Broadband Access

Transcript

® Programmable Solutions in Digital Modems Bringing Broadband Access to the Home File Number Here Agenda w Technology overview — Motivation for digital modems w Digital modem technologies — — — — Spartan-II FPGAs in satellite modems Spartan-II FPGAs in ISDN modems Spartan-II FPGAs in cable modems Spartan-II FPGAs in DSL modems w Digital modems evolves into the Residential gateway w Conclusions ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 2 Technology Overview So What is Broadband Access? w High speed connection to the Internet — — — — — Greater than 128Kbps Always on! Simultaneous up-Link and down-link communication Overcomes Internet frustrations Made possible by digital modems w Leading broadband access technologies — xDSL, cable, satellite, ISDN digital modems ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 4 Digital Modem Growth Drivers w Internet users are demanding more Bandwidth — Home networking – Internet services such as voice, video & data – Streaming video, web browsing, email, MP3 files, VoIP, digitized photographs, Video-on-Demand, online gaming – Multiple information appliances having Internet access – Online shopping using high resolution images — Telecommuters and day extenders – Connecting to corporate LAN through the Internet – Using Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology — Home businesses ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 5 Digital Modem Growth Drivers w Analog modems have hit the wall at 56 Kbps w Digital modems offer vastly greater bandwidth — Satellite: 400 Kbps to 38 Mbps — DSL: 1.5 Mbps to 52 Mbps — Cable: up to 10Mbps ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 6 Frustrated Maybe …. Average Download Times Connection Speed Web Page (30KBytes) 3 minute Music File (3MBytes) 30 second Video/Movie (50 MBytes) 28.8 kbps 9 seconds 15 minutes 4 hours 56 kbps 4.5 seconds 7.5 minutes 2 hours ISDN (144 kbps) 2 seconds 3 minutes 55 minutes DSL/Cable 1.5Mbps) <1 seconds 15 seconds 5 minutes ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 7 Digital Modems WW Unit Shipments 16000 Cable DSL 14000 High HighVolume! Volume! 14 14Million MillionUnits Units inin2001 2001 12000 K Units 10000 ISDN 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1995 Source: Dataquest 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year 2001 CAGR 39.2% ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 8 Impact on the Internet Household w Facilitation of work at home — Similar high-speed access as work w Potential to leverage voice — PBX service to the work-at-home population over broadband is a substantial value-add — Voice over DSL and cable w Impact of always-on and continuous connectivity w Benefits to new bandwidth-intensive applications / devices — Voice, video, data, music and multimedia w Lower prices / higher speeds ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 9 Satellite Modems Satellite Modem Overview w Use the same transponders used to deliver TV w Standards — DSS: Hughes Network Systems (HNS) proprietary — DVB (ETS 300-421): Open standards consortium — Primestar (ITU-R 217/11): Being phased out w Issues — Shared media — Unidirectional, return channel is via modem w Estimated $100M modem sales in 1999 ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 11 Data Broadcasting Download Satellite Operator PSTN Upload Home User World Wide Web www.xilinx.com ® Slide: 12 System Block Diagram w Key functional blocks System Glue Satellite Interface Host Interface CPU Flash — — — — Satellite interface CPU complex Host interface Application specific system glue w Application specific system glue is required for interconnecting ASSPs RAM ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 13 Satellite Interface Components Quadrature I Data from Tuner D To AGC A/D A/D QPSK/BPSK Demodulator Tuner Interface Viterbi Decoder Synch & De-Interfearer Reed-Solomon Decoder Descrambler Clock Data Processor Interface w Tuner — RF components packaged in shielded module w Decoder — Single ASSP — Processor interface – Eight bit microprocessor bus, serial, I2C, etc. ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 14 Satellite Interface ASSP Providers w Market is dominated by Conexant Systems and Broadcom Corporation w Both are single chip solutions — Demodulator — Forward error correction — Dual eight-bit A/D converters Supplier Components Processor Interface Standards Availability 2 I C, SPI Broadcom BCM4201 Universal Satellite Receiver DSS, DVB, Primestar Now Conexant HM1211 Demodulator serial, motel DVB, DSS Now ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 15 Host Interfaces w Popular interfaces for satellite modems — USB for external modem — PCI for add-in card w USB — Comes with all new PCs — Customer does not have to open PC w PCI — Lower cost, no case or power supply — Limits system interoperability – No PCI slots in iMac ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 16 Satellite Modem Design w HNS DirecPC®-USB receiver w The challenge — Add USB interface to satellite modem architecture — Leverage ASIC technology developed for PCI card w Spartan-II XC2S30 is used for system level glue, interfacing — — — — CPU Demodulator HNS ASIC USB controller ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 17 Higher Density Enables New Applications System Gates 0 1 $ Spartan-XL 40K 30K HDLC PCIMIPS 32-bit, Bridge 33-MHz PCI FIFOs UARTs PALs 1998 1999 Spartan-III 250K Spartan-II 100K Ethernet MAC Digital Modem Video Line Buffer Graphics Card ATM IMA Office Networking Reed Solomon Encoder Set-Top Box 64 Bit PCI Embedded µP Apps 2000 2001 ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 18 Satellite Modem Block Diagram ODU NET2800 USB Controller Tuner LSI Demodulator LNB Controller SRAM 64K x 32 Cable FIFO XC2S30 Boot PROM USB PCI Bus Channel HNS ASIC Interface IDT79R3041 RISC Processor A/D Bus Latch Address Bus * HNS Proprietary ASIC ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 19 Spartan-II Device Functions w Processor interface — Control registers, watchdog timer w Data buffer between HNS ASIC & demodulator w 32-bit CRC check for incoming packets w USB controller interface — Bus arbitration, FIFO control, DMA control w PCI target interface — Lets RISC chip take over host processor functions ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 20 Quadrature Data from Tuner I - Channel Q - Channel Input Input ADC Satellite Modems Clock Generator ADC QPSK/BPSK Demodulator Viterbi Decoder De-Interleaver RAM Synch & Reed-Solomon Descrambler De-Interleaver Decoder Data Tuner Interface RF In CPU RAM RAM