-700 Series Industrial Grade Sata Ssd Product Manual

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Cactus Technologies, Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual July 11, 2011 Corporate Headquarters Suite C, 15/F, Capital Trade Center 62 Tsun Yip Street, Kwun Tong Kowloon, Hong Kong 1 Cactus Technologies, Limited The information in this manual is preliminary and is subject to change without notice. Cactus Technologies ® , Limited shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein; nor for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Cactus makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Cactus assume any liability arising out of the application or use of its products, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. Cactus products are not designed, intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body or in other applications intended to support or sustain life or for any application where the failure of a Cactus product can result in personal injury or death. Users of Cactus products for such unintended and unauthorized applications shall assume all risk of such use and shall indemnify and hold Cactus and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, expenses and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended and unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Cactus was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. All parts of the Cactus documentation are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved. This documentation may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without prior consent, in writing, from Cactus Corporation. © 2005-2011 Cactus Technologies Limited. All rights reserved. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 2 Cactus Techologies, Limited Table of Contents 1.Introduction to Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Products ...............................................5 1.1.Supported Standards..........................................................................................................................................6 1.2.Product Features................................................................................................................................................6 1.2.1.Host and Technology Independence......................................................................................................6 1.2.2.Defect and Error Management...............................................................................................................6 1.2.3.Power Supply Requirements...................................................................................................................7 2.Product Specifications.........................................................................................................................................................7 2.1.System Environmental Specifications..............................................................................................................7 2.2.System Power Requirements.............................................................................................................................7 2.3.System Performance..........................................................................................................................................8 2.4.System Reliability.............................................................................................................................................8 2.5.Physical Specifications......................................................................................................................................8 2.5.1.2.5” SATA SSD Physical Specifications...............................................................................................9 3. Interface Description........................................................................................................................................................11 3.1.SSD Pin Assignments and Pin Type...............................................................................................................11 3.2.Signal Description...........................................................................................................................................11 3.3.Electrical Specification...................................................................................................................................12 3.3.1.Absolute Maximum Ratings.................................................................................................................12 3.3.2.DC Characteristics................................................................................................................................12 3.3.3.Power Cycle Requirement....................................................................................................................13 3.3.4.AC Characteristics................................................................................................................................13 4.ATA Drive Register Set Definition and Protocol.............................................................................................................13 4.1.ATA Task File Definitions..............................................................................................................................13 4.1.1.Data Register.........................................................................................................................................13 4.1.2.Error Register........................................................................................................................................13 4.1.3.Feature Register....................................................................................................................................14 4.1.4.Sector Count Register...........................................................................................................................14 4.1.5.Sector Number (LBA 7-0) Register.....................................................................................................14 4.1.6.Cylinder Low (LBA 15-8) Register.....................................................................................................14 4.1.7.Cylinder High (LBA 23-16) Register..................................................................................................14 4.1.8.Drive/Head (LBA 27-24) Register.......................................................................................................14 4.1.9.Status Registers.....................................................................................................................................15 4.1.10.Device Control Register.....................................................................................................................15 4.1.11.Drive Address Register.......................................................................................................................16 5.ATA Command