Transcript
Demonstration of Statistically Significant Correlations between 8 and 12 kHz Atmosferics and Sudden Deafness G . R u h e n stro th -B a u e ra, K. M eesb, R. S andhagenb, H . B au m er, and B. F ilipiak 0 a Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Arbeitsgruppe Experimentelle Medizin, D-8033 Martinsried bei München b Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenklinik, Klinikum Großhadern, D-8000 München 70 c MEDIS-Institut der Gesellschaft für Strahlen- und Umweltforschung (GSF), D-8042 Neuherberg bei München Z. Naturforsch. 42c, 999—1000 (1987); received October 24, 1986/February 26, 1987 Sudden Deafness, Atmosferics In the last few years we have shown that atmosferics of different frequencies correlate with the onset of epileptic fits, heart infarcts and with the intensity of an inflammation reaction in rats. Now we show that sudden deafnesses are related (multiple R2—0.08) with the onset of 12 kHz in the first part of the day before the sudden deafness and the absence of 8 kHz in the first part of the day of this event.
T he investigation of relations betw een w eather and diseases has a long history [1, 2]. H ow ever, the co rrelatio n s found betw een the so called classical p ara m ete rs such as te m p e ra tu re , hum idity et cetera have always b een relatively low in com parison with th e fact o f a clear cut accum ulation of certain dis eases on certain days [3, 4], In the last two years, h ow ever, we fou n d in p a rt rem arkably high correla tions w ith epileptic fits [5], h ea rt infarct [6 ], the in tensity of inflam m ation reaction [7] on the one hand and atm osferics on th e o th e r hand. A tm osferics are electro m ag n etic altern atin g oscillations in the range b etw een 5 and 50 kH z derived from certain air mass m ovem ents w ithin th e tro p o sfere [8 ]. Now we will describe a fu rth e r case of such a relation: sudden deafn ess (S D ) and 12 kH z rates in the first p art of the day b efore th e SD and the absence of 8 kH z in the first p a rt o f the day of SD. Material and M ethods 1. Patients W e ev a lu ated m ore than 500 cases of SD of 5 o to rh in olaryngology clinics in M unich in 1984. T o m ake sure we chose only cases with a sudden beginning an d w ith a clinical confirm ation of an SD afte r a d etailed exam ination [ 1 0 ] from this num ber. F u rth e rm o re we to o k only cases w here at least the day of the beginning of the SD was unequivocally know n. U sing th ese criteria 203 cases rem ained. The Reprint requests to Prof. Dr. G. Ruhenstroth. Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, D-7400Tübingen 0341 - 0382/87/0700 - 0999 $ 0 1 .3 0 /0
SD o ccu rred on 155 days of th e y ear; 113 days had o ne SD and only 4 days had m o re th an tw o SD. T h erefo re we divided th e m aterial into one group w ith o ne o r m ore SD a day and a second group with no SD. 2. Electrical m easurem ent techniques W e m easu red th e atm osferics by m eans o f tw o 7elem en t ferrite an ten n as w ith p ream p lifiers, installed 17 m eters above g ro u n d level. T h e received signals w ere co n d u cted by coaxial cables to th e m easuring and recording in stru m en tatio n . Im pulses w ere d e tectab le w ithin ap proxim ately 500—600 km aro u n d th e receiving statio n . Ionosferic reflections play no role w hen using this arran g em en t; m easu rem en ts w ere co m p ared principally w ith gro u n d w ave p ro p a gation. E ven so, th e in p u t sensitivity of th e in stalla tion was au tom atically tu n ed to and calib rated by a high stability subsidiary tran sm itte r 350 km aw ay in o rd e r to m inim ize tran sh o rizo n tal p ro p ag atio n . To p ro d u ce a w ide b an d m agnetic a n ten n a th e self reso n an ce of th e 10 kH z a n ten n a was electronically en h an ced . T he incom ing im pulses w ere so rted into ap p ro p riate channels on th e basis of th e ir m easu red frequencies. U sing digital filtering, th e bandw idths w ere closely d efin ed 8 kH z ± 500 H z, 10 kH z ± 700 H z, 12 kH z ± 500 H z and 28 kH z ( + 1 .5 kH z, — 3 k H z), a p p ro p riate to the energy d istrib u tio n of th e frequency sp ectru m o f atm osferics. M o reo v er each signal was autom atically ch ecked for having a sine w ave form w ith a definite beginning an d end. By this non-sine-w ave signals and technics could be disreg ard ed . Sim ilarly, electro m ag n etic im pulses from ex p o n en tial discharges (E M P ) w ere n o t re
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G. Ruhenstroth-Bauer et al. ■A tm osferics and Sudden D eafness
corded. Im pulses o r groups of im pulses selected in this way and sum m arized every 8.3 m in (7.2 tim e units/h) w ere cou n ted . In addition to this the pulserates of the incom ing atm osferics w ere classified in all of the far frequencies and for each tim e unit in th ree steps and then reco rd ed on tape: th e first step co rresponded to a low , th e second to an average im pulse activity, and the th ird step of p ulse-rate was defined by th e frequency of 2.5 H z o r m ore for the atm osferics of 4, 6 , 8 , 10, 12, 28 and 50 kH z. F o r the 12 kH z atm osferics the th ird step was defined by 0.25 Hz. T he im pulses of the single frequencies w ere sum m arized daily in th ree tim e groups: 0 — 8 h, 8 - 1 6 h and 16—24 h. L ooking at the d istribution of each frequency separately in all th ree line intervals we defined new categorized variables for all (7 x 3 = 21) frequencies: the 25% m ost extrem e values w ere sum m arized to the category “deviation from norm al freq u en cy ” and the m iddle 75% of values to the category “norm al frequency” .
