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EN Clipso Clipso Modulo Clipso Control Clipso Control + TR FR ES EL AR PT User's Guide - Kullanma Kılavuzu - Manuel d’instruction Manual de Instrucciones - Οδηγίες χρήσης ‰ULF¢ßù« ‰¥∞b - Manual de instruções www.tefal.com N R A* C F* H B D E R G I S J L R T L* K* M* N P* Q* O R T U S R S D V W A* *depending on model - *modele görel - *Selon modèle - *según modelo - *ανάλογα µε το µοντέλο q¥œuL∞« Vº•* - *consoante modelo mini fig. 1 fig. 2 fig. 3 fig. 4 fig. 5 fig. 6 fig. 7 fig. 8 fig. 9 fig. 10 fig. 11 fig. 12 fig. 13 fig. 14 fig. 15 fig. 16 b b a fig. 17 a fig. 18 fig. 19 fig. 20 IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS • For your safety, this appliance is compliant with applicable standards and regulations: - Directive concerning Pressure operated appliances - Equipment coming into contact with food - Environment • This appliance is intended for domestic use. • Any commercial use, inappropriate use or failure to comply with the instructions, the manufacturer accepts no responsibility and the guarantee will not apply. • Take the time to read all the instructions and refer to the "Instructions for use". • As with any cooking appliance, supervise cooking closely if using the Pressure Cooker with children nearby or certain handicapped persons. • This product is not intended for use by persons (including children) with reduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities, or lack of experience and knowledge, unless they have been given supervision or instruction concerning use of the product by a person responsible for their safety. • Do not put your Pressure Cooker into a hot oven. • When your pressure cooker is under pressure please take the utmost care when moving it. Do not touch the hot surfaces (in particular the metal parts). Use the handles and buttons. Use oven gloves if necessary. • Do not use your Pressure Cooker for any use other than that for which it is designed. • Your Pressure Cooker cooks under pressure. Burns could result from boiling over if not used properly. Make sure that the Pressure Cooker is properly closed before bringing it up to pressure. (see paragraph Opening - Closing). • Never force the Pressure Cooker open. Make sure that the inside pressure has returned to normal. See paragraph Safety. • Never use your Pressure Cooker without liquid: this could cause serious damage. Always make sure that there is enough liquid in it during cooking. • Use compatible heat sources. • Do not fill your Pressure Cooker more than 2/3 full.(maximum filling mark). • Never cook a milk based menu in your pressure cooker. • For food that expands considerably during cooking, such as rice, dehydrated vegetables or compotes, … do not fill the Pressure Cooker more than half full. • After cooking meats which have a surface skin ( e.g.. ox tongue…), which may expand under the effect of pressure, do not pierce the meat while the skin still has a swollen appearance; you run the risk of scalding yourself. We recommend you pierce the meat before cooking. • When cooking food with a thick texture (chick peas, rhubarb, compotes, etc.) the Pressure Cooker should be shaken slightly before opening to ensure that the food does not spurt out. • Always check that valves are clear before use. See paragraph “Before cooking”. • Do not use the Pressure Cooker to fry under pressure using oil. • Leave the safety systems alone, except for cleaning and maintenance in accordance with instructions. • Use only the appropriate TEFAL spare parts for your model. Particularly, only the TEFAL pan and lid. • Do not use your pressure cooker to store acidic or salty food before and after cooking. • Make sure the pressure regulator valve is in the steam release position before opening the lid. • Never place your pressure cooker with its handles folded back* on a source of heat. Keep these instructions 1 *depending on model Descriptive diagram A B C D E F G H I J K L - Timer* Locking button Lid knob Programme selector Unlocking button Control panel Jaws Stainless steel lid Module retaining nut Lid seal Vitamin basket* Steam basket* MNOP QR S T UVW- EN Fixed pan handle* Integrated basket supports Stainless steel pot Handle release button* Folding pan handles* Steam release outlet Pressure indicator Operating valve seal Operating valve Control module fixing screw Safety valve Characteristics Pressure cooker base diameter Model Total Interior Base Material Clipso Clipso Clipso body Clipso Control Capacité Ø Ø Control Modulo and lid + 4,5 L 5,3 L* 22 cm 18 cm Stainless steel P41306 P41006 - - 6L 6,8 L* 22 cm 18 cm Stainless steel - P41007 P41107 P40807 4,5 L - 25 cm 20 cm Stainless steel - P41012 8L 9,4 L* 25 cm 20 cm Stainless steel - P41014 P41114 P40814 10 L 11,4 L* 25 cm 20 cm Stainless steel - P41015 P41115 P40815 - - * Product capacity with the lid in position. Normative information: Maximum operating pressure: 80kPa. Maximum safety pressure: 140kPa. *depending on model 2 Compatible heat sources GAS SOLID HOTPLATE CERAMIC or HALOGEN INDUCTION ELECTRIC HOTPLATE • Stainless steel models are suitable for all hob types, including induction. • On electrical and induction stoves, use a hot plate or hob or ring size of diameter of equal or lower than the base of the pressure cooker. • On a ceramic hob, make sure that the base of the pot is clean and dry. • On a gas hob, the flame should not lick out from around the base of the pressure cooker. • On all sources of heat, make sure that your pressure cooker is correctly centred. • Not suitable for use on an Aga Do not heat your pot when it is empty, as you risk damaging your product. TEFAL spare parts • Commercially available accessories are: Accessories 4/6L 4,5/8/10L 4,5/6L 8/10L 4,5/6L 8/10L 6/8/10L Seal Vitamin basket* Steam basket* Folding handles* Timer Reference X1010001 X1010002 X1030001 X1030002 792185 980513 X1050005 X1060001 • To replace other parts or for repairs, contact an TEFAL Approved Service Centre • Use only TEFAL original parts suitable for your model. 