Description.............................................................................................................................................16 5.1.ATA Command Set.........................................................................................................................................17 5.1.1.Identify Drive—ECH...........................................................................................................................18 5.2.SMART Command Set...................................................................................................................................20 5.2.1.SMART Read Date - D0h.....................................................................................................................20 5.2.2.Attribute ID Numbers...........................................................................................................................21 5.2.3.SMART Save Attribute Values – D3h.................................................................................................22 5.2.4.SMART Execute Offline Immediately – D4h.....................................................................................22 5.2.5.SMART Read Log Sector – D5h..........................................................................................................23 5.2.5.1.SMART Log Directory Structure.......................................................................................23 5.2.5.2.SMART Summary Error Log Structure.............................................................................24 5.2.5.3.SMART Selftest Log Structure..........................................................................................26 Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 3 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.2.5.4.SMART Selective Selftest Log Structure..........................................................................26 5.2.6.SMART Write Log Sector – D6h.........................................................................................................27 5.2.7.SMART Enable Operations – D8h.......................................................................................................28 5.2.8.SMART Disable Operations – D9h......................................................................................................28 5.2.9.SMART Return Status – DAh..............................................................................................................28 5.3.CTPurge™.......................................................................................................................................................28 5.3.1.Command Structure .............................................................................................................................28 5.3.2.Standards Compliance..........................................................................................................................29 5.3.3.Status Reporting....................................................................................................................................31 5.3.4.Time and Power Requirements.............................................................................................................31 5.4.CTWPROT™..................................................................................................................................................31 Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 4 Cactus Techologies, Limited 1.Introduction to Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Products Features: • Solid state design with no moving parts • Industry standard 2.5” Drive form factor • Capacities from 32GB to 128GB • Compliant with Serial ATA 2.6 specifications • Supports Serial ATA Generation I/II transfer rate of 1.5/3.0Gbps • Supports ATA SMART Feature Set • Supports ATA Security Feature Set • Supports NCQ with queue depth up to 32 • Supports TRIM command • Includes Cactus Pro Series Firmware features – CTPurge™ and CTWProt™ • Reed Solomon ECC capable of correcting 6/12 random single bit errors per sector • 64MB DRAM cache backed up by internal SuperCap for powerfail protection • High reliability, MTBF > 4,000,000 hrs. • Enhanced error correction, < 1 error in 1014 bits read • Intelligent power management to reduce power consumption • Voltage support: 5.0V±10% The Cactus Technologies -700 Series SATA Solid State Drive(SSD) is a high capacity solid-state flash memory product that complies with the Serial ATA 2.6 standard and is functionally compatible with a SATA hard disk drive. Cactus -700 Series SATA SSDs provide up to 128GB of formatted storage capacity in 2.5” form factor. The Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD product uses high quality SLC NAND flash memory from well known vendors, such as Toshiba Corporation. In addition, it include an on-drive intelligent controller that manages interface protocols, data storage and retrieval as well as ECC, defect handling and diagnostics, power management, and clock control. The controller’s firmware is upgradeable, thus allowing feature enhancements and firmware updates while keeping the BOM stable. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 5 Cactus Techologies, Limited 1.1. Supported Standards Cactus Technologies -700 Series SATA SSD is fully electrically compatible with the following specification: • • ATA 7 Specification published by ANSI: X3.221 AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives Serial ATA 2.6 Specification published by the Serial ATA International Organization 1.2. Product Features Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSD contains a high level, intelligent controller. This intelligent controller provides many capabilities including the following: • • • • • Standard ATA register and command set (same as found on most magnetic disk drives). Manages details of erasing and programming flash memory independent of the host system Sophisticated defect managing capabilities (similar to magnetic disk drives). Sophisticated system for error recovery using powerful error correction code (ECC). Intelligent power management for low power operation. 1.2.1. Host and Technology Independence Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSD appears as a standard SATA disk drive to the host system. The drive utilizes a 512-byte sector which is the same as that in an IDE magnetic disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host computer software simply issues an ATA Read or Write command to the drive as per the SATA protocol. The host software then waits for the command to complete. The host system does not get involved in the details of how the flash memory is erased, programmed or read as this is all managed by the built-in controller in the drive. Also, with the intelligent on-board controller, the host system software will not require changing as new flash memory evolves. Thus, systems that support the Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSD products today will continue to work with future Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSDs built with new flash technology without having to update or change host software. 