System Interconnectivity I/O Decryption Clock MPEG Transport & A/V Video Encoder Flash MPEG A/V AUDIO VIDEO ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 21 ISDN Modems ISDN Overview PRI - Primary Rate ISDN 23 or 30 Bearer Channels @64kbps 1 Data Channel @64kbps BRI - Basic Rate ISDN 2 Bearer Channels @64kbps 1 Data Channel @16kbps ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 23 Understanding ISDN Equipment Terminal Equipment (TE1) - ISDN ready Terminal Equipment (TE2) - Non ISDN Terminal Adapter (TA) - Analog to ISDN Network Terminator (NT1) - Subscriber Line Isolation Network Terminator (NT2) - Network Switch (PBX) ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 24 ISDN Integrated Digital Services Network w High-speed, fully digital telephone service — Upgrades today's analog telephone network to a digital system w Can operate at speeds up to 144Kbps — 5 or more times faster than today's analog modems — Dramatic speed up of information transfer over the Internet or over a remote LAN connection – Rich media like graphics, audio, video or other applications w Widely available ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 25 ISDN w The Original Digital Service — Technology was defined in the mid-80s w Uses circuit switched technology to support — D (Delta) channels are used for signaling — Data is transported over 64 Kbps B (Bearer) channels — Channels may carry voice, packet data, video ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 26 Two Major Variants w BRI (Basic Rate Interface) — Targeted at home and small business users — Provides 2 B channels over a single twisted pair w PRI (Primary Rate Interface) — Targeted at larger corporate customers — Provides 23 B channels over T1 in North America — Provides 30 B channels over E1 in Europe ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 27 ISDN Model ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 28 Functional Groupings w TE2 (Terminal Equipment 2) — Non-ISDN equipment such as personal computers w TA (Terminal Adapter) — Interfaces non-ISDN equipment to the ISDN w TE1 (Terminal Equipment 1) — ISDN terminal equipment such as ISDN phones w NT1 (Network Termination Equipment, Layer 1) — Terminates the ISDN network connection at the physical layer w NT2 (Network Termination Equipment, Layer 2) — Terminates the ISDN network connection at the data link layer ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 29 Reference Points w R (Rate) Reference Point — Non-ISDN interface between non-ISDN user equipment and terminal adapter w S (System) Reference Point — Interface between Terminal Adapters (TA) or terminal and Network termination w T (Terminal) Reference Point — Interface between Network Termination (NT) equipment w U (User) Reference Point — Interface between customer and central office ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 30 U Reference Point w Connects subscriber to Central Office (CO) w Point to point connection with a 5.5 km maximum distance w 2 wire interface w 2B1Q line coding — 2B1Q in North America — 4B3T in Europe w Adaptive equalization, echo cancellation w Data is scrambled — Improve clock recovery & spectral characteristics ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 31 S/T Interface w Interconnects customer premises equipment (CPE) w Bus topology w 4 wire interface w 1 km maximum distance w Alternate Space Inversion (ASI) line coding ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 32 Proprietary TDM interfaces w Used to connect ISDN devices inside equipment w 4 to 7 wire interfaces — — — — Clock Data In Data Out Start of frame indicator w Several versions defined by ASSP vendors — CHI (Concentration Highway Interface): Lucent — IOM-2 (ISDN Oriented Modular Interface): Infineon, AMD — IDL (Inter-chip Digital Link): Motorola ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 33 ISDN In the Real World ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 34 External ISDN Modem w Includes processor for protocol processing w Optional POTS interface w System glue — Interface glue for ASSPs — ISDN TA functions ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 35 Internal ISDN Modem w Uses host for protocol processing w Voice features use host’s sound card w System glue — Host bus interface — ISDN TA functions ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 36 Always On ISDN w Provides continuous Internet connectivity w Forwards IP traffic over the D channel — 16 kbps bandwidth — X.25 encapsulation w Requires support from — ISP — Phone company — Hardware (modem/router) ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 37 IDSL w IDSL = ISDN Digital Subscriber Loop w Developed by Ascend w Uses ISDN transport — 2B+D - 144 kbps — Static connections, no signaling w Does not support ISDN voice calls — Requires VoIP instead ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 38 ASSP Providers Supplier Motorola AMD Lucent National Infineon Yamaha Asahi Kasei Device MC145572 MC145574 MC145575 MC145576 Am79C30A/32A T7234 T7256 T7237 T9000/T9001 T7250 TP3410 TP3420A PEB 2091 PEB 2086 PEB 8090 PEB 8191 YTD423 YTD421 AK520S Function U-Interface Transceiver S/T-Interface Transceiver Passive ISDN Terminal Adapter Single-Chip NT1 Digital Subscriber Controller Single-Chip NT1 Single-Chip NT1 with Microprocessor and TDM Interface U-Interface 2B1Q Transceiver ISDN Network Termination Node (NTN) Devices S/T-Interface with HDLC U-Interface Transceiver S/T Interface Device U-Interface Transceiver S/T Interface Device Single-Chip NT1 Single-Chip NT1 with Microprocessor and TDM Interface HDLC with Microprocessor Interface S/T Interface Device Single-Chip NT1 ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 39 Design Example: ISDN PCMCIA Modem w Design objectives — Lowest possible total product cost – Target < $30 for complete solution — Fastest time-to-market solution – Use available intellectual property as possible – PCMCIA core - Mobile Media Research, Xilinx Alliance Partner w Spartan/XC9500 support solution — Spartan FPGAs implement system glue functions & PCMCIA interface — XC9500 manages memory interface — Spartan/XC9500 very cost effective ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 40 ISDN PCMCIA Modem w PCMCIA - standard PC laptop interface — Implemented using IP core w Requires system glue — Motorola MC145572 U transceiver to PCMCIA interface w Memory control in CPLD ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 41 ISDN PCMCIA FPGA ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 42 ISDN PCMCIA FPGA Block Diagram ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 