Autocad®

Transcript

AutoCAD ® User’s Guide 2004 00118-010000-5020A February 2003 Copyright © 2003 Autodesk, Inc. All Rights Reserved This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose. AUTODESK, INC., MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE MATERIALS, AND MAKES SUCH MATERIALS AVAILABLE SOLELY ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTODESK, INC., BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR SPECIAL, COLLATERAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF PURCHASE OR USE OF THESE MATERIALS. THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY TO AUTODESK, INC., REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE MATERIALS DESCRIBED HEREIN. Autodesk, Inc., reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it sees fit. This publication describes the state of this product at the time of its publication, and may not reflect the product at all times in the future. Autodesk Trademarks The following are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and/or other countries: 3D Props, 3D Studio, 3D Studio MAX, 3D Studio VIZ, 3DSurfer, ActiveShapes, ActiveShapes (logo), Actrix, ADI, AEC Authority (logo), AEC-X, Animator Pro, Animator Studio, ATC, AUGI, AutoCAD, AutoCAD LT, AutoCAD Map, Autodesk, Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk (logo), Autodesk MapGuide, Autodesk University (logo), Autodesk WalkThrough, Autodesk World, AutoLISP, AutoSketch, Biped, bringing information down to earth, CAD Overlay, Character Studio, Cinepak, Cinepak (logo), Codec Central, Combustion, Design Your World, Design Your World (logo), Discreet, EditDV, Education by Design, gmax, Heidi, HOOPS, Hyperwire, i-drop, Inside Track, Kinetix, MaterialSpec, Mechanical Desktop, NAAUG, ObjectARX, PeopleTracker, Physique, Planix, Powered with Autodesk Technology (logo), RadioRay, Revit, Softdesk, Texture Universe, The AEC Authority, The Auto Architect, VISION, Visual, Visual Construction, Visual Drainage, Visual Hydro, Visual Landscape, Visual Roads, Visual Survey, Visual Toolbox, Visual TugBoat, Visual LISP, Volo, WHIP!, and WHIP! (logo). The following are trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and/or other countries: 3ds max, AutoCAD Architectural Desktop, AutoCAD Learning Assistance, AutoCAD LT Learning Assistance, AutoCAD Simulator, AutoCAD SQL Extension, AutoCAD SQL Interface, Autodesk Envision, Autodesk Map, Autodesk Streamline, AutoSnap, AutoTrack, Built with ObjectARX (logo), Burn, Buzzsaw, Buzzsaw.com, Cinestream, Cleaner, Cleaner Central, ClearScale, Colour Warper, Content Explorer, Dancing Baby (image), DesignCenter, Design Doctor, Designer's Toolkit, DesignProf, DesignServer, Design Web Format, DWF, DWG Linking, DXF, Extending the Design Team, GDX Driver, gmax (logo), gmax ready (logo),Heads-up Design, IntroDV, jobnet, ObjectDBX, onscreen onair online, Plans & Specs, Plasma, PolarSnap, ProjectPoint, Reactor, Real-time Roto, Render Queue, Visual Bridge, Visual Syllabus, and Where Design Connects. Autodesk Canada Inc. Trademarks The following are registered trademarks of Autodesk Canada Inc. in the USA and/or Canada, and/or other countries: discreet, fire, flame, flint, flint RT, frost, glass, inferno, MountStone, riot, river, smoke, sparks, stone, stream, vapour, wire. The following are trademarks of Autodesk Canada Inc., in the USA, Canada, and/or other countries: backburner, backdraft, Multi-Master Editing. Third Party Trademarks All other brand names, product names or trademarks belong to their respective holders. Third Party Software Program Credits ACIS Copyright © 1989-2001 Spatial Corp. Portions Copyright © 2002 Autodesk, Inc. Copyright © 1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. International CorrectSpell™ Spelling Correction System © 1995 by Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products, N.V. All rights reserved. InstallShield™ 3.0. Copyright © 1997 InstallShield Software Corporation. All rights reserved. PANTONE ® Colors displayed in the software application or in the user documentation may not match PANTONE-identified standards. Consult current PANTONE Color Publications for accurate color. PANTONE ® and other Pantone, Inc. trademarks are the property of Pantone, Inc. © Pantone, Inc., 2002 Pantone, Inc. is the copyright owner of color data and/or software which are licensed to Autodesk, Inc., to distribute for use only in combination with certain Autodesk software products. PANTONE Color Data and/or Software shall not be copied onto another disk or into memory unless as part of the execution of this Autodesk software product. Portions Copyright © 1991-1996 Arthur D. Applegate. All rights reserved. Portions