1.2.2. Defect and Error Management Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSD contains a sophisticated defect and error management system similar to those found in magnetic disk drives. The defect management is completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data space. The soft error rate for Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSDs is much lower than that of magnetic disk drives. In the extremely rare case where a read error does occur, the drive has sophisticated ECC to recover the data. These defect and error management systems, coupled with the solid-state construction, give Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSDs unparalleled reliability. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 6 Cactus Techologies, Limited 1.2.3. Power Supply Requirements Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSD operates at a voltage range of 5.00 volts ± 10%. 2.Product Specifications For all the following specifications, values are defined at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless otherwise stated. 2.1. System Environmental Specifications Table 2-1. Environmental Specifications Cactus -700 SATA SSD Temperature Operating: 0° C to +70° C (Standard) -45° C to +90° C (Extended) Humidity Operating & Non- 8% to 95%, non-condensing Operating: Vibration Operating & Non- 20G, MIL-STD-883G Method Operating: 2005.2, Condition A Shock Operating & Non- 3,000 G, MIL-STD-883G Method Operating: 2002.4, Condition C Altitude (relative to sea level) Operating & Non- 100,000 feet maximum Operating: 2.2. System Power Requirements Table 2-2. Power Requirements Cactus Industrial SATA SSD DC Input Voltage (VCC) 100 mV max. ripple (p-p) (Maximum Average Value) See Notes. Cactus Technologies Limited 5V ±10% Sleep: Reading: Writing: 70mA 350mA 600mA -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 7 Cactus Techologies, Limited NOTES:All values quoted are typical at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless otherwise stated. Sleep mode is specified under the condition that all drive inputs are static CMOS levels and in a “Not Busy“ operating state. 2.3. System Performance All performance timings assume the drive controller is in the default (i.e., fastest) mode. Table 2-3. Performance Start Up Times Reset to ready: Read Transfer Rate : seq. 35 msec typical random Up to 250MB/s Up to 120MB/s Write Transfer Rate: seq. Up to 200MB/s random Up to 65MB/s Controller Overhead Command to 2 msec maximum DRQ . 2.4. System Reliability Table 2-4. Reliability MTBF (@ 25°C) > 4,000,000 hours Data Reliability < 1 non-recoverable error in 1014 bits READ Endurance: > 2,000,000 erase/program cycles 2.5. Physical Specifications The following sections provide the physical specifications for Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSD products. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 8 Cactus Techologies, Limited 2.5.1. 2.5” SATA SSD Physical Specifications Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 9 Cactus Techologies, Limited Figure 2-1. 2.5” SATA SSD Dimensions Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 10 Cactus Techologies, Limited 3. Interface Description The following sections provide detailed information on the Cactus Technologies -700 Series Industrial SATA SSD interface. 3.1. SSD Pin Assignments and Pin Type Cactus -700 Series SATA SSD uses industry standard 7+12 connector. The signal/pin assignments are listed in Table 3-5. Table 3-5. SSD Pin Assignments and Pin Type Signal Segme nt Pin # Signal Name Pin Type Power Segme nt Pin # Signal Name S1 GND S2 P1 3.3V RXP Analog In P2 3.3V S3 RXN Analog In P3 3.3V S4 GND P4 GND S5 TXN Analog Out P5 GND S6 TXP Analog Out P6 GND S7 GND P7 5V P8 5V P9 5V P10 GND P11 Reserved P12 GND P13 12V P14 12V P15 12V Pin Type 3.2. Signal Description Table 3-6 describes the I/O signals. Signals whose source is the host are designated as inputs while signals that the SATA SSD sources are outputs. The SATA SSD signal levels conform to those specified in the Serial ATA 2.6 Specification. Table 3-6. Signal Description Signal Name Dir. Description RXN AI Differential receive negative RXP AI Differential receive positive TXN AO Differential transmit negative Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 11 Cactus Techologies, Limited Signal Name Dir. TXP AO 3.3V Description Differential transmit positive 3.3V power supply; not used 12V 12V power supply; not used GND -- 5V Ground. 5V power supply 3.3. Electrical Specification The following table defines all D.C. Characteristics for the SATA SSD Series. Unless otherwise stated, conditions are: Vcc = 5V ± 10% Ta = -45°C to 90°C 3.3.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter 3.3.2. Symbol MIN MAX Unit s Storage Temperature Ts -65 +150 o Operating Temperature TA -45 +90 o Vcc with respect to GND Vcc -0.3 6.5 V Symbol MIN MAX Unit s Vin -0.5 Vcc + 0.5 V C C DC Characteristics Parameter Input Voltage Output Voltage Vout -0.3 Vcc + 0.3 V Input Leakage Current ILI -10 10 uA Output Leakage Current ILO -10 10 uA Input/Output Capacitance Operating Current Sleep Mode Active Cactus Technologies Limited CI/Co 10 ICC pF mA 70 600 -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 12 Cactus Techologies, Limited 3.3.3. Power Cycle Requirement Cactus -700 Series SATA SSD products has internal SuperCap power backup to protect internal data integrity in the event of a sudden power loss. As a result, when power to the drive is removed, the drive stays powered up internally for up to 10s. Therefore, if the host system intends to power cycle the drive to reset it, the power must be removed for at least 10s before being re-applied. 3.3.4. AC Characteristics Cactus -700 Series SATA SSD products conforms to all AC timing requirements as specified in the Serial ATA specifications. Please refer to that document for details of AC timing for all operation modes of the device. 4.ATA Drive Register Set Definition and Protocol The communication to or from the SATA SSD is done using FIS. Legacy ATA protocol is supported by using the legacy mode defined in the SATA specifications. In this mode, the FIS has defined fields which provide all the necessary ATA task file registers for control and status information. The Serial ATA interface does not support Primary/Secondary or Master/Slave configurations. Each SATA channel supports only one SATA device, with the register selection as defined by the ATA standard. 4.1. ATA Task File Definitions The following sections describes the usage of the ATA task file registers. Note that the Alternate Status Register of legacy ATA is not defined for SATA drives. 