar ghord nakhds mol, Prov. " to buy a pig in a poke " (lit. the horse is at home bat the price is :
fixed in the horse-market)
horse and a
'
woman
:
ghord aur randl subh dekhnd chdhiye, " a
should be vetted in the morning "
'
— (Saying)
HoRSE-PLY kuttd-makkhl, H. khar-magas, P. Horse-shoe vide Shoe. Horsing ghort dlang ld,i, " the mare is in season." Hough hunch, i., H. pichhld zdnu : vide Leg.
—
—
:
—
:
—
Humours khilt, Ar. pi. akhldt, the hal^am or phlegm dam, blood ;
;
four
humours of the body, and sawdd, black
safrd, bile
;
viz.,
bile
these are also mixed up with " heat," " cold," " dryness," and " damp," which qualities are also found in medicines.
Hump— kohdn, hump
of camel or Indian ox.
—vide Shape. Corn — {hart) makd,l,
I
Ill-shaped
Indian
f.,
H.
:
bhuttd, m., H., the unripe heads
(confused with juwdr, large millet, the leaves and stalks of which are the fodder chart).
Indigestion
— bad-hazml
:
jaw-gird and bdd-glrd (in indigestion a horse
appears to be suffering from rheumatism) foot
from Laminitis)
:
vide Dyspepsia.
:
db-gird (also water in the
——
——
— APPENDIX " C "
— — dnt,
Inflammation Intestines
Itch— Mtt/Zi,
Jackal
—
—
sozish,
f.,
f.,
f.,
H,
P.
:
jalan,
antri,
;
69
H.
f.,
H.
f.,
H. (the feeling as well as the disease).
J vide Wolf.
Jade maryal, adj. (applied to a worn-out horse or bullock). Jaundice (common in India) yaraqdn, m., Ar. Jaw jabrd, m., H.
—
JJ WAR — large-millet, Jib, to
Joint
—aryal,
—
com.
hdrun, Ar. adj.
:
xjide
:
gdnth,
f.,
H.
:
girah,
f.,
P.
K
— vide Gum. machhll,
H.
f.,
" a fish ")
(lit.
:
chhalld, m.,
H.
a ring).
—mitti
Kerosine Kick, to
hdruni kardan, Ind.
Eye.
Kateera (Jcatira) Keeper (on reins) (lit.
:
adj.
—^or, m., H.
Judge
arnd
MSS.
Pers.
Jibber
vide Indian
—gah-glr hona or
Ted tel.
—du-lattl mama or
(with one hind leg)
:
chaldnd (with both hind legs)
pushtdk
— latti-bdz pushtak-bdz — gurda, m., P.
Kicker Kidney
;
" Kite-coloured "
Knee — zdnil,
;
chil, obs., of
m., P.
mdmd
Idt
mdmd
lattar (?)
the colour of the
ghutnd, m., H.
:
:
(with both hind legs).
Common
Kite.
shutur-band or camel-jointed
:
said of a horse with long fleshy knees like a camel
;
a defect
:
;
vide
Capped-knee.
KuMREE
kamari,
f.
L Lame — lang Lameness
:
kuhna-lang, chronically lame.
—vide Shoulder-lameness.
Laminitis
— sum ki tap
Lam PAS
tdlu,d,
Lancet
nashtar, poet, neshtar, lancet
—
:
vide Indigestion,
and Shoulder-lameness.
m. :
pachhnd, a barber's instrument for
cutting nails and also for scarifying.
Laringitis
— khushka.
—
Laughing-mouthed vide Month. Lead sendur, H., red oxide of lead. Lead, to tahldnd, H., and rol kamd, Eng. (?) (to exercise by leading) bag pakar-ke le-jdnd (lead by hand) doriyakar le-jdnd (to lead by
—
—
:
:
rope).
—
Leaf pattd, m,, H. Leech —jonk, f., H.
:
konpal or kopal, f^ H., young leaves.