3 *depending on model Opening • Press the unlocking button on the side of the lid knob; the jaws will release - Fig 1. • Lift the lid off. EN Whenever opening and closing the lid, the control module must always be fixed onto the lid. Closing The jaws must be flat on the edge of the lid. - Fig 3. • Place the lid over the pressure cooker, ensuring that it is sitting correctly on the pot. • Press down on the locking button - Fig 2 • It is normal for the lid to be able to twist round whilst it is locked. • The clamps must be in contact with the edge of the lid. If you are unable to close the lid: • Make sure the jaws are fully open before fitting the lid onto the pot. • Check good condition and correct position of the seal. Control module* The control module has been designed to make cleaning your pressure cooker easier. • Once the lid seal and the timer* have been removed, the pot and lid can also be put in the dishwasher. • The control module contains all the parts which enable your pressure cooker to function. As soon as it is fixed on the lid, your pressure cooker can be used normally. To remove the control module from the lid • Remove the timer* • Turn over the lid. • Loosen the screw holding the module using a coin, while holding the module with your other hand. *depending on model 4 To attach the control module to the lid • Position the module on the lid, taking care not to press the release button and aligning the module with the holes in the lid • Turn them over while holding the module onto the lid and tighten the attachment screw using a coin. The control module can only be fitted one way. Minimum filling The foodstuffs placed in the Vitamin/steam basket must not touch the lid. For cooking directly in the pot • Minimum: Always ensure you have a minimum quantity of 250 ml (2 glasses) of liquid in the pot - Fig 4. For steam cooking • Pour 750 ml of water in to the bottom of the pot. • Place your vitamin / steam basket on the builtin supports provided. Maximum filling • Never fill your pressure cooker beyond 2/3 of the height of the pot - Fig 5. For certain foods • For food that expands considerably during cooking, such as rice, dehydrated vegetables or stewed fruits, ... do not fill the pressure cooker with contents more than half the height of the pot. If your pressure cooker has been heated without any liquid in it: • Get your pressure cooker checked by an Approved Tefal service centre. 5 *depending on model Using the Vitamin/Steam basket* The foodstuffs placed in the Vitamin/steam basket must not touch the lid. For steam cooking You will have 1 or 2 steam baskets according to your model. • Place the steam basket onto the integrated basket supports - Fig 6. • Pour 750 ml of water into the pressure cooker. For models equipped with 2 rows of basket supports • You can simultaneously cook food at the bottom of the cooker with at least 250 ml of liquid, and in the steam basket placed on the basket supports. • If you have 2 vitamin/steam baskets you can also steam two layers of food using the 2 baskets simultaneously. • Place the first basket on the lower level by tilting the basket slightly on its side. • Then place the second basket onto the higher level. Using the pressure selector In order to keep as many of the vitamins in when cooking the food • Position the selector on v itamin or *. For cooking meat and fish • Position the pressure selector on . To release the steam • Remove the timer*. • Gradually move the pressure selector to - Fig 7. • You can also release the pressure by placing the pressure cooker under cold running tap water. Aim the running water on to the metal part of the lid. *depending on model Turn the pressure cooker so that the unlocking button is facing you. The steam is very hot when it comes out of the operating valve. The heating source must be turned off when the selector is in the position. Remove the timer* before placing under running water. 6 EN Electronic timer* Depending on model, your Clipso Control is fitted with a timer which automatically records the cooking time once the temperature level corresponding to the position of the pressure selector has been reached. Using the timer* • Fit the timer - Fig 8 • To turn the timer on, press either (+) or (–) button. • To set the cooking time (maximum of 59 minutes) press the (+) or (–) button - Fig 9. • Hold down the button to move along more quickly. • When the cooking time is set, the OK indicator is displayed on the screen after a few seconds. • The timer starts as soon as the right pressure level and temperature is reached. A short series of beeps inform you when it starts - Fig 10. • Once countdown has started, you can remove the timer from the pressure cooker. • The starting of the timer is not triggered by the release of steam via the steam release outlet: depending on the amount of food in the cooker and the heat source used, the timer may start before or after the steam release. • You are able to increase or reduce the cooking time on the timer at any time, even during countdown, by simply pressing the + (to increase) or – (to reduce) button. • At the end of cooking: when the time has finished counting down, the timer will go off making a sound. To stop the bell ringing, press either the (+ ) or (–) button once. • The timer switches off automatically. • Removal: press the front of the timer to release it and then remove it. 7 Cooking times are programmed in minutes. Don’t forget to turn down the heat once there is a continual release of steam from the steam release outlet. Your Clipso Control can also operate without its timer. *depending on model You may encounter the following situations: • If you start hearing regular beeps and the time starts flashing, this means that the timer must be attached onto the module. The symbol OK should then appear. • Your timer is programmed but you don’t want to use it any more: the pressure cooker