4.1.1. Data Register The Data Register is a 16-bit register, and it is used to transfer data blocks between the SSD data buffer and the Host. 4.1.2. Error Register This register contains additional information about the source of an error when an error is indicated in bit 0 of the Status register. The bits are defined as follows: D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 BBK UNC 0 IDNF 0 ABRT 0 AMNF Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 13 Cactus Techologies, Limited Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 (BBK) (UNC) This bit is set when a Bad Block is detected. This bit is set when an Uncorrectable Error is encountered. This bit is 0. (IDNF) The requested sector ID is in error or cannot be found. This bit is 0. (Abort) This bit is set if the command has been aborted because of a status condition: (Not Ready, Write Fault, etc.) or when an invalid command has been issued. Bit 1 This bit is 0. Bit 0 (AMNF) This bit is set in case of a general error. 4.1.3. Feature Register This register provides information regarding features of the SSD that the host can utilize. 4.1.4. Sector Count Register This register contains the number of sectors of data requested to be transferred on a read or write operation between the host and the SSD. If the value in this register is zero, a count of 256 sectors is specified. If the command was successful, this register is zero at command completion. If not successfully completed, the register contains the number of sectors that need to be transferred in order to complete the request. 4.1.5. Sector Number (LBA 7-0) Register This register contains the starting sector number or bits 7-0 of the Logical Block Address (LBA) for any SSD data access for the subsequent command. 4.1.6. Cylinder Low (LBA 15-8) Register This register contains the low order 8 bits of the starting cylinder address or bits 15-8 of the Logical Block Address. 4.1.7. Cylinder High (LBA 23-16) Register This register contains the high order bits of the starting cylinder address or bits 23-16 of the Logical Block Address. 4.1.8. Drive/Head (LBA 27-24) Register The Drive/Head register is used to select the drive and head. It is also used to select LBA addressing instead of cylinder/head/sector addressing. The bits are defined as follows: Bit 7 Bit 6 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 LBA 1 DRV HS3 HS2 HS1 HS0 This bit is set to 1. LBA is a flag to select either Cylinder/Head/Sector (CHS) or Logical Block Address Mode (LBA). When LBA=0, Cylinder/Head/Sector mode is selected. When LBA=1, Logical Block Address is selected. In Logical Block Mode, the Logical Block Address is interpreted as follows: Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 14 Cactus Techologies, Limited Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 LBA07-LBA00: Sector Number Register D7-D0. LBA15-LBA08: Cylinder Low Register D7-D0. LBA23-LBA16: Cylinder High Register D7-D0. LBA27-LBA24: Drive/Head Register bits HS3-HS0. This bit is set to 1. (DRV) DRV is the drive number. This should always be set to 0. (HS3) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is Bit 27 in the Logical Block Address mode. (HS2) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is Bit 26 in the Logical Block Address mode. (HS1) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is Bit 25 in the Logical Block Address mode. (HS0) When operating in the Cylinder, Head, Sector mode, this is Bit 24 in the Logical Block Address mode. 4.1.9. is bit 3 of the head number. It is bit 2 of the head number. It is bit 1 of the head number. It is bit 0 of the head number. It Status Registers These registers return the status when read by the host. Reading the Status register does clear a pending interrupt while reading the Auxiliary Status register does not. The meaning of the status bits are described as follows: D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 BUSY RDY DWF DSC DRQ CORR 0 ERR Bit 7 (BUSY) Bit 6 (RDY) Bit 5 (DWF) Bit 4 (DSC) Bit 3 (DRQ) Bit 2 (CORR) Bit 1 (IDX) Bit 0 (ERR) The busy bit is set when the device has access to the command buffer and registers and the host is locked out from accessing the command register and buffer. No other bits in this register are valid when this bit is set to a 1. RDY indicates whether the device is capable of performing operations requested by the host. This bit is cleared at power up and remains cleared until the device is ready to accept a command. This bit, if set, indicates a write fault has occurred. This bit is set when the device is ready. The Data Request is set when the device requires that information be transferred either to or from the host through the Data register. This bit is set when a Correctable data error has been encountered and the data has been corrected. This condition does not terminate a multi-sector read operation. This bit is always set to 0. This bit is set when the previous command has ended in some type of error. The bits in the Error register contain additional information describing the error. 4.1.10. Device Control Register This register is used to control the drive interrupt request and to issue an ATA soft reset to the drive. The bits are defined as follows: D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 HOB X X X 1 SW Rst -IEn 0 Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 15 Cactus Techologies, Limited Bit 7 Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit 6 5 4 3 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 This bit is used in 48-bit addressing mode. When cleared, the host can read the most recently written values of the Sector Count,Drive/Head and LBA registers. When set, the host will read the previous written values of these registers. A write to any Command block register will clear this bit. This bit is an X (Do not care). This bit is an X (Do not care). This bit is an X (Do not care). This bit is ignored by the drive. (SW Rst) This bit is set to 1 in order to force the drive to perform an AT Disk controller Soft Reset operation. The drive remains in Reset until this bit is reset to '0'. (-IEn) The Interrupt Enable bit enables interrupts when the bit is 0. When the bit is 1, interrupts from the drive are disabled. This bit is set to 0 at power on and Reset. This bit is ignored by the drive. 4.1.11. Drive Address Register This register is provided for compatibility with the AT disk drive interface. It is recommended that this register not be mapped into the host's I/O space because of potential conflicts on Bit 7. The bits are defined as follows: Bit 7 Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X -WTG -HS3 -HS2 -HS1 -HS0 -nDS1 -nDS0 This bit is unknown. Implementation Note: Conflicts may occur on the host data bus when this bit is provided by a Floppy Disk Controller operating at the same addresses as the SSD. Following are some possible solutions to this problem: 1. Locate the SSD at a non-conflicting address (i.e., Secondary address (377) when a Floppy Disk Controller is located at the Primary addresses). 2. Do not install a Floppy and a SSD in the system at the same time. 3. Implement a socket adapter that can be programmed to (conditionally) tri-state D7 of I/0 address 3F7/377 when a SSD product is installed and conversely to tri-state D6-D0 of I/O address 3F7/377 when a floppy controller is installed. 