Transcript
The information in this publication is provided for reference only. All information contained in this publication is believed to be correct and complete. Thermo Nicolet Corporation shall not be liable for errors contained herein nor for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. All product specifications, as well as the information contained in this publication, are subject to change without notice. This publication may contain or reference information and products protected by copyrights or patents and does not convey any license under the patent rights of Thermo Nicolet Corporation, nor the rights of others. Thermo Nicolet Corporation does not assume any liability arising out of any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties. Thermo Nicolet Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Copyright © 2002 by Thermo Nicolet Corporation, Madison WI 53711. Printed in the United States of America. All world rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior written permission of Thermo Nicolet Corporation. For technical assistance, please contact: Technical Support Thermo Nicolet Corporation 5225 Verona Road Madison, WI 53711-4495 Telephone: 800-642-6538 or 608-276-6373 Fax: 608-273-6883 E-mail:
[email protected] Avatar, Almega, Nexus, and OMNIC are registered trademarks of Thermo Nicolet Corporation. 269-136400
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Contents Operating Your Spectrometer Safely ................................................. 1 Manual conventions ..................................................................... 2 Questions or concerns .................................................................. 2 General safety information........................................................... 3 Fire safety and burn hazards................................................... 9 Environmental conditions .................................................... 13 Using liquid nitrogen ........................................................... 13 Cleaning the spectrometer.................................................... 14 Lifting or moving the spectrometer...................................... 15 Biohazard or radioactive materials and infectious agents.... 16 Safety labeling...................................................................... 16 Electrical Safety ............................................................................... 17 Powering up ............................................................................... 19 Power supplies ........................................................................... 22 Almega ................................................................................. 22 Raman 960 ........................................................................... 24 Avatar and Nexus ................................................................. 24 Avatar 330, 370, and 370 CsI......................................... 24 Nexus 470, 670 and 870................................................. 25 Connecting an external power supply .................................. 25 Fuses........................................................................................... 27 Replacing Almega fuses....................................................... 28 Illuminator bulbs ........................................................................ 32 Electrical service ........................................................................ 41 Grounding .................................................................................. 42 Power cords................................................................................ 42 Laser Safety...................................................................................... 45 Protective housing...................................................................... 46 Laser emissions .......................................................................... 47 Safety interlocks......................................................................... 47 Almega ................................................................................. 48 Nexus 670 and 870............................................................... 49
Raman 960............................................................................ 50 Laser emission indicator............................................................. 51 Manufacturer’s laser information............................................... 52 Laser Safety for Raman.................................................................... 57 Excitation lasers ......................................................................... 57 Almega ................................................................................. 58 Raman 960............................................................................ 58 Preparing for a service call......................................................... 59 Laser safety goggles ................................................................... 60 Specifications ....................................................................... 60 Use and care ......................................................................... 61 Disabling the excitation laser ..................................................... 62 Almega ................................................................................. 62 Raman 960............................................................................ 63 Laser indicators .......................................................................... 64 Almega ................................................................................. 64 Raman 960............................................................................ 65 Protective housing ...................................................................... 66 Protective plates ................................................................... 67 Safety interlocks......................................................................... 68 Almega ................................................................................. 70 Raman 960............................................................................ 71 Remote interface .................................................................. 72 Laser cooling fans ...................................................................... 76 Corrosives, Solvents, and Purge Gas ............................................... 77 Purge gas .................................................................................... 77 Caustic or corrosive agents ........................................................ 78 Volatile solvents......................................................................... 78 Solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons ......................... 79 Safety Labels .................................................................................... 81 Almega ....................................................................................... 81 Avatar ......................................................................................... 87 Nexus 470................................................................................... 90 Nexus 670 and 870..................................................................... 94 Raman 960.................................................................................. 98
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Operating Your Spectrometer Safely This manual contains a summary of the safety precautions that must be followed when using the Thermo Nicolet Almega®, Avatar®, Nexus®, or Raman spectrometers Each person who will be using these instruments should read this manual. Safety information is also included in your spectrometer, Thermo Nicolet accessory, computer, and software manuals. In many cases, safety information is displayed on the spectrometer itself. The illustrations at the end of each language section of this manual show the locations of the safety labels. Should any of these labels become loose or unreadable, Thermo Nicolet will supply new ones. The Ordering Parts help book in Spectrometer Help Topics or parts list that came with your spectrometer or accessory contains information about obtaining replacement labels. Note
If the labeling on a Nexus spectrometer does not include a specific model number, review the safety information for Nexus 670 spectrometers. This safety information applies to your spectrometer. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
1
Manual conventions Note
The following conventions are used in this manual to draw your attention to important information: Notes contain helpful supplementary information. ▲
Important
Follow instructions labeled “Important” to avoid damaging the system hardware or losing data. ▲
▲ Caution
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices. ▲
Warning
Danger
Questions or concerns
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. ▲ Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. ▲ In case of emergency, follow the procedures established by your facility. If you have questions or concerns about safety or operating your spectrometer, or if you need assistance with repairs or replacement parts, use the information below to contact Thermo Nicolet. Outside the U.S.A., contact the local Thermo Nicolet sales or service representative. •
Phone: 800-642-6538 608-276-6373
•
Fax:
•
E-mail:
[email protected]
•
World Wide Web: http://www.thermo.com/nicolet
608-273-6883
(Choose ABOUT US and then click the desired location under “Contact Us” at the left side of the page.)
2
Thermo Nicolet
General safety information
Each Thermo Nicolet spectrometer and accessory is designed to comply with domestic and international safety regulations and applicable product standards. The table that follows lists each of the spectrometer models and the regulations and product standards that apply to each. The regulation labels shown in the table usually are located on the back of the spectrometer or accessory. Check the Declaration of Conformity that came with your instrument for specific information about conformity with particular directives and standards. The regulatory organizations are described here. ETL (Electrotechnical Laboratory) – The Electrotechnical Laboratory provides manufacturers with the measurement unit of electricity, light, radiation, and sound regulated by the Measurement Law through testing by all applicable standards. The ETL symbol indicates that the instrument has been inspected and approved by an independent testing laboratory. CSA (Canadian Standards Authority International) – An independent, not-for-profit organization dedicated to the development and application of standards through product certification, management systems registration, and information products. CSA certification indicates that a product or system has been evaluated under a formal process that includes examination, testing, and follow-up inspection and that the product complies with all applicable standards. GS (Geprüfte Sicherheit) – The GS mark indicates the device is in compliance with the judicial requirements of the German Device Safety Act or the currently accepted rules of technology, as well as the work protection and accident prevention regulations. In particular, compliance with paragraph 3 of the Device Safety Act is indicated by the mark.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
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CE (Conformité Européenne) – The CE mark indicates compliance with the European Union’s applicable New Approach Directives. The CE mark is a self declaration and self marking process. Once a manufacturer has proven that the particular equipment meets the requirements of the CE and has collected supporting data, that equipment may be marked with the CE.