of this software are based on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. RAL DESIGN © RAL, Sankt Augustin, 2002 RAL CLASSIC © RAL, Sankt Augustin, 2002 Representation of the RAL Colors is done with the approval of RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V. (RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Certification, re. Assoc.), D-53757 Sankt Augustin." Copyright © Stade de France - Macary, Zublena et Regembal, Costantini - Architectes, ADAGP - Paris - 2003 Typefaces from the Bitstream ® typeface library copyright 1992. Typefaces from Payne Loving Trust © 1996. All rights reserved. GOVERNMENT USE Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR 12.212 (Commercial Computer SoftwareRestricted Rights) and DFAR 227.7202 (Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software), as applicable. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Contents Chapter 1 Find the Information You Need . . . . . . . . Install the Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use the Help System Efficiently . . . . . . . . . . Find Information in Help . . . . . . . . . . Use Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use Ask Me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Understand How Help Topics Are Organized . . . . Use the Up Arrow to Navigate Help Topics . . . . . Print Help Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . Show and Hide the Contents Pane . . . . . . . Get Additional Help . . . . . . . . . . . . Use Active Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . Learn the Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obtain Documentation Updates . . . . . . . . . . Receive Product Updates and Announcements . . . . . Overview of Communication Center . . . . . . Customize Program Update and Announcement Options Receive New Information Notifications . . . . . . View the Product Readme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .2 .3 .3 .5 .6 .7 .8 .8 .9 10 10 12 12 13 13 14 15 16 iii Part I The User Interface. . . . . Chapter 2 Menus, Toolbars and Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insert Blocks and Hatches Using Tool Palettes . Change Tool Palette Settings . . . . . . Control Tool Properties . . . . . . . . Customize Tool Palettes. . . . . . . . Save and Share Tool Palettes . . . . . . Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shortcut Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . The Object Snap Menu . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 The Command Window . DesignCenter . . . . . Overview of DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . Understand the DesignCenter Window. . . . . . . Access Content with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . Add Content with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . Retrieve Content from the Web with DesignCenter Online Overview of DesignCenter Online . . . . . . Understand DesignCenter Online Content Types . Retrieve Content on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Customize the Drawing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Set Interface Options . . Customize Startup . . . Save and Restore Profiles . . . . Pointing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pointing Device Buttons Digitizing Tablets . . iv | Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enter Commands on the Command Line . . . . . Enter System Variables on the Command Line . . . Navigate and Edit Within the Command Window . . Switch Between Dialog Boxes and the Command Line . Dock and Resize the Command Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . . . . 20 20 21 23 25 26 27 29 29 33 . 35 . . . . . 36 38 39 41 42 . 45 . . . . . . . . 46 46 48 51 55 55 57 58 . 61 . . . 62 64 66 . 69 . . 70 73 Part II Chapter 7 Start, Organize, and Save a Drawing . Start and Save a Drawing . . . . Chapter 8 Chapter 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Opening Drawings . . . . . . . Find a Drawing File . . . . . . . . . . Specify Search Paths, File Names, and File Locations Work with Multiple Open Drawings . . . . . Open Part of a Large Drawing (Partial Load) . . . Add Identifying Information to Drawings . . . Recover a Damaged File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specify Units, Angles, and Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open an Existing Drawing Set Units of Measurement Set Angle Conventions . Draw to Scale . . . . Chapter 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Start a Drawing from Scratch . . . Use a Setup Wizard. . . . . . . Use a Template File to Start a Drawing Save a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Organize Drawings and Apply Standards . . . . . Overview of CAD Standards . . . . . . . . . Define Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . Check Drawings for Standards Violations . . . . Translate Layer Names and Properties . . . . . . Convert Layers to Established Drawing Standards View Selected Drawing Layers . . . . . . Purge Unreferenced Layers . . . . . . . Part III Control the Drawing Views . Chapter 11 Change a View in Two Dimensions . . . Pan a View . . . . . . . . . . . Magnify a View (Zoom) . . . . . . . Pan and Zoom with the Aerial View Window Save and Restore Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . . . . . . 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 . 80 . 81 . 83 . 87 . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 . 89 . 90 . 91 . 92 . 95 . 96 . 101 . . . . . . . . . . . 102 104 104 . 109 . . . . . . . 110 112 114 121 121 123 123 . 125 . . 127 . . . . . . . . Contents 128 129 133 136 | v Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Part IV Chapter 14 . . . . View a Parallel Projection in 3D . . . . . . . . . Overview of Viewing Parallel Projections in 3D . . Choose Preset 3D Views. . . . . . . . . . Define a 3D View with Coordinate Values or Angles. Change to a View of the XY Plane . . . . . . Change a 3D View Dynamically . . . . . . . Display a Perspective View . . . . . . . . . . . Specify 3D Views Interactively (3D Orbit) . . . . . . Overview of 3D Orbit . . . . . . . . . . Set 3D Graphics Display Options (3D Orbit) . . . Set Lights and Materials (3D Orbit) . . . . . . Locate the Camera Position (3D Orbit) . . . . . Use 3D Orbit Commands . . . . . . . . . Adjust Clipping Planes (3D Orbit) . . . . . . Specify a 3D View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Multiple Views . . . . . . . . . . . 161 . . . . . . . . . . 162 . 164 . 165 Create and Modify Objects . . . . | Contents . 140 140 140 141 143 143 145 147 147 148 148 149 151 159 . . . 139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Object Properties. . . . . . . Display and Change the Properties of Objects . Copy Properties Between Objects . . . . . Work with Layers . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Layers . . . . . . . . Use Layers to Manage Complexity . . . Create and Name Layers . . . . . . Change Layer Settings and Layer Properties Filter and Sort the List of Layers . . . . Save and Restore Layer Settings . . . . Work with Colors . . . . . . . . . . Set the Current Color . . . . . . . Change the Color of an Object . . . . Use Color Books . . . . . . . . . vi . . . . . Set Model Tab Viewports . . . . . . . . . . Select the Current Viewport . . . . . . . . . Save and Restore Model Tab Viewport Arrangements . Control the Properties of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 170 173 174 174 175 177 180 182 184 187 187 189 191 Work with Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . Load Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Set the Current Linetype . . . . . . . . . . . Change the Linetype of an Object . . . . . . . . Control Linetype Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . Display Linetypes on Short Segments and Polylines . . Control Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . Display Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . Set the Current Lineweight . . . . . . . . . . Change the Lineweight of an Object . . . . . . . Control the Display Properties of Certain Objects . . . . . Control the Display of Polylines, Hatches, Gradient Fills, Lineweights, and Text . . . . . . . . Control the Display Order of Overlapping Objects . . . Chapter 15 Use Precision Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 193 193 196 197 198 200 201 201 203 204 205 206 . . . . 206 208 . Use Coordinates and Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . Overview of Coordinate Entry . . . . . . . . . Enter 2D Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . Enter 3D Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . Control the User Coordinate System (UCS) in 2D . . . Specify Drawing Planes in 3D (UCS) . . . . . . . Assign User Coordinate System Orientations to Viewports Control the Display of the User Coordinate System Icon . Snap to Locations on Objects (Object Snaps) . . . . . . Use Object Snaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . Set Visual Aids for Object Snaps (AutoSnap) . . . . . Restrict Cursor Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjust Grid and Grid Snap . . . . . . . . . . Use Orthogonal Locking (Ortho Mode) . . . . . . Use Polar Tracking and PolarSnap . . . . . . . . Lock an Angle for One Point (Angle Override) . . . . Combine or Offset Points and Coordinates . . . . . . . Combine Coordinate Values (Coordinate Filters) . . . Track to Points on Objects (Object Snap Tracking) . . . Specify Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enter Direct Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . Offset from Temporary Reference Points . . . . . . Specify Intervals on Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents 210 210 211 215 222 225 230 232 234 234 236 238 238 240 241 244 244 244 246 249 249 249 250 | vii Chapter 16 Extract or Calculate Geometric Information from Objects . Obtain Distances, Angles, and Point Locations . . Obtain Area Information . . . . . . . . . Use the Geometry Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Draw Geometric Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Draw Linear Objects . . . . . . . . . Draw Lines . . . . . . . . . . Draw Polylines . . . . . . . . Draw Polygons . . . . . . . . Draw Multiple-Line Objects . . . . Draw Freehand Sketches . . . . . Draw Curved Objects . . . . . . . . Draw Arcs . . . . . . . . . . Draw Circles . . . . . . . . . Draw Polyline Arcs . . . . . . . Draw Donuts . . . . . . . . . Draw Ellipses . . . . . . . . . Draw Splines . . . . . . . . . Draw Construction and Reference Geometry . Draw Reference Points . . . . . . Draw Construction Lines (and Rays) . . Create and Combine Areas (Regions) . . . Create 3D Objects . . . . . . . . . Overview of 3D Objects . . . . . . Add Extruded Thickness to Objects . . Create Wireframe Models . . . . . Create Surfaces . . . . . . . . Create 3D Solids . . . . . . . . Create and Insert Symbols (Blocks) . . . . Overview of Blocks . . . . . . . Create Blocks . . . . . . . . . Insert Blocks . . . . . . . . . Modify Blocks . . . . . . . . . Attach Data to Blocks (Block Attributes) Remove Block Definitions . . . . . Create Revision Clouds . . . . . . . . viii | Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 254 255 259 261 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 262 262 266 268 272 274 274 279 280 284 285 287 289 289 290 292 295 295 297 298 299 308 316 316 317 325 328 339 350 351 Chapter 17 Change Existing Objects . . . . . . . Select Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . Select Objects Individually . . . . . . Select Multiple Objects . . . . . . . Prevent Objects from Being Selected . . . Filter Selection Sets . . . . . . . . . Customize Object Selection . . . . . . Group Objects . . . . . . . . . . Correct Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . Modify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Modifying Objects . . . . . Remove Objects . . . . . . . . . . Move Objects. . . . . . . . . . . Rotate Objects . . . . . . . . . . Align Objects . . . . . . . . . . . Copy, Offset, or Mirror Objects . . . . . Change the Size and Shape of Objects . . . Create Fillets, Chamfers, or Breaks in Objects Use Grips to Edit Objects . . . . . . . Modify Splines . . . . . . . . . . Modify Compound Objects . . . . . . . . Disassociate Compound Objects (Explode) . Modify Hatches and Solid-Filled Areas . . . Modify or Join Polylines . . . . . . . Modify Multilines . . . . . . . . . Modify 3D Solids . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Modifying 3D Solids . . . . Fillet and Chamfer 3D Solids . . . . . . Section and Slice 3D Solids . . . . . . Modify Faces of 3D Solids . . . . . . . Modify Edges of 3D Solids . . . . . . Imprint 3D Solids . . . . . . . . . Separate 3D Solids . . . . . . . . . Shell 3D Solids . . . . . . . . . . Clean and Check 3D Solids . . . . . . Use Windows Cut, Copy, and Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents 356 356 357 360 360 363 365 369 371 371 371 373 376 379 380 390 398 409 418 420 420 421 423 426 429 429 429 431 432 439 440 441 441 442 443 | ix Part V Chapter 18 Hatches, Notes, and Dimensions . Hatches, Fills, and Wipeouts . . . . . . . Overview of Hatch Patterns and Fills . . . . Define Hatch Boundaries . . . . . . . . Overview of Hatch Boundaries . . . . Control the Hatching in Islands . . . . Define Hatch Boundaries in Large Drawings Create Unbounded Hatches . . . . . Choose Hatch Patterns and Solid Fills . . . . Create Solid-Filled Areas . . . . . . Create Gradient-Filled Areas . . . . . Use Predefined Hatch Patterns. . . . . Create User-Defined Hatch Patterns . . . Create a Blank Area to Cover Objects . . . . Chapter 19 Notes and Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Notes and Labels . . . . . . . . . Create Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Creating Text and Leaders . . . . Create Single-Line Text . . . . . . . . . Create Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . Create Text with Leaders . . . . . . . . Import Text from External Files . . . . . . Work with Text Styles . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Text Styles . . . . . . . . . Assign Text Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . Set Text Height . . . . . . . . . . . Set Text Obliquing Angle . . . . . . . . Set Horizontal or Vertical Text Orientation . . Change Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Changing Text . . . . . . . Change Single-Line Text . . . . . . . . Change Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . Change Text with a Leader . . . . . . . . Change Text Scale and Justification . . . . . Check Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use an Alternate Text Editor . . . . . . . . . Overview of Using an Alternate Text Editor . . Format Multiline Text in an Alternate Text Editor x | Contents . . 447 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 454 454 455 456 458 459 459 461 463 464 464 467 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 468 468 469 471 482 485 487 487 489 494 495 496 496 496 497 498 500 501 502 504 504 505 Chapter 20 Dimensions and Tolerances . . . Understand Basic Concepts of Dimensioning . . . . . Overview of Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . Parts of a Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . Associative Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . Use Dimension Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Dimension Styles . . . . . . . . Compare Dimension Styles and Variables. . . . . Control Dimension Geometry . . . . . . . . Control Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . Control Dimension Values . . . . . . . . . Set the Scale for Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . Create Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Create Linear Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . Create Radial Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . Create Angular Dimensions . . . . . . . . . Create Ordinate Dimensions . . . . . . . . . Modify Existing Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . Apply a New Dimension Style to Existing Dimensions Override a Dimension Style . . . . . . . . . Modify Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . Modify Dimension Geometry . . . . . . . . Change Dimension Associativity . . . . . . . Add Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . Material Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . Datum Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . Projected Tolerance Zones . . . . . . . . . Composite Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part VI Create Layouts and Plot Drawings Chapter 21 Create Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . Work in Paper Space and Model Space . . . . . Set Up a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Layout Setup . . . . . . . . Select a Paper Size for a Layout . . . . . . Determine the Drawing Orientation of a Layout Adjust the Plot Origin in a Layout . . . . . Set the Plot Area of a Layout . . . . . . . Set the Plot Scale for a Layout . . . . . . Set the Lineweight Scale for a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 510 511 512 514 514 514 516 519 527 534 536 536 542 544 545 547 547 548 550 553 555 557 557 559 559 560 560 . 563 . . 565 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents 566 569 571 571 572 576 577 578 579 580 | xi Chapter 22 Use the Layout Wizard to Specify Layout Settings Reuse Layouts and Layout Settings . . . . . . . Duplicate a Layout . . . . . . . . . . Create a Layout Using a Template . . . . . Save a Layout Template . . . . . . . . . Insert a Layout Using DesignCenter . . . . . Import PCP or PC2 Settings into a Layout . . . Create and Use Named Page Setups . . . . . Create Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . Work with Layout Viewports . . . . . . . Place Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . Change the Properties of Layout Viewports . . Lock the Scale of Layout Viewports . . . . . Control Visibility in Layout Viewports . . . . . . Manage Layer Visibility in a Layout . . . . . . . Edit in Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . Scale Views Relative to Paper Space . . . . . Scale Linetypes in Layout Viewports . . . . . Align Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . . Rotate Views in Layout Viewports . . . . . Create a Nonrectangular Viewport . . . . . . . Redefine the Boundary of an Existing Viewport . Use Grips to Edit Nonrectangular Viewports . . Zoom and Pan in Nonrectangular Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plot Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Plotting Has Changed from