4. Do not use the SSD’s Drive Address register. This may be accomplished by either a) If possible, program the host adapter to enable only I/O addresses 1F0-1F7, 3F6 (or 170177, 176) to the SSD or b) if provided use an additional Primary/Secondary configuration in the SSD that does not respond to accesses to I/O locations 3F7 and 377. With either of these implementations, the host software must not attempt to use information in the Drive Address Register. (-WTG) This bit is 0 when a write operation is in progress, otherwise, it is 1. (-HS3) This bit is the negation of bit 3 in the Drive/Head register. (-HS2) This bit is the negation of bit 2 in the Drive/Head register. (-HS1) This bit is the negation of bit 1 in the Drive/Head register. (-HS0) This bit is the negation of bit 0 in the Drive/Head register. (-nDS1) This bit is 0 when drive 1 is active and selected. (-nDS0) This bit is 0 when the drive 0 is active and selected. 5.ATA Command Description This section defines the ATA command set supported by the Cactus -700 Series SATA SSDs. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 16 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.1. ATA Command Set Table 5-7 summarizes the supported ATA command set . Table 5-7. ATA Command Set COMMAND Code Check Power Mode E5h or 98h Device Configuration B1h/C0-C3h Download Microcode 92h Execute Drive Diagnostic 90h Flush Cache E7h Flush Cache Ext EAh Identify Drive ECh Idle E3h or 97h Idle Immediate E1h or 95h Initialize Drive Parameters 91h NOP 00h Read Buffer E4h Read DMA C8h Read DMA Ext 25h Read FPDMA Queued 60h Read Log Ext 2Fh Read Multiple C4h Read Multiple Ext 29h Read Native Max Address F8h Read Native Max Address Ext 27h Read Sector(s) 20h Read Sector(s) Ext 24h Read Verify Sector(s) 40h Read Verify Sector(s) Ext 42h Security Disable Password F6h Security Erase Prepare F3h Security Erase Unit F4h Security Freeze Lock F5h Security Set Password F1h Security Unlock F2h Seek 70h Set Features EFh/02-03h or EFh/10h/03h Set MAX F9h/01-04h Set Max Address Ext 37h Set Multiple Mode C6h Set Sleep Mode E6h or 99h SMART B0h/D0,D3,D4,D5,D6,D8,D9,DAh Stand By E2h or 96h Stand By Immediate E0h or 94h Write Buffer E8h Write DMA CAh Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 17 Cactus Techologies, Limited COMMAND Code Write DMA Ext 35h Write FPDMA Queued 61h Write LOG Ext 3Fh Write Multiple C5h Write Multiple Ext 39h Write Sector(s) 30h Write Sector(s) Ext 34h 5.1.1. Identify Drive—ECH The Identify Drive command enables the host to receive parameter information from the drive. This command has the same protocol as the Read Sector(s) command. The parameter words in the buffer have the arrangement and meanings defined in Table 5-8. All reserved bits or words are zero. Table 5-8 is the definition for each field in the Identify Drive Information. Table 5-8. Identify Drive Information Word Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-8 Total Bytes 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 9 10-19 20 21 22 23-26 27-46 Default Value 0C5AH XXXXH C837H 00XXH XXXXH XXXXH XXXXH XXXXH,XXX XH 0000H aaaa 0000H 4000H 3000H aaaa aaaa 47 8010H 2 48 49 50 51 52 0000H 2F00H 4000H 0200H 0000H 2 2 2 2 2 53 54 55 56 57-58 0007H XXXX 00XX XXXX XXXX 2 2 2 2 4 Cactus Technologies Limited 2 20 2 2 2 8 40 Data Field Type Information General configuration bit-significant information. Default number of cylinders; capacity dependent. Reserved. Default number of heads; capacity dependent. Number of unformatted bytes per track. Number of unformatted bytes per sector. Default number of sectors per track; capacity dependent. Number of sectors per drive (Word 7 = MSW, Word 8 = LSW); capacity dependent. Reserved. Serial number in ASCII (Right Justified). Retired Buffer memory size Obsolete Firmware revision in ASCII . Big Endian Byte Order in Word. Model number in ASCII (Left Justified) Big Endian Byte Order in Word. Maximum number of sectors on Read/Write Multiple command Reserved Capabilities: DMA Supported (bit 8), LBA supported (bit 9). Capabilities. PIO data transfer cycle timing mode Single Word DMA data transfer cycle timing mode (not supported). Data fields 54-58,64-70 and 88 are valid. Current numbers of cylinders. Current numbers of heads. Current sectors per track. Current capacity in sectors (LBAs) (Word 57 = LSW, Word 58 = MSW). -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 18 Cactus Techologies, Limited Word Address 59 Default Value 0110H Total Bytes 2 60-61 62 XXXX 0000H 4 2 63 64 0007H 0003H 2 65 66 67 68 69-74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89-91 92 93 94 95-99 100-103 104-105 106 107 108-111 112-116 117-118 119-126 127 128 129-254 255 0078H 0078H 0078H 0078H 0000H 001FH 0706H 0000H 004CH 00XXH 00E0H 0000H 346BH 7D21H 4022H XXXXH XXXXH XXXXH 407FH 0000H 0000H XXXXH 0000H 0000H XXXXH 0000H 0000H 0000H XXXXH 0000H 0000H 0000H 0000H XXXXH XXXXH Cactus Technologies Limited 2 2 2 2 2 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 10 8 4 2 2 8 10 4 16 2 2 Data Field Type Information Multiple sector setting is valid; low byte is capacity dependent. Total number of sectors addressable in LBA Mode. Reserved Multiword DMA modes 0-2 are supported; upper byte reflects currently selected MWDMA mode. Advanced PIO modes supported (modes 3 and 4) Minimum MWDMA cycle time per word is 120ns. Recommended MWDMA cycle time is 120ns. Minimum PIO cycle time without IORDY flow control is 120ns. Minimum PIO cycle time with IORDY flow control is 120ns. Reserved Queue depth of 32 Supports SATA NCQ, Gen 1, Gen2 signaling rates Reserved Serial ATA features supported. Status of word 78 features Major version Minor revision Command sets supported Command sets supported Command set/feature supported extension Feature status Feature status Feature status UDMA Modes 0-6 supported. Reserved Master password revision code COMRESET result Acoustic management values Reserved Maximum user LBA for 48-bit addressing mode. Reserved Physical sector size / logical sector size Reserved Unique ID Reserved Words per logical sector Reserved Removable media status notification feature supported Security status Reserved Integrity word -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 19 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.2. SMART Command Set Cactus 700 series SATA SSD supports the following SMART subcommands. The subcommand code must be loaded into the Feature Register before issuing the SMART command: 5.2.1. Subcommand Command Code SMART Read Data D0h SMART Save Attribute Values D3h SMART Execute Offline Immediate D4h SMART Read Log D5h SMART Write Log D6h SMART Enable Operations D8h SMART Disable Operations D9h SMART Return Status DAh SMART Read Date - D0h This subcommand returns SMART attribute data to the host. The return data consists of 512 bytes formatted as shown below: Byte Description 0-1 Data structure version number (Vendor Specific) 2 - 361 1st to 30th attribute data (Vendor Specific) 362 Offline data collection status 363 Self-test execution status 364 - 365 Total time in seconds to complete offline data collection 366 Vendor specific 367 Offline data collection capability 368 - 369 SMART capabilities 370 Error logging capability: bit{7:6] – reserved; bit[0] – 1=device error logging supported 371 Cactus Technologies Limited Self-test failure check point (Vendor Specific) -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 20 Cactus Techologies, Limited 372 Short selftest routine recommended polling time (in minutes) 373 Extended selftest routine recommended polling time (in minutes) 374 - 510 Reserved 511 Checksum Each returned attribute has the following data format: 5.2.2. Byte Description 0 Attribute ID number 1-2 Status flag 3 - 10 Attribute values 11 Reserved Attribute ID Numbers The following table shows the SMART attributes reported by the 700 series SATA SSD and their associated ID numbers: ID Attribute ID Attribute 1 Raw Read Error Rate 202 Total Count of Error Bits from Flash 9 Power On Hours 203 TotaCount of Read Sectors with Correctable Errors 12 Power Cycle Count 204 Bad Block Full Flag 184 Initial Bad Block Count 205 Max. PE Count Specification 195 Program Failure Block Count 206 Min. Erase Count 196 Erase Failure Block Count 207 Max. Erase Count 197 Read Failure Block Count (Uncorrectable) 208 Avg. Erase Count 198 Total Count of Read Sectors 209 Remaining Life (%) 199 Total Count of Write Sectors 211 SATA CRC Error Count 200 Total Count of Read Commands 212 SATA Error Count Handshake Cactus Technologies Limited (1) -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual (2) v1.0 21 Cactus Techologies, Limited 201 Total Count of Write Commands (1) This is a fixed value for backward compatibility (2) Remaing life = MIN(remaining life by erase count, remaining life by bad block count) – Remaining life by erase count = 100 – (Ave. Erase Count / Max. PE Count) – Remaining life by bad block = 100 – (current bad block count of bad bank / Max. bad block of bad bank) – Max PE Count is defined by NAND flash manufacturer – Max bad block is defined in firmware – Bad bank is the bank which has the largest number of bad blocks amongst all the banks 5.2.3. SMART Save Attribute Values – D3h This command causes the device to immediately save any updated Attribute values to the Attribute Data sector regardless of the state of the Attribute Autosave feature. 5.2.4. SMART Execute Offline Immediately – D4h This command causes the device to immediately start the offline operation as specified by the LBA Low register value: LAB Low value Operation 00h Execute SMART offline data collection routine 01h Execute SMART short selftest routine in offline mode 02h Execute SMART extended selftest routine in offline mode 03h Reserved 04h Execute SMART selective selftest routine in offline mode 40h Reserved 7Fh Abort offline mode selftest routine 81h Execute SMART short selftest routine in captive mode 82h Execute SMART extended selftest routine in captive mode 84h Execute SMART selective selftest routine in captive mode C0h Reserved Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 22 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.2.5. SMART Read Log Sector – D5h This command returns the specified log data to the host. The LBA Low and Sector Count registers must be loaded with the log sector and sector count prior to issuing this command. The available logs are as follows: Log Sector address Number of sectors Content R/W 00h 1 SMART Log Directory Read Only 01h 1 SMART Error Log Read Only 02h 1 Comprehensive SMART Error Log Read Only 03-05h - Reserved 06h 1 SMART Selftest Log 07-08h - Reserved 09h 1 Selective Selftest Log 0A-7Fh - Reserved 80-9Fh 16 Vendor Specific A0-FFh - Reserved 5.2.5.1. Read only R/W R/W SMART Log Directory Structure The following table shows the sector format of the SMART Log Directory: Bytes Description 0-1 SMART Log version (set to 0001h) 2 Number of sectors in the log at log address 1 3 Reserved 4 Number of sectors in the log at log address 2 5 Reserved 6 - 509 Repeat bytes 2-3 structure for Number of sectors in the log at log address 3 - 254 510 Number of sectors in the log at log address 255 511 Reserved Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 23 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.2.5.2. SMART Summary Error Log Structure The following table shows the sector format of the SMART Summary Error Log: Bytes Description 0 SMART Error Log version (set to 01h) 1 Error Log Index 2 - 91 1st Error Log data structure 92 - 181 2nd Error Log data structure 182 - 271 3rd Error Log data structure 272 - 361 4th Error Log data structure 362 - 451 5th Error Log data structure 452 - 453 Device Error Count 454 - 510 Reserved 511 Checksum Each Error Log data structure is defined as follows: Bytes Description n - n+11 1st command data structure n+12 - n+23 2nd command data structure n+24 - n+35 3rd command data structure n+36 - n+47 4th command data structure n+48 - n+59 5th command data structure n+60 - n+89 Error data structure Each of the command data structure has the following format: Byte Description n Content of the Device Control Register when the Command Register was written n+1 Content of the Feature Control Register when the Command Register was written n+2 Content of the Sector Count Register when the Command Register was written Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 24 Cactus Techologies, Limited n+3 Content of the LBA Low Register when the Command Register was written n+4 Content of the LBA Mid Register when the Command Register was written n+5 Content of the LBA High Register when the Command Register was written n+6 Content of the Device/Head Register when the Command Register was written n+7 Content of the Command Register n+8 Timestamp n+9 Timestamp n+10 Timestamp n+11 Timestamp The Error data structure has the following format: Byte Description n Reserved n+1 Content of the Error Register after command completion n+2 Content of the Sector Count Register after command completion n+3 Content of the LBA Low Register after command completion n+4 Content of the LBA Mid Register after command completion n+5 Content of the LBA High Register after command completion n+6 Content of the Device/Head Register after command completion n+7 Content of the Status Register after command completion n+8 - n+26 Extended error information n+27 State n+28 Life Timestamp (LSB) n+29 Life Timestamp (MSB) The definitions of the State field in the Error data structure are as follows: Value State 0h Unknown 1h Sleep 2h Standby Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 25 Cactus Techologies, Limited 3h Active/Idle with BSY bit cleared 4h Executing SMART offline or selftest 5h - Ah Reserved Bh - Fh Vendor Unique 5.2.5.3. SMART Selftest Log Structure The following table shows the sector format of the SMART Selftest Log: 2. Bytes Description 0-1 Data Structure Version n*24 + 2 Selftest number n*24 + 3 Selftest execution status n*24 + 4 – n*24 + 5 Life Timestamp n*24 + 6 Selftest Failure Checkpoint n*24 + 7 – n*24 + 10 LBA of first Failure n*24 + 11 – n*24 + 25 Vendor Specific --- --- 506 - 507 Vendor Specific 508 Selftest Log Pointer 509 - 510 Reserved 511 Checksum 1. n is 0 – 20 The data structure contains the descriptor of the Self-test that the device has performed. Each descriptor is 24 bytes long and the self-test data structure is capable to contain up to 21 descriptors. After 21 descriptors has been recorded, the oldest descriptor will be overwritten with the new descriptor. The self-test log pointer points to the most recent descriptor. When there is no descriptor, the value is 0. When there are descriptor(s), the value is 1 through 21. 