Transcript
MOdCI BHT
Model T his ins t r uc t io nma n u a lh a sb e e nw ri tte n fo r the useof theOl ympusS ystemMi croscope yoursel fful l y fami l i ari ze d a ty o u re a dth e manualcareful l yi n orderto B HT . lt is r ec o mme n d eth with the useof the microscope,so that you can obtain optimum performancefrom it.
IMPORTANT Observe the following points carefully: I
Operation 1.
Always handle the microscope with the care it deserves,and avoid abrupt motions.
2.
A v o i d t h e u s e a n d m a i n t e n a n c eo f t h e m i c r o s c o p ei n d i r e c t s u n l i g h t , h i g h t e m p e r a t u r ea n d humidity, dust and vibration.
t n g for al teri ngthe tensi onof the coarseadj ustment 3 . O nly us e th e te n s i o na d j u s tme n ri k nobs . (D o n o t tw i s t th e tw o c o a rs ea d j ustmentknobsi n opposi tedi recti onssi mul taneousl y , a s t h i s w i l l c a u s ed a m a g e . )
I
4.
Make surethat the voltageselectorswitchon the baseplate is setto conformwith the local m ainsv o l ta g e .
5.
to preventel ectri cacci dents. M ak e it a p o i n t o f g ro u n d i n gth e mi c roscope
Maintenance 1.
on the Lens esm u s t a l w a y sb e k e p t c l e a n .C a reful l yw i pe off oi l or fi ngerpri ntsdeposi ted ether. or xyl ene, al cohol of g a u z e amount w i th a smal l m o i s te n e d lenss ur fa c ew s i th
2.
Do not u s e o rg a n i cs o l u ti o n sto w i p e the surfacesof vari ouscomponents.P l asti cparts, es pec ia l l ys,h o u l db e c l e a n e dw i th n e u traldetergent.
3.
e r r epai r.Onl y authori zedOl ympusservi cepersonnel l e e m i c ro s c o p fo Nev erdi s a s s e mbth s houldma k e re p a i rs .
4.
The microscope should be covered with the vinyl dust cover provided and stored in a place free from humidity and fungi. For extended storage it is recommended to keep objectives a n d e y e p i e c e si n d e s i c c a t o r s c, o n t a i n i n g d e s i c c a n t ss u c h a s s i l i c a g e l .
CONTENTS
I.
S T A N D A R DE O U I P M E N T
2
I I.
N OME N C L AT URE
3
III.
AS SE MB L Y
4
IV.
I D E N T I F I C A T I O NA N D F U N C T I O NO F V A R IOU S C OMP ON E N TS
6
V.
O P ER A T I O N
9
A.
Switchingon the Light Source VoltageAdjustmentand Light Intensity
B . Placementof a SpecimenSlide
la"""r classl
10
fStadl 11
C . ObservationTube D i s ta n c eA dj ustment 1 . In te rp u p i l l a ry 2. Diopter Adjustment 3. Light Path Selector
12
D . CondenserAdjustment 1. CondenserCentration F i e l dl r i s D i
m
Aperture lris Diaphragm
13
E . FocusingAdjustment 1. Tensionof CoarseAdjustment Knobsand r'* Useof RubberCap for Fine Adjustment Knob
ooir;.r;;;
Lever 2. Pre-Focusing 3. Adjustmentof StageBlock Height F.
Useof lmmersionObjectives
14
G. P h o to m i c ro g ra p h y VI.
OPT IC AL D AT A
VII. TROUBLESHOOTING
. .' . .
16 17
Model Component
B H T - 1 1 BHT-112BHT-312
Microscopestand
BHT-F
1
1
1
Line cord
UYCP
1
1
1
B i n o c u l atu r be
B H 2-8130
1
1
0
Trinoculartube
BH2-TR30
0
0
1
Ouintuplerevolvingnosepiece
BH2-5RE
1
1
1
Squaremechanicalstagewith right-hand low drive coaxialcontrols
BH2-SVR
1
1
1
BH2-CD
1
1
0
Swing-outcondenser BH2-SC
0
0
1
HalogenlamPholder
LS-20H
1
1
1
Halogenbulbs
6V20WHAL
2
2
2
1 each
0
0
0
1 each
1 each
Observationtubes
Abbe condenser Condensers
D A c h . 4 X , D A ch. 10X , D A ch. 40X , D A c h . 1 0 0 X (oi l ) Objectives
D P l a n4 X, D P l an10X , D P l an40X D P l a n1 0 0 X (oi l )
Eyepieces
W H K 1OX
2
2
2
Photoeyepiece
NFKS'3X
0
0
1
Filter
KB-4
1
1
1
lm m e rs i o no i l , b o ttl e d
1
1
1
Vinyl dust cover
1
1
1
Allen wrench
1
1
1
T h e M o d e l B H T c o n s i s t so f v a r i o u s c o m p o n e n t s a n d i n t e r c h a n g e a b l ea c c e s s o r i e as s s h o w n i n t h p h o t o b e l o w . A w i d e v a r i e t y o f c o m b i n a t i o n s s, t a n d a r do r o p t i o n a l , i s a v a i l a b l ea c c o r d i n gt o y o u requ i re ments.