6 *
— ——
;
" APPENDIX " C
70 " Left-footed "
— [Old-fashioned
Muslims
on a journey, or cross
start
A
the threshold of their houses, with the right foot
first. horse that " enters a ford or crosses the threshold of its stable with the " left
an unlucky animal and
foot first is
" left-footed."
The proper
styled
is
by some chap-dast or
however, of chap-dast
signification,
is
" having the off-fore white " (unlucky), but vide under Stocking].
Leg
—hath, Hindi, and leg,
and ^a,
legged,"
is
dast, P.,
and
P.,
rijl,
and yad, Ar., fore-leg
Ar. (ditto)
:
pd,on, H., hind-
Jcanidn-pd, adj.,
:
lit.
"bow-
applied to a horse with the proper curve in the hind-leg
straight-dropped hind-legs were not admired nor very sickle-hocks. Murgh-pd, adj., lit. " cock-legged," that is, with straight-dropped hind-legs
a defect according to old authors
;
fashioned swordsmen,
who used thorn
bits
:
probably the old-
and chdr-jdma or
felts
instead of saddles, found that the slightly sickle-houghed horses
jumped
quicker
off
:
the term murgh-pd
rectly, applied to a horse
is sometimes, but incorwith upright pasterns. For Swelled- legs
vide Lymphangitis.
Lentil
—masur,
f.,
Leopard-spotted
—
—
H., the edible lentil
;
a kind of ddl.
vide Spotted.
Leprosy haras, the white spotted leprosy pes. LiaHT-MOUTHED ghore ha munh narm hai. Lime chund, m., H. Linseed alsl and im: als^ Ted tel (linseed oil; in the bazars ;
—
—
Sesamum
Lip
oil is
—honth, m., H.
Lip-strap " List "
often sold as linseed
oil)
:
til
or
vide Oilcake.
— hahddwri. sell.
— H. horse-dung) [khdd, H., manure, in Liver — H. (of animals) kalejd man). Livery Stables — argard, m., H. a riding-school, and a cab-stand). H. malakh. m., P. (locusts are in some parts Locust — or Litter
(prop.,
lid, f.,
kalejl,
f.,
:
f.,
fields].
(of
;
(also
tiddi
of India
Loins
tiddl,
f.,
:
and in Arabia given
— kamar,
to horses
and
cattle).
P.
f.,
LoNG-wiNDED dur-dam. Lope gurg-davl, P., obs. (lit. "wolf-ran"). Lop-eared pareshdn-gosh, lit. " scatter-eared." Lunge, to Iambi rassi se chakkar dend : kdwdk derm. Lungs -phephrd, m., H.
—
—
—
—
Lymphangitis
—zahr-hdd, lymphangitis, oedema, anasarca, and sometimes
erysipelas, j. v.
—diwdnagl. of Maggots —
M
Madne ss
Maize
—
klre, pi.
klrd,
any
insect or small crawling thing.
vide Indian corn.
Make much
of, to
—dildsa dend;
thdpi dend.
————— —
—
"C "
APPENDIX " Man-btbd "
:
71
vide Wall-eyed.
Mange — chul, non-contagious mange
agan-hdd, contagious
:
mange
vide
:
Prickly-heat, and Itch.
Mabe — ghori,
H.
f.,
" Maee-faced "
:
mddydn,
and flat cheeks. Marigold gendd, m., H. gen.
—
(double)
—
P.
f .,
mdda-ru, said of a horse that has a narrow forehead
:
phirJci,
H.
f.,
(single)
:
hazdra (gendd)
gul-i sad-barg, P.
:
qashqa or qashqd, T., the sect-mark on the forehead of Hindus any white mark on an animal's forehead vide Blaze, Reach, and Star ddnt ki siydhi, mark on the teeth also manjan (lit. toothpowder made of charcoal). Martingale zer-hand: stops for vide Keeper. Mash maheld, a mash properly of moth or the aconite-leaved kidney bean Magh mahela Sawan karwa tel
Mark
;
:
:
;
—
—
—
,
:
Bhado khir khilakar
tera dil chahe jahan tel,
a saying amongst Delhi horse-dealers. goshi^ m., P. (meat is given to horses in frigid countries). Melanosis bamhml and kolas. is
Meat
—
—
Membrane —^hilli, f., H. Mercury —-fdrd, m., H. Mill
:
— chakki,
bullocks)
f., :
slm-ab, m., P.
hand-mill
H.,
zibaq,
:
kal
:
Jd
to..,
Ax.
chakki
(Eng.,
worked by
pan-chakki, water-mill.