stops automatically after an hour or you can stop it manually by pushing the + and – buttons simultaneously. • The timer is fragile and may become damaged if it falls or if pressure is applied to the screen. EN Battery Replacement Hg The lifetime of the battery depends on timer usage frequency. However, you should replace the battery when you notice total or partial loss of display. • In order to help to protect the environment, remove the used battery. Do not throw it away with the household waste, but dispose of it at a local civic collection centre. The battery of the timer is a button-type manganese alkaline battery. It contains mercury. It complies with European regulations. • You can have the timer battery ref LR 54 (1131) replaced by an authorised service dealer. • To remove the battery from your timer , open the battery cap as shown in the diagram opposite. • Gently close the battery cap, but don’t force it beyond the stop blocks as shown in the diagram opposite. Never place the timer in water, or in the dishwasher. *depending on model Recommendations for use • Do not force the battery cap when you close it. • Should you lose the timer, you can obtain another one from any of our TEFAL Approved Service Centres. 8 Folding handles* Before use, remove the stickers from each of the handles. To fold back the handles • Press the handle release buttons - Fig 11 • The “handles folded” position is only used to store the pressure cooker. To place the handles in their working position • Raise the handles until you hear them “click” into position. Do not attempt to fold the handles without pressing the release buttons. Do not place your pressure cooker on a source of heat with its handles folded - Fig 12 Using your pressure cooker for the first time Turn the pressure cooker so that the unlocking button is facing you. 9 • Fill the pressure cooker up to 2/3 full with water. • Close the lid on the pressure cooker. • Turn the selector so that it is on . • Put the pressure cooker on the heat source at the highest temperature. • Set the timer for 15 minutes (see chapter on Electronic timer)*. • When steam starts to release from the outlet, lower the heat source. • For models not fitted with a timer, allow 15 minutes. • After 15 minutes, turn off the heat. • Remove the timer*. • Gradually position the programme selector to . • When no more steam escapes from the steam outlet and the pressure indicator is down, open the pressure cooker. • Remove the timer from its holder.* • Rinse out the pressure cooker under running water and dry it. • Clean the basket with warm water and washing up liquid. *depending on model • Note: the appearance of marks/stains on the interior base of the pressure cooker does not alter the quality of the metal. It is merely due to calcium deposits. To remove these, use a scouring pad and some diluted white vinegar. Use Before cooking • Before each use, check that the control module is correctly fastened (retaining nut is tightened); you can use a coin if necessary. • Before each use, check that the operating valve (selector at position v itamin or * or ) ) and the safety valve inside the lid can move freely - Fig 13 • Close the lid. • Set the programme selector to the position indicated in your recipe. • Set the timer for the required cooking time.* • Put the pressure cooker on the heat source at the highest temperature. • It is perfectly normal to see steam being released through the pressure indicator outlet before the pressure starts to increase. Water droplets may appear in the area around the pressure indicator. • As soon as the pressure indicator comes up , you will no longer be able to open your pressure cooker. *depending on model Turn the pressure cooker so that the unlocking button is facing you. Never use the lid with the pressure selector on If the heating source is on. 10 EN During cooking As with all cooking appliances, make sure you properly supervise the cooking area if children or certain disabled persons are close by. • Cooking starts when steam escapes in a steady flow from the outlet with a regular hissing sound. Lower the heat. • For models fitted with a timer, the cooking time countdown is triggered automatically, by emitting a beep. You can then take the timer with you. • As soon as the cooking time has come to an end, turn off the heat source. • For models fitted with a timer, your timer alerts you with a sound signal that the cooking time has finished. Turn off the source of heat and press the (+) or (–) button to stop the timer bell ringing. End of cooking • Remove the timer*. • To release the steam • After the heat has been turned off you have two alternatives: • Slow pressure release: gradually turn the programme selector to the steam position . Be careful, as the steam, which is released, is very hot. If you notice unusual release of pressure during decompression: turn the selector to position v i t a m i n or * then repeat the decompression procedure slowly, making sure that the pressure has released normally. • Fast pressure release: • Place the pressure cooker under a cold running tap, directing the flow onto the metal part of the lid. - Fig 14. 