Eyepiece
Observation tu
Microscope sta R e v o l v i n gn o s e p i e c e
H a l o g e nl a m
hold
The numbersindicatethe This picture illustratesthe sequentialprocedureof assembly. mountingcomponents' order of assemblyof variouscomponents. Removedust capsbefore glass surface' the Take care to keep all glasssurfacesclean,and avoid scratching NoTE:
on the next page' For numbers@ @ and @ pleasereferto explanationsin detail
NosePiece
%
Observationtube CirculardovetaiI mount
Specimen hold e r
Observationtube clampingscrew
Clamping scre\ns
I8..,,
CondenserclamPing screw
@
;r -
Condenser (The N-A- scale engraved on the condenser shou ld face the microscoPe front.)
Microscopestand
bulb Halogen 0 r-5l iri lamp Halogen holcier +l
--4--Ta- t-inercorO
@
To AC outlet
@ Mounting the stage 1) Loosen the stage clamping screw O Ov r o t a t i n g c o u n t e r c l o c k w i s e .( F i g . 1 ) 2) Insert the stage into the mounting dovet a i l o f t h e m i c r o s c o p es t a n d s l o w l y a n d l o c k w i t h c l a m p i n gs c r e w .
F i s .1 @ M o u n t i n g t h e r e v o l v i n gn o s e p i e c e 1 ) L - o o s e nt h e n o s e p i e c ec l a m p i n g s c r e w O . (Fig.2) 2 ) A l i g n i n g t h e n o s e p i e c ed o v e t a i l s l i d e t o t h e m o u n t i n gb l o c k @ , p u s hi n t h e n o s e p i e c es l o w l y a l l t h e w a y . NOTE:
Do not tilt or rock the nosepiece while inserting into the m o u n t i n qb l o c k .
Fig.2 @ M o u n t i n g t h e o b s e r v a t i o nt u b e 1 ) L o o s e nt h e c l a m p i n gk n o b e t u t t y . p u l l s p r i n g - l o a d e dc l a m p i n g k n o b O . T h i s w i l l c a u s et h e l o c a t i n gp i n @ t o w i t h d r a w . ( F i g . 3 ) l f t h e p i n d o e s n o t , l o o s e nt h e screw further until the pin withoraws. 2 ) W i t f r c l a m p i n gk n o b e p u l l e do u t , i n s e r t the circular dovetail of the observation tube into the ring dovetail. 3 ) T i g h t e n t h e c l a m p i n gk n o b .
Fig.3
Li ghtpath sel ectorkn
The knob can be operated i n 3 p o s i t i o n st o d e f l e c t t h light as desired.
Tensionadjustmentrl
Clockwiserotation increa c o a r s ea d j u s t m e n t t e n s i o n
& S t a g ec l a m P i n gs c r e w Loosenthe screwano t h e s t a g ec a n b e r o t a t e d .
Coarse adj ustmentkn
C o a r s ea d j u s t m range: 26m
C o n d e n s e rc e n t e r i n gk n o b s Y - a x i sl o w d r i v e c o n t r o l k n o b Y e x c u r s i o n r a n g e :5 0 m m
F i n e a d j u s t m e n tk n o b
S l i d i n gv o l t a g ec o n t r o l l e v e r Voltug" lowersas the leveris pulled toward the microscope front.
Diopteradjustment
_n
flng
C o n d e n s e rh e i g h t a d j u s t m e n tk n o b
P r e - f o c u s i n gl e v e r
I \,\.
<
F i e l d i r i sd i a P h r a g mr i n g indicates Arrow mark O +Q increasein diaPhragm diameter'
Line cord
Summary of Putting dre Microscope into Operation Model BHT A.
Match the voltageselectorswitch to local mainsvoltage (pageg).
B.
Switch on the light source(page9).
C.
Placea specimenslideon the mechanicalstage(page9).
D.
Coarsefocus with the 10X objective(page10. 13).
E.
Make interpupillarydistanceand diopter adjustments(page1l ).