Previous Versions . . . . . . . Overview of How Plotting Has Changed from Previous Versions . Plot Drawings from Previous Versions . . . . . . . . . Migrate Pen Settings from Previous Versions . . . . . . . Use Plotter Configuration Files from Previous Versions . . . . Set Up a Page for Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Set Paper Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Position the Drawing on the Paper . . . . . . . . . . Control How Objects Are Plotted. . . . . . . . . . . . . Set Plot Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Set Options for Plotted Objects . . . . . . . . . . . Set Shaded Viewport Options . . . . . . . . . . . . Use Plot Styles to Control Plotted Objects . . . . . . . . Use Color-Dependent Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . Use Named Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . Change Plot Style Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii | Contents 581 581 581 582 583 584 584 585 588 588 589 590 591 592 594 598 598 599 600 602 603 604 604 605 607 608 611 611 612 612 613 615 615 618 620 620 622 625 628 634 635 640 Specify the Area to Plot . . . . Preview a Plot . . . . . . . Plot Files to Other Formats . . . Plot to DXB File Formats . . Plot to Raster File Formats . Create Adobe PostScript Files. Create Plot Files . . . . . Plot Batches of Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part VII Share Data Between Drawings and Applications . Chapter 23 Reference Other Drawing Files (Xrefs) . . . . . . Overview of External References . . . . . . . . . . Attach, Update, and Bind External References . . . . . . Attach External References . . . . . . . . . . Nest and Overlay External References . . . . . . . Update Attached External References . . . . . . . Clip External References and Blocks . . . . . . . Resolve Name Conflicts in External References . . . . Archive Drawings That Contain External References (Bind) Detach External References . . . . . . . . . . . . Edit External References and Blocks in Place. . . . . . . Edit an Xref in a Separate Window . . . . . . . . Edit Xrefs and Blocks Within Context . . . . . . . Set Paths to Externally Referenced Drawings. . . . . . . Resolve External Reference Errors . . . . . . . . . . Resolve Missing External Reference Files . . . . . . Resolve External References That Are Circular . . . . Track External Reference Operations (Log File) . . . . Increase Performance with Large Xrefs . . . . . . . . Overview of Demand Loading . . . . . . . . . Unload Xrefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Work with Demand Loading . . . . . . . . . . Work with Layer and Spatial Indexes . . . . . . . Set Paths for Temporary Xref File Copies . . . . . . 663 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 651 652 652 653 654 656 657 . 665 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents 666 666 666 669 670 673 675 676 678 678 678 679 685 690 690 691 692 694 694 694 695 696 698 | xiii Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 xiv | . . . . Overview of Object Linking and Embedding . . . . Import OLE Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Importing OLE Objects into Drawings Link OLE Objects in Drawings. . . . . . . Embed OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . Limitations of OLE Objects in Drawings . . . Export OLE Objects from Drawings . . . . . . . Edit OLE Objects in Drawings . . . . . . . . . Link and Embed Data (OLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Work with Data in Other Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Access External Databases . . . . . Overview of Using AutoCAD with External Databases . . . Access a Database from Within AutoCAD . . . . . . . Configure a Database for Use with AutoCAD Drawings . View Data in a Database Table. . . . . . . . . Edit Data in a Database Table . . . . . . . . . Link Database Records to Graphical Objects . . . . . . Create and Edit Links and Link Templates . . . . . Identify and Select Existing Links. . . . . . . . Find and Correct Link Errors . . . . . . . . . Export Link Information . . . . . . . . . . Use Labels to Display Database Information in the Drawing . Create and Edit Labels and Label Templates . . . . Update Labels with New Values from the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Import Files Created in Other Formats . . . . . . Export Drawings to Other File Formats . . . . . . DXF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . WMF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raster Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . PostScript Files. . . . . . . . . . . . ACIS Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3D Studio Files . . . . . . . . . . . Stereolithograph Files . . . . . . . . . DWF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use Drawings from Different Versions and Applications Save Drawings to Previous Drawing File Formats . Work with AutoCAD Drawings in AutoCAD LT . Work with Custom and Proxy Objects . . . . . . . . . . 