11 *depending on model • When the pressure indicator is down in the normal position, all pressure has been released from the pressure cooker. • You can then open the pressure cooker. To move/lift the pressure cooker use the side handles on the pot. Never use the lid knob to move or lift it. For a few seconds, steam escapes through this outlet: do not run your hand over it. Cleaning and Maintenance • Wash your cooker after each use. • For the models fitted with folding pan handles, we recommend cleaning the pressure cooker with the handles folded. • Never use bleach or chlorine based products to clean your pressure cooker as these damage the quality of stainless steel. Remove the timer before cleaning the pressure cooker*. Do not leave food standing in your pressure cooker. Dishwasher cleaning • You can wash the pot and the basket in the dishwasher. • You can also put the lid into the dishwasher, on the condition that you have removed the timer* and the seal for the lid. Never put the timer* or the seal into the dishwasher. Cleaning by hand • Wash your pot and basket in warm water with a little washing-up liquid. You can use a scouring pad on the inside. • Remove the seal from the lid and clean it in warm water with a little washing-up liquid. • Clean your lid under water with a sponge and washing-up liquid. • Let the lid drip dry after cleaning. Don’t leave the lid to soak in water if the control module is still attached. If the appearance of your pot has changed: • It is blackened: you can clean it with a special stainless steel cleaning substance on sale at your Approved TEFAL Service Centre. *depending on model 12 EN • There are rainbow-coloured glints on it: clean it with commercially available white vinegar, available from hardware stores, or with a special stainless steel cleaning substance. Putting the control module in place (see chapter on control module) Re-fitting the seal • For better visibility, this operation must be carried out with the lid in the open position, i.e.: with the jaws open - Fig 15. • To ensure a perfect seal, make sure the seal slips fully under each tab - Fig 16 by pressing and pushing it with your finger towards the edge of the lid. Change the lid seal once a year. ave your pressure cooker checked at a TEFAL Approved Service Centre after 10 years of use. When storing your pressure cooker • Turn the lid over on the pan, so that it is in a stable position - Fig 17a or - Fig 17b. Cleaning the control module • Remove the control module from the lid. • Check visually and in plain daylight that the steam outlet is not blocked. If it is blocked, clean it using a cotton-bud, then rinse it under water - Fig 18. • Wash the control module under running water - Fig 19. • Check that the operation device can move freely. • Check the mobility of the operating valve (selector to position v itamin or * or ) - Fig 13. • You can also put the control module in the dishwasher. • Check that the module seals are correctly fitted. • If these seals are missing or damaged, leaks can occur underneath the module during the pressure cooking operation. The shape of the seals has been specially designed for easy removal and re-fitting. Seals can be purchased from TEFAL Approved Service Centres. 13 Never open the control module. Don’t forget to remove the timer.* Do not use any sharp or pointed objects to carry out operating and safety checks. *depending on model Cleaning the timer • Clean it with a soft, dry cloth. • Do not use solvent for cleaning the timer. EN Safety Your Clipso pressure cooker has several systems to guarantee that your appliance will work in complete safety. Safety when closing • The jaws must be in contact with the edge of the lid - Fig 3. If this is not the case, it means that there is a leak around the pressure indicator and the pressure cooker cannot gain pressure . Safety when opening • If the pressure cooker is under pressure, the open button cannot be activated because the mechanism is locked by the pressure indicator. • In this case, do not try to force it open, but move the selector to and wait for the pressure to disappear completely. • Check the position of the pressure indicator . It must be in the low position to be opened. Safety when there is excess pressure • When the appliance is operating, if the steam release outlet gets blocked , the excess pressure safety systems swing into action : • First device: The safety valve releases the pressure and the steam escapes from under the control module - Fig 20a • Second device: steam flows from between the lid and the pot - Fig 20b If one of these security devices is set off: • Turn off the heat source. • Let the pressure cooker cool down. • Open the cooker. • Check and clean the operation valve, steam release outlet, safety valve and seal. *depending on model 14 Guarantee • Your new TEFAL pressure cooker comes with a ten-year guarantee for use under the conditions set out in these instructions. This guarantee covers: - Any defects relating to the metal structure of the pressure cookebody, - Any premature deterioration of the metal base. • For other parts, a one year parts and labour guarantee is provided (except where applicable law in your own country states otherwise). This guarantee covers any defects or manufacturing faults. • The contractual guarantee cover is provided only on presentation of a valid proof of purchase which shows the date of purchase. • The guarantee cover excludes: • The normal life of the seal, pressure control valve or locking indicator seal is limited. These parts are excluded from the guarantee and will require periodic renewal. • Any damage consecutive to a failure to follow the major recommendations made or due to negligent use, especially: - Dropping, falls, bangs or knocks, placing in an oven… • Only TEFAL Approved Service Centres are authorised to provide service under guarantee. • Please call the Helpline number below for the address of your nearest TEFAL Approved Service Center. If you have any problems or queries please call our Customer Relations team first for expert help and advice: 0845 602 1454 - UK (01) 67 4003 - ROI or consult our web site: www.tefal.co.uk 15 *depending on model TEFAL answers your questions Problems EN Recommandations I cannot close the • Make sure the jaws are fully open before fitting the lid: lid onto the pot. • Check good condition and correct position of the seal. If your pressure cooker has been heated without any liquid in it: •Have it checked at a TEFAL Approved Service Centre. If the pressure indicator does not rise: • This is normal for the first few minutes • If the problem continues, check that: - There is enough liquid inside the pan. - The source of heat is high enough; if not, increase the heat. - The pressure selector is not turned