F.
Adjust the condenserposition (page12).
G.
Swing in the desiredobjective.
H.
Adjust light intensity.
l.
F i n e fo c u s .
J.
Adjust apertureiris diaphragmand field iris diaphragm(page12).
Adjustment of lllumination System for Various objective Powers c) lo)
P
:l
C)
Objective m a g n iifc a ti o n
Achromatica p l a n a ti c condenser BH2.AAC
Swing-out condenser
Low power condenser
B H 2-S C
BH2-UL-C
C ompati bl e
C ompati bl e C o mp a ti b l e
S w i ngi n top l ens
*N.A . i s s o m e w h a lto w , b u t s ti l l c ompati bl ew i th a 100X obj ecti ve. (Cut off this pageat dotted line and put it on the wall nearthe microscopefor useasa reminder of microscopic procedure.)
oL:yMPus
-
A.
Switching on the Light Source
1 ) A s c e r t a i n t h a t t h e v o l t a g es e l e c t o rs w i t c h O is set to conform with the local mains voltase. (Fig. a) lf the switch is not correctlyset,adjust it by means of the Allen wrench provided or a screwdriver.
i
T
I
2 ) P l a c et h e s l i d i n g v o l t a g e c o n t r o l l e v e ro n t h e r i g h t s i d e o f t h e m i c r o s c o p eb a s e t o a p o s i tion closest to you (low voltage position).
Fig.4
Switch on the light source. (Fig. ) Voltage Adjustment and Light Intensity A s y o u p u s ht h e c o n t r o l l e v e r @ i n t h e d i r e c tion of the arrow in order to obtain increasing intensity (Fig. 5), the LED readout@ w i l l d i s p l a yt h e l a m p v o l t a g e . B.
P l a c e m e n to f a S p e c i m e n S l i d e
1) Rotate the coarse adjustment knobs O in the direction of the arrow to rack down the s t a g e s o t h a t a s p e c i m e ns l i d e c a n b e p l a c e d on the stage. (Fig. 6)
F i s .5 1 I '
)} ..J
N O T E : T h e r o t a t i o n o f t h e c o a r s ea n d f i n e adjustmentknobs in the direction of the arrow will rack down the stage. 2) Opening the spring-loadedfinger of the specimen holder with one hand, place a s p e c i m e ns l i d e i n s i d et h e h o l d e r . ( F i g . 7 ) When the slide comes in contact with the back of the specimen holder, slowly return t h e s p r i n g - l o a d e df i n g e r .
Fis.6
W A R N I N G : l f t h e s p r i n g - l o a d e df i n g e r i s returned quickly, it may cause d a m a g e t o t h e s p e c i m e ns l i d e .
Fig.7
" i 60/0.17" requi resa covergl assof 0.17mm thi ckness a A n Ol y mp u so b j e c ti v ee n g ra v e d and obj ecti ves) lf t h e n u me ri c aal p e rtu reo f th e obj ecti vei s 0.7 or hi gher(excepti mmersi on cover great extent if a power to deteriorates provided, the resolving no correctioncollar is glassthicknessdeviatesfrom the abovelistedvalue' of #1% . to a desi gnati on NOT E: In s o mec o u n tri e sa O.1 7mm covergl asscorresponds
o A c o v e rg l a s s(O.4 m mth i c k ) fo r b l ood counti ng,etc. can be usedw i th Ol ympusobj ecti ve ex c e p tD Pl a n4 0 X , S P l a nA p o 40X and S P l an 100X '
S p e c i m e ns l i d e s0 . 8 m m t o 1 . 5 m m t h i c k a r e r e c o m m e n d e df o r O l y m p u s o b j e c t i v e s .
I
o S p e c i m e ns l i d e s0 . 8 m m t o 1 . 2 m m t h i c k a r e recommended for the darkfield condenser and the differential interferencecontrast condenser. 3 ) B r i n g t h e p o r t i o n o f t h e s p e c i m e nf o r o b s e r vation into the light path by means of the low drive control knobs. (Fig. B) *
Tighten the stage clamping screw O in the microscoPe front.
r-----------.'l
I StageI tw o I T h e s p e c i m e nh o l d e rc a n a c c o mmodate s i mu l ta neousl y. s l i d e s s p e c i m e n s t a n d a rd to obtai n o T h e s p e c i m e nh o l d e ri s re m o v a bl e to hold surface stage unobstructed a large m m . x mm 8 5 5 5 u P to s p e c i me n s o To rotatethe stageloosenthe stageclamping s c re wO a n d h o l d i n gth i s s c re w,rotatethe s t a g ei n to th e d e s i re dd i re c i to n .(Fi g.9)
F i g .9
obj ecti ves. @ S ta g ec l i p sfo r u s ew i th i mme rs i on ( F i s .i 0 ) A p a i r o f s ta g ec l i p sa re o p ti o n al l yavai l abl e t o h o l d th e s p e c i m e no n th e s tage,el i mi natin g a s p e c i m e nd ra gc a u s e db y i mmersi onoi l between slide and stagesurface.T'he clips can be insertedinto the holes O provided o n th e s p e c i me nh o l d e r.