43 Spartan Functionality ASSP ISDN U–Interface Transceiver Host: PCMCIA CPU Manufacturer / Part Number Motorola MC145572 Spartan System Glue Functions Handshaking ASSP Interface IDL Data Multiplexing IDL Data Demultiplexing Xilinx PCMCIA Interface Functions XCS40XL-4VQ100C & Function Control Register Mobile Media Research Files (PCMCIA IP Core) Philips System Initialization 8051 Microcontroller Functions ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 44 Xilinx - The Super Glue of System Logic With Xilinx Host ASSPs RS - 232 Ethernet USB FireWire ISDN Interfaces Terminal Adapter Terminal Equipment Without Xilinx ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 45 ISDN Summary w Perfect match for use in ISDN modems — Faster Time-To-Market with programmable logic — Easily integrates system logic functions – Interface, control, decode, state machines, etc. — Extremely cost effective w Customer benefits using Xilinx in ISDN modems — Most efficient way to integrate standard ASSPs — Hits both price & performance targets — Speeds Time-To-Market (TTM) – Maximizes new product revenue – “Off-the-shelf” IP further accelerates TTM — Provides total IC / Software / IP solution ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 46 Cable Modems Cable Modem Overview ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 48 Cable w Internet access on the same cable that delivers regular CABLE (CABLE is short for cable TV (CATV) network) w Offered by cable companies w Subscriber uses a cable modem to access this broadband connection w Potential speeds up to 10Mbps — Number of users on the system affects speed ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 49 Cable Modems w Device that allows high-speed data access from a PC to the Internet via a cable TV (CATV) network w Modem in the true sense of the word — Modulates and demodulates signals — Delivers Internet data to the desktop at blazing speeds — It simply uses the increased bandwidth of the TV cable instead of an ordinary phone line w Can be part modem, part tuner, part encryption/decryption device, part bridge, part router, part NIC card, part SNMP agent, and part Ethernet hub ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 50 Cable Modems w They typically have two connections — One to the cable wall outlet and the other to a PC w Online access via cable modems provides PC users faster access to online information — Up to 1000 times faster than today’s fastest telephone modems — Cable modem speeds range from 500 Kbps (500,000 bits per second) to 10 Mbps (10 million bits per second) – In comparison V.90 56K modems top out at 56,000 bps ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 51 Cable Modem - Market Drivers w Increasing popularity of the Internet w Increasing demand for high speed access to Internet w Rapid entrance of AT&T into cable business w Increasing use of cable modem services by small businesses and SOHOs w Growth in telecommuting w Increasing availability of multimedia & interactive applications requiring high-bandwidth capabilities ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 52 Cable Modem - Market Drivers w Cable already passes by the majority of all households w Cable modems were the first to market and have the largest customer base w Increasing acceptance of DOCSIS standard w Increased deployment of hybrid fiber coax systems w Aggressive marketing of cable modem services stimulates demand ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 53 Cable Modem - Market Restraints w Limited availability of cable modem services to residential customers w Speed decrease due to shared nature of cable modem services w Relatively expensive cost of service w Expensive cost of equipment purchase and installation w Competition from ADSL services ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 54 Cable Modem - Market Restraints w Limited availability of cable modem services to businesses w Concerns over data security w Limited choices of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) due to fight over open access w Low upstream transmission speeds discourage the usage of cable modem services ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 55 What is a Cable Modem? w CABLE - short for cable TV (CATV) network w MODEM - MOdulator-DEModulator w Cable modem — Client device for providing 2 way communications (data, voice and video) over the ordinary cable TV network cables – Downstream - Data flowing from the CMTS to the cable modem – Upstream - Data flowing from the cable modem to the CMTS ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 56 How Do Cable Modems Work? w Connect the Cable Modem to the TV outlet for your cable TV w The cable TV operator connects a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) at their end (the Head-End) — The CMTS is a central device for connecting the cable TV network to a data network like the Internet CMTS (Head-End) Cable Modem Upstream Demodulator Upstream Modulator QPSK/16-QAM QPSK/16-QAM Downstream Modulator Downstream Demodulator 64-QAM/256-QAM 64-QAM/256-QAM ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 57 Cable Modem at the Subscriber Location Set-Top Box One-to-Two Splitter Cable Modem RF Tuner QPSK/QAM Modulator QAM Modulator MAC Data and Control Logic PC PC PC ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 58 DOCSIS Cable Modem SRAM 10/100 Ethernet SAW Tuner DOCSIS Transceiver PGA DOCSIS MAC LPF CPU & LAN Controller USB HPNA 2.0 RAM Flash w DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification — The dominating cable modem spec that defines the technical specs for both the cable modem and the CMTS w Architecture — Tuner, transceiver (modulator/demodulator), MAC, CPU, interface ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 59 OSI Layer Stack-up for DOCSIS Cable Modem OSI DOCSIS Higher Layers Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Applications DOCSIS Control TCP/UDP Messages IP IEEE 802.2 Upstream Downstream TDMA (min-slots) TDM (MPEG) QPSK/16-QAM 64/256-QAM Physical Layer ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 60 Inside a Cable Modem w Tuner — Connects directly to the CATV outlet — Converts TV channel to a fixed lower frequency (6-40 MHz) – Normally a tuner with build-in diplexer is used, to provide both upstream and downstream signals through the same tuner – Must be of sufficiently good quality to be able to receive the digitally modulated QAM signals – A new concept of a silicon tuner is in the works – “Tuner on a chip” – Expected to cut the cost down quite a bit compared to a more conventional tuner module — Companies – Sharp, Temic, Panasonic ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 61 Inside a Cable Modem w Demodulator — Performs analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, demodulation (QAM-64/256), Reed Solomon error correction and MPEG frame synchronization – In the receive direction, the interface signal feeds a demodulator — Companies – Broadcom, Conexant Systems, SGS Thomson, VLSI Technologies/Philips, LSI Logic, Fujitsu ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 62 Inside a Cable Modem w Burst modulator — Performs Reed Solomon encoding, modulation (QPSK/16QAM), frequency conversion, digital-to-analog conversion – In the transmit direction, a burst modulator feeds the tuner – The output signal is fed through a driver with variable output level, so the signal level can be adjusted to compensate for the unknown cable loss — Companies – Broadcom, Conexant Systems, Analog Devices, SGS Thomson w Combined demodulator and burst modulator chips are also available — The integration race drives more functions into a single chip ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 63 Inside a Cable Modem w MAC (Media Access Control) sub-layer in the network stack (runs on both the cable modem and head-end) — Extracts data from MPEG frames, filters data, protocol execution, times transmission of upstream bursts — Sits between the receive and transmit paths — Can be implemented in hardware or split between hardware and software — Assigns upstream frequency & data rate — Allocates time-slots (upstream bandwidth) — The MAC is complex compared to an Ethernet MAC — Requires CPU to handle MAC layer functions — Companies: Broadcom, Texas Instruments, Conexant ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 64 Inside a Cable Modem w Interface — Data passes through the MAC and goes into the computer interface of the cable modem — PCI bus, USB, Ethernet, HomePNA w CPU - microprocessor — Required for external cable modems w Single-chip cable modem are emerging — Combines the MAC, demodulator, burst modulator, CPU, Ethernet/HomePNA/PCI/USB interfaces — Additional parts such as memory, tuner, analog, power supply will not be within the single-chip cable modem ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 65 QAM & QPSK w QAM - Quadrature Amplitude Modulation — A method of modulating digital signals using both amplitude and phase coding w QPSK - Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying — A method of modulating digital signals using four phase states to code two digital bits per phase shift ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 66 Downstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer w Downstream — The signal received by the cable modem from the CMTS w Modulation — 64 QAM and 256 QAM w Bandwidth — 6 MHz (USA) & 8 MHz (EU) occupied spectrum that coexists with other signals in cable w Frequency — 42-850 MHz (USA) and 65-850 MHz (EU) ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 67 Downstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer w Data rates — 27-56 Mbps w Continuous stream of data with no implied framing, provides complete PHY and MAC decoupling w Downstream data is received by all cable modems — The total bandwidth is shared between all active cable modems on the system — Each cable modem filters out the data it needs from the stream of data ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 68 Upstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer w Upstream — Data flowing from the cable modem to the CMTS — It is always in bursts — Many modems can transmit on the same frequency w Modulation formats — QPSK (2 bits per symbol) and 16 QAM (4 bits per symbol) w Bandwidth per channel — 2 MHz for a 3 Mbps QPSK channel w Frequency — 5-65 MHz ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 69 Upstream Data Channel in Cable Modem Physical Layer w Data rates — 320 kbps to 10 Mbps w Transmit bursts of data in time slots (TDM) — Slots may be marked as reserved, contention or ranging w One downstream is normally paired with a number of upstream channels to achieve the balance in data bandwidths required ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 70 Standards & Technologies Many Different w 1st generation - proprietary systems w MCNS - Multimedia Cable Network System — Limited partnership by formed by Comcast, Cox, TCI, Time Warner, MediaOne, Rogers Cable and CableLabs w DOCSIS — Managed by CableLabs (certification program for vendors) w IEEE 802.14 w Products from different vendors must be interoperable — Helps to develop a mass market for cable modems ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 71 Summary w Cable modems provide high-speed Internet access w Always-on connection w Cable data networks provide privacy, security, data networking, Internet access and quality-of-service features ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 72 xDSL Modems DSL Overview Splitter (Voice & Data) 1.0Gps A - Rack of ADSL Line Cards B - Voice routed over PSTN C - Multiplexed Internet access ADSL Voice xDSL Modem (Internal or external) freq ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 74 ADSL Equipment w ADSL - employs existing Telco wiring w Digital Subscriber Local Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) located in CO w DSL employs adaptive digital modulation technologies to achieve increased data rates (1.5 Mbps - 8 Mbps) ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 75 DSL Market Trends w Typical telephone call lasts 3 minutes — Internet traffic lasts 3+ hours with no increased revenue w Increased traffic requires increased investment in switching equipment — DSL services enable local telco to generate revenue from investments in additional switching equipment w Competition from digital ISPs causing steep reduction in service costs — Digital ISPs include satellite & cable ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 76 DSL Market Trends w Minimizing cost structures imperative to offering price competitive solutions w Lowering DSLAM cost has greatest impact on total cost reduction — More channels provided than used — Line card is best target for cost reduction w Spartan-II FPGAs deliver — Low cost / gate — Feature set – Allows increased integration for lower total solution cost ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 77 DSL Technologies DSL Type Download Upload Distance (feet) ADSL (Asymmetrical) 0.5 - 8 Mbps 64 Kbps to 640 Kbps 12K to 18K ADSL G.lite 1 Mbps 128 Kbps 12K to 18K HDSL (High Bit Rate) 1.544 Mbps 1.544 Mbps 12K on 2 pairs HDSL (High Bit Rate) 2.048 