to . - The pressure cooker is closed properly. - The control module is screwed in properly. - The clamps must be in contact with the edge of the lid. - The seal for the lid is positioned correctly. - The seal is clean and in good condition; change it if required. - Check the cleanness and the mobility of the pressure indicator. The pressure indi- • Set the programme selector to : cator has lifted up - If no steam escapes, put your pressure cooker under and no steam escold water to release the steam, then clean the opecapes from the rerating valve and release outlet. lease outlet during - If steam escapes, the pressure level has not been reacooking: ched yet: set the selector back to the initial position. If steam escapes from around the control module: check: *depending on model • The control module is sufficiently screwed on. • Good condition and correct installation of the seals on the operating and safety valves. 16 Problems Recommandations Steam is leaking • The lid closes correctly. around the lid: • The seal is correctly fitted onto the lid. check: • The seal is clean and not damaged. Replace it if necessary. • Lid, safety valve and operating valve are clean. • The edge of the pot is not damaged. If one of the security devices is activated (safety valve or seal): • Turn off the heat source immediately. • Let the pressure cooker cool down. • Open the cooker. • Check and clean the operating valve, steam release outlet, safety valve and seal. I cannot open the lid: • Check that the pressure indicator is in the low position. • If not: release the steam from the pressure cooker by cooling it under cold running water, if necessary. If the food is burnt • The cooking time. or undercooked, • The heat source. check: • That the programme selector is on the correct setting. • The quantity of liquid. If food has burnt in the pot: • Leave the pot to soak before cleaning it. • Never use bleach or chlorine based products to clean it. If regular beeps are • Check that the timer has been properly put in place being emitted and on the control module. the cooking time is flashing: If you cannot put the handles into the working position: check that: • The release button is not jammed. • If the problem persists, have your pressure cooker checked by an approved TEFAL Service Centre. If you cannot fold Check back the handles: • That you have pressed the handle release buttons do not force them. in completely. • If the problem persists, have your pressure cooker checked by an approved TEFAL Service Centre. 17 *depending on model Regulatory markings EN Marking Location Identification of the manufacturer or brand Close button. Manufacture year and batch Model reference Maximum safety pressure (PS) Upper operating pressure (PF) On the top edge of the lid, visible when the lid is in the “open” position. Capacity On the outside bottom of the pot. Recommendations for use 1 - The steam is very hot when it comes out of the operating valve. 2 - Do not try to force open your appliance, but make sure that the pressure indicator (S) is in the low position. 3 - As for any cooking appliance, keep a close eye on it if there are children nearby. 4 - Danger ! Beware of steam jets. 5 - Use the two pot handles when moving the pressure cooker. 6 - Do not leave food in your pressure cooker longer than is necessary. 7 - Never use bleach or any chlorinated substance, as these may cause damage to the stainless steel. 8 - Do not leave the lid in water. 9 - Change the seal every year. 10 - Your pressure cooker must only be cleaned when the appliance has completely cooled down and is empty. 11 - You must have your pressure checked by an Approved TEFAL Service Centre after 10 years of use. *depending on model 18 WOßUOÆ ‹U±ö´ lÆuL∞« W±öF∞« ‰UHÆù« ¸“ W±öF∞« Ë√ lMÒBLÔ∞« s´ n¥dF∑∞« WKπ Ò ºLÔ∞« W¥¸Uπ∑∞« w≠ ¡UDG∞« ÊuJ¥ U±bM´ ,¡UDG∞« WLÆ vK´ "Open" `∑H∞« WOF{Ë WF≠bÒÔ∞«Ë lMB∞« WMß q¥œuL∞« l§d± )PS( s±ü« jGCK∞ vBÆ_« b∫∞« )PF( wKOGA∑∞« jGCK∞ vBÆ_« b∫∞« …dπM© qJO≥ s± w§¸Uª∞« V≤Uπ∞« vK´ jGC∞« WFº∞« wND∞« q∂Æ .qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ s± Ãdª¥ U±bM´ «Îb§ ¸U• ¸Uª∂∞« -1 w≠ jGC∞« d®R± ÊQ° bØQ¢ sJ∞Ë , …uI∞U° Z∑ML∞« `∑≠ ‰ËU∫¢ ô -2 .wKHº∞« lÆuL∞« «–≈ wND∞« WOKL´ W∂Æ«d± v§dÔ¥ ,wNDK∞ dî¬ Z∑M± Í√ q∏LØ tK∏± -3 .‰UH©_« s± »dI∞U° Z∑ML∞« qLF∑ß« .¸Uª∂∞« YH≤ s± ¸c∫∞« wîu¢ v§d¥Ô ! dDî -4 . jGC∞« …dπM© qL• Ë√ p¥d∫¢ ¡UM£√ sOC∂IL∞« qLF∑ß« -5 .ÂËeK∞« s± d∏Ø√ jGC∞« …dπM© w≠ UÎOÆU° ÂUFD∞« „d∑¢ ô -6 w≠ s¥¸uKJ∞« qîb¥ w∑∞« œ«uL∞« Ë√ iOO∂∑∞« œ«u± qLF∑º¢ ô -7 .qO∑ß fK≤U∑ßù« ÊbF± nK∑¢Ô UN≤_ UN∂OØd¢ .¡UL∞« w≠ ¡UDG∞« „d∑¢ ô -8 .UÎ¥uMß »dº∑∞« lM± WIK• ‰b∂∑ß« -9 UαUL¢ …œ¸U° `∂B¢ U±bM´ jI≠ jGC∞« …dπM© nOEM¢ r∑¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ -10 .W¨¸U≠Ë bL∑FL∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± vK´ jGC∞« …dπM© ÷dF¢ Ê√ Vπ¥-11 .‰ULF∑ßù« s± ‹«uMß dA´ bF° 93 q∫∞« `O∫Å qJA° qHI± ¡UDG∞« > ¡UDG∞« vK´ `O∫Å qJA° W∂Ød± »dº∑∞« lM± WIK• > d±_« Âe∞ «–≈ UN∞b∂∑ß«. WH∞U¢ dO¨Ë WHOE≤ »dº∑∞« lM± WIK• > WHOE≤ W∞U∫° qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅË ,ÊU±_« ÂULÅ ,¡UDG∞« > .WH∞U¢ dO¨ …dπMD∞« W≠U• > WKJAL∞« ‰u• s± »dº∑¥ ¸Uª∂∞« ¡UDG∞« «Î¸u≠ ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« ¡vH©« > WLE≤« b•√ qOFH¢ r¢ «–≈ œd∂¢ jGC∞« …dπM© Ÿœ > Â√ ÊU±_« ÂULÅ( W±öº∞« jGC∞« …dπM© `∑≠« > :)»dº∑∞« lM± WIK• ,¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ …UMÆ ,qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ nEÒ≤ Ë bØQ¢ > »dº∑∞« lM± WIK•Ë ÊU±_« ÂULÅ wKHº∞« lÆuL∞« w≠ jGC∞« d®R± ÊQ° bØQ¢ > jGC∞« …dπM© s± ¸Uª∂∞« ·dÒÅ :p∞cØ d±_« sJ¥ r∞ Ê≈ > .d±_« Âe∞ «–≈ ,œ¸U° ¡U± Èdπ± X∫¢ U≥b¥d∂∑° ¡UDG∞« `∑≠ sJL¥ ô AR wND∞« XÆË > wI° Ë√ ÂUFD∞« ‚d∑•« «–≈ ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« > : s± bØQ¢ UεO≤ .