F i g .1 0
10
1 . I n t e r p u p i l l a r y D i s t a n c eA d j u s t m e n t 1 ) C l i c k t h e i 0 X o b j e c t i v ei n t o p o s i t i o n . 2 ) L o o k i n g t h r o u g h t h e e y e p i e c e sw i t h b o t h e y e s , a d j u s t t h e i n t e r p u p i l l a r yd i s t a n c eo f the binocular tube by adjusting the k n u r l e d d o v e t a i l s l i d e sO o f t h e r i g h t a n d l e f t e y e p i e c et u b e s w i t h b o t h h a n d s u n t i l perfect binocular vision is obtained. (Fig. 11)
2.
F i g .i 1
Diopter Adjustment 1) Look at the imagethrough the right eyepiece with your right eye and focus on the specimen with the fine adjustment knobs. 2) Next, look at the imagethrough the left e y e p i e c ew i t h y o u r l e f t e y e a n d r o t a t e t h e diopter adjustment ring O to focus on the specimen without using the coarse and fine adjustment knobs. (Fig. 12)
3.
F i s .1 2
Light Path Selection 1) The trinocular tube is provided with a l i g h t p a t h s e l e c t o rk n o b t o d i r e c t t h e l i g h t
o
to the observation tube and/or to the p h o t o t u b e i n 3 p o s i t i o n s .( F i g . 1 3 )
E \ ffilrF--s,* F i s .1 3
K nob P osi ti on P u s h e di n a l l t h e w a y
P u l l e do u t h a l f w a y
1 O 0 o /ion t o b i n o c u l a r t u b e
20% n t o b i n o c u l a rt u b e BO%on t o p h o t o t u b e
(v)
Amount of light
O Ob s e rv a ti o n Application
@ D a r ks p e c i m e n s
( c .v . )
P u l l e do u t a l l t h e w a y
(c)
l O O %i n t o p h o t o t u b e
O O b s e r v a t i o no f e x c e s - P h o t o m i c r o g r a p h yo f ^ s i v e l yb r i g h t s p e c i m e n sd a r k s p e c i m e n s € ) P h o t om i c r o g r a p h y( f o c u s i n gt h r o u g h t h e b i n o c ul a r t u b e )
T h e i n d i c a to rp l a te i s p rovi dedat the knob port to summari ze the usageof the ab ta b l e ;i t c a n b e c o n s u l te dbeforeoperati ngthe knob. V : Vi e w e r (w h i t el etter) C V: C a me ra& v i e w er(yel l ow -green l etters) C : C a m e ra(re dl e tter) T h e c o l o rso f th e l e tte rsc o rrespond w i th the col or bandson the knob shaft. 11
1. CondenserCentration 1) S t op d o w n th e f i e l d i ri s d i a p h ra g mw i th k nur l e d ri n g O b y ro ta ti n gi n th e d i rection of the arrow.(Fig'14) 2) Us e th e c o n d e n s e rh e i g h t a d j u s tment k nob @ to mo v e th e c o n d e n s eur P and down u n ti l a n i m a g e o f th e fi e l d di aphr ag m c a n b e s e e n c l e a rl y i n th e eyeoiec e s .T h e ro ta ti o no f th e k n o b i n the dir ec ti o n o f th e a rro w l o w e rsth e condenser. F i e l di r i s Fieldof view di a p h ra g m
Fi g. 14
ffi+o
coni m a g ei n t o t h e c e n t e r o f t h e f i e l d o f v i e w w i t h t h e t w o B r i n gt h e f i e l d i r i s d i a p h r a g m dens e rc e n te ri n gk n o b s@ . (F i g . 1 a) l f t h e p o l y g o n a li m a g eo f t h e i r i s 4)Widenthediameteroftheirisdiaphragmprogressive|y' the field diaphragmis centered. diaphragmbecomesinscribedinthefie|ditmeansthat ( F i g .15 ) Field lris DiaPhragm
bundl ei mpi ni ngon the speci o T he fi e l d i ri s d i a p h ra g mc o n tro tsthe di ameterof the ray fi erd di aphragmunti l i t i s sl i ghtl y m en s u rfa c ea n d th e re fo re ,b y s to ppi ngdow n the i magedefi w hi ch i n turn i ncreases lar g e rth a n th e fi e l d o f v i e w , i t c a n reducestrayl i ght, nit io n a n d c o n tra s t. A per t u rel ri s D i a Ph ra g m o