LISTED
geprüfte Sicherheit
R
N0291537110
c
LIS
TED
R
N0291537110
4
Thermo Nicolet
Model
Regulations and product standards
Almega
•
LISTED
c R
N0291537110
LIS
TED
R
N0291537110
• •
•
• •
UL 3101-1 (1993) Electrical equipment for laboratory use Part 1: general requirements. (Installation category II) (Pollution degree 2), CSA C22.2 No. 1010 (1992) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 73/23/EEC (1973) Low voltage directive • EN 61010-1 (1993) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 89/336/EEC (1989) EMC Directive • IEC 61326-1 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use — EMC requirements • IEC 1000-4-2 (1995) Electrostatic discharge immunity • IEC 1000-4-3 (1998) Electromagnetic field immunity • IEC 1000-4-4 (1995) Electrical fast transient burst • IEC 1000-4-5 (1995) Surge immunity • IEC 1000-4-6 (1996) Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields • IEC 1000-4-11 (1994) Voltage dips short interruptions and voltage variation immunity; • CISPR 11 (1997) Class A; Limits and methods of electromagnetic disturbance characteristics of industrial scientific and medical (ISM) radio frequency equipment. EN 60825 (1994); Safety of laser products U.S. 21CFR 1040.10; Safety of laser products
Spectrometer Safety Guide
5
Model
Regulations and product standards
Avatar
•
LISTED
geprüfte Sicherheit
R
N0291537110
• c
LIS
TED
R
N0291537110
• • • •
• •
6
Thermo Nicolet
UL 3101-1 (1993) Electrical equipment for laboratory use. Part 1: general requirements. • Installation category II • Pollution degree 2 CSA C22.2 No. 1010 (1992) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 73/23/EEC (1973) Low voltage directive EN 61010-1 (1993) and A2 (1995) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 89/336/EEC (1989) EMC Directive IEC 61326-1 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use – EMC requirements • IEC 1000-4-2 (1995) Electrostatic discharge immunity • IEC 1000-4-3 (1998) Electromagnetic field immunity • IEC 1000-4-4 (1995) Electrical fast transient burst • IEC 1000-4-5 (1995) Surge immunity • IEC 1000-4-6 (1996) Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields • IEC 1000-4-11 (1994) Voltage dips short interruptions and voltage variation immunity; • EN 61000-3-2 (1995) Voltage harmonics • EN 61000-3-3 (1995) Voltage fluctuation and flicker • CISPR 11 (1997) Class A; Limits and methods of electromagnetic disturbance characteristics of industrial scientific and medical (ISM) radio frequency equipment. EN 60825 (1994); Safety of laser products U.S. 21CFR 1040.10; Safety of laser products
Model
Regulations and product standards
Nexus
•
LISTED
geprüfte Sicherheit
R
N0291537110
• c
LIS
TED
R
N0291537110
•
•
• •
UL 3101-1 (1993) Electrical equipment for laboratory use Part 1: general requirements. Installation category II) (Pollution degree 2), CSA C22.2 No. 1010 (1992) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 73/23/EEC (1973) Low voltage directive • EN 61010-1 (1993) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 89/336/EEC (1989) EMC Directive • EN50081-1 Generic emissions standard for residential, commercial and light industrial products • CISPR 11 (Class B) Limits and methods of electromagnetic disturbance characteristics of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio frequency equipment. • EN50082-1 Generic immunity standards for residential, commercial, and light industrial products • IEC 801-2 Electrostatic discharge requirements • IEC 801-3 Radiated electromagnetic field requirements • IEC 801-4 Electrical fast transient/burst requirements EN 60825 (1994); Safety of laser products U.S. 21CFR 1040.10; Safety of laser products
Spectrometer Safety Guide
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Model
Regulations and product standards
FT-Raman
•
LISTED
c R
N0291537110
LIS
TED
R
N0291537110
• •
•
• •
8
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UL 3101-1 (1993) Electrical equipment for laboratory use Part 1: general requirements. (Installation category II) (Pollution degree 2), CSA C22.2 No. 1010 (1992) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 73/23/EEC (1973) Low voltage directive • EN 61010-1 (1993) Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use 89/336/EEC (1989) EMC Directive • EN50081-1 Generic emissions standard for residential, commercial and light industrial products • CISPR 11 (Class B) Limits and methods of electromagnetic disturbance characteristics of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio frequency equipment. • EN50082-1 Generic immunity standards for residential, commercial, and light industrial products • IEC 801-2 Electrostatic discharge requirements • IEC 801-3 Radiated electromagnetic field requirements • IEC 801-4 electrical fast transient/burst requirements EN 60825 (1994); Safety of laser products U.S. 21CFR 1040.10; Safety of laser products
Fire safety and burn hazards
The following symbols appear inside the spectrometer to warn you about hot surfaces in the vicinity of the symbol.
To avoid a burn injury and the risk of fire or explosion, follow these guidelines:
Note
•
Do not test flammable or explosive samples.
•
Use only nitrogen or dried air to purge your spectrometer and accessories.
•
Do not touch the infrared source housing; it may be very hot.
•
Do not place anything on the electronics cover of an Avatar or Raman spectrometer. (See the illustrations at the end of this section.)
•
After you turn off your spectrometer, wait 15 minutes before you replace components.
•
Never block any of the vents on a spectrometer or the power supply for a spectrometer.
•
Keep the area around the base of an Almega spectrometer clear. There is an exhaust vent in the baseplate of the spectrometer.
•
Use exact replacements for fuses and illuminator bulbs.
Touching the HeNe laser poses no burn hazard. If you must replace the laser assembly, you can begin the procedure immediately after turning off the spectrometer power. ▲ Spectrometer Safety Guide
9
Vent
Vent underneath Vents Vent
Vents
Almega vent locations
10
Thermo Nicolet
Vents
Vents
Avatar and Nexus power supply vent locations The following Cautions and Warnings provide additional information about fire safety and preventing burn hazards. Warning
In FT-IR systems, the infrared source housing may be very hot. It stays hot for up to 15 minutes after you turn off your spectrometer. To avoid being burned or starting a fire, do not touch the housing with your body or any flammable object until it has cooled. Your system user’s guide and on-line Spectrometer Tour show the location of the infrared source inside your spectrometer. ▲
Danger
Never use a flammable gas to purge a spectrometer. The purge gas must be free of oil and other reactive materials. Heat from the source or from laser absorption may ignite flammable gasses or reactive materials in purge gas. ▲
▲ Caution
Do not place anything on top of the electronics cover of an Avatar or Raman spectrometer. Electronic components under the cover can become overheated if items are placed on the cover. The illustrations on the next page show the location of the spectrometer electronics cover. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
11
Electronics cover
Avatar 330/370
Electronics cover
Raman 960
12
Thermo Nicolet
Environmental conditions
Thermo Nicolet spectrometers and accessories are designed for indoor use at altitudes up to 2,000 meters (6,500 feet). They operate reliably at temperatures between 16 and 27 degrees C (60 and 80 degrees F). They may briefly be exposed to temperatures as low as -10 degrees C (for example, during transport) without degradation of its safety. Temperature changes may result in drift in the system response. FT-IR and FT-NIR spectrometers must be protected from excessive humidity, since the beamsplitters, detectors, and other components may corrode with exposure to moisture. Maintain humidity in the range of 20% to 80% noncondensing. To accomplish this, some spectrometers are sealed and desiccated; other spectrometers require purging.
Using liquid nitrogen
Some detectors must be cooled with liquid nitrogen before use. The following symbol reminds you to wear protective clothing when using liquid nitrogen.
Warning
Liquid nitrogen is extremely cold and therefore potentially hazardous. When filling the detector dewar, be careful not to contact the liquid nitrogen with your skin. Wear protective gloves and goggles and follow standard laboratory safety practices. ▲
Warning
To avoid hazardous equipment damage or contact with liquid nitrogen, make sure any dewar or container you use to hold liquid nitrogen can do so safely without breaking. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
13
Cleaning the spectrometer
14
If the outside of the spectrometer needs cleaning, turn off the power and disconnect the power cord. Then use a damp (not wet), soft cloth and a mild soap to clean the outside of the spectrometer. Do not use harsh detergents, solvents, chemicals or abrasives; these can damage the finish.
Warning
Avoid shock hazard. Do not allow liquid to run into the power supply. Also, do not allow liquids to run down the windows in the sample compartment walls. ▲
Important
Do not use harsh detergents, solvents, chemicals or abrasives; these can damage the finish. Never allow a liquid to flow into the spectrometer vents, and to avoid damaging port windows, do not allow liquid to run down to these windows. ▲
Important
Do not attempt to clean or even touch the mirror surfaces. The mirrors in your spectrometer are front surfaced and can be easily scratched. Dust will not harm the infrared signal, but fingerprints can degrade spectral performance or permanently damage the mirrors. If you feel it is necessary, remove dust with a gentle stream of clean air or nitrogen. Use purge air only for cleaning mirrors; commercially prepared canned air contains contaminants that can damage the mirror surface or interfere with spectral data. ▲
Thermo Nicolet
Lifting or moving the spectrometer
Thermo Nicolet spectrometers weigh between 24 kg (53 lb) and 150 kg (330 lb). To avoid risk of injury, use proper lifting techniques when lifting or moving the spectrometer or other system components.