`O∫B∞« tFÆu± w≠ Z±«d∂∞« wI∑M± Ê√ > qz«uº∞« WOLØ > UNHOEM¢ q∂Æ W´uIM± …dπMD∞« „d¢« > UN∑∂OØd∑° s¥¸uKJ∞« qîb¥ œ«u± Ë√ WCO∂± œ«u± qLF∑º¢ ô > w≠ ÂUFD∞« ‚d∑•« …dπMD∞« vK´ `O∫B∞« t≤UJ± w≠ l{Ë bÆ XÆRL∞« ÊQ° bØQ¢ > rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" ‹«¸U®≈ ‹¸bÅ «–≈ √b° «–≈Ë WLE∑M± WO¢uÅ : iO±u∞U° wND∞« XÆË qDF±Ô dO¨ d¥d∫∑∞« ¸“ > l{Ë p≤UJ±S° sJ¥ r∞ «–≈ WOF{Ë w≠ i°UIL∞« vK´ …dπMD∞« ÷d´ v§d¥ , UN∞U• vK´ WKJAL∞« XOI° «–≈ > : ÊQ° bØQ¢ :qOGA∑∞« bL∑FL∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± w© s± sJL∑¢ r∞ Ê≈ bØQ¢ bO§ qJA° d¥d∫∑∞« ¸“ vK´ jGC∞U° XLÆ bÆ p≤Q° > UNO© ‰ËU∫¢ ô :i°UIL∞« …uI∞U° vK´ …dπMD∞« ÷d´ v§d¥ , UN∞U• vK´ WKJAL∞« XOI° «–≈ > bL∑FL∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± q¥œuL∞« Vº•* 94 p∑Kµß√ vK´ VOπ¢Ô ‰UHO¢ q∫∞« WKJAL∞« .…dπMD∞« vK´ ¡UDG∞« VOØd¢ q∂Æ sO•u∑H± sOJH∞« Ê√ bØQ¢ > ‰UHÆ≈ ÊUJ±ùU° sJ¥ r∞ «–≈ X≤UØ «–≈Ë ,…bO§ X≤UØ «–≈ WO©UDL∞« WIK∫∞« W∞U• s± bØQ¢ > : ¡UDG∞« .`O∫B∞« UNF{u± w≠ W∂Ød±Ô bL∑FLÔ∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± vK´ jGC∞« …dπM© ÷d´« > …dπM© X{dÒF¢ «–≈ ÊËœ sOªº∑K∞ jGC∞« s± Ÿu≤ Í√ œu§Ë : UNKî«b° qz«uº∞« d® Ò R± lH¢d¥ r∞ «–≈ ‰ULF∑ßù« s± v∞Ë_« ozUÆb∞« w≠ wFO∂© d±√ «c≥ > : ÊQ° bØQ¢ ,ö Î ¥u© W∞U∫∞« Ác≥ ‹dÒL∑ß« «–≈ > ¸Uª∂∞« Ãdª¥ r∞Ë jGC∞« .WO≠UØ jGC∞« …dπM© qî«œ …œu§uL∞« qz«uº∞« - : wND∞« ¡UM£√ ÂULB∞« s± «–≈ , WO≠UØ Í¸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« s´ …¸œUB∞« …¸«d∫∞« .…¸«d∫∞« l≠d¢Ô , WO≠UØ dO¨ X≤UØ . lÆu± w≠ fO∞ jGC∞« wI∑M± .`O∫Å qJA° WKHI± dO¨ jGC∞« …dπM© .ÂUJ•S° UÎ∑∂∏± fO∞ rJ∫∑∞«"‰Ëœu±" .¡UDG∞« ·«d©Q° d®U∂± ‰UB¢U° sOJH∞« ÊuJ¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ .`O∫Å qJA° W∂Ød±Ô dO¨ WO©UDL∞« WIK∫∞« «–≈ UN∞«b∂∑ß« Vπ¥ ;…bO§ W∞U• w≠ WO©UDL∞« WIK∫∞« .d±_« Âe∞ . jGC∞« d®R± WØd• W¥d•Ë W≠UE≤ s± bØQ¢ Ò R± lH¢¸« «–≈ . vK´ Z±«d∂∞« wI∑M± j∂{« > , jGC∞« d® Ãdª¥ ô ¸Uª∂∞« ‰«“ U±Ë X∫¢ jGC∞« …dπM© l{ ,¸Uª∂K∞ n¥dB¢ b§u¥ ô «–« :wND∞« ¡UM£√ ÂULB∞« s± ÂULÅ nEÒ≤ r£ ,¸Uª∂∞« d¥d∫∑∞ œ¸U° ¡U° Èdπ± .ÃdªL∞« ¸d• Ë qOGA∑∞« mK∂¥ r∞ jGC∞« Èu∑º± ÊS≠ ,¸Uª∂K∞ n¥dB¢ dN™ «–« .wßUß_« lÆuLK∞ wI∑ML∞« j∂{« : b∫∞« ÂUJ•S° UÎ∑∂∏± fO∞ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" > s± »dÒº∑¥ ¸Uª∂∞« ÊUØ «–≈ ,rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" ‰u• qJA° W∂Ød±Ô UN≤«Ë …bO§ W∞U• w≠ »dº∑∞« lM± ‹UIK• : ÊQ° bØQ∑∞« v§d¥Ô .ÊU±_« ÂULÅË qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ vK´ `O∫Å 95 W‡‡‡‡≤U‡‡‡L‡‡C‡‡∞« dAF° p¥b∞ w∑∞« …b¥bπ∞« ‰UHO¢ jGC∞« …dπM© l∑L∑¢ bÒOI∑¥ Íc∞« ‰ULF∑ßù« sL{ W≤UL{ ‹«uMß : W≤ULC∞« Ác≥ wDG¢ÔË .WI≠dL∞« ‹«œU®¸ù«Ë ‹ULOKF∑∞U° …dπM© qJO≥ w≠ ÊbFL∞« W∂OØd¢ s´ Wπ¢U≤ »uO´ W¥√ .jGC∞« ..…b´UI∞« ÊbF± w≠ dJÒ∂±Ô ¸u≥b¢ Í√ bO∞« qLA¢ ,…b•«Ë WMß W≤UL{ ,¡«e§_« WOI∂∞ YO• bK∂∞« sO≤«uÆ l± ÷¸UF∑¥ U± ¡UM∏∑ßU°( WK±UF∞« .WOFOMB¢ »uO´ W¥√ W≤ULC∞« Ác≥ wDG¢Ô .)rOI¢ …¸u¢U≠ “«d°≈ bM´ W≤ULC∞« Ác≥ ‰uFH± Ídº¥ .¡«dA∞« a¥¸U¢ UNOK´Ë Z∑ML∞« ¡«d® -: wK¥ U± W≤ULC∞« s± vM∏∑º¥Ô rJ∫∑∞« ÂUÒLÅ ,WO©UDL∞« WIK∫K∞ wFO∂D∞« dLF∞« …UM∏∑º± ¡«e§_« Ác≥ .œËb∫± ‰UHÆù« d® Ò R± Ë√ ,jGC∞U° .…d∑≠ qØ ‰«b∂∑ßù« v∞« ÃU∑∫¢Ë W≤ULC∞« s± ‹«œU®¸ù«Ë `zUBM∞« ŸU∂¢« Âb´ s´ Z∑M¥ VD´ Í√ :UÎÅuBî , ‰ULF∑ßù« ¡uß s´ Z¢UM∞« VDF∞« Ë√ WI≠dL∞« tF{Ë Ë√ ,…b¥bA∞« ‹U±bB∞« ,ÎU{¸√ Z∑ML∞« ◊uIß ... ÊdH∞« w≠ .Êu∫B∞« W¥ö Ò § w≠ ¡UDG∞« qº¨ UN∞ w∑∞« …bO•u∞« WNπ∞« u≥ bL∑FL∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± Ê≈ .W≤ULC∞« …d∑≠ ‰öî W±bª∞« r¥bI¢ w≠ o• Ê«uM´ vK´ ‰uB∫K∞ ÁU≤œ√ sO∂LÔ∞« rÆd∞U° ‰UB¢ù« v§d¥ .bL∑FL∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± > > > > > > > > 96 AR XÆRL∞« nOEM¢ W≠Ò U§Ë WL´U≤ ‘ULÆ WFDÆ WDß«u° XÆRL∞« nEÒM¥Ô .XÆRL∞« nOEM∑∞ WD®UJ∞« Ë√ WƸU∫∞« œ«uL∞« qLF∑º¢ ô > > W‡‡‡‡±ö‡‡‡‡‡º‡‡‡‡∞« .WIKD±Ô W±öº° UNKL´ ÊULC∞ WLE≤√ …b´ ‹uØuØ uº∂OKØ w≠ d≠u∑¢ ‚ö¨ù« bM´ W±öº∞« qJ® - ¡UDG∞U° d®U∂± ‰UB¢« vK´ sOJH∞« ÊuJ¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ > b§u¥ t≤« wMF¥ p∞c≠ ,W∞U∫∞« w≥ Ác≥ sJ¢ r∞ «–≈Ë .13 sJL∑¢ s∞ jGC∞« …dπM© Ê√Ë jGC∞« d®R± ‰u• »dº¢ .jGC∞« ”U∂∑•≈ s± `∑H∞« bM´ W±öº∞« sJL¥ sK≠ ,jGC∞« q±U´ X∫¢ jGC∞« …dπM© X≤UØ «–« d®R± WDß«u° WKHI± WOJO≤UJOL∞« Ê_ ,`∑H∞« ¸“ qOFH¢ .jGC∞« pMJL¥ sJ∞Ë , …uI∞U° …dπMD∞« `∑≠ ‰ËU∫¢ ô ,W∞U∫∞« Ác≥ w≠ wH∑ª¥ Ê√ v∞« ¸UE∑≤ù«Ë lÆuL∞« v∞« wI∑ML∞« ‰u∫¢ Ê√ .UÎOzUN≤ jGC∞« lÆuL∞« w≠ ÊuJ¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ .jGC∞« d®R± lÆu± s± bØQ¢ .`∑H∞« WO≤UJ±ù wKHº∞« > > > jGC∞« s± «Îb¥e± œu§Ë bM´ W±öº∞« …UMÆ ‹bß Ô «–≈Ë ,qOGA¢ W∞U• w≠ Z∑ML∞« ÊuJ¥ U±bM´ > …œU¥e° ’Uª∞« W±öº∞« ÂUE≤ ‰u∫∑¥ ,¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ : WO∞U∑∞« ‰uK∫∞« v∞« jGC∞« √b∂¥Ë , ¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB∑° ÊU±_« ÂULÅ √b∂¥ : ‰Ë_« q±UF∞« > .20a qJ® - rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" X∫¢ s± »dº∑∞U° ¸Uª∂∞« ¡UDG∞« sO° s± »dº∑∞U° ¸Uª∂∞« √b∂¥ : w≤U∏∞« q±UF∞« > .20b qJ® - …dπMD∞«Ë : qLF∞« s´ q±«uF∞« Ác≥ b•√ nÆu¢ «–≈ qOGA∑∞« s´ ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« nÆË« > œd∂∑∞ jGC∞« …dπM© Ÿœ > jGC∞« …dπM© `∑≠« > ,¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ …UMÆ ,UÎHOE≤ qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ ÊQ° bØQ¢ > .»dº∑∞« lM± WIK• Ë ÊU±_« ÂULÅË 97 q¥œuL∞« Vº•* tHEÒ≤ : jGC∞« …dπM© vK´ Ê«u∞_« s± ÕeÆ ”uÆ b§u¥ .qO∑ß fK≤U∑ßù« nOEM∑° WÅUî …œU± WDß«u° Ë√ qª∞U° > UN≤UJ± w≠ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" l{u∞ )rJ∫∑∞« ‰ËœuL° WÅUª∞« …dIH∞« dE≤«( »dº∑∞« lM± WIK• VOØd¢ …œU´≈ ‹UIK• ‰«b∂∑ß« Vπ¥ .UÎ¥uMß »dº∑∞« l∑M± …dπM© ÷d´ v§d¥Ô ‰UHO¢ eØd± vK´ jGC∞« ‹«uMß dA´ bF° bL∑FL∞« .‰ULF∑ßù« s± rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" `∑H¢ ô .«Îb°√ qBH¢ Ê√ fM¢ ô .*XÆRL∞« …œU• …«œ√ Í√ qLF∑º¢ ô Ë√ nOEM∑K∞ W∂ÆU£ Ë√ .¸U∂∑îù«Ë bØQ∑K∞ q¥œuL∞« Vº•* l{Ë v∞« WOKLF∞« Ác≥ ÃU∑∫¢ ,qC≠√ W¥ƒ¸ s± sJL∑K∞ .15 qJ® - ÊU•u∑H± sOJH∞« :Í√ ,`∑H∞« WOF{Ë w≠ ¡UDG∞« UN≤UJ± ‹cª¢« bÆ WIK∫∞« ÊQ° bØQ¢,»dº∑∞« lM± ÊULC∞ UNF≠œË jGC∞U° 16 qJ® - ¡UDG∞« ·«d©√ qØ X∫¢ .¡UDG∞« W≠U• u∫≤ pF°UÅU° > > jGC∞« …dπM© s¥eª¢ bM´ `∂B¥ YO∫° ,…dπMD∞« vK´ VI´ vK´ UÎß√¸ ¡UDG∞« VKÆ« .17b qJ® Ë√ 17a qJ® - X°U£ l{Ë w≠ > rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" nOEM¢ .¡UDG∞« s´ "‰ËœuL∞«" qB≠« ¸Uª∂∞« Ãdª± Ê√ ¸UNM∞« ¡u{ w≠Ë …œdπL∞« sOF∞U° bØQ¢ sDÆ WDß«u° tHOEM¢ Vπ¥ ,«ÎœËbº± ÊUØ «–≈ .œËbº± dO¨ .18 qJ® - ¡UL∞« X∫¢ qºG¥Ô r£ ,sO≤–_« nOEM¢ .19 qJ® - ͸Uπ∞«¡UL∞« X∫¢ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" qº¨« .W∞uNº° „d∫∑∞« vK´ ¸œUÆ qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ Ê√ s± bØQ¢ wI∑ML∞« ÊuJ¥ Ê√ YO∫°( qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ WØd• s± bØQ¢ .13 qJ® ) Ë√ Ë√ lÆuL∞« w≠ W¥ö§ w≠ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" nOEM¢ ÎUC¥√ pMJL¥ .