5.2.5.4. SMART Selective Selftest Log Structure The following table shows the sector format of the SMART Selective Selftest Log: Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 26 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.2.6. Bytes Description R/W 0-1 Data Structure Version R/W 2-9 Starting LBA for test span 1 R/W 10 - 17 Ending LBA for test span 1 R/W 18 - 25 Starting LBA for test span 2 R/W 26 - 33 Ending LBA for test span 2 R/W 34 - 41 Starting LBA for test span 3 R/W 42 - 49 Ending LBA for test span 3 R/W 50 - 57 Starting LBA for test span 4 R/W 58 - 65 Ending LBA for test span 4 R/W 66 - 73 Starting LBA for test span 5 R/W 74 - 81 Ending LBA for test span 5 R/W 82 - 337 Reserved - 338 - 491 Vendor Specific - 492 - 499 Current LBA under test Read only 500 501 Current span under test Read only 502 503 Feature Flags R/W 504 507 Vendor Specific - 508 509 Selective Selftest Pending Time R/W 510 Reserved - 511 Checksum R/W SMART Write Log Sector – D6h This command writes 1 sector of log data to the specified log sector. The LBA Low and Sector Count registers must be set to the log address and sector count prior to issuing the command. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 27 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.2.7. SMART Enable Operations – D8h This command enables access to all SMART attributes. Attribute values are not monitored or stored until SMART operations are enabled with this command. The state of SMART operations, whether enabled or disabled, is preserved across power cycles. 5.2.8. SMART Disable Operations – D9h This command disable all SMART operations. Upon receipt of the SMART Disable Operations subcommand from the host, all other SMART subcommands except SMART Enable Operations are disabled and will be aborted by the device returning the error code. Any Attribute Values accumulated and saved to volatile memory prior to receipt of the SMART Disable Operations command will be preserved in the device's Attribute Data Sectors. If the device is re-enabled, these Attribute Values will be updated, as needed, upon receipt of a SMART Read Attribute Values or a SMART Save Attribute Values command. 5.2.9. SMART Return Status – DAh This command returns the reliability status of the device to the host. 5.3. CTPurge™ Cactus Technologies 700 series SATA SSDs implements a feature known as CTPurge™ which is a Security Erase operations that conforms to a variety of Security Erasure standards. Depending on the mode selected, the user can choose to do a quick erase of the drive or a thorough erase that includes multiple erase/overwrite passes. Note that CTPurge™ erases all contents on the drive, including spare blocks, re-assigned blocks and firmware blocks. After a CTPurge™ operation, the drive is no longer functional. If the user wants to reuse the drive, it must be returned to the factory to be re-initialized. The drive's internal firmware keeps track of the state of the erasure process. If power is interrupted while a CTPurge™ process is in progess, upon the next powerup, the drive will resume the CTPurge™ process where it left off and continue until the process is completed. 5.3.1. Command Structure The host can initiate a CTPurge™ operation by issuing the following Vendor Specific Command: Register 7 6 5 4 3 Features Count Sector Count Opcode Cactus Technologies Limited 2 1 0 -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 28 Cactus Techologies, Limited Register 7 6 5 4 3 Sector Number Parameter 1 Cylinder Low Parameter 2 Cylinder High Reserved Drive/Head 1 0 1 Command D 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 82h The Opcode field is partitioned into groups of 2 bits each with the following definitions: bit[7:6] These two bits determine how many sequences to perform. The coding is as follows: 00 1 sequence 01 2 sequences 10 3 sequences 11 reserved bit[5:4] These two bits determine the type of operation to be performed for sequence 3. The coding is as follows: 00 erase only 01 erase and overwrite with random data 10 erase and overwrite with character defined in parameter 1 11 erase and overwrite with character defined in parameter 2 bit[3:2] These two bits determine the type of operation to be performed for sequence 2. The coding is the same as for sequence 3. bit[1:0] These two bits determine the type of operation to be performed for sequence 1. The coding is the same as for sequence 3. For sequence 1, an optional 'count' can be specified. If count=0, the sequence is performed only once. For non-zero counts, the sequence is repeated for count+1 times. By default, if none of the optional parameters are specified, the firmware will perform an erase only operation when this command is issued. 5.3.2. Standards Compliance The CTPurge™ command structure allows the operation to meet a variety of specified sanitizing procedures. The table below shows the command entry for each type of specified sanitizing procedure. Operation Opcode Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Count Erase only (default) 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 Erase and overwrite with random data once 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 Erase and overwrite with random data N times 0x01 0x00 0x00 N-1 Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 29 Cactus Techologies, Limited Operation USA-AF AFSSI 5020 Opcode Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Count 0x9E 0x00 0xFF 0x00 0x45 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x42 Character 0x00 0x00 0x49 Character 0x00 0x01 0xb9 Character Complement of Character 0x00 0x9e Character Complement of Character 0x00 0x8e 0x55 0xAA 0x00 Erase and overwrite with zeroes, then erase and overwrite with ones, then erase and overwrite with random data USA Navy NAVSO P5239-26 Erase and overwrite with random data, then erase and overwrite with random data again DoD 5220.22-M Erase and overwrite with single character, then erase again NSA Manual 130-2 Erase and overwrite with random character 2 times, then erase and overwrite with a character USA-Army 380-19 Erase and overwrite with random data, erase and overwrite with a character, then erase and overwrite with complement of the character NISPOMSUP Chap.8, Sect.8-501 Erase and overwrite with a character, its complement, and then random data IREC (IRIG) 106 Erase and overwrite with 0x55, then erase and overwrite with 0xAA, then erase Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 30 Cactus Techologies, Limited 5.3.3. Status Reporting When CTPurge™ is completed, the drive will return ready status but will no longer be able to process any new ATA commands as all internal firmware has been erased. 