Mbps 2.048 Mbps 12K on 3 pairs HDSL2 1.544 Mbps 1.544 Mbps 12K on 1 pair RADSL (Rate Adaptive) Variable to 12 Mbps Variable to 1 Mbps 18K to 25K SDSL (Symmetrical) 12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps 12 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps 11.5K to 22K VDSL (Very High Bit Rate) 25 Mbps to 50 Mbps 25 Mbps to 50 Mbps 3K ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 78 Generic DSL Line Card Processor DSL Channels DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s) HDLC Controller System Controller PCI SSTL-2/3 Translators Memory PLLs/ Clock Management Hot Swap Controllers PCI Backplane Interface GTL/GTL+ Transceivers High Performance Backplane ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 79 Spartan-II Feature Rich For DSL Solutions Delay Locked Loop (DLL) Block Memory Logic and Distributed RAM CL DLL 4Kx1 2Kx2 1Kx4 512x8 256x16 IOB DLL CL I/O Routing Ring I O B R CLB A M I O B R A M CLB ... I O B R A M CLB I O B ... CLB R A M ... I/O Routing Ring CL DLL True Dual-Port TM 4K bit RAM IOB ... Clock management Multiply clock Divide clock De-skew clock Configurable Logic Block (CLB) IOB IOB DLL CL Power Management Power-down mode Configuration & register state maintained Power-down status pin SelectI/OTM Technology Chip to Backplane PCI 33MHz 3.3V PCI 33MHz 5.0V PCI 66MHz 3.3V GTL, GTL+, AGP Chip to Memory HSTL-I, HSTL-III HSTL-IV SSTL3-I, SSTL3-II SSTL2-I, SSTL2-II CTT Chip to Chip LVTTL, LVCMOS ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 80 Spartan-II Clock Management Delay Locked Loops Lower Memory and Board Costs ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 81 Spartan-II Memory Solutions rnrneer r ns o C ooryry CoDessigigns m e MMem encee De eefefer renc R e e R FFr ree Block RAM Distributed RAM SDRAM SGRAM PB SRAM DDR SRAM ZBT SRAM QDR SRAM 4Kx1 2Kx2 1Kx4 512x8 256x16 16x1 External Memory Interface Large FIFOs Video Line Buffers Cache Tag Memory DSP Coefficients Small FIFOs 200 MHz Memory Continuum - Transparent Bandwidth 1998 1999 2000 ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 82 Spartan-II Block RAM w True Dual-port Static RAM - 4K bits — Independently configurable port data width – 4K x 1; 2K x 2; 1K x 4; 512 x 8; 256 x 16 — Fast synchronous read and write – 2.5-ns clock-to-output with 1-ns input address/data setup R R W Port A Spartan-II True Dual-Port Block RAM Port B W W W R R Data Flow Spartan-II A to B Yes B to A Yes A to A Yes B to B Yes ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 83 Memory Corner w Collaboration between Xilinx and major memory vendors to provide comprehensive web-based memory solutions – Free reference designs (VHDL/Verilog) – SRAM, DRAM & embedded FPGA memory solutions – Data sheets, app notes, tutorials, FAQs, design guidelines rsrs e f f e O eerr Offignss n r o n royryCCorce DDeessign o m MMeem efeererennce R ef FFrereee R ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 84 Spartan-II - System Integration ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 85 Generic DSL Line Card DS3134 Processor CN8478 $10 - $120 DSL Channels DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s) $16 - $65 Bt8471/2 PSB2110 MPC107 PM7380 GT64130 HDLC Controller System Controller PCI PLLs/ Clock Management $3 Hot Swap Controllers SSTL-2/3 Translators $4 Memory PCI9610 PCI Backplane Interface PCI9054 S5933 S5920 GT64115 $3 $12 - $25 GTL/GTL+ Transceivers $6 High Performance Backplane ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 86 Generic DSL Line Card Logic and Interface Savings By Using Spartan-II FPGAs Processor XC2S100 $9.95 DSL Channels DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s) HDLC Controller System Controller PCI SSTL-2/3 Translators Memory PLLs/ Clock Management Hot Swap Controllers XC2S100 $9.95 PCI Backplane Interface GTL/GTL+ Transceivers High Performance Backplane ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 87 Spartan-II IP Solutions for HDLC Controllers w Spartan-II + HDLC Controller IP = Programmable HDLC Controller Solution w AllianceCORE partners — Memec Design Services – Single channel XF-HDLC controller core — CoreEl Microsystems – PPP8 HDLC (CC318f) controller core w The two IP solutions are crafted to cater to different applications ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 88 Spartan-II IP Solutions for HDLC Controllers AllianceCORE Partners Memec Design Services CoreEl Microsystems Products/Cores Specification Standard Address Recognition Data Rate CRC/FCS FIFO customization DMA customization Multiple HDLC Scaling Synchronous Single Channel XF-HDLC Controller International ISO/IEC3309 N.A. DC to 53Mbps (STS-1) 16- & 32- Bit Yes Yes Yes Full Features full duplex operation allowed CC318f - PPP8 HDLC RFC1619 PPP over SONET N.A. N.A. 16- & 32- Bit N.A. N.A. Yes N.A. supports programmable address, control, protocol fields; supports 8bit pkt & framer interface; error detection statistics ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 89 Memec Design Services Single-Channel XF-HDLC Controller Block Diagram ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 90 CoreEL MicroSystems CC318f HDLC Controller (Transmitter) Block Diagram ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 91 CoreEL MicroSystems CC318f HDLC Controller (Receiver) Block Diagram ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 92 The Spartan-II Competitive Advantage: Data Rate/Throughput w HDLC controller solution data throughput — Spartan-II – 53Mbps — Typical HDLC controller ASSP data throughput – ~ 2.5 - 8.192Mbps w HDLC controller solution CRC — Spartan-II – 16-bit and 32-bit provided — Typical HDLC controller ASSP – No flexibility ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 93 The Spartan-II Competitive Advantage: 100k Unit Cost w Typical HDLC controller ASSP — ~$4.56 (1 channel) — ~$60 - $120 (multi channel) w Spartan-II HDLC controller solution — ~$3.95 (1 channel) — ~$10 (multi channel) The Spartan-II Solution has a Clear Competitive Advantage over Stand-alone ASSPs ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 94 Relative Component Cost 1 0.5 0.1 A Successful Programmable Solution External PLD 7K Gates External DLLs, memories, Controllers and translators PCI ASSP PCI Master and Slave I/F Spartan-II FPGAs Lower Overall System Cost XC2S30-5 PQ208 15K Gates Logic PCI Master I/F Standard Chip Solution <$6 <$6 Solution www.xilinx.com ® Slide: 95 Programmable ASSP - Value w Time to market w Flexibility w Field upgradability w Address lower volume strategic applications w Distribution and inventory management Spartan-II + Soft IP = Programmable