Êu∫B∞« UN≤UJ± w≠ W∂ØÒd± "‰ËœuL∞«" w≠ »dº∑∞« ‹UF≤U± Ê√ bØQ¢ .`O∫B∞« s± »dº¢ Àb∫¥ bÆ , WH∞U¢ »dº∑∞« lM± ‹UIK• X≤UØ «–≈ rLÅ bI∞ .jGC∞U° wND∞« WOKL´ ¡UM£√ "‰ËœuL∞«" X∫¢ Ë pH∞« WOKL´ qONº∑∞ Ác≥ »dº∑∞« ‹UF≤U± qJ® .bL∑FL∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± s± UNz«d® sJL¥ .VOØd∑∞« > > > > > v ita m i n > > > 98 AR Ãdª¥ ,WKOKÆ Ê«u£ …bL∞ n¥dB¢ …UMÆ s± ¸Uª∂∞« tÆu≠ „b¥ lC¢ ô :¸Uª∂∞« .«Îb°√ ÊuJ¥ ,ÍœUF∞« tFÆu± v∞« jGC∞« d®R± iHªM¥ U±bM´ .jGC∞« …dπM© s± ·dÒÅ Ô bÆ jGC∞« .jGC∞« …dπM© `∑≠ czbM´ pMJL¥ > > Ë√ jGC∞« …dπM© p¥d∫∑∞ WO∂≤Uπ∞« i°UIL∞« qLF∑ß« qL• Ë√ p¥d∫∑∞ ¡UDG∞« i∂I≤ «Îb°√ qLF∑º¢ ô . UNKL• .…dπMD∞« W‡‡≤U‡‡O‡‡B‡∞«Ë n‡‡E‡‡M‡‡∑∞« q∂Æ XÆRL∞« qB≠« .*jGC∞« …dπM© nOEM¢ w≠ UÎOÆU° ÂUFD∞« „d∑¢ ô . jGC∞« …dπM© Ë√ ,*XÆRL∞« lC¢ ô w≠ »dº∑∞« lM± WIK• .Êu∫B∞« W¥ö§ .‰ULF∑ß« qØ bF° jGC∞« …dπM© qº¨« nOEM∑° `BM≤ ,wDK∞ WK°UÆ i°UIL° …œËÒeL∞« ‹ö¥œuL∞« .wD∞« WOF{Ë w≠ i°UIL∞«Ë jGC∞« …dπM© s¥¸uKJ∞« qîb¥ w∑∞« œ«uL∞« Ë√ iOO∂∑∞« œ«u± qLF∑º¢ ô nK∑¢Ô œ«uL∞« Ác≥ Ê_ ,jGC∞« …dπM© nOEM∑∞ UN∂OØd¢ w≠ .qO∑ß fK≤U∑ßù« WO´u≤ > > > Êu∫B∞« W¥ö§ w≠ nOEM∑∞« . Êu∫B∞« W¥ö§ w≠ WKº∞«Ë …dπMD∞« nOEM¢ pMJL¥ W∞U• w≠ ,Êu∫B∞« W¥ö§ wÆ ¡UDG∞« l{Ë UÎC¥√ pMJL¥ .¡UDGK∞ WF°U∑∞« »dº∑K∞ WF≤UL∞« WIK∫∞«Ë tM± XÆRL∞« Ÿe≤ > > ÍËbO∞« nOEM∑∞« UδuIM± ¡UDG∞« „d∑¢ ô X∞«“U± «–√ ¡UL∞U° WD∂¢d± rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" .tO≠ .nOEM∑∞« qzUßË ¡v≠«b∞« ¡UL∞U° WKº∞«Ë …dπMD∞« qº¨« V≤Uπ∞« nOEM∑∞ WO≤bFL∞« ‹UπMHßù« ‰ULF∑ß« pMJL¥ .wKî«b∞« UNHE≤Ë ¡UDG∞« s´ »dº∑∞« lML∞ WO©UDL∞« WIK∫∞« qB≠« .nOEM∑∞« qzUß s± qOKI∞« l± ¡v≠«b∞« ¡UL∞U° qzUß Ë WπMHß« WDß«u° W¥¸U§ ¡U± X∫¢ ¡UDG∞« nE≤ .nOEM∑∞« .nOEM∑∞« bF° UαUL¢ nπO∞ ¡UDG∞« Ÿœ > > > > : …dπMD∞« dNE± dOG¢ «–≈ WÅUî …œUL° UNHOEM¢ sJL¥ :œuß_« ÊuK∞« UNOK´ «b° «–≈ W±bî eØd± w≠ …d≠u∑L∞« ,qO∑ß fK≤U∑ßùU° .bL∑FL∞«TEFAL 99 > q¥œuL∞« Vº•* wND∞« ¡UM£√ qJA° ÃËdª∞U° ¸Uª∂∞« √b∂¥ U±bM´ wKFH∞« wND∞« √b∂¥ iHî« .YOH∑M∞U° ’Uî rE∑M± ‹uÅ t∂•UB¥Ô rE∑M± .͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« w≠ …¸«d∫∞« Èu∑º± wºJF∞« bF∞« oKDM¥ ,XÆRL° …œÒËeL∞« ‹ö¥œuL∞« qL• pMJL¥ czbM´ .WO¢uÅ …¸U®≈ ‚ö©≈ l± ,UÎOJO¢U±u¢Ë√ .pF± XÆRL∞« ¸bBL∞« ¡vH©« ,W¥UNM∞« v∞« wND∞« XÆË qB¥ U±bM´ .͸«d∫∞« WO¢uÅ …¸U®≈ XÆRL∞« oKD¥Ô ,XÆRL° …œËÒeL∞« ‹ö¥œuL∞« ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« ¡vH©« .wND∞« XÆË ¡UN∑≤« sKF¢ .‹uB∞« ·UI¥ù )-( Ë√ )+( ¸e∞« vK´ jG{«Ë WDO∫∞« cî√ v§d¥Ô ¸Uª∂∞« ÊQ° ¸c∫∞«Ë .Ϋb§ ¸ÏU• b´UB∑L∞« n¥dB¢ Í√ XE•ô «–≈ ¡UM£√ jGCK∞ ÍœU´ dO¨ v∞« wI∑ML∞« l{ :b¥d∂∑∞« Ë√ lÆuL∞« n¥dB∑∞« WOKL´ b´√ r£ l± ,¡vD∂° WO≤U£ …d± jGC∞« Ê√ s± bØQ∑∞« ,wFO∂© qJA° hÆUM∑¥ v ita m i n > > dî¬ Z∑M± Í√ q∏LØ tK∏± W∂Æ«d± v§dÔ¥ ,wNDK∞ ‰U• w≠ wND∞« WOKL´ jGC∞« …dπM© ‰ULF∑ß« Ë√ ‰UH©_« s± »dI∞U° ÍË– s± ’Uª®_« .WÅUª∞« ‹U§UO∑•ù« > > wND∞« q∂Æ .*XÆRL∞« qB≠« ¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB∑∞ > p¥b∞ ÊuJOß ,qOGA∑∞« s´ ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« nOÆu¢ bF° : s¥¸UOî wI∑M±Ô „d• ,UÎ Oπ¥¸b¢ : ¸Uª∂K∞ ¡wD° n¥dB¢ > . lÆuL∞« v∞« jGC∞« : ¸Uª∂K∞ l¥dß n¥dB¢ UÎN§u± ,œ¸U∂∞« ¡UL∞« ¸u∂MÅ X∫¢ jGC∞« …dπM© l{ 14 qJ® - ¡UDG∞« s± WO≤bFL∞« ¡«e§_« u∫≤ ¡UL∞« q¥œuL∞« Vº•* > > > 100 AR V≤Uπ∞« w≠ ‹U±öF∞«/lI∂∞« iF° ¸uN™ : WE•ö± .ÊbFL∞« …œu§ w≠ d£R¥ ô jGC∞« …dπM© …b´UI∞ wKî«b∞« ,lI∂∞« Ác≥ W∞«“ù .fKJ∞« ‹U∂ßd¢ iF° WπO∑≤ uN≠ iO°_« qª∞« s± qOKI∞« Ë WO≤bF± ‹UπMHß« qLF∑ß« .nHªLÔ∞« > ‰U‡‡L‡F∑‡‡‡‡‡ßù« v∞« jGC∞« …dπM© Âd°« `∂B¥ YO∫° p∑O•U≤ w≠ d¥d∫∑∞« ¸“ .p∑N§«u± wND∞« q∂Æ qJA° X∂∏± rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" Ê√ bØQ¢ ,‰ULF∑ß≈ qØ q∂Æ pMJL¥ ;)ÂUJ•S° WKHI± XO∂∏∑∞« W∞u±UÅ( `O∫Å .d±_« Âe∞ «–≈ UNKHÆ ÂUJ•ù WO≤bF± œuI≤ WFDÆ ‰ULF∑ß« w≠ wI∑ML∞«( qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ ÊQ° bØQ¢ ‰ULF∑ß« qØ q∂Æ ÊU±_« ÂULÅ Ê√Ë ) Ë√ Ë√ lÆuL∞« .13 qJ® W∞uNº° „d∫∑¥ ¡UDG∞« qî«œ ¡UDG∞« oK¨« .WHÅu∞« Áœb∫¢ Íc∞« lÆuL∞« vK´ Z±«d∂∞« wI∑M± j∂{« .*»uKDL∞« wND∞« XÆË vK´ XÆRL∞« j∂{« vK´√ vK´ ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« vK´ jGC∞« …dπM© l{ .…¸«d∫K∞ Èu∑º± n¥dB¢ …UMÆ s± ¸Uª∂∞« ÃËdî WE•ö± «Îb§ wFO∂D∞« s± UÎC¥√ dNE¢ bÆË . jGC∞« ‰bF± lH¢d¥ Ê√ q∂Æ ¸Uª∂∞« .jGC∞« d® Ò R± ‰u• ¡UL∞« ‹«dDÆ iF° …dπM© `∑≠ pMJL¥ s∞ ,jGC∞« d®R± „d∫∑¥ Ê√ œdπL° .jGC∞« > > v ita m i n «–≈ ¡UDG∞« qLF∑º¢ ô vK´ jGC∞« wI∑M± ÊUØ ÊUØ «–≈Ë lÆuL∞« w≠ ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« .qOGA¢ W∞Uî 101 > > > > > > q¥œuL∞« Vº•* *wDK∞ WK°UI∞« i°UIL∞« i°UIL∞« w© ‰ËU∫¢ ô ¸“ vK´ jGC∞« ÊËœ .d¥d∫∑∞« jGC∞« …dπM© lC¢ ô ͸«d• ¸bB± Í√ vK´ i°UIL∞« X≤UØ «–≈ 12 qJ® - W¥uD± .i°UIL∞« s´ ‹UIBKL∞« Ÿe≤« ,‰ULF∑ßù« q∂Æ i°UIL∞« w© …œU´ù 11 qJ® - i∂IL∞« d¥d∫¢ ¸“ vK´ jG{≈ > …dπM© s¥eª¢ bM´ jI≠ qLF∑º¥Ô "i°UIL∞« w©" lÆu± .jGC∞« > wKOGA∑∞« ULNF{Ë w≠ i°UIL∞« l{u∞ w≠ dI∑º¢Ë "pOKØ" ‹uÅ lLº¢ Ê√ v∞« i°UIL∞« l≠¸« .UNF{u± > jGC∞« …dπM© ‰ULF∑ß« v∞Ë_« …dLK∞ v∞« jGC∞« …dπM© Âd°« `∂B¥ YO∫° p∑O•U≤ w≠ d¥d∫∑∞« ¸“ .p∑N§«u± q¥œuL∞« Vº•* .¡UL∞U° )2/3( sO∏K∏∞« v∞« jGC∞« …dπM© ú±≈ .jGC∞« …dπM© vK´ ¡UDG∞« oK¨« . lÆuL∞« vK´ wI∑ML∞« l{ W§¸œ vK´ ͸«d• ¸bB± vK´ jGC∞« …dπM© l{ .ÈuBI∞« …¸«d∫∞« XÆRL∞« …dI≠ dE≤«( WIOÆœ 15 vK´ XÆRL∞« j∂{« .*)w≤Ëd∑J∞ù« ,¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ …UMÆ s± ÃËdª∞U° ¸Uª∂∞« √b∂¥ U±bM´ .͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« …¸«d• W§¸œ nHî .WIOÆœ 15 vDF¢Ô ,XÆRL° WI≠d±Ô dOG∞« ‹ö¥œuL∞« .͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« ¡vH©« WIOÆœ 15 bF° .*XÆRL∞« qB≠« . lÆuL∞« v∞« jGC∞« wI∑M±Ô „d• ,UÎ Oπ¥¸b∑ ,¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ …UMÆ s± ¸Uª∂∞« ÃËdî wN∑M¥ U±bM´ . jGC∞« …dπM© `∑≠« ,jGC∞« d® Ò R± iHªM¥Ë .t∑K±U• s´ XÆÒRL∞« qB≠« .UNHH§ r£ ͸Uπ∞« ¡UL∞« X∫¢ jGC∞« …dπM© qº¨« .nOEM∑∞« qzUßË ¡v≠«b∞« ¡UL∞U° WKÒº∞« nEÒ≤ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 102 AR : WO∞U∑∞« ‹ôU∫∞« pN§«u¢ bÆ XÆRL∞« √b° «–≈Ë WLE∑M± WO¢uÅ ‹«¸U®≈ lLº¢ ‹√b° «–≈ > w≠ qÅ Ò u¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ XÆRL∞« Ê√ wMF¥ p∞– ,iO±u∞U° .dNE¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ )OK( e±d∞« Ê√Ë ."