699 . . . . . . . . 700 702 702 702 705 708 708 709 713 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 716 716 717 718 719 720 721 721 722 722 722 723 724 727 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 729 729 731 736 738 738 743 746 746 747 747 752 Use Queries to Filter Database Information . . . . . . . Overview of Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . Construct Simple Queries . . . . . . . . . . . Use the Query Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . Use SQL Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Combine Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Save and Reuse Queries . . . . . . . . . . . Share Link and Label Templates and Queries with Other Users . Work with Links in Files from Earlier Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part VIII Work with Other People and Organizations . 771 Chapter 27 Protect and Sign Drawings . . . 773 . . . . Drawing Encryption . . . . . . . . Overview of Encryption . . . . . Protect Drawings with Encryption . . View Password-Protected Drawings . . Sign Drawings . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Digital Signatures . . . Personally Sign Drawings . . . . . View Drawings with Digital Signatures Chapter 28 Use the Internet to Share Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Get Started with Internet Access . . . . . . . . Add Hyperlinks to a Drawing . . . . . . . . . Overview of Using Hyperlinks in a Drawing . . . Use a Hyperlink to Access a File or a Web Page . . Use a Hyperlink to Create an Email Message . . . Use Hyperlinks in Blocks . . . . . . . . . Use a Hyperlink to Start a New Drawing . . . . Convert Previously Attached URLs to Hyperlinks . Work with Drawing Files over the Internet . . . . . Open and Save Drawing Files from the Internet . . Work with Xrefs over the Internet . . . . . . Insert Content from a Website . . . . . . . Package a Drawing File Set for Internet Transmission Use the Publish to Web Wizard to Create Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 753 754 758 760 762 764 765 767 774 774 775 777 779 779 780 784 . 791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents 792 792 792 793 797 798 799 799 800 800 805 806 808 810 | xv Chapter 29 Insert and View Markups . . . . . Overview of the Electronic Markup Feature Insert Markup Data . . . . . . . . Review Electronic Markups . . . . . Chapter 30 Part IX xvi | Publish Drawing Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 . 814 . 816 . . . . 819 Overview of Design Publisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . Create an Electronic Drawing Set. . . . . . . . . . . . Create a Paper Drawing Set (and Plot to File) . . . . . . . . Modify a Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Republish a Drawing Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . View a Published Drawing Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . Configure a DWF6 Driver (Advanced) . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Creating or Modifying a DWF6 Configuration File Set the DWF File Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . Set the DWF File Compression . . . . . . . . . . Set Font-Handling for the DWF File . . . . . . . . . Edit Pen Patterns for the DWF File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Create Realistic Images and Graphics 843 . . . . 820 821 825 829 831 833 833 833 836 837 838 840 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 Contents . Find the Information You Need AutoCAD® is a powerful application with tools that help In this chapter you work with a high level of efficiency and ■ Install the Product productivity. You install AutoCAD with the Installation wizard that starts automatically when you insert the product CD. ■ Use the Help System Efficiently ■ Use Active Assistance ■ Learn the Product ■ Obtain Documentation Updates AutoCAD is often intuitive, but when you do need to look something up, you can save time and avoid frustration if you use the Help system to find information. The ■ Receive Product Updates and Announcements ■ View the Product Readme Help system is organized in a structured design that makes information easy to locate. 