▲ Caution
Nexus spectrometers cannot be lifted safely by a single person. Lifting or moving a Nexus spectrometer requires two people. Be sure to use the handholds on the sides of the Nexus spectrometer. ▲
▲ Caution
Almega spectrometers must be partially disassembled before they can be lifted or moved. They should be moved only by a qualified Thermo Nicolet service representative. Should an emergency situation arise which requires you to move an Almega spectrometer, contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support for specific instructions. Damage from improper moving techniques is not covered by warranty. Almega spectrometers cannot be lifted safely by a single person. Lifting or moving an Almega spectrometer requires four people. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
15
Biohazard or radioactive materials and infectious agents
Instruments, accessories, components or other associated materials may not be returned to Thermo Nicolet or other accessory manufacturers if they are contaminated with biohazard or radioactive materials, infectious agents, or any other materials and/or conditions that could constitute a health or injury hazard to employees. Contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support if you have questions about decontamination requirements. Outside the U.S.A., contact your local Thermo Nicolet office.
Safety labeling
In many cases, safety information is displayed on the instrument itself. The illustrations at the end of this manual show the locations of the safety labels. Should any of these labels become loose or unreadable, Thermo Nicolet will supply new ones. The Ordering Parts help book in Spectrometer Help Topics, or the parts list that came with your spectrometer or accessory, contains information about obtaining replacement labels. If you see this symbol on the spectrometer or on an accessory, be sure to read the safety label and check the information in this manual and in the documentation that came with the instrument or accessory. The symbol indicates that there is additional information in the documentation.
16
Thermo Nicolet
Electrical Safety Your spectrometer, computer, and accessories were designed with protective covers to prevent exposure to dangerous voltage and other electrical hazards. If you see either of the following symbols on your spectrometer, there is a risk of electric shock in the vicinity of the symbol.
Warning
Only qualified Thermo Nicolet service representatives should attempt to service a component that carries either of these symbols. ▲
Warning
If a protective cover on the spectrometer, computer, or monitor appears damaged, turn off the system and secure it against any unintended operation. Always examine the protective cover for transport stresses after shipping. ▲
Warning
Even after the spectrometer has been disconnected from all voltage sources, capacitors may remain charged for up to 30 seconds and can cause an electrical shock. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
17
You may also see one or more symbols on or near switches and connectors on your spectrometer. These symbols are often used to identify connectors or help you to locate user-replaceable fuses. The table that follows shows the symbols and lists the meaning of each. Check the documentation that came with your spectrometer if you find a symbol that is not included in the table.
Symbol
Description Alternating current Earth terminal or ground Protective conductor terminal Fuse Power on Power off Caution, refer to the accompanying documents
18
Thermo Nicolet
Powering up
To turn on the spectrometer, press the power switch: I = on O = off The illustrations on the next page show the location of the power switch on many Thermo Nicolet spectrometers.
Note
Warning
For information about powering up your computer, refer to the documentation that came with the computer. ▲ Do not operate a spectrometer or an accessory without following the safety precautions described in this manual and the documentation that came with your spectrometer. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
19
50 40 30 20 10
Power
Avatar 330/370
Power switch
Power switch (on external power supply)
Nexus 470/670/870
Power switch
Raman 960
20
Thermo Nicolet
Power switch
Almega
Illuminator button
Spectrometer power switch
Almega
Spectrometer Safety Guide
21
Power supplies
The Almega, the Raman 960 and many accessories receive their power from power supplies that are built into the instrument. Others, including the Avatar and the Nexus spectrometers, are powered by external power supplies.
Danger
To avoid injury, only a qualified person using the appropriate measuring device should check the line voltage, current and frequency. ▲
Almega
The Almega spectrometer contains as many as four power supplies. The microscope power supply provides power for the illuminators and microscope control circuitry. The main power supply powers the remaining circuitry in the spectrometer. These supplies are designed to adjust automatically for a variety of AC input voltages and frequencies, as listed below.
Power supply
Input voltage
Line frequency
Current (max.)
Main
200 VAC 250 VAC
50 – 60 Hz 50 – 60 Hz
2.4 A 2.6 A
100 VAC 127 VAC
50 – 60 Hz 50 – 60 Hz
4.5 A 5.5 A
220 – 240 VAC 50 – 60 Hz
1.8 A
100 – 120 VAC 50 – 60 Hz
2.8 A
Microscope
22
Thermo Nicolet
In addition, the excitation lasers have separate power supplies. Some of these power supplies must be configured at the factory for operation with a nominal line voltage of either 120 or 240 VAC. If your instrument contains a laser with input voltage restrictions, you will find a label indicating the appropriate nominal line voltage on the rear panel of the spectrometer.
120 VAC Or
240 VAC
S/N 000000000
To avoid damaging the instrument, be sure to use the correct input line voltage. Warning
If you move the Almega or have any question about input voltage restrictions, contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support before you turn on your spectrometer. The input voltage setting can be checked and changed only by trained Thermo Nicolet service personnel. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
23
Raman 960
The Raman 960 spectrometer power supply is configured at the factory for operation with a nominal line voltage of either 110 or 240 VAC. To avoid damaging the instrument, be sure to use the correct input line voltage.
Warning
Have an electrician measure the voltage of the wall outlet and verify that the voltage selection switch is set correctly before you turn on your spectrometer. ▲
Avatar and Nexus
The Avatar and Nexus spectrometers receive power from an external power supply. For these systems, a variety of AC power sources can be used and the power supply adjusts automatically.
Avatar 330, 370, and 370 CsI
The following illustration shows the DC power cable connector and lists the output voltage on each pin in the connector for an Avatar power supply.
Pin 2 5 3
24
Thermo Nicolet
4 1
Output
1
DC common
2
DC common
3
+5 VDC
4
-12 VDC
5
+12 VDC
Nexus 470, 670 and 870
The following illustration shows the DC power cable connector and lists the output voltage on each pin in the connector for a Nexus power supply.
Pin 1 6
4 8
2 5
7 3
1
DC common
2
-12 VDC
3
+ 5 VDC
4
-5 VDC
5
+12 VDC
6 7 8
Connecting an external power supply ▲ Caution
Output (voltage and maximum current)
DC common + 5 VDC Not connected
To connect an external power supply:
Be sure the power switch is in the off (O) position before you connect the power supply to your spectrometer. ▲ 1. Connect the DC power cable to the spectrometer. Tighten the screws or lock ring to secure the connection. 2. Connect the AC power cable to the external power supply. 3. Connect the AC power cable to AC power source. The illustrations on the following pages show the installation process.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
25
50 40 30 20 10
Power
Power switch
1
DC power cable 2
AC power cable
External power supply
3
Wall outlet (AC power)
Connecting an Avatar power supply
1 DC power cable
2
External power supply
AC power cable
3
Wall outlet (AC power)
Connecting a Nexus power supply 26
Thermo Nicolet
Fuses
The Nexus and Avatar model spectrometers are protected by two 2 A, time-lag (also known as T-type or slow-blow) fuses that are built into the external power supply. The fuses for these spectrometers are not individually replaceable. If the fuses blow, you must replace the power supply. The main power supply of an Almega spectrometer is protected by two standard (fast-blow) fuses that are user-replaceable. (The replacement procedure follows.) The fuses for the Almega microscope are sealed inside the microscope and are not user-replaceable. If you suspect a problem with the microscope fuses, contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support for assistance.