p e r f o r m a n c e ,t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e a p e r t u r e r r s rn order to achieve optimum objective aperture of the objective in use' lt is diaphragm should be matched to the numerical a p e rturediaphragmslightly more than ino f t e n p r e f e r a b l e ,h o w e v e r , t o s t o p d o w n t h e b e t t e r i m a g ec o n t r a s t , i n c r e a s e dd e p t h o f d i c a t e d b y t h e o b j e c t i v eN . A . T h i s w i l l r e s u l t i n focus and a flatter field. After completing focus adjustment, remove one of the eyepiecesfrom the observation tube and look into the empty eyepiece tube. As You stoP down the
O p e n i n go f t h e a p e r t u r e i r i s d i a p h r a g m ,t h e i m a g e o f t h e a p e r t u r ed i a P h r a g m iris diaphragm can be seen in the objecti v e p u p i l . A d j u s t t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e O b j e c t i v ee x i t P u P i l diaphragm to match the N'A. of the objective in use. lf the specimen is low in contrast, it is recommended to stop down F i g .1 6 (Fig' l o 7 0 % - 8 O %oof t h e o b j e c t i v e N . R ' 16)
12
1. Tension of Coarse Ad justment Knobs and Fine Adjustment. Although the tension of the coarseadjustment knobs has been already adjusted for o p t i m u m p e r f o r m a n c eb y t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r , i t i s p o s s i b l et o p e r s o n a l l ya d j u s t t h e t e n s i o n
o f t h e c o a r s ea d j u s t m e n t f o r e i t h e r h e a v y o r l i g h t m o v e m e n t d e p e n d i n go n t h e o p e r a t o r ' s preference by rotating the tension adjustF i g .1 7 m e n t r i n se . ( F i g . 1 7 ) T h e r i n g c a n b e r o t a t e d b y i n s e r t i n ga s c r e w d r i v e ri n t o o n e o f t h e h o l e s o n t h e p e r i p h e r y t h e r i n g . T h e c l o c k w i s e r o t a t i o n ( i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e a r r o w ) t i g h t e n s t h e c o a r s ea d j u m e n t k n o b s . D o n o t l o o s e n t h e r i n g t o o m u c h , b e c a u s et h e s t a g e m a y d r o p o r t h e f adjustment knobs may slip.
N O T E : D o n o t r o t a t e t h e r i g h t a n d l e f t c o a r s ea d j u s t m e n t k n o b s i n t h e o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i s i m u l t a n e o u s l y . l f t h e s t a g ed r o p s a n d t h e s p e c i m e ng o e s o u t o f f o c u s , t h e t e n s adjustment ring is too loose. Tighten the ring. Use of Rubber Cap for Fine Adjustment Knob
t: t -
Er I t----l
t\.. r
ll---ri---
|
l.:
l/
It---:
|
\ |
|
|
t
Attaching this cap over the fine adjustm k n o b i n c r e a s e st h e s e n s i t i v i t y o f t h e f i n e f o c ing motion. (The rubbercap is optionally av able.)
2. Pre-Focusing Lever T h i s l e v e r @ i s p r o v i d e d t o p r e v e n tp o s s i b l e c o n t a c t b e t w e e n s p e c i m e na n d o b j e c t i v e a s w e l l a s t o s i m p l i f y c o a r s ef o c u s i n g . ( F i g . 1 B ) The lever is locked after coarse focus has been accomplished. This prevents further u p w a r d t r a v e l o f t h e s t a g eb y m e a n so f t h e c o a r s ea d j u s t m e n tk n o b s , a n d a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o v i d e sa l i m i t i n g s t o p l f t h e s t a g ei s l o w e r e d a n d t h e n r a i s e da g a i n . T h e p r e - f o c u s i n gl e v e r
Fi s .1 8
does not restrictf ine focusing. 3. Adjustment of StageBlock Height l n a d d i t i o n t o t h e v e r t i c a lm o v e m e n t o f t h e stage by means of coarse and fine adjustm e n t s , t h e s t a g eb l o c k h e i g h t c a n b e c h a n g e d for observation of specimens'which are t h i c k e r t h a n s t a n d a r ds l i d e s ,e . g . c h a m b e r s , f l a s k s , e t c . w i t h m u c h l a r g e rt h i c k n e s s .