—
Miscellaneous vide Scintillant, and Colour. " Mole " siydh khdl, a black spot on the coat. " Moon-faced "
vide Blaze.
MooN-STEUCK vide Tetanus. Moth vide Mash. MousE-cOLOURED SOT or s»r, obs. mushl, "coloured like the field-rat." Mouth munh, m., H. dahan, P. bdchh, f., H., the corner of the vide mouth khanda-dahdn, adj., with a deep laughing mouth Light-mouthed.
—
:
—
:
:
:
Mucus
:
— anw, m., H., mucus specially that voided in dysentery mucus from the eye
klchar,
snot
:
:
rent, L, H.,
:
gidh or
mucus from the
nose,
khakhdrd, m., H. (from throat).
Mule — khacJiar,
and khachari, f. astar, P. astar-dum, vide " Ass-tailed."
m,, H.,
" Mule-tailed "
:
— m., P. — white mustard, rape-seed, sinapis glauca, Roxb. tdrd H. vide Oil-cake. mird, black mustard, Brassica nigra: the nose and mouth chinkd (lagdnd or Muzzle—thuthni or
Muscle Mustard
gosht,
(lit. flesh).
sarson,
:
rd,i,
thothni,
f.,
:
:
bdndhnd), a fastening for the mouth.
Myrobalan
—har
or haXeld, m., the Chebulic
anwald or amid, m., H., Emblic three kinds of myrobalan.
:
:
bdherdy m., H., Gelleric
tir-phald, m., H., a mixture of all
—— ———
.
APPENDIX " C "
72
Nail
N
— mekk,
f.,
P.
Neat's Foot Oil
Neck
—gardan,
preg,
:
—pair kd
f.,
P.
H.
stiff,
tasma-gardan, adj.,
;
H.
m.,
tel,
takhta-gardan, adj.,
:
horse with a coarse,
angle
f.,
lit.
" plank-necked," said of a
unsupple neck and a head set on at a bad " strap-necked," the reverse of the former ;
and too supple neck the place of junction of the head and neck vide Arch. said of a horse with a thin, wispy,
;
/a,ig, Ar.,
:
Neem —nim,
neem
m., H., the
Melia azadirachta.
tree,
[A
decoction of
the leaves of the nim and the hakd,in or Persian Lilac
is
a native
remedy for sprains] Neigh, to Mnhindnd, H. Neighing hinhindhat, f,, H. shayha, Ar. Nerve *asab, Ar,
—
—
—
:
Night-blind
—shdb-kor, Hindus. rataundhyd, Hindi. —shah-kori. Hindus. rataundhd, P.,
Night-blindness
;
P.,
;
Hindi
;
also
rataundhi.
— galami — H. Nose ndk, Nose-bag— m., H. Nose-band—nds-band naknrd, m., Panj. Nostril— nathnd, H. nose-ring]. Nux Vomica—kuchld, m., H. O Oak-gall—mdzu, m,, P. Oats — (imldyati) H. Obstruction —sudda, P. and Hindus., an obstruction, Nitre
shora.
f.,
tohrd,
:
f.,
:
\_nathni,
ja,l,
especially in the
bowel.
—
CEdema vide Lymphangitis. Oil tel, m., H. karwd tel (of mustard,
—
:
Tily
Oil-cake
q. v.)
vide Castor
:
oil,
Kerosine,
&G.
—khali, Hindi, what remains after the
oil-cake is given to milch-cows
oil is
expressed; (mustard
and goats and linseed
oil-cake to
horses).
