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SOUTH ADELAIDE BASKETBALL CLUB - BASIC MOTION CONCEPTS INTRODUCTION The concepts within a basic fundamental motion-style offence and explained below, helps in developing players towards not only the SABC ABA Team and beyond, but is also consistent with SASI and State Representation requirements. This precise has been prepared to assist SABC coaches and whilst the material is not original, it has been gathered from a variety of creditable sources. It is consistent with the style of play taught at the AIS and is used by our National squads at all levels. Our offensive motion game includes all the fundamental offensive skills, such as backdoors, splits, pop-outs/flairs, post-ups, give-and-goes, cross screens, screen-and-rolls, dribble rub, dribble push, dribble screen or the variations that come from players being able to initiate and read situations. The philosophy of our motion game is based (as with any good offence) around the following six basic principles: 1. Player Spacing, Balance and Movement. 2. Ball Movement. 3. Dribble Penetration. 4. Screening – (Screening Pairs). 5. Making the right “read”, and 6. Role Identification - Shot Discipline. Half Court Positions – Descriptors used in understanding our floor position. At our junior levels of U10’s, U12’s and U14’s, Player Spacing – Player Balance – Player Movement are key development areas. Players learn to understand their floor spacing and maintaining position in relation to the movement of their team mates, the defensive reactions but more importantly, the ball and its movement. These factors key basic player options (regardless of age group) or “reads” of the offensive opportunities to score! At junior levels of U16’s and beyond, it is expected that Player Spacing – Player Balance – Player Movement is based around players understanding their floor spacing and maintaining position in relation to their role, e.g. Guards – Forwards – Centre. (1 & 2, 3 & 4, & 5) Our motion game requires guards to handle the ball, attack the basket, pass to designated shooters, and make good decisions. Forwards must set good screens, hit the perimeter jump shot, pass to moving targets, and maintain half court balance with proper spacing. The centre will play both the low post with his back to the basket and the high post, facing the basket where he has passing and shooting opportunities. This is called role identification. Some of this paper’s content focuses on screening and the use of screens. There is no reason why players as young as 11 years of age cannot be taught the concepts of spacing, timing and floor balance using simple pass and cut techniques, provided they have been taught to lead and square up to the basket properly. Hence at U10 level those aspects are critical to building a solid foundation upon which the development of players at SABC can progress. NB: A separate paper details a teaching progression to achieve proper screening skills.
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 1 of 8
As will be explained in more detail later, motion offence can be adapted to suit any composition of team and therefore can be run from a variety of different 'sets'. In our role as a coach in Junior Development, it is important that we develop all round skills for all players. Obviously in the long term, players must specialise and master specific skills. But it is quite likely that as our players progress to higher levels they will need to change positions. A current centre player may be faced with the prospect of playing the perimeter if he or she is selected in a state squad. We can assist our players by adopting approaches that will result in all round better players. One strategy to achieve this is to ensure that regardless of any other type of motion offence taught, players are taught the motion of five (5) out (e.g. no centres). In doing so all players are going to learn all positions. Big players will be taught to play from the perimeter facing the basket, and perimeter players will be taught to post up. Every player has to do all things. The result will be better skilled players and greater versatility for our teams. In addition, the five out concept reinforces the concepts of spacing, timing and floor balance and improves court awareness. This approach does not detract from the need to teach each player the basics of his/her position. Obviously a seven-foot centre must ultimately learn to play inside. But the 6'5" to 6’10” centre had better be able to play facing the basket to achieve any prominence beyond local competition. The outside approach is also a lot of fun for the players and they enjoy developing the skills of the various positions. It also serves to break from the monotony of playing one position all the time. PHILOSOPHY Motion Offence is not, as some people may perceive it, a free lance offence but rather an offence of reads and opportunities that is a reflection of each individual coach’s philosophy. If the offence is not correctly taught it can result in disorganised free-lance basketball. Therefore our players must be disciplined in the concepts of shot selection, spacing, balance, ball movement, player movement and most importantly reading the defence. Players must be instructed correctly and effectively to execute the essential components of the offence. The use of a “patterned” style motion concept through either the well documented ‘Flex’ offence, the ‘Shuffle’ offence or the myriad of other pattern style movement is suitable in teaching basic motion concepts. But motion doesn’t stop there. The offence is a grounding in ‘how to play the game’ as opposed to learning to play a position. Specialising in a position will develop as our players mature and will be influenced by their physical stature. Learning the motion offence will ensure that they have the skills required to play in a role that their size and quickness will determine. The motion offence is an ideal teaching vehicle for individual and team offensive movement and provides an excellent fundamental skill base for our players. It also teaches players to read the game and develop a sound knowledge of team concepts, but most importantly they love it!