The stage block height can be adjusted by '19 l o o s e n i n gt h e s t a g e b l o c k l o c k i n g s c r e w O w i t h t h e A l l e n w r e n c h p r o v i d e d a n d r e t i g h t e n i n gi t a t t h e u p p e r p o s i t i o n . T h e n , d i s l o c a t e l o w e r l i m i t s t o p p i n b e n e a t h t h e s t a g eb l o c k i n t o a l o w e r t a p p e d h o l e . A f t e r l o w e r i n g s t a g eb l o c k , r e c l a m pt h e s t a g eb l o c k l o c k i n g s c r e w@ . ( F i g . 1 9 )
13
1 ) F o c u s t h e s p e c i m e nw i t h a l o w p o w e r o b j e c t i v e . the immersion 2 ) p u t a d r o p o f i m m e r s i o n o i l o n t h e s p e c i m e ns l i d e a n d t h e f r o n t l e n s o f objective. path, and focus 3 ) T u r n t h e r e v o l v i n g n o s e p i e c et o b r i n g t h e i m m e r s i o no b j e c t i v e i n t o t h e l i g h t with the fine adjustment knobs. or Abbe N O T E : O F o r i m m e r s i o n c o n d e n s e r ss u c h a s a n a c h r o m a t i c - a p l a n a t i cc o n d e n s e r p l a c e drop of a a n d s t a g e m e c h a n i c a l t h e f r o m c o n d e n s e r ,r e m o v e t h e s p e c i m e n p l a c e t h e s p e c i m e no n i m m e r s i o n o i l o n t h e f r o n t l e n s o f t h e c o n d e n s e r .T h e n , u n d e r s i d eo f w i t h t h e f i r m c o n t a c t t h e s t a g ea n d s l o w l y r a i s et h e c o n d e n s e ru n t i l t h e s P e c i m e ns l i d e i s m a d e . @ C a r e s h o u i d b e t a k e n t o p r e v e n t o i l b u b b l e sf r o m f o r m i n g i n t h e o i l f i l m b e t w e e n c o n d e n s e ra n d s p e c i m e ns l i d e . l f a n y , r e - a p p l yi m m e r s i o no i l , f o r t h e s eb u b b l e s g r e a t l y d e t e r i o r a t et h e l e n s p e r f o r m a n c e . @ After use carefully wipe off the immersion oil depositedon the lens surfaces w i t h g a u z e m o i s t e n e dw i t h x y l e n e . N e v e r l e a v eo i l o n t h e l e n ss u r f a c e sa f t e r u s e a s o i l r e m n a n t sw i l l s e r i o u s l y i m p a i r t h e p e r f o r m a n c eo f t h e l e n s s y s t e m .
G.
PhotomicrograPhY q u a l i f i e dt o b e T h e O l y m p u s p h o t o m i c r o g r a p h i cE q u i p m e n t M o d e l P M - 1 O A D i s u n i q u e l y u s e d w i t h t h e B H T m i c r o s c o p ef o r r o u t i n e a n d a d v a n c e dp h o t o m i c r o g r a p h y . A s e p a r a t e , d e t a i l e d i n s t r u c t i o n m a n u a l i s a v a i l a b l ef o r t h e P M - 1 O A D c a m e r a s y s t e m ' F o r q u i c k r e f e r e n c e ,h o w e v e r , y o u m a y w a n t t o r e f e r t o t h e f o l l o w i n g p o i n t e r s w h e n u s i n g the PM-104D-
1 . P h o t o g r a p h i cE Y e P i e c e U s e N F K p h o t o e y e p i e c e sf o r p h o t o m i c r o graPhY. I n s e r t t h e e y e p i e c ei n t o t h e e y e p i e c et u b e o f the photo tube. (Fig.20)
F i g .2 0 2 . M o u n t i n g t h e P h o t o g r a P h i cU n i t S l i p t h e b o d y o f t h e p h o t o g r a p h i cu n i t o v e r t h e photo tube. Align the dots on photo tube and t h e P M - i O A D b o d y a n d c l a m p t h e c a m e r au n i t to the photo tube. (Fig. 21)
