Displays And Screens Sense Of Vision Current Technologies

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Interaction Design Lab Displays Displays and screens Sense of vision Current technologies Emerging technologies Touchscreens Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Vision Vision is 300 million years old ~6 x 1014 bits/sec ¼ of the brain processes this data Massive filtering (lines, movement etc) Visible light is a narrow band in the electromagnetic spectrum Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Current display technologies Cathode ray tube, CRT Liquid crystal display, LCD Plasma screen Projectors Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Cathode ray tube (1897) Used in computer screens and TVs Electron guns fire electrons onto a phosphorescent surface Aiming is done via magnetic manipulation High voltage (30 kV) Heavy, bulky and power hungry Max size ~40” Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Liquid crystal display (1968) Transmissive display (does not emit light itself) Two polarised layers at a right angle Liquid crystals twist incoming light Common-plane lcd – Game & Watch Biggest 82” (Last year 65”) Sharp has produced 64” display with 4096 x 2160 pixels Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Plasma screen (1964) Plasma – gas of ions and electrons For each pixel, three small chambers containing xenon and neon gas Xe and Ne atoms are excited by applied voltage and release photons that strike a phosphorescent surface Biggest 102” (Last year 60”) Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays LCD vs Plasma technology Plasma is bigger faster (pixels change colour faster) blacker black cheaper (true for >42”) LCD is lighter requires less power more durable brighter (whiter white) insensitive to high altitudes less susceptible to burn-in can pack pixels more densely Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Projectors Display size varies according to throwing distance (distance between projector and screen) LCD, LCOS or DLP (Digital Light Processing) Noisy, expensive, power hungry and with low contrast Relatively lightweight and cheap Very short throwing distance is possible with aspheric mirror (25 cm gives 60”) LED projectors emerging – Toshiba, Epson Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Emerging display technologies SED OLED/PLED Mirror display Electronic paper Retinal projection Micro projector ”Holographic” displays Augmented reality Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays SED (Mid 80´s, Canon & Toshiba) SED combines the benefits of CRT and LCD/Plasma Each pixel has its own crt (actually 3) High contrast, low power, fast response, thin Possibly 55” 1920x1080 TV on the market in late 2007 Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays OLED/PLED (1987) Organic/Polymer light emitting diode Can be printed onto flexible plastic sheets A layer of carbon based (hence organic) dye, one molecule thick, emits light when subjected to electricity Fast response, wide viewing angle, high contrast even in sunlight Transparent OLED possible Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Mirror display Developed by Philips HomeLab LCD-screen integrated into a mirror When screen is off, it looks like a regular mirror Up to 30” screen Hitachi Miragraphy Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Electronic paper E-Ink Gyricon Polymer Vision Electrowetting Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays E Ink Millions of microcapsules containing electrically charged pigment chips Electrical field is applied – its polarity determines which pigment chips become visible Currently rigid grayscale displays – in the future flexible color displays Advantages Low power consumption High contrast Wide viewing angle Can be deployed onto many types of surfaces About half the thickness of traditional TFTs Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Gyricon Similar to E Ink Bichromal beads between sheets of plastic Relatively inexpensive Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Polymer Vision Rollable displays utilising E Ink Organic electronics 0.35 mm thickness (soon 0.1 mm) Bend radius 20 mm (soon 10 mm) Bendable/rollable/foldable? Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Electrowetting Pixels are made up of cells containing colored oil and water When voltage is applied, the oil contracts, thus revealing the white bottom substrate Differently colored layers combine to produce multiple colours Advantages Rapid response allows for full motion video Superior brightness (4 x traditional TFT) Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Micro projector Laser projection display Symbol Technologies 4-5 cm3 (Two sugar cubes) Laser is always focused Full color HD quality Can be combined with camera for input Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays ”Holographic” displays Holotouch – Holograms used as input panels Actuality Systems – Projection onto rotating screen IO2Technology – Projects onto sheet of modified air Fogscreen Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Augmented reality Overlaying virtual information onto the real world This information is synchronized in time and space AR can involve other senses than vision The system must perceive what the user perceives in order to achieve synchronization Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Touch screens Touch sensitive layer on top of actual screen Several types of touch screens What can you use to interact? Finger/stylus Light throughput Touch screen resolution Ruggedness Multiple touch points? Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University Interaction Design Lab Displays Video (interlacing, resolution, compression) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video Display Device http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_device Comparison of display technology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_display_technology Multitouch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitouch http://www.perceptivepixel.com http://blog.centopeia.com/2007/03/21/jeff-hans-multitouch-demo-ii/ http://www.microsoft.com/surface Interaction Design Lab Institute of Design Umeå University