ASSP ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 96 Conclusions on Digital Modems w Demand for greater Internet bandwidth is driving the need for digital modem solutions — Satellite, ISDN, cable, xDSL w Fierce competition spawns wide range of ASSPs w ASSPs require system glue logic w Spartan-II FPGA provides higher densities, increased features and maximum flexibility at low costs w Spartan-II + Soft IP = Programmable ASSP ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 97 The Digital Modem Evolves Into The Residential Gateways Home Networking using a Digital Modem New Dimensions to Home Internet Access w Internet revolution — New ways to communicate, entertain & educate — Millions of users rushing to Gain Internet access w Applications & services are fueling demand for high-speed Internet access — E-mail, instant messaging, shopping, games, research w Home users are embracing a variety of new services — Broadband access will evolve to bring new dimensions to the Internet experience ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 99 Convergence Is Happening! w Invisible computing embedded within everyday devices — Increasing intelligence of everyday appliances w Digital revolution — Infrastructure: Circuit-switched to IP-based networks — Analog TV to Digital TV w Internet is ubiquitous — Being deployed within commercial channels – Business-to-Business commerce, secure transaction processing, banking w Deregulation of global infrastructure — Multiple industries such as telecom, cable and utilities ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 100 The Push for Home Networking w Rapid growth in multiple-PC household penetration — PC penetration exceeds 50% in US households — Multi-PC/household growth (U.S.): 15M (1998) to 26M(2003) * w Increasing Internet usage — Internet usage growth (U.S.): 20% (1997) to 47% (2001) ** w Demand for Broadband — Broadband penetration growth (U.S.): less than 1M (1998) to more than 15M (2002) *** w Info-appliance Invasion — Increased Sharing of digital content inside the home * - Dataquest, ** - Yankee Group, *** - Forrester Research ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 101 History Repeats Itself Again... w Television — There was a time when one television set per home was considered a luxury — Today 76% of US households have two or more television sets — Three factors contributed to multiple TV ownership – Purchase of newer/bigger/ better television – Additional television to reduce conflicts over TV use – Television in bedroom / kitchen — Replace the word “TV” with “PC” and history repeats itself again! ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 102 Worldwide Home Network & Residential Gateway Forecast Source: Cahners In-Stat Group ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 103 Residential Gateway The Key Ingredient For Home Networking w RGs provide integration of different broadband access types & different home networking solutions — Broadband access – ISDN, satellite, xDSL & cable modems — Home networking solutions – No new wires – HomePNA, HomePlug – Wireless – Bluetooth, HomeRF, wireless LANs (IEEE802.11 & HiperLAN2) – New wires – Ethernet, IEEE 1394 ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 104 Four Aspects to Home Networking ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 105 Market Requirements and Solutions Available Market Requirements Solutions Available Broadband Access High Speed Access for Data, Voice and Video, Always on, Simultaneous Up-link &Down-link Communication, Support Simultaneous and MultiUser Access xDSL, Cable, Powerline, Satellite, Mobile/Wireless Residential Gateway Provides Access into the Home, Remote Management Access Platform, Bridging between Different Networks, Firewall and Security, EServices Capabilities Open System Gateway initiative (OSGI), Jini, UPnP, HAVi, DVI Home Networking Technologies Low Cost, Speed, Mobility, Quality of Service, Security, Reliability, Ubiquity, Ease of Use No new wires (Phonelines, Powerlines), New wires (Ethernet, 1394, USB2.0, Optic Fiber), Wireless (HomeRF, Bluetooth, Wireless LAN) Information Application Networks Digital electronics with advanced computational capabilities that add more value and convenience when networked Digital TV, HDTV, set-top box, internet screen phones, digital VCR, gaming consoles, MP3 players, cordless phones, security systems, utility meters, PCs, web pads & terminals, PDAs, digital cameras, auto PCs etc. ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 106 RGs - An Integral Part of Broadband Access & Home Networking Wide Area Network ATM SONET Broadband Access Network ADSL Cable Satellite WDM Fixed Wireless IP Switching Residential Gateway Powerline Television Home Networking Technology (HPNA, RF, Powerline, Firewire, Ethernet) Source: Cahners In-Stat ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 107 Broadband Based or Digital Modems RGs w Broadband termination device that has incorporated the necessary routing functions within one device w ADSL or cable termination device with routing capabilities w Digital modem that has evolved to incorporate the necessary functionality to be a RG w Gateway is sold in conjunction with DSL services — Can be partially or completely subsidized — Consumer installs the gateway – The service provider saves the cost of a truck roll w Not dependent upon a PC ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 108 Broadband Centric or Digital Modems RGs w Built to support one specific home networking technology — HomePNA, Ethernet, USB or wireless — Future technology advancements require buying another gateway & reconfiguration of the home network w Examples — 2Wire Inc. - Product: HomePortal – Provides support for both HomePNA & HomeRF solutions – Platform for PC networking, communications convergence & distributed entertainment content – Remotely manageable — Cayman ADSL 3220H router/RG — Cisco uBR924 Cable router/RG ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 109 RG - An Incremental Deployment From Digital Modems to Residential Gateway ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 110 Home Networking is Here! ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 111 First Generation RGs w Not IP based devices & have low bandwidth w Types — Digital set-top box RGs – Broadcast TV into the home — Utility-centric RGs – Enable automated meter reading (AMR), energy optimization, home automation, management & monitoring — PCs — Gaming consoles ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 112 Second Generation RGs w Devices that bridge one WAN pipe to one LAN connection w Configurations include — Digital modems connected to a PC — Or, stand alone devices with the intelligence to handle all of these functions without the aid of a PC w Conduct majority of routing functions & IP address mgmt w Broadband access termination devices with integrated LAN hubbing routing functionality — Example: Cayman’s ADSL 3220H router/RG — Example: General Instruments-Motorola’s DCT 5000+ Advanced Interactive Digital Consumer Terminal ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 113 Second Generation RGs w PC-based architecture RG — Example: Ericsson’s E-Box w Set-top box RG — Has the necessary home routing functionality — Example: Next level Communications N3 RG w Smart phones — Example: Global Converging Technologies or Home Wireless Networks, Cisco, Alcatel, Nokia, Nortel, Ericsson w Targeted by service providers & equipment OEMs for wide scale deployment as RGs in the next 2-3 years ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 114 Third Generation w Multi-service home gateways w Have capabilities to terminate — Multiple types of WAN connections (wireless, DSL, cable) — Multiple LAN connections (Ethernet, RF, HPNA, powerline) w More expensive given the high degree of modularity w Will be owned by the consumer — Service providers do not inherently share CPE equipment — Unless channel & pricing model changes this is not realistic w Example — Sharegate’s RG ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 115 Third Generation w These devices do not exist today but will evolve based on products available today w Features — Modular in design — Multiple WAN termination of media types such as wireless, xDSL or cable supported — Multiple LAN/home networking technologies supported – Less apt to becoming obsolete with future technology changes — Deliver telephony/voice services — Easier to set up — Remote management is possible ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 116 Possibilities Within The Gateway w Different combinations are available to suit different particular home networking needs — Depends on broadband access technologies – xDSL, cable, ISDN, satellite, mobile/cellular phones, analog phonelines — Depends on in-home network technologies – Phoneline, powerline, Ethernet, IEEE-1394/Firewire, HomeRF, Bluetooth, wireless LANs (IEEE-802.11 & HiperLAN2) ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 117 Xilinx Envisioned Gateway Model w Single “small” box w Allow secure access w Enable high-speed, two-way Internet, voice & video communication — Distribution of broadband services within the house/small office — Seamless connection & simultaneous operational capabilities — From any Internet-accessible remote location via any standard Web browser w Firewall security protection w Affordable price points w Minimize truck rolls w Multiple digital phone (VoDSL) lines — Management software for remote provisioning, service management, diagnostics, software upgrades — Separate telephone & data lines ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 118 Quadrature Data from Tuner I - Channel Q - Channel Input Input ADC Satellite Modems Clock Generator ADC QPSK/BPSK Demodulator Viterbi Decoder De-Interleaver RAM Reed-Solomon Synch & Descrambler Decoder De-Interleaver Data Tuner Interface RF In CPU RAM RAM System Interconnectivity I/O Decryption Clock MPEG Transport & A/V Video Encoder VIDEO www.xilinx.com Slide: 119 Flash MPEG A/V AUDIO ® ISDN Modems ISDN “U” or “S” Interface I/O Control HomePNA MAC PCMCIA Interface UART CPU FLASH Adapter/ SDRAM Interface RS-XXX Interface FLASH Memory DRAM HomePNA PHY ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 120 Cable Modem Residential Gateway Analog Front End (AFE) HomePNA Analog IF/AGC In Tuner FEC Memory ADC FEC Decoder Decryption Conditional Access 8-/16-/32- bit Microcontroller Cable MAC/SAR QPSK/16QAM Modulator UART FEC Encoder Encryption IP Security Module (DES & Triple-DES) RJ-45 USB Transceiver UTP DMA Interrupt Controller & Central Arbiter DMA Clock Generator & DLLs Power Supply 10/100 Base-TX Transceiver USB Device Controller QAM Demodulator DAC MII Interface SAW 10/100 Base-TX Ethernet MAC Flash Controller Flash SDRAM Controller SDRAM SDRAM Controller SRAM IP Telephony Direct TDM CODEC Interface 4 voice channels or 1 video & 1 voice channel ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 121 ADSL Broadcast Solution Satellite, cable or terrestrial Descrambler Broadcast Translator PC Scrambler IP Router & ATM Switch VoD Server & Software DSLAM POTS Splitter ADSL Modem CPE Set-top box, hard disk & TV Telephone Internet Proxy Smart Card ADSL Central Office Home ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 122 DSL Modem Home Gateway HomePNA MII 10/100 Base-TX Transceiver 10/100 BaseTX Ethernet MAC 8 MHz Oscillator DRAM UTOPIA or ISA Clock Generator & DLLs Expansion Bus Interface DRAM Controller 32-bit Processor Network Interface Block PCI Bus Interface 8 KB Internal SRAM UTOPIA I/F or ATM DSL Driver/ Receiver Chipset Hasher List Manager PCI ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 123 DSL CPE (Customer Premise Equipment ) Digital Signal Processor To line & POTS splitter Analog Front End Line Driver/ Receiver Line Driver, Receiver & Amplifiers Memory DSL Transceiver A-to-D & D-to-A Converters, Filters, Amplifiers Equalizer, ReedSolomon FEC Encoder/Decoder, Interleaver, Modulator, Demodulator, Packet Format Logic System Controller HDLC Framer Interface HomePNA PCI Backplane Interface Clock Generator & DLLs 10/100 Base-TX Ethernet MAC USB Device Controller USB Transceiver Analog Front End (AFE) 10/100 Base-TX Transceiver MII RJ-45 UTP ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 124 Summary w Spartan-II FPGAs are ideal solutions for digital modems w Digital modems will evolve into the next generation residential gateways to network your home — The digital revolution and the Internet are forcing broadband access to the home — Home networking will cause bridging the technology islands in the home today — This gateway evolution could be part of a PC or set-top box w In the chaotic home networking market Spartan-II FPGAs will become the heart of the system — Reprogrammability allows time-to-market ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 125 Extra V.90/56K Modems - Analog Phonelines Broadband Access in Hotel Rooms V.90 Modem - Analog Phonelines w Modem designed to operate with dial-up telephone lines worldwide — Supports high-speed analog data, high speed fax & audio/voice operation w Integrated modem is host controlled — Reduces chip count since there is no need