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 2 of 8
RATIONALE FOR MOTION OFFENCE (a) Difficult To Defend The hardest aspects to defend in basketball are constant player and ball movement. Motion offence offers both of these characteristics. The toughest team offensive manoeuvre to defend is the screen. Motion offence combines constant screening and cutting both internally and on the perimeter. (b) Adaptability Motion offence can be used at any tempo. Motion offence can be used against all defences, man to man and zones, therefore the one offensive system enables you to attack all the time and lessens the amount of preparation involved in teaching different offences for different defences. It is also very easy to combine with transition/press offences and special plays can be incorporated. (c) Flexibility It is flexible in that you can use your players in many different ways. If in foul trouble you can substitute in your next best player not necessarily your next best point guard, off guard, forward etc. Because teaching motion offence involves instruction of individual offensive moves of all position; there is no need for role specialisation. Everyone learns to play all positions. (d) Enjoyable Players enjoy motion offence because it provides the opportunity to express themselves individually. Motion offence also creates a great teaching environment. (e) Individual Player Development Motion offence creates a positive state of mind for players. It teaches overall fundamental skills, the development of all playing roles and all individual offensive fundamentals. (f) Difficult To Scout Whilst offensive tendencies can be scouted, no movement can be predicted because there is no predetermined movement. Even you as a coach have no absolute certainty of what your players are going to do. You just know that they are going to play as a unit to provide good shot opportunities. FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF MOTION OFFENCE (a) Passing/Ball Movement Good passing decreases turnovers. Create a good passing attitude. Do not pass to a team-mate, pass away from the defence. Good passing creates a better shot for the recipient. (b) Player Movement Move with a purpose. When you pass, move, but never in the direction of your pass. (c) Screening/Cutting Both screener and cutter can be recipients of the ball. "Show a target". Think screening pairs. This requires players to work with a team mate to create opportunities. (d) Shot Selection An offence that is effective is determined by the quality of the shots that you are able to create. (e) Spacing/Balance 'Create good spacing'. (f) Concentration Think before you move (g) Role Identification Play within your capabilities
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 3 of 8
IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES OF MOTION OFFENCE (a) Read the Defence Take advantage of what the defence is giving you. 'Play' your man on offence. V-cut and screens are the basic movements. (b) No Predetermined Movement Screener must think before he moves. Think screening pairs. See how the defence reacts to a screen. Triple threat position - 'catch and face'. Be a threat and make the defence play honestly. Demand your 'space'. Good floor balance/space. Good shot selection. (c) Communication Call out screener’s name when going to screen and (if necessary) signal. Verbalise and visualise. (d) Develop Good Habits Refine and rehearse all individual and team concepts. BASIC CONCEPTS When you pass, MOVE, but do not follow your pass unless moving to set an on ball screen. Do not make two simultaneous cuts to the same area. Make use of all screening opportunities off the ball and move with a purpose. Call out the man's name for which you are screening. (Communication) When you receive the ball, face the basket (triple threat) and hold the ball for a count of two, unless you have a good scoring opportunity. Do not pass too quickly. (a) Ball If a screeners back is to you, hold the ball to see what develops. "Be patient". Do not reverse ball while a screen is taking place. (b) Spacing Perimeter players should be 4 - 5 metres apart (pass length). The ball should not go along the baseline unless a scoring opportunity is available. OFFENSIVE SETS/ALIGNMENTS Motion offence can be initiated from a variety of different sets, such as those set out below. Once the basics have been taught using '5 out', '4 out 1 in' or '3 out 2 in' formations, floor balance can be adapted to suit the make-up of your team.