5.3.4. Time and Power Requirements The time required to perform a CTPurge™ operation depends on the capacity of the drive and the type of purge operation that is being performed. The host should ensure that power to the card/drive is maintained for the entire duration during the purge process. The following table lists some typical numbers that can be expected. Capacity Default Purge DoD 5220.22-M NSA 130-2 4GB 12s 3min. 28s 13min. 15s 8GB 23s 7min. 8s 26min. 51s 16GB 47s 15min. 45s 59min. 55s 32GB 43s 24min. 31s 95min 30s The power consumption during a CTPurge™ operation is also dependent on drive capacity, the type of purge operation requested and, to a lesser extent, the particular overwrite pattern used. Some typical numbers are shown below: Capacity Power Consumption (default Purge) 4GB 79mA 8GB 82mA 16GB 79mA 32GB 81mA 5.4. CTWPROT™ CTWPROT  enables write protect function on the entire Cactus drive.  This feature is activated  by means of a jumper on the drive chassis. The write protect function can be toggled on/off by the user during use in the field. When the write protect function is activated, all subsequent Write commands that attempt to store data to the flash memory will be aborted and an Error status will be returned to the host. As there is no predefined way of handling write aborts in the ATA standard, the host will need to have a special driver/handler to properly handle such situations. The Cactus drive supports the ATA Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 31 Cactus Techologies, Limited Request Sense command (03H). This command is now obsolete but was used in earlier ATA standards for the drive to report extended error codes. If the host issues this command immediately following a write abort, the command will complete and the Cactus drive will return an extended error code of 27H in the Error register to indicate to the host that there is a write protect violation. This then allows the host application to display an appropriate error message to the user instead of just hanging the system on a write abort situation. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 32 Cactus Techologies, Limited Appendix A. Ordering Information Model KDXFYT-700S Where: X is drive capacities: 32G -------------- 32GB 64G -------------- 64GB 128G ------------ 128GB Where Y is temperature: Blank --------------- Standard temperature (0° C to +70° C) I --------------------- Extended temperature (-45° C to +90° C) Example: (1) 32GB 2.5” SATA SSD --------------------------------------------------------- KD32GFT-700S (2) 32GB 2.5” SATA SSD Extended Temp ----------------------------------- KD32GFIT-700S Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 33 Cactus Techologies, Limited Appendix B.Technical Support Services B.1.Direct Cactus Technical Support Cactus Technologies Limited Suite C, 15/F, Capital Trade Center 62 Tsun Yip Street, Kwun Tong Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: +852-27972261 Fax: +852-27973777 Email: [email protected] Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 34 Cactus Techologies, Limited Appendix C.Cactus Worldwide Sales Offices Cactus Technologies Limited Suite C, 15/F, Capital Trade Center 62 Tsun Yip Street, Kwun Tong Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: +852-27972277 Fax: +852-27973777 Email: [email protected] Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 35 Appendix D.Limited Warranty I. WARRANTY STATEMENT Cactus Technologies warrants its Industrial Grade products only to be free of any defects in materials or workmanship that would prevent them from functioning properly for five years from the date of purchase. This express warranty is extended by Cactus Technologies Limited to customers of our products. II. GENERAL PROVISIONS This warranty sets forth the full extent of Cactus Technologies' responsibilities regarding the Cactus Technologies Industrial Grade Flash Storage Products. Cactus Technologies, at its sole option, will repair, replace or refund the purchase price of the defective product. Cactus Technologies’ guarantees our products meet all specifications detailed in our product manuals. Although Cactus Technologies' products are designed to withstand harsh environments and have the highest specifications in the industry, they are not warranted to never have failure and Cactus Technologies does not warranty against incidental or consequential damages. Accordingly, in any use of products in life support systems or other applications where failure could cause injury or loss of life, the products should only be incorporated in systems designed with appropriate redundancy, fault tolerant or backup features. III. WHAT THIS WARRANTY COVERS For products found to be defective within five years of purchase, Cactus Technologies will have the option of repairing, replacing or refunding the purchase price the defective product, if the following conditions are met: A. The defective product is returned to Cactus Technologies for failure analysis as soon as possible after the failure occurs. B. An incident card filled out by the user, explaining the conditions of usage and the nature of the failure, accompanies each returned defective product. C. No evidence is found of abuse or operation of products not in accordance with the published specifications, or of exceeding maximum ratings or operating conditions. All failing products returned to Cactus Technologies under the provisions of this limited warranty shall be tested to the product’s functional and performance specifications. Upon confirmation of failure, each product will be analyzed, by whatever means necessary, to determine the root cause of failure. If the root cause of failure is found to be not covered by the above provisions, then the product will be returned to the customer with a report indicating why the failure was not covered under the warranty. This warranty does not cover defects, malfunctions, performance failures or damages to the unit resulting from use in other than its normal and customary manner, misuse, accident or neglect; or improper alterations or repairs. Cactus Technologies Limited may repair or replace, at its discretion, any product returned by its customers, even if such product is not covered under warranty, but is under no obligation to do so. Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 23 IV. RECEIVING WARRANTY SERVICE According to Cactus Technologies warranty procedure, defective product should be returned only with prior authorization from Cactus Technologies Limited Please contact Cactus Technologies Customer Service department ([email protected]) with the following information: product model number and description, nature of defect, conditions of use, proof of purchase and purchase date. If approved, Cactus Technologies will issue a Return Material Authorization or Product Repair Authorization number. Ship the defective product to: Cactus Technologies Limited Suite C, 15/F, Capital Trade Center 62 Tsun Yip Street, Kwun Tong Kowloon, Hong Kong Cactus Technologies Limited -700 Series Industrial Grade SATA SSD Product Manual v1.0 24