3. Setting the Light Path Selector R e f e r t o s e c t i o n C . 3 . o n P a g e 11 .
Fis.21 14
Usethe field of view eyepieces for focusingon the film plane. Eachfield of vieweyepie hasa focusingfront lensand a reticlewith 4 frames,eachframe indicatingthe areacover by a specific power N F K photo eyepeice.(Fig. 22!-. The number at each frame indicatesthe magnificationof the photo eyepiece.The imagein the field of view eyepieceand the imageon the film planeare in focus at the same time. Severaltype field of view eyepiecesare available,accordingto the film sizeemployed. Fig.22 Field of view eyepiece 35WHKl OX 3 5 mm B ack Attachment camera
PWHKl OX
4X5WHK1OX
MHWH Kl OX
3T+"x 4Y+" P ol aroi d B ack
4" x5" S heetFi l m or P ol aroi dFi l m H ol der
1 6m m B o l e x camera 1 2 0R o l l F i l m Holder
1) Selectthe field of view eyepiecematchingthe cameraback in useand insertit into th right eyepiecetube of the trinoculartube, aligninglocatinggrooveand locatingpin.
2) While lookingthrough the field of view eyepiece,rotate the eyepiecefront lensin scre mount to focus on the double crosslinesin the field. For sharpfocusingwith objectiv 4X or lower, the focusingmagnifierFT is recommended.
3) Bring the specimendetail to be photographedwithin the frame corresponding to th power of the NFK eyepiecein useand focus on the specimenwith the microscopefin adjustmentknobs. Make sure the light path selectorknob on the observationtube either on the white (V) or yellowgreen(CV) band.
4) lt is recommendedto tighten the tension adjustmentring considerablyto preventth stagefrom droppingduring long exposures.
15
Objective
Magnification
N.A.
Eyepiece
10x
40x
100x*
0.10
o.25
0.65
1.25
o.20
7.03
7.4
o.27
o.17
4.58
1.91
34.23
17.5
4.67
1.75
1.34
o.52
o.26
3.36
1.34
o.52
o.27
40x
100x
400x
1000x
40x
100x
400x
1000x
171.6
27.45
3.0
o.7
171.6
27.45
3.0
o.7
5
2
0.5
o.2
5
0.5
o.2
4X 0.10
10x
40x
100x*
o.25
0.65
1.30
0.6
W . D .( m m )
18.2
7.2
Focal length (mm)
30.03
16.9
Resolving power (r) Total mag.
WHKlOX Focal (Field depth (p) number Field of 201
view (mm)
D PlanAch.
D Achromat
Type
3.36
4X
2
* lmmersionobjectives aperturediaphrag The resolvingPowerand focal depth areobtainedwith fully opened Technicalterms: o Wo rk i n gd i s ta n c e : o N u m e ri c aal p e rtu re :
The distancefrom the cover glassto the nearestpoint of the objective. a performancenumberwhich can be com The N.A. represents paredto the relativeaperture(f-number)of a cameralens.The N.A. valuescan be used for directly comparingthe resolvin powersof all typesof objectives.The largerthe N.A., the highe resolvingpower.
o Resolvingpower: o F o c a ld e p th :
pow e The resol vi ng smal l detai l s. T h e abi l i tyof a l ensto regi ster points. two separate to ability of a lensis measuredby its i The distancebetweenthe upperand lower limits of sharpness you th down stop As system. the imageformed by an optical aperture iris diaphragm,the focal depth becomeslarger.Th largerthe N.A. of an objectivethe shallowerthe focal depth
the diameterin mm of the imageo A number that represents the field diaphragmthat is formed by the lens in front of it o Field of view diameter: The actualsizeof the f ield of view in mm on the objectsurfac
o F i e l dn u m b e r : i.il
tii l1 r, ,l
16
pleaseconsultwith the from your microscope, lf you are unableto obtain full performance table below as pointersfor troubleshooting.
Phenomenon
Cause
Remedy
1. OpticalSystem a) W i th i l l u m i n a to rs w i tc h e d F i e l d i ri s di aphragmi s not on , th e fi e l d o f v i e w i s openedsufficiently. da rk . Condenser is lowered too much.
b) Field of view is cut off or i Ilu mi n a te di rre g u l a rl y .
Open diaphragm to proper diameter. Adjust condenser height.
Light path selector lever is p u l l edout to C posi ti on.
Push in lever up to CV or V posi ti on.
Light path selector lever is stoppedmidway.
C ti ck i t i nto proper posi ti on according to your purpose.
Nosepieceis not clicked into place.
until Slightlyrotatenosepiece i t cl i cksi nto pl ace.
Nosepiece is not correctly Insertnosepiece dovetailinto m o u nted. microscope frameall the way, then l ock. The power of objective used Choosea condenserto meet e x c e edsthe i l l umi nati onca- your purpose. pacity of condenser. Condenser is not centered. Centercondenser. F i e ldi ri sdi aphragm i sstopped Open diaphragm to proper down excessively. diameter. c ) Du s t o r d i rt i s v i s i b l e i n the f ield of view.