Almega main fuse location Replacement fuses for an Almega dispersive Raman spectrometer must meet the following specifications: Rating item
Main fuses
Current
4A
Voltage
250 V
Size
5 x 20 mm
Spectrometer Safety Guide
27
Replacing Almega fuses
You can easily check and (if necessary) replace the fuses in the Almega main power supply.
Warning
Avoid shock hazard. Always use an exact replacement for the fuses. ▲
Warning
To avoid the risk of electrical shock, do not attempt to change the fuses with the power cord plugged in. ▲ To replace the fuses in the Almega main power supply: 1. Power off the spectrometer. 2. Disconnect the spectrometer power cord from the wall outlet or power strip.
Spectrometer power switch
Wall outlet (AC power)
28
Thermo Nicolet
3. Open the fuse holder. Press the fuse holder latch. Use your finger tip or a small flatblade screwdriver.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
29
4. Slide the fuse holder out of the power supply.
Warning
Avoid shock hazard. Always use 4 A, 250 V, 5 x 20 mm fuses in the main power supply. ▲ 5. Slide the fuses out of the holder, check them, and replace them, if necessary.
Fuse holder
Fuse
Fuse
30
Thermo Nicolet
6. Slide the fuses into the fuse holder. 7. Slide the fuse holder back into the power supply. Be sure to slide the drawer all the way into the power supply. You should hear the latch click into place.
Fuse holder Fuse
Fuse
8. Reconnect the power cord. 9. Power on the Almega spectrometer.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
31
Illuminator bulbs
The Almega spectrometer contains an illuminator that lights the sample for microscopy work. The standard position for the Almega illuminator is at the top of the microscope, where it is used for reflection microscopy. It also may be located in the lower position for use in transmission miscroscopy. There may be two illuminators at the back of the microscope.
▲ Caution
Always turn off the power to the microscope and disconnect the power cord from the power source before replacing an illuminator bulb. ▲
▲ Caution
Use only a 12 V, 100 W HAL-L halogen bulb to replace a burned out illuminator bulb. The Ordering Parts help book in Spectrometer Help Topics contains ordering information. ▲ Although the illustrations in the instructions that follow show a reflection illuminator, the steps for replacing a bulb in either position are identical.
32
Thermo Nicolet
1. Turn off the microscope power. 2. Disconnect the microscope power cord from the spectrometer power panel and then from the microscope.
Power switch
▲ Caution
Allow the entire illuminator assembly to cool for at least five minutes before replacing the illuminator bulb. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
33
3. Use a 3.0 mm hex wrench to loosen, but not remove, the screw.
34
Thermo Nicolet
4. Lift the illuminator cover off the microscope.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
35
▲ Caution
Make sure the illuminator bulb is cool before handling it. ▲ 5. Remove the burned out bulb. The bulb is clamped in place. Press the levers to release the bulb and then lift it out of the socket.
36
Thermo Nicolet
▲ Caution
Use only a 12 V, 100 W HAL-L halogen bulb to replace a burned out illuminator bulb. ▲
Important
Never touch the new illuminator bulb with your bare fingers. Skin oils and other deposits on the bulb will shorten its life. ▲ 6. Install the new bulb. Hold the new illuminator bulb with a clean laboratory tissue. Depress the levers to open the clamp and then insert the new bulb into the socket. Release the levers to close the clamp.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
37
7. Replace the illuminator cover.
38
Thermo Nicolet
8. Use a 3.0 mm hex wrench to tighten the screw. Do not overtighten the screw.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
39
▲ Caution
To avoid shock hazard, always make sure the microscope power cord is connected to the microscope before plugging the power cord into a power source. ▲ 9. Reconnect the power cord to the microscope and then to the spectrometer power panel.
▲ Caution
Before turning on the microscope power, make sure the microscope power cord is connected to the microscope and a power source (typically the spectrometer power panel). ▲ 10. Turn on the microscope power.
40
Thermo Nicolet
Electrical service
Danger
Check the line voltage and frequency of the wall outlet that will be used for the spectrometer before you connect the instrument or turn on the power. This should be done when the system is installed and any time the system is plugged into a different wall outlet. To avoid injury, only a qualified person using the appropriate measuring device should check the line voltage, current and line frequency. ▲
Model
Input voltages
Line frequencies
Almega
100 – 250 VAC
50 – 60 Hz
Avatar
100 – 240 VAC
50 – 60 Hz
Nexus
100 – 240 VAC
50 – 60 Hz
FT-Raman
110 or 240 VAC
60 or 50 Hz
In addition to meeting the input voltage and line frequency requirements, your electrical service must also be stable. The following table provides the specifications for line disturbances and noise.
Characteristic
Specification
Line disturbances
Sags, surges, or other line disturbances must not exceed 10% of input voltage (even for a half cycle)
Noise
less than 2 V (common mode) less than 20 V (normal mode)
If you are not sure that your electrical service meets these requirements, contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support for information about a power line audit.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
41
Grounding
Each wall outlet you use must be equipped with a 3-wire line: live, neutral, and ground. The ground must be a non-current-carrying wire connected to earth ground at the main distribution box. To assure a good ground connection and avoid shock hazard, do not use an outlet that has ground connected to a conduit ground.
Warning
Do not disconnect protective earth terminals inside the spectrometer when the power is on. Doing so would create a shock hazard. ▲
Power cords
You must be sure to use an appropriate power cord for the electrical service. The power cord supplied with the spectrometer is a 3-wire, grounded power cord, appropriate for use in the country listed as the shipping destination for the spectrometer. If the power cord you received is not appropriate for the electrical system in your location, contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support and order a new power cord. The illustrations on the next page show the power cord styles that are available from Thermo Nicolet. If the power cord becomes damaged, replace it. Contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support or your local Thermo Nicolet office if you need additional information about replacement cord or extension cord specifications.
Warning
42
Thermo Nicolet
To prevent electrical hazards, do not remove or defeat the ground prong on the power cord, and do not use any cords that are frayed or damaged. If you use an extension cord, it also must have a protective conductor. ▲
North American 220 Volt Plug Style: NEMA 6-15
North American grounded plug Plug Style: NEMA 5-15
Danish style Plug Style: Afsnit 107-2-01
Japanese style Plug Style: JIS 8303
Australian style Plug Style: AS 3112
Indian, South African,
old British style Plug Style: BS 546
Italian style Plug Style: CEI 23-16/VII
Swiss style Plug Style: SEV 1011
Israeli style Plug Style: SI 32
Continental Europe style or Schuko Plug Style: CEE7/7
North American 220 Volt locking Plug Style: NEMA L6-15
British style or United Kingdom style Plug Style: BS 1363 with a 13 amp fuse
Spectrometer Safety Guide
43
.
44
Thermo Nicolet
Laser Safety The spectrometer is a laser product. The laser source in FT-IR and FT-NIR spectrometers is a helium neon (HeNe) laser head. Warning
Raman spectrometers and accessories also contain an excitation laser. If you are using an Almega dispersive Raman spectrometer, a Raman 960 FT-Raman spectrometer, an FT-Raman Microprobe Accessory or a Nexus FT-Raman Module, be sure to read the chapter titled “Laser Safety for Raman.” This chapter contains extremely important safety information. ▲
Warning
Never stare into the laser beam or at its bright reflection. Never tamper with the laser head, even if you are replacing a defective laser. Exposure to laser light or high voltage may result. ▲ The United States Department of Health and Human Services warns against improper laser use, as follows:
Warning
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified in your user’s guide and on-line tutorials may result in hazardous radiation exposure. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
45
Protective housing
A protective housing covers each spectrometer and accessory. More than 80 percent of the laser light is lost as it passes through Nexus spectrometer optics. For these spectrometers, the accessible laser radiation in the sample compartment is very low, approximately 10 µW of continuous power. For Avatar spectrometers, less than 0.39 µW of laser light is accessible during normal use and maintenance. The Avatar spectrometer and other Class I laser products (FDA-CDRH and IEC) are inherently safe. Virtually no laser radiation reaches the sample compartment. The laser light inside these spectrometers’ covers is in a horizontal plane. When you look through the sample compartment window, it is impossible to stare into the beam.