—
Ointment marham, m., P. On and Off " damdana. " Onyx-etbd " vide Wall>eyed. Opacity in the Eye putli, opacity from a blow "
—
the eye
—
;
frog of the foot
;
a
Opium afim, f., vulg. for afyun, f. Ophthalmia gJiore ki dnkh d,i. Over at the Knees ghufne dge ko jhuke
—
" Ox-hipped " " Ox-hoofed "
—
[putli, also
^ pupil of
hu,e.
vide Hip.
gd,o-suma, adj., said of a horse that has a hoof resembling
a cloven hoof. "
;
doll].
Ox-witherbd "
vide Withers.
—
——
APPENDIX " C "
Paces
—langoriyd, an
73
P pace in which the horse canters, as
artificial
it
were,
bounds unchl hud, the same style of pace but the bounds are short and the pace slower vide Ambling. Pain dard, m., P. Palatk tdlu, m., H. Pancreas labbd. Panne L gaddl (of saddle). in long
:
;
—
—
Pant, to
—
— hdnpnd.
Parrot-mouthed
—
tott-danddn, " parrot-mouthed."
lit.
Paralysis
—
tota-ddhan, adj.,
:
rusgh, pi. arsdgh.
vide Blotched.
Pastern —gdmchhl. :
:
—fdlij (of part of the face).
Parti-coloured Ax.
" parrot-toothed "
lit.
f.,
H,
Leg
vide also
:
khurda or khurd-gah, P.
for " straight-pasterns "
kachra, a
:
growth or
swelling in the hollow of the pastern, considered incurable.
—tdpnd or tap mdmd
Paw, to
:
tdp chaldnd or
mdmd
(to strike
with the
fore-foot in anger).
Pepper
— gol
mirch (pepper-corns)
pipal, m.,
:
H. (long-pepper)
:
vide
Chillies.
Periosteum
—haddl
Pestle and Mortar
— Piebald — Phlegm
kl jhilli.
— hdwan dasta.
Humours.
vide
" PiCK-MB-UP."
vide Feed.
ahlaq. At., piebald
piebald,
Pigeon-toed
i.e.,
:
q. v.
:
ablaq-i
siydh, true
vide also Blotched.
—pair men andar hi taraf td,o hai.
Pig-eye — sur lit.
or skewbald,
black and white
dnkh ;
hi si
dnhh, vide Wall-eyed: turk-chashm,
hillt hi si
Turk-eyed.
—zanhur, — thopnd chhopnd (for walls). Plunge, to — lambd,i bhamd chauhfi bharnd (to spring like a black-buck). Pneumonia —phephfi hi btmdri (lung disease). any good point or good trait husn, Ar., any good Point — khuhi, Pincers
f.
Plaister, to
;
:
P.,
:
outward shape tnde Defect. Pony tattii, m., H., and tattu,dnt, f. ydbH, P., T. (gen. implies a coarse pack-animal) tdngan, H., a hill-pony ghUnt, a kind of hill-pony point, that
of
is,
—
:
:
:
lissa tattii tdza
PopPY
:
:
ghord (native saying).
kohndr, U., the opium-poppy plant, Papaver somniferum
:
post,
m., P., poppy-heads.
—
Pore masdmrn, m., Ar. Porridge hartra (made of many things). Port jlbhi or jibbhi : zahdncha (?). Poultice lubdi, H., a mass of anything of the consistency of wet dough,
—
— —
a poultice,
(fee.
——
; :
.
74
APPENDIX
—
Powder
buknl, f., H. (ditto) safuj, m., Ar., any medicine in powder puriya (or puri/), any small thing wrapped up in paper or leaves, and hence a dose in powder. Prance, to ndchnd, lit. to dance jhamaknd in Behar. :
;
— —vide Foal and Hold. Prickly-heat — khdrisht or kharish, gen., also mange, :
Pregnant
Prophet's Thumb
—
Mark— Angiothd,
Panj.
Proud Flesh bad-gosU. Pulse nabz (dehhna), the throbbing of the science of feeling and understanding the
—
q. v.
nishdn-i angitsht, Pers.