5 Out
1–3–1
4 Out – 1 in
1–4
3 Out – 2 in Double Posts
1–2–2
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 4 of 8
OFFENSIVE SETS/ALIGNMENTS (Cont’d)
Double low Stack
Overload
TYPE OF CUTS Players need to be able to execute all of the cutting movements shown below and also to understand when each is appropriate. V cut lead Inside cut
The most basic moved used by a player in order to get free to receive a pass
The basic give & go movement
Back cut
Replace yourself
This is an essential movement to combat the defender who overplays the passing lane
A particularly useful movement 1. 2.
against a defender who sags too far from his opponent, or to prevent congesting the key area if other team-mates are involved in cutting and/or screening activity
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 5 of 8
This next series of diagrams illustrates the types of cutting movement available to a player when a team mate, instead of passing the ball, initiates an offensive play by use of a "dribble entry" from the point to the wing. Back cut
Deep cut
Back cut, button hook & seal
Shallow cut
Guard to forward Shallow cut
DRIBBLE PUSH In effect, any time a player dribbles towards a team-mate, we want that team-mate to vacate that position on the floor by executing one of these moves, and relocate to another position to maintain proper floor spacing.
Guard to Guard TYPES OF SCREENS Away screen
Down screen
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 6 of 8
Back screen Post to perimeter
Up Screen Perimeter to perimeter
Cross Screen
Familiarity with these types of screens is only the beginning. The effective use of screens is the area that much of your coaching time will be spent. USING SCREENS Screening Pairs The most critical element in learning motion offence is an understanding of how to set and use screens. Much of your time will be spent doing breakdown drills to teach this aspect that teaches players to 'play their man' or 'read the defence'. We will use the away screen as an example of the various options available to players in getting open off screens. However, before describing these options there are a couple of important points which should be made. a)
The screener should always set his defender up for the screen by taking two steps in the direction of his pass before moving to set the screen.
b)
The screener must come to a jump stop with a strong wide stance and ensure the screen is set at the proper angle. (i) Away screen - nose to ear of the defender (ii) Down screen - back to the ball (iii) Up and back screen - back to the basket (iv) Cross screen - back to the ball
c)
The cutter must always set his man up for the screen by executing a v-cut. Take four steps towards the basket before coming off the screen.
d)
Employ the rule 'one to the ball –one to the basket'. That is, if the cutter goes to the ball or flares, the screener goes to the basket. If the cutter goes to the basket the screener opens to the ball. Players must attempt to create two scoring opportunities off every screening situation.
Separate paper on screens to be published soon
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 7 of 8
TEACHING MOTION OFFENCE (5 OUT) As a SABC coach will need to decide at what level you’ll be working on the motion offence concepts with your group. It may be necessary to go right to the beginning and cover the section that deals only with five out pass and cut. Some may need to spend considerable introductory time on the screening techniques in the previous section, notwithstanding the need for everybody to regularly reinforce those techniques. Others may be ready to jump right into the offence and even introduce entry options. Teach the offence by the whole method first. Explain the principles outlined in previous sections. Reinforce every week. Then break down the offence and use 3 on 3 to teach the various screening techniques. This is most important factor in also teaching timing and how to read the defence. The concept of screening pairs - 'one to the ball, one to the basket' cannot be over emphasised, neither can countering switches. The basic rules for the offence, regardless of the alignment, can be summarised as follows: SIX BASIC RULES Rule Number One These basic rules are not absolutes, you must read the defence and judge for yourself. Rule Number Two On any downward pass (point to wing, wing to short corner) cut or screen away, unless setting an on-ball screen for screen/pick and roll. Rule Number Three On any outward pass (short corner to wing, wing to point) set back screens, cut and replace yourself, shallow or deep cut, clear-out. Rule Number Four On a dribble entry at a player, the player without the ball clears out/or scissors handoff with the dribbler, posts up, shallow cuts, or seeks a screen partner opposite. Rule Number Five On any pass to the post area, run three cutters in the same direction. Rule Number Six Remember Rule Number One. Have fun employing your motion concepts………………
Chas McCormick, SABC Junior Development Program Manager – Mob: 0413 302 284 Page No. 8 of 8