1 Install the Product You can easily install and configure AutoCAD on a stand-alone computer. Insert the product CD in the CD-ROM drive. Then in the AutoCAD CD Browser, on the Install tab, click Install. The Installation wizard leads you through the installation process. The AutoCAD CD Browser also provides instructions for network installations and access to information about technical support and licensing. If you want more extensive information about installing a stand-alone version of AutoCAD, you can consult the Stand-Alone Installation Guide. To access this guide, in the AutoCAD CD Browser, after you click Install on the Install tab, click Stand-Alone Installation Guide (.pdf). If you want more extensive information about deploying AutoCAD on a network, you can consult the Network Administrator's Guide. To access this guide, in the AutoCAD CD Browser, click the Network Deployment tab, and then click Network Administrator's Guide (.pdf). Once the product is installed, you can access either the Stand-Alone Installation Guide or the Network Administrator's Guide in the Help system. Migration Tools AutoCAD Migration Tools help you when upgrading to a new release of AutoCAD. You can download the Migration Tools from the Autodesk website in several languages. Available tools include ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Layer State Converter Batch Drawing Converter AutoLISP Compatibility Analyzer Menu and Toolbar Porter Command Alias Porter ■ ScriptPro After going to the Autodesk website, http://www.autodesk.com/migrationtools, perform a search on Migration Tools. Note Because these are public tools, product support for them is limited to the Autodesk discussion groups. 2 | Chapter 1 Find the Information You Need Use the Help System Efficiently AutoCAD Help contains complete information about using AutoCAD. In the Help window, you use the left pane to locate information. The tabs above the left pane give you several ways for finding the topics you want to view. The right pane displays the topics you select. Find Information in Help The tabs on the left side of the Help window provide different methods for finding information. To locate a specific word or phrase in the current topic, use the CTRL+F keys. Contents Tab ■ ■ ■ Presents an overview of the available documentation in a list of topics and subtopics. Allows you to browse by selecting and expanding topics. Provides a structure so you can always see where you are in Help and quickly jump to other topics. Index Tab ■ ■ Displays an alphabetical list of keywords related to the topics listed on the Contents tab. Accesses information quickly when you already know the name of a feature, command, or operation, or when you know what action you want AutoCAD to perform. Search Tab ■ ■ ■ Provides full-text search of all the topics listed on the Contents tab. Allows you to perform an exhaustive search for a specific word or phrase. Displays a ranked list of topics that contain the word or words entered in the keyword field. Favorites Tab ■ ■ ■ Provides an area where you can save "bookmarks" to important topics. Displays your list of favorite or often-used topics. Lists any topic that is displayed in the right pane of the Help window, even topics that are on the Web. Use the Help System Efficiently | 3 Ask Me Tab ■ ■ ■ Allows you to find information using a question phrased in everyday language. Displays a ranked list of topics that correspond to the word or phrase entered in the question field. Provides a "Search the Web" link that sends a query to a search engine on the Web. To start Help ■ On the Help menu, click Help or Developer Help. Note You can press F1 at the Command prompt, in a dialog box, or at a prompt within a command to display Help information. To use the Help Contents 1 If necessary, choose the Show button to display the left pane of the Help window. Then choose the Contents tab to display Help Contents. 2 To expand the Help Contents list, use one of these methods: ■ ■ Double-click a closed-book icon or click the + icon next to it. Right-click in Help Contents and choose Open All. 3 To close the Help Contents list, use one of these methods: ■ ■ Double-click an open-book icon or click the - icon next to it. Right-click in Help Contents and choose Close All. 4 To view a topic, use one of these methods: ■ ■ In Help Contents, click the topic. Click any blue underlined text in a topic. To use Favorites for storage and retrieval of Help topics 1 In the right pane of the Help window, display the topic that you want to store. 2 Click the Favorites tab, and then click Add. 3 Do one of the following: ■ ■ 4 | Chapter 1 To redisplay the topic, select it in the Topics list and click Display. To remove the topic from Favorites, select it in the Topics list and click Remove. Find the Information You Need