Warning
For Nexus spectrometers, laser light exposure is possible when a beam-deflecting accessory (for example, a diffuse reflectance accessory) is installed. Never stare into the sample compartment when a beam-deflecting accessory is installed. ▲ For Almega spectrometers, no hazardous levels of laser radiation are accessible during normal use and maintenance. With the 785 nm laser option, it is possible to view the sample through the eyepieces during collection of a spectrum, but a dichroic beamsplitter combined with a laser safety filter reduce the laser light exiting the eyepieces to 0.1 µW. With the 532 nm laser option and the 632 nm laser option, the dichroic option is not available, and it is not possible to view the sample through the eyepieces during collection of a spectrum. The chapter entitled “Laser Safety for Raman” contains more information about the 785 nm dichroic option.
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Thermo Nicolet
Laser emissions
Safety interlocks Warning
The accessible radiation levels are below limits defined by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The following table lists each spectrometer model and indicates which laser class regulations apply in the U.S.A. and internationally.
Model
Laser class (U.S.A.)
Laser class (international)
Almega
Class I
Class I
with fiber optic launcher
Class IIIb
Class IIIb
with interlock defeat kit
Class IIIb
Class IIIb
Avatar
Class I
Class I
Nexus
Class IIa
Class I
Raman
Class II
Class II
Safety interlocks protect you against accidental exposure to hazardous visible and/or invisible laser radiation. Do not tamper with the interlock switches. Never tamper with laser components, even if you are replacing a defective laser. Exposure to laser light or high voltage may result. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
47
Almega
The Almega dispersive Raman spectrometer has redundant safety interlocks that activate beam shutters whenever either the sample compartment or microscope compartment doors are open. See the chapter entitled “Laser Safety for Raman” for more information about Almega interlocks.
Safety Interlocks
Safety Interlocks
Almega interlock switches Important
48
Thermo Nicolet
Be sure both the microscope compartment is firmly closed and sample compartment door is closed and latched. You cannot collect data if either door is open. ▲
Nexus 670 and 870
Nexus 670 and 870 spectrometers have an interlock that turns off the laser whenever the beamsplitter/desiccant hatch is opened.
Safety interlock switch
Nexus 670 and 870 interlock switch Important
Be sure to latch the beamsplitter/desiccant hatch whenever you close it. The spectrometer will not scan if the compartment is not locked. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
49
Raman 960
Raman 960 spectrometer has redundant safety interlocks that activate laser beam blocking mechanisms when the sample compartment door is open. See the chapter entitled “Laser Safety for Raman” for more information about Raman 960 interlocks.
Safety interlock switches
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Raman 960
Raman 960 interlock switches Important
50
Thermo Nicolet
Be sure to latch the sample compartment cover whenever you close it. The spectrometer will not scan if the compartment is not latched. ▲
The laser emission indicator is on the front panel of Almega, Nexus and Raman spectrometers. (Avatar spectrometers do not have a separate laser indicator; whenever the power is on, the laser is on.) The laser indicator lights whenever the laser is turned on; if laser power fails, the indicator light turns off.
Almega laser indicator
Power
Scan
Laser
Source
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Nexus laser indicator
Po
Laser emission indicator
Laser Enable
Raman 960 laser indicator
Spectrometer Safety Guide
51
Manufacturers laser information
In some jurisdictions you may be required to register the spectrometer; check with your company’s safety officer or your local government offices. The following is an excerpt from the laser manufacturer’s manual regarding the information that might be needed for registration.
System
Characteristic
Specification
type of laser
frequency doubled Nd:YVO4 DPSS
wavelength
532 nm
minimum power
15 mW*
nominal power
25 mW*
maximum power
150 mW*
beam diameter
1.9 mm (1/e2)
beam divergence
8.5 mrad
spacing C/2L operating voltage
not applicable 5 VDC
CDRH classification
Class IIIb
type of laser wavelength
helium neon (HeNe)
minimum power
20 mW*
nominal power
35 mW*
maximum power
75 mW*
beam diameter
1.24 mm (1/e2)
beam divergence
0.68 mrad
spacing C/2L
165 MHz
operating voltage
4,400 – 53,000 VDC
CDRH classification
Class IIIb
Almega≠ 532 nm excitation (green laser)
633 nm excitation (red laser)
≠
See the Almega Laser Disclosure Notice for information about the laser(s) installed in an individual instrument.
* At output of laser head.
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Thermo Nicolet
632.8 nm
System
Characteristic
Specification
type of laser
externally stabilized diode laser
wavelength
785 nm
minimum power
50 mW*
nominal power
50 mW*
maximum power
500 mW*
beam diameter
1.5 mm (1/e2)
beam divergence
1.0 mrad
spacing C/2L operating voltage
not applicable 90 – 260 VAC
CDRH classification
Class IIIb
type of laser
externally stabilized diode laser
wavelength
785 nm
minimum power
10 mW*
nominal power
40 mW*
maximum power
100 mW*
beam diameter
3.0 mm (1/e2)
beam divergence
0.5 mrad
spacing C/2L operating voltage
not applicable 12 VDC
CDRH classification
Class IIIb
≠
Almega , continued… 785 nm excitation (NIR diode laser)
785 nm excitation (NIR diode laser)
≠
See the Almega Laser Disclosure Notice for information about the laser(s) installed in an individual instrument.
* At output of laser head.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
53
System
Characteristic
Specification
Avatar
manufacturer type of laser wavelength
Melles Griot helium/neon (HeNe)
minimum power
0.9 mW (TEM00)
nominal power
1.0 mW*
maximum power
1.6 mW*
beam diameter
0.65 cm* (1/e2)
beam divergence
3.0 mrad
spacing C/2L
1039 MHz
operating voltage
1700 ± 100 VDC
CDRH classification
Class IIIa
manufacturer type of laser wavelength
Melles Griot helium neon (HeNe)
minimum power
0.7 mW (TEM00)
nominal power
1.0 mW*
maximum power
1.2 mW*
beam diameter
0.65 cm* (1/e2)
beam divergence
2.0 mrad
spacing C/2L
1039 MHz
operating voltage
1700 ± 100 VDC
CDRH classification
Class IIIa
633 nm reference (red laser)
Nexus 633 nm reference (red laser)
* At output of laser head.
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Thermo Nicolet
632.8 nm
632.8 nm
System
Characteristic
Specification
manufacturer type of laser wavelength
Spectra-Physics Nd:YVO4
minimum power
0.015 W*
nominal power
2.5 W*
maximum power*
5.0 W*
beam diameter
1.0 mm* (1/e2)
beam divergence
0.5 mrad
spacing C/2L operating voltage
not applicable 110/220 VAC
CDRH class
Class IV
manufacturer type of laser wavelength
Melles Griot helium neon (HeNe)
minimum power
1.0 mW (TEM00)
nominal power
2.0 mW*
maximum power*
4.0 mW*
beam diameter
0.63 cm* (1/e2)
beam divergence
1.3 mrad
spacing C/2L
130 MHz
operating voltage
1700 ± 100 VDC
CDRH class
Class IIIa
Raman 960 1064 nm excitation (invisible laser)
633 nm reference (red laser)
1064 nm
632.8 nm
*At output of laser head.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
55
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Thermo Nicolet
Laser Safety for Raman When a laser beam strikes a sample, a very small portion of the laser light is scattered by the sample at a frequency different from that of the original beam. This shifting of the frequency is called the Raman effect, and the frequency-shifted light is called Raman radiation. The exact characteristics of Raman radiation depend on the chemical composition of the sample.
Excitation lasers
An excitation laser is used to produce the Raman radiation.
Warning
The laser energy from the excitation lasers may be visible or invisible. ▲
Warning
Avoid skin and eye contact with the radiation produced by an excitation laser beam and any reflections of that beam. ▲ All persons using or in the vicinity of the excitation laser should be aware of the potential hazards. Do not attempt to service the lasers yourself. Please call your local Thermo Nicolet office if a laser in a Raman spectrometer needs service.