a) 12 kH z (tim e group 0 —8) of the day b efo re the SD and b) 8 kH z (tim e group 0 —8) of the day of th e SD. O n the basis of p < 0.05 we can add th e follow ing frequency: c) 12 kH z (tim e group 0 —8) of the day o f th e SD. T hus, the m ore freq u en t deviation o f th e 12 kH z atm osferic im pulses the m ore often the occu rren ce of SD w hereas the opposite is tru e fo r 8 kH z. F or evaluating sim ultaneously the influence of sev eral atm osferics frequencies on SD we fit m ultiple linear regression m odels. W e sta rted w ith a m odel containing th e nine variables with th e stro n g est sim ple relations. T hen we step p ed backw ard by om itting respectively the frequency with the low est influence (p < 0.05) on the SD. T he startin g m odel w ith the nine variables explains 8.7% of th e varian ce of SD. In th e final m odel the tw o variables rem ain ed : the negative influence of the 8 kH z atm osferics of 0 —8 h o f the day of the SD and the positive influence of the 12 kH z atm osferics o f 0 —8 h of th e day before this event. T hese two frequencies are th e b est pred icto rs o f a SD w ith the m ultiple co rrelatio n o f 0.23 (p <
Results and Discussion
0 .0 1 ).
First we te ste d the hypotheses th a t th e occurrence of SD is in d e p en d e n t on the onset of particu lar fre quencies on the sam e and preceding day. S eparately for the daily tim e groups, fourfold tables w ith the ap p ro p riate x2"test w ere calculated for all the 7 m eas u red frequencies. W ith an e rro r probability of less th a n 1% we can reject the hypothesis of ind ep en d en ce for th e fre quencies of
T he th ree studies of relations b etw een atm osferics and diseases m en tio n ed in the in tro d u ctio n always occurred on the day of o bservation. In this new case th e co rrelation occur in th e tim e in terv al 0 —8 of the day before and the day of the onset o f h earin g loss. T h ere seem s to be a kind of m em ory o f th e influence of atm osferics lasting for 1—2 days. T his m ay be im p o rta n t for the explanation of th e m echanism o f th e influence of atm osferics on organism s.
[1] K. Poliak, Die Heilkunde und die Antike Löwit, Wies baden 1978. [2] K. Poliak, Die Heilkunde der frühen Hochkulturen Löwit, Wiesbaden 1978. [3] H. Ackermann, Das Wetter und die Krankheiten, Akadem. Buchhandlung Kiel 1854. [4] H. Brezowsky, Therapie der Gegenwart 104, 480 (1965).
[5] G. Ruhenstroth-Bauer, H. Baumer, J. Kugler, R. Spatz, W. Sönning, and B. Filipiak, Int. J. Biometeor. 28, 333 (1984). [6] G. Ruhenstroth-Bauer, H. Baumer, E. M. Burkel, W. Sönning, and B. Filipiak, Clin. Cardiol. 4, 445 (1984). [7] G. Ruhenstroth-Bauer, O. Rösing, and H. Baumer, Naturwissenschaften 73, 625 (1986). [8] J. Eichmeier und H. Baumer, Arch. Met. Geoph. Biocl., Ser. A. 31, 249 (1982).
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