Dust, etc. on light exit lens. Removedust,etc. Dust on condensertop lens. Cleanfront lenses. Dirty specimen. Duston eyepiece.
d) Excessive imagecontrast.
Condenser is lowered too much.
Adjust condenser height.
Aperture iris diaphragm is stoppeddown excessively.
Open diaphragrnto proper diameter.
17
e) Res o l u ti o n Pro b l e m s : o lm a g ei s n o t s h a rP. o Insufficientcontrast. o lmage details lack definition.
dovetailinto Nosepiece is not correctlY InsertnosePiece all the waY, frame microscope m o u n ted. then lock. into Place. Objective is not correctlY Click nosePiece light positionedin the Path. is Rotatecorrectioncollar, keepcollar Objectivecorrection ing specimen in fine focus not adjusted. unti l oP ti mum resol uti oni s obtai ned. Dust on objectivefront lens' Cleanfront lens. oi l . lmmersion objective is not U sei mmersi on oi l . i mmersi on u s e dwi th B u b b l e si n i m m e r s i ooni l '
Remove bubbles (and reapplyoil).
lmmersionoil designatedbY Ol y m pusi s not used.
U se Ol ymP usi mmersi onoi l .
D i rty speci mens. Dust on condenserlens. dovetailinto lnsert nosePiece f ) F ie l d o f v i e w i s P a rti a l l Y Nosepiece is not correctlY all the waY, frame microscope out of focus, or image is mounted. then l ock. PartlYout of focus. until Objective is not correctlY SlightlyrotatenosePiece pl ace. i n i t cl i cks positionedin the light Path.
correctlY Specimen is not correctlY Placespecimenslide cliPs stage and on stage, Place positionedon stage. open it. dovetailinto nosePiece g) Specimenimageis Partial- Nosepiece is not correctlY Insert all the waY, frame microscope m o u nted. ly out of focus. l ock. then until Objective is not correctlY SlightlYrotatenosePiece i nto cl i cks P l ace. p o si ti onedi n the l i ght P ath. i t is not centered. Condenser h) Field of view becomes on l y s l i g h tl Yb ri g h te r b Y voltage. increasing Condenser is lowered too mu ch. 2. Electric System a) lll u m i n a to r i s to o b ri g h t (or too dark) even when adjustingcontrol lever. b) V o l ta g efo r i l l u mi n a to r cannot be raised.
Line voltage selectorswitch is not matched with local mainsvoltage.
Centercondenser.
height. Adjust condenser
Match selector switch to mainsvoltage.
c) Lampgoesoff and on.
Bul b f i l ament i s l i kel y to b u rn out.
R epl ace bul b.
Loose electric connections. Checkall connections. d) Bu l b b u rn so u t fre q u e n tl y . Line voltageselectorswitch is Match selector switch to not matchedwith localmains mainsvoltage. voltage. Bul b i s not standardone.
Usestandardbulb.
3. Coarseand Fine Adjustments a) Coarseadjustmentknob is to o ti g h t.
Tension adjustment ring is tightenedtoo much.
Loosenring properly.
User is trying to raise stage Unlock lever. above the focusinglimit imposed by the engagedprefocusinglever. b) Stage drops or specimen Tension adjustment ring is goes out of focus during too loose. observationdue to slipping fine adjustmentknobs.
Tightenring properly.
c) Stage cannot be raisedto th e u p p e rl i m i t.
Pre-focusinglever is engaged Unlock lever. in lower than focusingpositi on.
d) Stage cannot be lowered to the lower limit.
Stageis mountedtoo low.
Raisestagemount with Allen wrench.
e) Objective front lens hits Specimenis placed on stage Reversespecimen. specimen before coming upsidedown. into focus. 4. ObservationTubes a) In c o m p l e te b i n o c u l a r v i sion.
I nterpupillaryd istanceis not correctly adjusted.
Correctthe interpupillarydistance.
Diopter adjustmentis incom- Completethe diopter adjustplete. ment. Right and left eyepiecesare not matched.
Use a pair of matched eyepieces.
User is unaccustomedto bin ocul arvi si on.
P ri or to l ooki ng i nto the bi nocularobservation tube,look at a far away object.
5. Stage a) lmage easily goes out of focus when you touch the stage.
Stageis not correctly locked. Clampstagesecurely.
b) Specimen stops midway Specimenis not correctlypoon the east-westtraverse. s i ti oned.
Adjust specimenposition.