Note
See the “Laser Manufacturer’s information” section of the “Laser Safety” chapter for information about individual excitation lasers. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
57
Almega
Note
The Almega dispersive Raman spectrometer contains one or two excitation lasers. It may include any of the following excitation lasers: •
a frequency-doubled neodymium YVO4 (Nd:YVO4, 532 nm, green)
•
a helium neon (HeNe, 633 nm, red)
•
an externally stabilized near-infrared (NIR, 785 nm, invisible) laser diode.
The Almega Laser Disclosure Notice that accompanied the spectrometer provides information about the excitation laser(s) installed in that particular instrument. ▲ The Almega excitation lasers emit continuous-wave laser energy at wavelengths ranging from 532 nm to 785 nm and have non-accessible power levels between 25 mW and 500 mW at the sample.
Raman 960
58
Thermo Nicolet
The Raman 960 spectrometer contains a HeNe laser (used for timing interferometer scans) and a Nd:YVO4 excitation laser. The HeNe laser was discussed in the chapter entitled “Laser Safety.” The excitation laser emits continuous-wave laser energy at a wavelength of 1064 nm and has a non-accessible power level between 1.5 W and 2.5 W at the sample.
Preparing for a service call
Whenever a Raman spectrometer requires service, you may need to set up a temporary controlled area. During Raman servicing, dangerous exposure to visible and/or invisible laser radiation produced by the excitation laser is possible. Anyone who is allowed to enter (or pass through) the controlled area must heed the following precautions:
Warning
If you wish to observe trained service personnel, wear laser safety goggles that meet the following specifications whenever the spectrometer power is on and the protective covers are open or removed! Avoid skin and eye contact with the invisible laser radiation produced by the excitation laser beam and any reflections of that beam. ▲
Warning
Never stare directly into a laser beam or its bright reflection, even if you are wearing laser safety goggles. The goggles protect you for diffuse viewing only. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
59
Laser safety goggles
Specifications
Warning
60
Thermo Nicolet
Exposure to radiation from the excitation laser can result in serious injury and/or blindness. To avoid serious injury, wear laser safety goggles whenever: •
You observe trained personnel servicing the spectrometer.
•
A fiber optic launcher is installed in the spectrometer.
The table that follows lists the specifications for protective eyewear for the excitation lasers that are currently available from Thermo Nicolet. If you do not find your laser in the list, contact the laser manufacturer or consult ANSI Z136.1-1993 to obtain protective eyewear specifications for your laser.
Laser
Wear goggles that are rated for: Laser wavelength Optical density
Nd:YVO4
1064 nm
6
NIR diode 633 nm red 532 nm green
785 nm 633 nm 532 nm
6 4 to 5 6
Always verify that the wavelength(s) listed on your eyewear correspond to the wavelength(s) of the laser being used. ▲
Use and care
Whenever you use laser safety goggles, follow these guidelines.
• Check your goggles before use for pits, cracks, flaws, scratches, discoloration or other damage. If you find any type of damage, replace the eyewear immediately.
• Avoid direct exposure to chemical vapors or chemical liquids that could cause surface cracks or other damage.
• Check your goggles before use to assure that the wavelength(s) listed on the eyewear matches the wavelength(s) of the laser being used.
• Make sure that the goggles fit securely. If they do not fit properly, they cannot provide protection from laser radiation.
• Never use laser safety goggles: -
for viewing direct beams or specular reflections during recreational or sports activities as sunglasses while operating a motor vehicle as protection against high impact or hazardous chemicals, or during welding, brazing, or cutting operations.
• Use only mild soap and water to clean your goggles. Ammonia, alkaline cleaners, abrasives and solvents can damage the lenses.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
61
Disabling the excitation laser
Both the Raman 960 and the Almega spectrometer are equipped with a keyswitch that enables and disables power for the excitation laser. The excitation laser can be turned on only if the keyswitch is in the ENABLED position and the laser controls in the Experiment Setup dialog box are set to ON.
Note
Raman spectrometers are shipped with two (2) keys for enabling and disabling the excitation laser. ▲
Almega
To disable the Almega excitation laser: 1. Uncheck the Laser On (or Lasers On) check box on the Bench tab in the Experiment Setup dialog box available through Collect menu. The Raman Laser indicator is off when the laser is off.
2. Turn the Laser DC keyswitch to the vertical (disabled) position and then remove the key from the spectrometer.
62
Thermo Nicolet
To disable the Raman 960 excitation laser: 1. Click the OFF button in the Laser box on the Bench tab in the Experiment Setup dialog box. 2. Turn the Laser Enable keyswitch to the horizontal (OFF) position and remove the key.
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The Laser Emission indicator is off when the laser is off.
Po
Raman 960
Laser Enable
Spectrometer Safety Guide
63
Laser indicators
The front panel contains indicators that show the current status of the spectrometer.
Almega
Power – The Power indicator lights when the spectrometer power is on and within specification. Microscope – The Microscope indicator lights whenever the destination of the excitation laser beam is the microscope. Sample Compartment – The Sample Compartment indicator lights whenever the destination of the excitation laser beam is the sample compartment. Raman Laser – The Raman Laser indicator lights whenever the excitation laser has been turned on. This does not mean that laser radiation is present throughout the instrument, only that the laser power is on. Laser at Sample – The Laser at Sample indicator lights when radiation from the excitation laser is present at the sample location. Always make sure the light goes out before you fully open the microscope doors or sample compartment cover. Opening doors or covers while the indicator is lit could expose you to laser radiation at power levels between 25 mW and 500 mW.
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Thermo Nicolet
La E ms e r is s
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Raman 960 Laser Enable
Raman 960 front panel Here is a brief description of the function of each of the controls and indicators. Power – This indicator lights when the spectrometer power is on. The spectrometer power switch is on the rear panel. White Light – This indicator lights when the white light source is turned on. Scan – This indicator blinks when the interferometer is scanning. It should blink whenever the spectrometer power is on. Laser Emission – This indicator lights when the excitation laser is turned on from the software. The laser is emitting radiation up to 2.5 W in the sample compartment and up to 4 W inside the spectrometer) when the indicator is on. Laser Enable – This keyswitch allows you to turn on the excitation laser power from the OMNIC® For Raman software. The key must be inserted into the keyswitch and in the vertical position to operate the laser.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
65
66
Protective housing
A protective housing covers all Raman instruments and accessories. This housing prevents exposure to the laser energy. During normal operation, leave all the covers in place. The sample compartment cover may be opened to change samples or sampling configurations. The detector access cover may be opened to add liquid nitrogen to instruments that contain germanium (Ge) or other cooled detectors.
Warning
The laser compartment cover and other protective housings should be removed only by qualified Thermo Nicolet service representatives. There are no controls inside the protective housing that require adjustment during normal operation of the instrument. If a protective cover appears damaged, turn off the system power, disable the laser and remove the key from the instrument. Always examine the protective cover for transport stresses after shipping. ▲
Warning
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified in your User’s Guide may result in hazardous visible and/or invisible radiation exposure. ▲
Thermo Nicolet
Protective plates Warning
Three protective plates are attached to the inside of the Almega sample compartment cover as shown in the following illustration. The protective plates prevent laser radiation from striking and damaging the cover. Do not remove or alter the protective plates. If a plate comes loose, it must be reattached in its original position; contact your local Thermo Nicolet office for assistance. ▲
Protective plate (inside cover)
Protective plates
Spectrometer Safety Guide
67
Safety interlocks
For further protection, all Raman spectrometers and accessories are equipped with an interlock system. This system includes redundant, nondefeatable switches and beam blockers. It allows the laser to remain powered on (leaving the laser on improves spectral quality and sampling times) while protecting you from exposure to hazardous, visible and/or invisible radiation.
