Transcript
SMART POWER GRIDS The Institution of Engineers (India), All India Seminar Hyderabad, July 15-16, 2009
SMART GRID – ECOSYSTEM ON DEMAND-SIDE WITH CUSTOMER INTEGRATION Satyam B @ NeoSilica
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Energy Efficiency vs. New Generation Customer Domain of Smart Grid
Smart Meters Smart Energy Devices and Controls Home Area Network Smart Vehicle Integration Local Generation and Micro-Grid Integration Customer Integration
Availability Based Tariff (Real-time Pricing) Demand Response
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
ONLY EFFICIENCY/CONSERVATION MEETS THE URGENT NEED TO INCREASE ENERGY AVAILABILITY “A Penny Saved is a Penny Earned” - Benj. Franklin, 1753
“A Penny Conserved is Six Cents Earned”
Energy Losses (US): Generation to Customer ………. 2/3
Cost: Conservation to Generation ……... ½
Empowering Conservation for Green Communities
*Six times the ROI of Renewables
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
TM
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN US (%)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
RAISING ENERGY RATES FOR CONSUMERS
Household energy bills going up steadily (UK example)
£ 580 5 years ago to £1,250 today To £5,000 in 10 years (42% yearly increase)
Why are energy bills going up?
Rate caps are coming off Energy usage is increasing dramatically, outpacing the supply World Energy need up by 50% by 2030 Of which – 20% India (25% China) Utilities are investing heavily into Smartgrid activities Utilities are trying to cover “peak demand” losses Utilities pay 2-3 times typical PPA price during peak demand Increasing costs for energy generation
More Off-shore Exploration Higher Processing Costs for Efficiency and Sustainability Compliance Higher Generation Costs of Renewables
Higher Costs of Transmission and Distribution (answer=micro-grids)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
OVERVIEW OF CUSTOMER DOMAIN
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
SMART METERS
Meter Reading Interfaces
Optical Port – requires Optical to Electrical conversion (not reliable and long range) Wired RS485 – more reliable Wireless Mesh WiFi (Zigbee/ZWave) – integrate into Home Area Network Wireless GPS/GPRS – data plans are expensive over time, expensive mobile cards
AMI (Automated Metering Infrastructure)
AMR – meter reading – touch free, pass by, over network Also provide bi-directional communication to support
Key difference – Networked system – not a standalone unit
Key Players
Remote Disconnect-Connect Prepaid Detect unauthorized usage Power Outage indication Interval or Time-of-Use Rates
Standard models: GE, Landys & Gear, Echelon, Itron, Smart Meter, … Customizable: HPL Socomec, Neptune, Chinese manufacturers, …
Larger implementations – Italy (27 million)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
SOLUTION SCOPE
AMI + AMR * Remote Disconnect * Outage Detection Smart Meters * Utility Portal Meter Reading * User Portal * Mobile
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Demand Response ++ * Customer Participation * Energy Gateway * HAN * User IHD
User Conservation +++ * Local Generation Integration * User Conservation
Services
METER TO BACKEND SERVER CONNECTIVITY Meter to Backend Server (Utility Data Center) Connectivity Options
Option 1: Meters Data Concentrators Backhaul Network Backend Servers Meters Data Concentrator on a Pole
Data Concentrator Backend Servers
Any IP Network, dedicated or shared – wired (MAN, WAN, BPL) or wireless (WiFi, WiMAX)
Option 2: Meters Backend Servers
PowerLine (Echelon, …)
Mobile Option (GSM/GPRS, Carriers offering m2m data plans)
Option 3: Meters Energy Gateway Generic Broadband Option 4: Meters Energy Gateway Concentrator … Secure Communication between Devices (m2m)
Encryption, integrity check, access control Tested to be tamper/hacker proof
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
HOME AREA NETWORK (HAN)
Set up a network at Home to connect
Smart Meters Energy/Network Gateways Energy Appliances and their Smart Controls (external or built-in)
AC with Thermostat, Lighting System, Washer that responds to DR/TOU rates
Display Devices (Home Automation Screen, TV, Home Theater, …) Local Machines, PC/Mobile (if required)
Networking Options (dedicated or shared, combination of) Wired
PLC (Powerline Carrier Communication)
HomePlug (1.0 and AV), Echelon
RS485 (serial) Ethernet
Wireless
RF Mesh WiFi
Zigbee getting more popular with industry push (low power, lower range) Zwave has superior technical features, but not yet a leader
WLAN 802.11 GSM/GPRS
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ENERGY DEVICES AND SMART CONTROLS
Major Energy Devices
Air Conditioners
VRF Central AC
Reduce Wastage
Water Pumps (Sumps) Washing Machines and Dryers
Lighting – Smart Systems to Manage
Efficient zoning Built-in Energy Control CFC free coolant
Hot Water Heaters/Geysers
Rapidly growing market Need Thermostats or advanced controls
Residential Lighting Commercial and Public Utilities
Home Automation with Energy Management Features
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
INTEGRATE WITH TIME OF USE RATES
Integrate Customer’s Choice with Utility’s TOU Rates From the Utility side:
Read meters dynamically in real time Adjust TOU rates for the neighborhood Send back Unit Prices to the meter – for local retrieval on HAN
Optimize energy usage – based on peak and off-peak rates
Start washer/dryer at night – when off peak Stop motors and geysers during peak times Air Conditioners – adjust thermostats
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LOCAL/MICRO-GRID INTEGRATION
Local Generation (Solar, Wind) Monitor Net
and integrate – solar/wind generation
metering Monitor for efficiency Energy Management to match Generation
Satyam B @ NeoSilica