for a separate microcontroller ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 127 V.90 Modem - Analog Phonelines w Data speeds up to 56Kbps from a digitally connected central site modem - V.90 enabled — Taking advantage of the PSTN which is primarily digital except for the client modem to CO local loop – Modem is ideal for remote access applications such as ISP, online service, or corporate site w Data can be sent upstream at speeds up to 33.6Kbps — As a V.34 data modem, the modem operates at line speeds up to 33.6Kbps — Provides error correction — Provides data compression – Maximizes data transfer integrity & boost average data throughput to 115.2Kbps ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 128 Analog Modems Analog Phone DAA (Data Access Arrangement) Modem AFE (Analog Front End ) Bus Interface CPU DSP ROM RS-232, Ethernet, USB, PCI, PCMCIA, etc. RAM ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 129 Broadband Access in Hotel Rooms w Business travelers are driving the demand for broadband in hotels — They are frustrated by slow dial-up Internet connections while on the road w A New class of service providers (SPs) are focusing on rolling out broadband to hotels by establishing mini points of presence (Mini-POPs) in the buildings — Mini-POPs are smaller scale versions of the aggregation devices that sit in the telecom provider's central office — SPs are targeting large chains first so that they can win the rights to wire hundreds of buildings per contract ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 130 Broadband Access in Hotel Rooms w Fees for hotel room broadband service will vary — Some chains will use a per night charge — Others will charge by the minute — Some will employ a flat rate per stay w Many hotels are also planning to deploy broadband in conference rooms — This allows SPs to peddle value added services such as virtual private networking (VPN) and e-commerce ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 131 Broadband Access in Hotel Rooms w A recent study by Cahners In-Stat found that: — 48% of hotels plan to deploy broadband in the next 12 months – 73% of hotels are considering delivering high-speed Internet access to their guestrooms – 82% of hotels with over 60% business clientele are considering rolling out broadband to customers’ rooms ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 132 Residential Gateway The Key Ingredient For Home Networking w RGs provide integration of different broadband access types & different home networking solutions — Broadband access: xDSL & cable modems – Each modem offers an Ethernet port for connecting one PC – Increasing number of households have multiple computers – Tech-savvy users may install Ethernet hub and pull Cat5 cabling to each computer – Most users will not find this a viable option due to installation obstacles or cost — Home networking solutions: HomePNA, HomePlug, HomeRF, Wireless LANs, IEEE 1394 ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 133 Satellite Modem Block Diagram RF In Quadrature Data from Tuner Satellite Interface Flash RAM Components: Tuner, A/D converters, QPSK demodulator, Viterbi decoder, Reed-Solomon FEC, processor interface. Single chip ASSPs provided by Broadcom & Conexant System Interconnectivity, Memory Controller, Decryption CPU 32-bit RISC processor, provided by IDT, MIPS, ARM Ethernet / USB Video Encoder MPEG A/V VIDEO AUDIO PCI ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 134 ISDN CPE - Block Diagram RS-232 Ethernet System Glue / Local Interface (PCMCIA, RS232, Ethernet, USB, HomePNA) Serial TDM Bus RAM Analog Phone ASSPs provided by Analog Devices, Texas Instruments CPU FLASH Voice CODEC FLASH/SDRAM Controller Processors for protocol processing are provided by Philips, Dallas Semiconductor Interface UU Interface Transceiver Transceiver ISDN Line ASSPs provided by Motorola, Infineon, National, Lucent ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 135 Cable Modem - Block Diagram Connects directly to the CATV outlet & converts TV channel to a fixed lower frequency (6-40 MHz) ASSPs provided by: Sharp, Temic, Panasonic Tuner Cable MAC extracts data from MPEG frames, filters data, protocol execution, times transmission of upstream bursts. ASSPs are provided by Texas Instruments, Broadcom, Conexant CPU is provided by ARM, MIPS, PowerPC DOCSIS MAC Interface & Memory Controller DOCSIS Transceiver Performs A/D, D/A, modulation, demodulation (QAM-64/256), Reed Solomon FEC and MPEG frame synchronization. ASSPs are provided by Broadcom, Conexant, SGS Thomson, LSI Logic, VLSI Technologies /Philips, Fujitsu, Analog Devices CPU & LAN Controller RAM USB HPNA 2.0 Flash ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 136 xDSL Line Card - Block Diagram DS3134 CN8478 $10 - $80 Processor Bt8471/2 $16 - $50 PSB2110 MPC107 PM7380 DSL Channels DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s) GT64130 HDLC Controllers SSTL-2/3 Translators System Controller $4 Memory PLLs/ Clock Management $3 Hot Swap Controllers $8 - $15 PCI9610 PCI Backplane Interface PCI9054 S5933 S5920 GT64115 $3 GTL/GTL+ Transceivers $6 High Performance Backplane ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 137 xDSL Line Card - Block Diagram Processor $9.95 PLLs/ Clock Management DSL Channels DSL Driver /Receiver Chip(s) HDLC HDLC Controller Controllers System Controller SSTL-2/3 Translators Memory Hot Swap Controllers $6 PCI Backplane Interface GTL/GTL+ Transceivers High Performance Backplane ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 138 Cable Modem Residential Gateway Analog Front End (AFE) HomePNA Analog IF/AGC In Tuner ADC QAM Demodulator FEC Memory Clock Generator & DLLs FEC Decoder DAC Power Supply QPSK/16QAM Modulator UART FEC Encoder USB Transceiver USB Device Controller Decryption Conditional Access 8-/16-/32- bit Microcontroller 10/100 Base-TX Transceiver MII DMA Cable MAC/SAR Encryption IP Security Module (DES & Triple-DES) Interface SAW 10/100 Base-TX Ethernet MAC DMA Interrupt Controller & Central Arbiter Flash Controller Flash SDRAM Controller SDRAM SDRAM Controller SRAM IP Telephony Direct TDM CODEC Interface 4 voice channels or 1 video & 1 voice channel ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 139 DSL Modem Home Gateway HomePNA MII 10/100 Base-TX Transceiver 10/100 BaseTX Ethernet MAC DRAM UTOPIA or ISA Expansion Bus Interface 32-bit Processor 8 MHz Oscillator UTOPIA I/F or ATM DRAM Controller Network Interface Block PCI Bus Interface 8 KB Internal SRAM Hasher List Manager DSL Driver/ Receiver Chipset Clock Generator & DLLs PCI ® www.xilinx.com Slide: 140