Raman 960 sampling mode Power
Raman 960 viewing mode Power Laser Enable keyswitch
Laser Enable keyswitch
Laser
Laser
Redundant beam blockers
Redundant beam blockers
Sample compartment cover and remote interlock switches
Sample compartment cover and remote interlock switches
+12VDC Sample compartment
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Thermo Nicolet
+12VDC Sample compartment
Almega viewing mode
Almega sampling mode
Power
Power
Laser DC keyswitch
Laser 1
Laser DC keyswitch
Laser 2
Beam blockers
Laser 1
Microscope door, sample compartment cover and remote interlock switches
Laser 2 Beam blockers
+5VDC Sample compartment or microscope compartment
Microscope door, sample compartment cover and remote interlock switches
+5VDC Sample compartment or microscope compartment
Warning
If covers are opened, interlocks activate redundant beam blockers to prevent accidental exposure to laser radiation. Keep all magnets and strong magnetic fields (such as those produced by a mass spectrometer or various medical instruments) away from the interlock switches while the sample compartment cover or microscope compartment doors are open! Defeating the interlocks can result in exposure to dangerous levels of visible and/or invisible laser radiation. ▲
Warning
If the interlocks are not operating properly, turn off the system, disable the laser, remove the power cord and the laser enable key, and then contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support for assistance. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
69
Almega
Interlock switches are fitted into the sample compartment door and the microscope compartment door of the Almega. When a cover opens, the switches open and beam shutters prevent the laser beam from entering either the sample compartment or the microscope compartment.
Warning
Defeating the safety interlocks on the Almega can expose you to dangerous visible and/or invisible Class IIIb laser radiation at levels between 25 mW and 500 mW. Do not attempt to defeat the interlocks on the Almega sample compartment. If a sampling procedure, or some other circumstance, requires the microscope compartment interlocks to be defeated, an interlock defeat kit is available from Thermo Nicolet. When installed, this defeat kit holds the microscope compartment beam shutters in the open position. ▲
Safety Interlocks
Safety Interlocks
70
Thermo Nicolet
Raman 960
The switches are fitted to the sample compartment and main cover of the Raman 960. When a cover opens, the switches open and the beam blockers prevent the laser beam from entering the sample compartment. Defeating the safety interlocks can expose you to dangerous Nd:YVO4 laser radiation at levels between 200 mW and 5 W.
Safety interlock switches
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Raman 960
Spectrometer Safety Guide
71
Remote interface
The Raman 960 spectrometer is a Class II laser product. You may be required to install an external remote interlock to protect against exposure to the invisible Class IV accessible laser radiation. In compliance with the United States Code of Federal Regulations and international laser safety standards, the spectrometer can be connected to an external remote safety interlock system that you have designed. Such a system allows the excitation laser beam to be blocked in the event that a safety perimeter around the spectrometer is breached; for example, by an unauthorized person opening a laboratory door.
Note
The Fiber Optic Launcher for the Almega dispersive Raman spectrometer and the Nexus FT-Raman Module also are equipped with a remote interlock interface. See the Accessory Safety Guide that came with these accessories for information about those interfaces. ▲ To make use of this capability, you need to prepare a 9-pin CPC (circular plastic) or metal-shell circular plastic female connector that has strain relief. Install a switch across pins across pins 1 and 3 and across pins 2 and 4 of the connector.
72
Thermo Nicolet
The illustration that follows shows the pinout for the external interlock connector on the rear panel of the Raman 960 spectrometer.
1 2
3 6
4 5
Warning
To prevent personal injury, the connector and other components of the laser safety circuit must be designed and built by persons you have properly trained. ▲ When the connector is installed on the spectrometer, closing the switch will unblock the laser beam; opening the switch will block the beam. The switch needs to accommodate +12 VDC at 1 A while it is closed. Contact Thermo Nicolet Technical Support if you need help installing and testing a remote interlock system.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
73
To connect a remote interlock system to a Raman 960 spectrometer: 1. Loosen the strain relief until it spins freely and then remove the remote interlock override. Store the remote interlock override in a safe place. You cannot collect data unless the spectrometer is connected to a remote interlock system that enables the laser or the override is firmly in place.
74
Thermo Nicolet
2. Connect the cabling from the remote interlock system to the external interlock connector. 3. Verify that the safety interlocks are operating properly.
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The laser should shut off when your remote interlock system disables the laser. To determine whether the laser shuts off, monitor the laser power on the Bench tab in the Experiment Setup dialog box. It should read approximately 0 W when the laser is off.
Laser Enable
Spectrometer Safety Guide
75
76
Laser cooling fans
The Raman 960 excitation laser and electronics are air-cooled by two fans, one located in the spectrometer rear panel and one located in the bottom of the spectrometer. The lasers and spectrograph in the Almega are also air-cooled.
▲ Caution
To avoid overheating of the instrument, do not block the free flow of air into or out of the rear panel or the flow of air under the spectrometer. There should be at least 30 cm (12 in) of clearance behind the Almega spectrometer and 15 cm (6 in) of clearance behind the Raman 960 spectrometer. The Almega spectrometer also requires at least 50 cm (20 in) of clearance on each side. ▲
Thermo Nicolet
Corrosives, Solvents, and Purge Gas Many standard spectroscopy methods are based on the use of solvents. Sample materials dissolved in solvents can be measured using your spectrometer, but special precautions must be taken.
Purge gas Important
FT-IR and FT-NIR spectrometers contain precise optical components that may be damaged by corrosives, solvents, or a moist environment. Optical damage caused by failure to purge the spectrometer is not covered under your Thermo Nicolet warranty. ▲ If your FT-IR or FT-NIR spectrometer is not sealed and desiccated, you must add a source of dry air or nitrogen to purge the system of moisture. This requirement and other purge cautions are described on labels inside the spectrometer sample compartment. For best results the purge gas should be dried to a dew point of -70 degrees C (-94 degrees F) or below.
Danger
Never use a flammable gas to purge a spectrometer. Heat from the source or from laser absorption could ignite the gas. The purge gas must be free of moisture, oil and other reactive materials. Use dried air or nitrogen to purge the instrument. Other gasses, even inert gasses such as argon (AR), can damage the spectrometer. ▲
Spectrometer Safety Guide
77
Caustic or corrosive agents
Spectrometer components may be degraded by exposure to caustic or corrosive agents or their vapors. To maintain the spectrometer in safe working condition, do not use caustic agents. Damage to the spectrometer caused by the use of caustic agents is not covered by the Thermo Nicolet warranty.
Volatile solvents
If you use volatile solvents regularly, follow these guidelines. for FT-IR and FT-NIR spectrometers: •
Do not leave exposed solvent in the sample compartment for longer than necessary.
•
Work with the sample compartment cover open. For most infrared and near-infrared applications, it is not necessary to close the sample compartment cover.
•
Do not leave the solvents near the instrument.
•
If possible, purge the sample compartment.
•
Be sure that your work space is properly ventilated.
for FT- and dispersive Raman spectrometers: •
Use sealed sample holders.
•
Do not leave exposed solvent in the sample compartment for longer than necessary.
•
Do not leave the solvents near the instrument.
•
Be sure that your work space is properly ventilated.
These measures will help prolong the life of your instrument and will eliminate the possibility of spectral interference caused by volatile solvent vapors.
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Thermo Nicolet
Solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
Chlorinated solvents, perfluorochlorinated solvents, and other solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons are often used as sample solvents. The pyrolysis of these solvents by an infrared source or by excessive heating caused by laser absorption may produce hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), phosgene (COCl2), or other hazardous compounds. Materials such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid are highly corrosive and may cause accelerated corrosion of the metallic components in the spectrometer. This is particularly true in FT-IR and FT-NIR spectrometers, if the seal on the optical compartment is not properly maintained. Damage may be caused in any spectrometer, if the concentration level of corrosive gasses in the air is excessively high due to improper sampling techniques.