;
blood-vessels: nahbdzl, the pulse.
Pulse (grain) ddl ; masur; moth, q. v.; c^awa (grain), Pumiced Feet— w'cZe Foot. Pupil of the Eye -putli, vide also Opacity.
Purge Pus
—
t)i(ie
Gram.
—
—
vide Drench.
chor, Hindi, pus,
properly a sinus,
q. v. (chor,
a thief), pip or pib,
f .,
H., pus.
Qasil
Q
—vide Fodder. —
Quarters putthd, m., H. Goose-rumped. Quiet gha/rib (of horse).
;
kafal, Ar.
and P.
:
Urdu
sdghari, local
:
vide
—
Race
—
B ghor-dav/r.
RiCE-couRSE course
Racer
ghor-daur ka maiddn, gen.
;
ghor-daur kd chakkar, the
itself.
—ghor-daurl ghord.
Ragged-hipped —vide Hip.
Rasp
—
Reach
reti, f.,
—shakll
legs
Rear, to
Rein— Resin —
unlucky; [jgharwdsh
;
—
Refuse, to
H. and gAarwdsh, a reach when there
alif
hond
:
is, lit.,
"a
no white on the :
vide Blaze.
slkh-pd hond.
—kudd,l par phatnd,
to refuse a
H. rdl, m., H. Retention of Urine peshdb band hond. Rheumatism githyd or gathiyd, m., H. from bd,oi, f., H., " wind "). Rib pasli, f., H. rds,
is
weaver's reed"]
jump
:
vide Jib.
f.,
—
—
:
bd,i (applied to niany diseases
—
Rice
—chdnwal
(uncooked
rice)
bhdt (cooked rice)
;
birinj-i sdthi or sdtthl (Hindus.,
rains in " sixty days ")
Riding
:
—ek-andiyd,
birinj, P.,
gen.
dhdn, m., H. (in husk).
— rdn-sawdri (as opposed
to riding
kajdwa)
Rig
:
a red-skinned rice that ripens in the
adj. (objected to).
on an elephant or
in a camel-
—
APPENDIX
"C"
75
—
Ring-bone chakdund, m., ring-bone on fore-foot pushtak, m., ring-bone on hind-foot; gdnd, m., false ring-bone, ring-bone too high up to ;
cause lameness.
BiNGWOBM
dad,
f.,
H.
—shutur kohdn
(lit. dromedary-humped, camel-backed). some kind of roan, apparently a strawberry roan with red mane and tail term now obsolete in India china, also chinl,^ applied to a kind of roan, that is, to a bay or chesnut with
Roach-backed
Roan — chdl
or chal, T.,
:
;
small separate white flecks or spots.
instead of flecks, the white
If,
chamhd in ckambd the body may be of any colour, but the belly and the legs above the knees, &c., are white or splashed with white, and there is also white in the tail garrd, a red uniform roan with red, mane and tail garra-e chambd, a red-roan splashed with white, vide Chambd : garra-e kumedi, red-roan with
is
in splashes,
it is
;
:
:
black legs.
Roar
—sherdam karnd.
Roaring
—sherdaml,
subs.
Roller — Boby-roller. Rope — and Heel-ropes: H., vide Head rope. Rosette —kan-phul, m., H. vide Boss. Rough-rider—chd^uk-sawdr. B^yfEL—phirki, H. Runaway—ghora bag par phattd hai (idiom). Rob, by hand— hdth malnd. vide
-ropes,
rassl, f.,
bag-dor, picketing
:
f.,
se
S Saddle
—
zln, m., P.
:
khogir, said to be identical
with the ehdr-jdma or
formerly used as a saddle. Saddle-backed zln-pusht, lit. "saddle-backed": felt
—
country Cutch). Saddle-cloth namda, m. (felt) ; tahru, f. (ditto ?) Saddle-covering bogh-band, m., P. zin-posh, m.
—
—
—
Sal-ammoniac
rdl, f.,
iron.
lit.
"fan"
:
daman, m., P.
