Asia Pacific Submarine Cable Systems

Transcript

Asia Pacific Submarine Cable Systems Past, Present, Future 光海底ケーブル 過去、 現在、 未 Up-Dated From Jan. 30, 2012, AFCEA Tokyo, Japan Chapter Seminar Presented By: Wm. (Bill) Crawley W. クロ-リSenior Telecom Advisor Presentation to SAME - Tuesday, March 13, 2012 Asia Pacific Submarine Cable Systems 過去、 現在、 未来 ： ** Brief History First Submarine Cable systems ** Asia / Pacific Area cable maps as reference ** Fiber Optic Submarine Cable Systems vs. Satellites ** the Bandwidth explosion, demand & drivers ** Submarine Cable Design & Construction ** Components of Submarine Cable Bandwidth ** Cost and Deployment of Submarine Cable Systems ** Current Submarine Cable technology ** The Future of Submarine Cables Systems ** Q and A Presentation to SAME: Mar. 2012 Asia Pacific Telecom’s & Submarine Cable Systems: * Brief History First Submarine Cable system - in 1866年 U.K. - New York, 2,440 knt miles, Final taking 42 days to lay this 1st cable. It took 3 attempts… Then the Pacific Cables… * How Many recall the origin of HF Radio Systems..? (1st. Trans Atlantic HF Radio Message, Oct.17, 1907年) (Later, December 1941年 HF Radio Tx Mainland to Hawaii..) (Atmospheric Condx blocked a critical message..) * Next, Copper submarine cables - Early 30 - 50年’s. I.e. TPC-1 * Then, Coax submarine cables - 60年’s… * And now, Its all Fiber Optics Cables and Satellites Presentation to SAME Asia Pacific Submarine Cable Systems Enabling Next Generation / Visual Communications Throughout The Asia Pacific Region (Note Maps) Presentation to SAME Submarine Cables vs. Satellites Latency: (U.S. - Japan) • Satellites Round trip delay: • Submarine Cables: = 650 msec = 120 msec Satellites: * Sun Spot Solar Activity: • RF Interference: • Refractive Index & beam bending • Bandwidth limitations • RF Access / Security Issues / Satellite Threat • Satellite Life vs. submarine cables: •GEO: 11 - 12 years •LEO: 7 - 8 years *Sub. Cable: 20 - 24 Years (Avg) Presentation to SAME Asia / Pacific Submarine Cable Systems ＊Why More Cable Systems Now..? なぜ 光海底ケーブがもつと必要とされるのか。？ ＊Do we have Enough Cables..? 光海底ケーブルは充分にあるのか。？ Presentation to SAME 過去、 現在、 未来 Example of Demand For New Cable Systems: ** Getting Past the capacity glut: A miscalculation of Trans.Pacific Cable Capacity & Traffic Forecast: In 2004, A Forecast by a Chief Executive of Hong Kong Telecom: I can never forget these figures, “It went like this..:” ** ** ** ** Bill, “The Population of the Globe..:” = 6.7 人 bil. 50% of the Globe resides in Asia: = 3.4 人 bil. 20% of 3.4 bil in Asia require Internet: = 680 人 mil 1０% will need at least 1.0 meg B／W： = ６5 terabits NOTE: There was limited fill rate on most of the existing cables rated only At 120 - 620 Giga/bits per cable. But, That’s Changed… What caused the Sub. Cable Glut and when will the Fill Rate pick up again..? 今 ですか。。？ Presentation to SAME: Mar. 2012 Key Demand Drivers for New Cables Throughout Asia Pacific: • Continued Economic & Bandwidth Expansion into 2013年: • Add’l Carrier Alliances & Emerging Super ISP’s / ASP’s.. • Increase Hi-Speed Data & Broadband - Hi Take-Up Rates. • Private Cables & Consortium Cables Expansion • Expanding FTTX Deployments • Increase Video Demand: (U.S. - Japan / Asia) • In: 2007 Of all B/W, Video equaled = 61% • by: 2013 Forecast 92% of all B/W will be Video • Who are the users..? Presentation to SAME: Mar. 2012 Submarine Cable System Preliminary Design Overview and New & Planned Cables Presentation to SAME Submarine Cable System Preliminary Design Overview ** Engineering / Design and Installation Process:: The design model assumption is based on the projected traffic / capacity demand And then decision is made to build a submarine cable system and that it is properly funded and Landing Sites Decided & Agreed to: ** Desk Top Study: Route design from Oceanographic Map data: (Determine ocean depths / Routing / landing sites) (Engineering Process (Hardware, Cable Design, Cable Station Design etc. Decide on initial Bandwidth and Growth over the Life of the cable: i.e. Typically 22 - 26 Years. Determine Terminal MUX / OTE / BU’s Repeaters, etc… ** Increments of Bandwidth: (MIU’s) T1 = 1.544 meg E1 = 2.048 meg DS-3 = 45 meg STM-1 = 155 meg. (N. Am. Std) (SEPT or CCITT Std) (Next, Leasing Lightwaves) ** Ocean Survey Process: * Route Survey: Requires special Ocean Going Route Survey Ships: * Equipped with deep water Sonar, depth detection & Mapping… * Equipment to at least 7 – 8 miles ocean depths. ** Loading of Cable on Cable Ship ** Then, Start Cable Laying. Typical Configurations: With WDM Solution/s: Submarine Cable CTB (4 - 6 fiber pairs) Approx. 