Warning
Materials such as hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and phosgene are highly toxic. If you regularly use solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons, be sure your work area is properly ventilated. ▲ Solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons should not be left in the sample compartment for an extended time. If your measurements require the sample compartment cover to be closed, the sample compartment in an FT-IR or FT-NIR spectrometer must be purged while the solvents are in use.
Spectrometer Safety Guide
79
.
80
Thermo Nicolet
Safety Labels The illustrations in this section show the locations of the safety labels attached to the spectrometer. In some of the illustrations, covers have been removed to show the label locations. Should any labels come loose or become unreadable, Thermo Nicolet will supply new ones. The Ordering Parts help book in Spectrometer Help Topics, or the parts list that came with your spectrometer, contains ordering information.
Almega
Front view Almega dispersive Raman
Spectrometer Safety Guide
81
OR
Front view Almega Dispersive Raman
82
Thermo Nicolet
or
Front view Almega dispersive Raman
Spectrometer Safety Guide
83
or
Side view Almega dispersive Raman
84
Thermo Nicolet
120 VAC Or
240 VAC
S/N 000000000
Rear view Almega dispersive Raman
Spectrometer Safety Guide
85
or
Rear view Almega Dispersive Raman
86
Thermo Nicolet
Avatar
CAUTION
Exposure to liquid nitrogen may cause skin burns. Hand and eye protection required.
Top view Avatar 370 with MCT detector
Top view Avatar 330/370
Spectrometer Safety Guide
87
DEKRA
geprüf te Sicher heit
LISTED
c R
N0291537110
LI
STED R
N0291537110
50 40 30 20 10
Power
Class 3R laser radiation when open. AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE.
Rear view Avatar 330/370
88
Thermo Nicolet
Inside view Avatar 330/370
Spectrometer Safety Guide
89
Nexus 470
CAUTION This unit contains precision optical components that may be damaged by a moist environment. Purge or sealed and desiccated option is required. Purge gas supplied to this unit should be dried to a dewpoint of -70˚C or below. Desiccant activity must be checked regularly and new desiccant added as required. Damage to internal optical or mechanical components caused by the introduction of moisture, other foreign matter, or failure to maintain desiccant may void the Nicolet warranty.
CAUTION WARNING
BURN HAZARD ! Exposure to liquid nitrogen may cause skin burns.
When chlorinated or fluorinated solvents are present, purge is required. Failure to purge could cause accelerated corrosion of optical components and void the Nicolet warranty.
Front view Nexus 470
90
Thermo Nicolet
Avoid long-term viewing of direct laser light. Class IIa Laser Product
CAUTION Laser light when open. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.
Front view Nexus 470
Spectrometer Safety Guide
91
CAUTION DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. 5 mW HeNe Laser CLASS IIIA LASER
WARNING WARNING
Burn Hazard! Heated surface may cause burns.
Burn Hazard! Heated surface may cause burns.
Inside view Nexus 470
92
Thermo Nicolet
N ex u s M o d e l W
470
Power Max
45W
DC Voltage
+5V / ±12V
Nexus Spectrometer Series
W
Nexus Model
470
Power Max
45W
DC Voltage
+5V / ±12V
Nexus Spectrometer Series
Rear view Nexus 470
Spectrometer Safety Guide
93
Nexus 670 and 870
CAUTION This unit contains precision optical components that may be damaged by a moist environment. Purge or sealed and desiccated option is required. Purge gas supplied to this unit should be dried to a dewpoint of -70˚C or below. Desiccant activity must be checked regularly and new desiccant added as required. Damage to internal optical or mechanical components caused by the introduction of moisture, other foreign matter, or failure to maintain desiccant may void the Nicolet warranty.
CAUTION WARNING
BURN HAZARD ! Exposure to liquid nitrogen may cause skin burns.
When chlorinated or fluorinated solvents are present, purge is required. Failure to purge could cause accelerated corrosion of optical components and void the Nicolet warranty.
Front view Nexus 670 and 870
94
Thermo Nicolet
Avoid long-term viewing of direct laser light. Class IIa Laser Product
CAUTION Laser light when open. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.
Front view Nexus 670 and 870
Spectrometer Safety Guide
95
CAUTION DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. 5 mW HeNe Laser CLASS IIIA LASER
WARNING
WARNING
Burn Hazard! Heated surface may cause burns.
Burn Hazard! Heated surface may cause burns.
Inside view Nexus 670 and 870
96
Thermo Nicolet
Rear view Nexus 670 and 870
Spectrometer Safety Guide
97
Raman 960
CAUTION Laser light when open. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.
CAUTION AVOID EXPOSURE. Laser light is emitted from this aperture.
D A N G E R Magnets may defeat interlocks, causing invisible laser radiation to enter the sample area when open. AVOID the use of magnets near the sample compartment.
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED LASER RADIATION.
(Label inside cover)
Side view Raman 960
98
Thermo Nicolet
DANGER Invisible laser radiation when open and interlock defeated. AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION WHEN OPEN - AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED INVISIBLE RADIATION
WARNING MANDATORY EYEWEAR Wear 810-1064 nm Laser Goggles
YAG Laser 1064 nm CLASS IV LASER PRODUCT
American DANGER Invisible laser radiation when open. AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
or
DANGER Invisible laser radiation when open. AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
International
Inside view Raman 960
Spectrometer Safety Guide
99
DANGER
DANGER Invisible laser radiation emitted from end of fiber optic cable. NEVER disconnect cable!
Invisible laser radiation when open and interlock defeated. AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
American DANGER Invisible laser radiation when open and interlock defeated. AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
or
DANGER Invisible laser radiation when open and interlock defeated. AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
International
Inside view Raman 960
100
Thermo Nicolet
WARNING MANDATORY EYEWEAR Wear 1064 nm Laser Goggles
10 an9 m a R
American
American
DANGER
DANGER
Invisible laser radiation when open.
Laser information label provided by manufacturer ATTENTION Do not destroy label. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel only. Damage to label will void the Nicolet warranty.
Placed on bench after system installation
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
or
Invisible laser radiation when open and interlock defeated. AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
or
DANGER
DANGER
Invisible laser radiation when open.
Invisible laser radiation when open and interlock defeated.
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
International
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION.
International
Front view Raman 960
Spectrometer Safety Guide
101
(Labels inside cover)
WARNING BURN HAZARD ! Exposure to liquid nitrogen may cause skin burns.
CAUTION
DANGER
Avoid caustic agents. May accelerate corrosion of optical components and void the Nicolet warranty.
RISK OF EXPLOSION Do not test flammable samples.
Front view Raman 960
102
Thermo Nicolet
International
American
DANGER
DANGER Laser light when open.
or
AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE.
Laser light when open. AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE.
0
n91
a Ram
American
CAUTION Laser light when open. AVOID EXPOSURE TO BEAM.
or
CAUTION
CAUTION
Laser light when open. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
LASER LIGHT WHEN OPEN DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. 5 mW HeNe Laser CLASS IIIA LASER
International
Inside view Raman 960 Spectrometer Safety Guide
103
International
American
DANGER
DANGER Laser light when open.
or
AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE.
Laser light when open. AVOID DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE.
0
n91
a Ram
American
CAUTION Laser light when open. AVOID EXPOSURE TO BEAM.
or
CAUTION
CAUTION
Laser light when open. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
LASER LIGHT WHEN OPEN DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. 5 mW HeNe Laser CLASS IIIA LASER
International
Inside view Raman 960 104
Thermo Nicolet
(on rear panel) W Power Max
360 W
Frequency Hz Range
50 - 60 Hz
AC Voltage A Current Max
WA R N I N G
120V
220V
3A
1.5A
Raman Spectrometer / Model 960 Thermo Nicolet Corporation
SHOCK HAZARD! To prevent electrical shock, do not remove cover. No customer serviceable parts inside. Refer to qualified service personnel. Warranty VOID if serial number label is removed.
Rear view Raman 960
Spectrometer Safety Guide
105