(saddle-flap).
1.
Rock-salt, saindhava, the best of all salts-
Black-
2.
kdld nimak, a preparation of sodium chloride and sulphuret of 3. Earth-salts,
namak (Epsom '
f.
H.
called
coast salt, called pang.
5.
generally khdrl nimak.
Bengal
4.
Sdnchar, non-crystallised salt
:
jtdldbi
salts).
In pigeons chini means
spots.
^araq-glr,
— nawshddar, m., P.
— Salt —namak. salt,
:
of the
(lit.
:
Saddle-flap—pawA;^, m., H., Saddle-stand ghori. Saliva
kachhi
"white" with nomeroos small "Uack"
or
"red"
—— — ——
76
APPENDIX
—shnqdq, m., Ar. — Biter.
Sand-crack Savage, to
—
in Arabic also namlah.
:
vide
Scab thikrl, f., H., lit. "potsherd," is applied by stablemen to an unhealthy scab that will not peel off, concealing a wound that won't granulate.
ScAEiPY
pachhne dend, to cut
lines in the skin, as the three cuts
on the
cheek made by Arabs born in Mekkah vide Lancet. " SciNTiLLANT " akhgariya, adj. and subs. m. (from akhgar, " an :
ember
")
;
said of a horse that emits electric sparks
when groomed
;
objected to.
—
Scissors qainchl, f,, T., scissors or clippers. " Scorpion "—uidfe Blaze.
Scrotum
—fota:
Scurf— rzm,
—
[kis,
Ar.].
f.
Season dlang land, to come to season. Seat dsdn, m., H. uskd dsdn dhild hai, " he has a loose seat " jam-kar
—
:
:
"he sits close." stum men khushki d-gd,i,
baifhtd hai,
Seedy-toe
—
lit.
"dryness has come into the
hoof."
— — —
Send Or red oxide of lead. Sesamum til, m., H. vide Linseed. Shaft bam, f., H. bdr-kash ki chungl, f., shaft-tug. Shape dhang, m., H. siirat ki qabdhat, ill-shape, ugliness, or outward :
:
—
:
defect " Sheath "
Shoe
:
—na%
vide Defect. ghildf, m., Ar.
:
m., horse-shoe:
vide Excrescence.
kothi-ddr naH, Panj., a plate of iron with
hole in the middle, an all round Indian shoe
a bar shoe:
thickened heels
Shoeing
na%
khunti-ddr
— na'lbandl,
thokar-ddr-na% shoe with
:
new
putting on
shoes
;
Shoulder
;
also
clips.
:
bad-naH, adj., said of
be shod.
let itself
—shdna, m., P.
gol-na^l (ditto)
opp. to khul-bandi, pairing
the hoof and re-shoeiug with the old shoes
a horse that won't
:
a shoe with calpins or one with
gd,o-shdna, adj., lit. "ox-shouldered," that with heavy shoulders or with forelegs placed too far back.
Shoulder-lameness
:
— sina-band or chhdtl-band,
lame in the shoulder: or undiagnosed [a horse with shoulder lameness, however, is adj.,
formerly also applied to a horse with the disease of laminitis
lame
in
— —
:
—
SiTFAST
medkhi.
Skeleton
— thathri,
—
unknown
one leg only].
Shy bharaknd ; ram kamd. SiCKLE-HODGHED vide Leg. Sinew vide Tendon. Sinus ndsur, a sinus, a fistula
Skewbald
is,
f,,
H.
ablaq, also
(lit.
a
chor, " vide " Pus.
:
bamboo frame)
piebald,
q. v.
:
ablaq-i
:
pinjra,
m.
(lit.
a cage).
surang, a chesnut-and-
———— — " APPENDIX " C white skewbald
ablaq-i zarda,
;
a.
77
dan-and- white skewbald; ablaq-i abUiq-i garrd^ white-and-
magasi, a flea-bitten grey and a white
roan skewbald j ablaq-i
—chamrd, m., H. Skittish —chanchal.
;
copper and white,
hind,l,