150km CTB DDF DDF 10G-20G SDH W 20G D M 20G W 10G-20G D SDH M 16 x STM-1e 16 x STM-1e /Lw /Lw Cable Station Dark fibers: 1-3fp Cable Station WDM Capability WDM / Lw Solution/s:  Highest Capacity Solutions with lower price objectives  (8 years previous) up 16 Lw / fp @ 5G per Lw / fiber pair  2years ago: up to 32 Lw / fp @ 10G per Lw / fiber pair = 320 G x Fp  Entering: 64 Lw / fp @ 20G per Lw / fiber pair. = 1.280 terabit x Fp Submarine Cable Laying Operation: Cable Guard boat Ship Buoy Microduct Pipe Buoy rope Protection pipes Cable This picture shows that a final splice is made in mid-point. Land Cable Laying Operation: Typical land cable installation Cable Drum Cable Drum Jointing Joint Box in MH Cable Counter Conduit / Microduct Pull-Winch Testing Cable Counter Manhole Terminal Equipment Pull-Winch Cable Station C.S.Subaru:（Cable Ship Maintenance/Installation) Present ROV Replacing soon C.S. Subaru: in Nagasaki Port - NTT-WEM New & Planned Pacific Region Cable Systems 新しく 考案された 環太平洋ケーブルシステム • AAG Cable (Asia Americas Gateway Cable) • • TPE (Trans-Pac. Express) / 2/2008年 Tahiti - Hawaii (Announced at PTC / Jan.2009年) • • APIC Submarine Cable System: (New) Guam - Kwajalein Isle Cable:2010年 (New DoD) * Unity / Google Cable: RFS:/2011年 (New) **Big Change • • • • New Telstra: Australia - Hawaii cable PIPE Submarine Cable (Aust - Guam) Southern Cross Cable: 40G - 100 G **Up-Grade New: “ASE” New Asia Cable, 7,200km: RFS: “3Q/2012 * Building More Than Just Another submarine Cable AAG Cable SEA-US Network Configuration: 日本 United States アメリカ Hawaii Hong Kong Philippines Vietnam Thailand Brunei Malaysia Singapore ハワイ Guam グアム Example: APIC Submarine Cable System Initial Point-To-Point System Design APIC North Pacific Interchange ======Kansai / Kanto, 日本きょく Okinawa 沖縄 Piti APIC APIC Network Backbone APIC Central Pacific Interchange West Pacific Interchange APIC Network Backbone APIC Nedona Beach North American Interchange Kwajalein Pohnpei Guam グアム Majuro Hawaii ハワイ アメリカ U.S. Mainland Example: APIC Submarine Cable System Preliminary Fiber Pair Allocations Fiber Pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Preliminary Allocation for for for for for for for for Super ASP Investor (Video) Carrier Groups (Asia) Carrier Groups (Australia) Lightwave Allocations / Video Sub Lightwave Sales DoD Capacity Leases Virtual Ring/Upgrade Virtual Ring/Upgrade Bio of Wm. Crawley: Wm. Crawley has been in the Telecom & Engineering field since 1962. Bill after graduating from TriState College in Angola, Indiana was offered a Microwave Engineering assignment in Honolulu, Hawaii with ITT Corporation. He was Responsible for designing and implementing Microwave Radio systems in Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines. After 8 years with ITT Bill joined Wescom Inc as the regional Director for Asia. Bill had numerous assignments in Hawaii, Guam, and Asia. He designed some very note-worthy "LOS" Long Path systems back in the 70's Then, Bill moved on to Hawaiian Tel like many good engineers in the early days. In 1980 was recruited by the Rolm Corp. to move to Tokyo and Open a Asia regional office. Later Rolm merged as Rolm-IBM Corp., introducing new Switch Technology into the Japanese and Asia Markets. He did that for 5 years in Tokyo and was featured in numerous Japan news articles and Business Week in Japan. (COPY’s Available). Bill returned to Honolulu in 1986, Back to GTE Hawaiian Tel and then, In 1991 Received a call From NYNEX Corp Int’l to move back to Japan to form a JV with Nissan and NYNEX Corp., to build the Tuka Cellular network in Japan and to Direct the North Asia operations to launch the FLAG Submarine Cable System. While at NYNEX / FLAG, Bill negotiated the submarine cable landings at Miura & Ninomiya, Japan, Korea, PuDong Nan Wei China, Hong Kong, Thailand and Malaysia. Bill has extensive experience in Fiber Optic Transmission, Cable Landing Stations and negotiations with Carriers, Suppliers, ISP’s and non-Carrier users of submarine cable systems. Bill returned to Honolulu in 2002 after 11 years in Japan and after completing the FLAG Submarine Cable system launched in 1997 connecting Japan to Europe. The FLAG Telecom Cable System F-L-A-G (Fiber Link Around the Globe) became the longest submarine cable in the world. Bill tried to retire after returning to Honolulu again in 2002 and NTT Marine offered Bill a Advisory position responsible for the Pacific Isle Region. Bill is also a Board Advisor to Fiberduct Solutions Ltd., Aloha, Wm. (Bill) クローリー Questions, Comments & Discussion