‰ËœuL∞«" bF° t∞ULF∑ß« b¥d¢ ô pMJ∞Ë , XÆRL∞« Wπ±d° XL¢ bI∞ > W´Uß bF° UÎOJO¢U±u¢Ë√ jGC∞« …dπM© nÆu∑¢ :Êü« )+( s¥¸e∞« vK´ jGC∞U° UÎ¥Ëb¥ UN≠UI¥≈ pMJL¥ Ë√ …b•«Ë .XÆu∞« fHM° )-( Ë W´dº° VDF¥Ô Ê√ sJL¥Ë ,WßUº• WO≤Ëd∑J∞« …«œ√ XÆRL∞« > . jGCK∞ W∑®U® X{dF¢ «–≈ Ë√ ,UÎ{¸√ jIß «–≈ W¥¸UD∂∞« ‰«b∂∑ß« Í√ vK´Ë .XÆRL∞« ‰ULF∑ß« Vº∫° W¥¸UD∂∞« dL´ bL∑F¥ Õu{Ë Âb´ k•ö¢ U±bM´ W¥¸UD∂∞« ‰«b∂∑ß« pMJL¥ ,‰U• .W®UA∞« w≠ wze§ W¥¸UD∂∞« W∞«“≈ v§d¥Ô .WµO∂∞« W¥UL• w≠ pM± WL≥Uº± > sJ∞Ë ,‰eML∞« w≠ ‹öLNL∞« WKß w≠ UNO±d¢ ô .WL¥bI∞« W¥¸UD∂∞« WO´u≤ Ê≈ .‹U¥UHMK∞ w≤bL∞« eØdL∞« Èb∞ UN´œË√ vK´ Íu∑∫¢Ë .s¥ôUJ∞« eOMG≤U± W¥¸UD° w≥ XÆRL∞« w≠ .WKB∞« ‹«– WO°Ë¸Ë_« sO≤«uIK∞ lCª¢Ë ,o∂ze∞« s± WOLØ LR 54 : l§d± XÆRLK∞ W¥¸UD° vK´ ‰uB∫∞« sJL¥ > .bL∑F±Ô W±bî eØd± WDß«u° XÆRL∞« w≠ VØd¢Ô (1131) u≥ XLØ …dOπ∫∞« ¡UD¨ `∑≠« , XÆRL∞« s´ W¥¸UD∂∞« qBH∞ .q°UIL∞« rßd∞« w≠ `{u± w≠ …uI∞« qLF∑º¢ ô , o≠d° W¥¸UD∂∞« …dOπ• ¡UD¨ oK¨« .q°UIL∞« rßd∞« w≠ `{u± u≥ ULØ ‹U±öF∞« Vº• tÆö¨≈ > > W‡‡±U‡‡‡≥ `zUB≤ .…uI∞U° W¥¸UD∂∞« …dOπ• ¡UD¨ oKG¢Ô ô s± b¥b§ XÆR± vK´ ‰uB∫∞« pMJL¥ ,XÆRL∞« ‹bI≠ «–≈ .bL∑FLÔ∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØd± 103 Hg > > ,¡UL∞U° XÆRL∞« dLG¢ ô W¥ö§ w≠ tFC¢ ôË .Êu∫B∞« q¥œuL∞« Vº•* *w≤Ëd∑J∞ù« XÆRL∞« qB¥ U±bM´ wND∞« XÆË UÎOJO¢U±u¢Ë√ qπº¥Ô XÆRL° "‰Ëd∑MØ uº∂OKØ" jGC∞« …dπM© ‹œËÒ“Ô . jGC∞« wI∑M± lÆu± vK´ »uº∫L∞« …¸«d∫∞« Èu∑ºL *XÆRL∞« ‰ULF∑ß« Wπ±d∂±Ô wND∞« ‹UÆË√ ozUÆb∞U° nÆu¢ Ê√ fM¢ ô s´ ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« √b∂¥ U±bM´ qOGA∑∞« dL∑ºL∞« ÃËdª∞« n¥dB¢ …UMÆ s± ¸Uª∂K∞ .¸Uª∂∞« uº∂OKØ" …dπM© Ê√ UNMJL¥ "‰Ëd∑MØ UÎC¥√ XÆR± ÊËb° qLF¢ q¥œuL∞« Vº•* 8 qJ® - XÆRL∞« VØÒ¸ .)-( Ë√ )+( ¸“ vK´ jG{« ,XÆRL∞« qOGA∑∞ ¸“ vK´ jG{« )WIOÆœ 59 vBÆ√ b•( wND∞« XÆË j∂C∞ 9 qJ® - )-( Ë√ )+( .XÆu∞« ÷d´ l¥dº∑∞ ¸e∞« vK´ jGC∞U° dL∑ß« WI≠«uL∞« d®RL∞« ÷dF¥ ,wND∞« XÆË j∂{ r∑¥ U±bM´ .Ê«u£ lC° bF° ÷dF∞« W®U® vK´ )OK( jGC∞« Èu∑º± ‰uÅË œdπL° tKL´ XÆRL∞« √b∂¥ oKD¥ÔË .tKOGA∑° `Lº¥ Íc∞« b∫∞« v∞« …¸«d∫∞« Èu∑º±Ë - qOGA∑∞« ¡b∂° UÎ≤«c¥≈ WO¢uB∞« ‹«¸U®ù« s± W´uLπ± > > > > > > 10 qJ® s´ XÆRL∞« qB≠ czbM´ pMJL¥ wºJF∞« bF∞« √b∂¥ U±bM´ .jGC∞« …dπM© …UMÆ s± ¸Uª∂∞« ÃËdª° WD∂¢d± dO¨ XÆRL∞« WÆöD≤« w≠ œu§uL∞« ÂUFD∞« WOLØ Vº• :¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ XÆRL∞« ,qLF∑ºL∞« ͸«d∫∞« ¸bBL∞« Vº•Ë …dπMD∞« .¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ √b∂¥ Ê√ q∂Æ √b∂¥ Í√ w≠ XÆRL∞« vK´ tÅUI≤≈ Ë√ wND∞« XÆË …œU¥“ pMJL¥ ¸“ vK´ jGC∞U° p∞–Ë ,wºJF∞« bF∞« ¡UM£√ v∑• ,XÆË .’UI≤û∞ )-( Ë√ …œU¥eK∞ )+( ,wºJF∞« bF∞« wN∑M¥ U±bM´ : wND∞« WOKL´ ¡UN∑≤« bM´ ·UI¥ù .QHD¥ÔË ,WO¢uÅ …¸U®≈ XÆRL∞« s´ ¸bB¥ ·uß Ë√ )+( s¥¸e∞« b•√ vK´ jG{« , WO¢uB∞« …¸U®ù« Ác≥ .…b•«Ë …d± )-( .UÎOJO¢U±u¢Ë√ XÆRL∞« QHD¥Ô r£ Ád¥d∫∑∞ XÆRL∞« W±bI± vK´ jG{« : XÆRL∞« qB≠ .tF≠¸ > > > > > > 104 AR *¸Uª∂∞«/sO±U∑OH∞« WKÒß ‰ULF∑ß« ¸Uª∂∞« vK´ wNDK∞ Vº• ¸Uª∂K∞ )2( ÊU∑Kß Ë√ )1( WKÒß p¥b∞ ÊuJ¥ ·uß .p¥b∞ Íc∞« q¥œuL∞« 6 qJ® - Wπ±bL∞« WKº∞« ‹U±U´œ vK´ ¸Uª∂∞« WKÒß l{ > .jGC∞« …dπM© w≠ ¡UL∞« s± d∑K∑Mß 75 VJß« > w≠ œu§uL∞« ÂUFD∞« Ê√ Vπ¥ , ¸Uª∂∞« WKÒß . ¡UDG∞« f±ö¥ ô ‹U±U´b∞« s± sOHÒB° …œËÒeL∞« ‹ö¥œuLK∞ …dπMD∞« dFÆ w≠ ÂUFD∞« wN© XÆu∞« fH≤ w≠ pMJL¥ WKÒß ÊuJ¢Ë ,qz«uº∞« s± d∑KK± 250 s´ qI¢ ô WOLJ° .‹U±U´b∞« vK´ ¸Uª∂∞« l{Ë UÎC¥√ pMJL¥ ,¸Uª°/sO±U∑O≠ :ÊU∑KÒß p¥b∞ X≤UØ «–≈ sO∑Kß ‰ULF∑ßU° ¸Uª∂∞« vK´ wNDK∞ ÂUFD∞« s± sO∑I∂© .XÆu∞« fH≤ w≠ Î OKÆ UN∑∞U±S° wKHº∞« Èu∑ºL∞« vK´ v∞Ë_« WKº∞« l{ ö .UN∂≤U§ vK´ .ÍuKF∞« Èu∑ºL∞« vK´ WO≤U∏∞« WKº∞« l{ r£ > > > > jGC∞« wI∑M± ‰ULF∑ß« v∞« jGC∞« …dπM© Âd°« `∂B¥ YO∫° p∑O•U≤ w≠ d¥d∫∑∞« ¸“ .p∑N§«u± bM´ «Îb§ ¸U• ¸Uîb∞« ÂULÅ s± t§Ëdî .qOGA∑∞« ¸bBL∞« nOÆu¢ Vπ¥ qOGA∑∞« s´ ͸«d∫∞« w≠ wI∑ML∞« ÊuJ¥ U±bM´ . lÆuL∞« s´ XÆRL∞« qB≠« l{Ë q∂Æ ¡UDG∞« ¡UL∞« X∫¢ ¡UDG∞« ͸Uπ∞« 105 w≠ ‹UMO±U∑OH∞« s± sJL± ¸bÆ d∂Ø√ vK´ WE≠U∫LK∞ uNDL∞« ÂUFD∞« Ë√ vK´ wI∑ML∞« l{ > v ita m i n „ULß_«Ë Âu∫K∞« wND∞ vK´ wI∑ML∞« l{ > 7 qJ® ¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB∑∞ …dπMD∞« s´ XÆRL∞« qB≠« > lÆuL∞« v∞« jGC∞« wI∑M±Ô „d• ,UÎOπ¥¸b∑ > Èdπ± X∫¢ …dπMD∞« l{u° ¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ UÎC¥« pMJL¥ .…œ¸U° ÁUO± .¡UDG∞« w≠ WO≤bFL∞« ¡«e§_« vK´ ¡UL∞« ¸UO¢ t§ Ò Ë q¥œuL∞« Vº•* :¡UDG∞« vK´ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" VOØd∑∞ ÂbF° ’d∫∞« l± ,¡UDG∞« vK´ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" l{ > l± b•«Ë jî vK´ tKF§Ë ,d¥d∫∑∞« ¸“ vK´ jGC∞« .¡UDG∞« w≠ …œu§uL∞« ‹U∫∑H∞« t∑O∂∏¢Ë ,¡UDG∞« vK´ "‰ËœuL∞U°" pºL¢Ô ULMO° lOLπ∞« VKÆ« > .WO≤bF± œuI≤ WFDÆ ‰ULF∑ßU° XO∂∏∑∞« v¨d∂° .jI≠ …b•«Ë WI¥dD° r∑¥ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" VOØd¢ v≤œ_« b∫∞« w≠ Wµ∂F∑∞« : …dπMD∞« w≠ …d®U∂±Ô wNDK∞ ô WOLØ …dπMD∞« w≠ b§u¥ t≤√ UÎLz«œ bØQ¢ : v≤œ_« b∫∞« > .4 qJ® - qz«uº∞« s± )ÊU°uØ( d∑KK± 250 s´ qI¢ ¸Uª∂∞« vK´ wNDK∞ . …dπMD∞« dFÆ w≠ ¡UL∞« s± d∑K∑Mß 75 VJº¥Ô > w≠ Wπ±bL∞« ‹U±U´b∞« vK´ ¸Uª∂∞«/sO±U∑OH∞« WKß l{u¢ > …dπMD∞« V≤«u§ AR vBÆ_« b∫∞« w≠ Wµ∂F∑∞« s± )2/3( sO∏K∏∞« ‰bF±Ô ‚u≠ jGC∞« …dπM© úL¢ ô 5 qJ® - UN´UH¢¸≈ > ÂUFD∞« Ÿ«u≤√ iF∂∞ ¸UCª Ô ∞« ,“¸_« q∏± ,wND∞« ¡UM£√ œbL∑¥ Íc∞« ÂUFDK∞ W∂ºM∞U° úL¢ ö≠ ...,)dJº∞U° Wîu∂DL∞« WNØUH∞«( ‹u∂LJ∞« Ë√ WHHπLÔ∞« .UN´UH¢¸≈ nB≤ s± d∏ØQ° jGC∞« …dπM© > w≠ qz«uß œu§Ë ÊËœ jGC∞« …dπM© sOªº¢ r¢ «–≈ : UNKî«œ ÁbL∑F¢ W±bî eØd± vK´ jGC∞« …dπM© ÷d´ v§dÔ¥ TEFAL q¥œuL∞« Vº•* > 106 `‡‡‡‡∑‡‡H‡∞« ¡UDG∞« `∑H¥Ô XÆË Í√ w≠ ÊuJ¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ , qHI¥Ô Ë√ UÎ∑∂∏± rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" .¡UDG∞« vK´ ;¡UDG∞« i∂I± V≤U§ vK´ )E( `∑H∞« ¸“ vK´ jG{« 1 qJ® - sOJH∞« ¸d∫Oß p∞– ¡UDG∞« l≠¸« > > ‚ö‡‡‡‡‡¨ù« cîQ¥ t≤Q° bØQ∑∞« l± ,jGC∞« …dπM© ‚u≠ ¡UDG∞« l{ > .UNOK´ `O∫B∞« tF{u± 2 qJ® - ‰UHÆù« ¸“ vK´ jG{« > .t∞UHÆ≈ ¡UM£√ UÎ¥dz«œ ¡UDG∞« „d∫∑¥ Ê√ WO≤UJ±≈ wFO∂D∞« s± > ¡UDG∞« ·«d©√ vK´ sOJÒH∞« i∂I¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ > : ¡UDG∞« ‰UHÆ≈ ÊUJ±ùU° sJ¥ r∞ «–≈ VOØd¢ q∂Æ b• vBÆ√ v∞« ÊU•u∑H± sOJH∞« ÊQ° bØQ¢ > .…dπMD∞« vK´ ¡UDG∞« .`O∫B∞« UN≤UJ± cîQ¢ »dº∑∞« lM± WIK• ÊQ° bØQ¢ > sOJH∞« ÊuJ¥ Ê√ Vπ¥ W≠U• vK´ sODº∂M± 3 qJ® - ¡UDG∞« rJ∫∑∞« ‰Ëœu± .W¥UGK∞ WKNß WOKL´ jGC∞« …dπM© nOEM¢ WOKL´ ÊuJ¢ wJ∞ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" rLÅ l{Ë czbM´ sJL¥ ,*XÆRL∞«Ë ¡UDG∞« …œ«bß qB≠ œdÒπL° > .nOEM∑K∞ Êu∫B∞« W¥ö§ w≠ ¡UDG∞«Ë …dπMD∞« `O∑¢ w∑∞« ¡«e§_« lOL§ vK´ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" Èu∑∫¥ > vK´ t∂OØd¢ œdÒπL°Ë .UNHzU™u° ÂUOI∞« jGC∞« …dπMD∞ .‰ULF∑ßû∞ …e≥U§ jGC∞« …dπM© `∂B¢Ô ,¡UDG∞« .t∞UHÆ≈ ¡UM£√ UÎ¥dz«œ ¡UDG∞« „d∫∑¥ Ê√ wFO∂D∞« s± > :¡UDG∞« s´ rJ∫∑∞« "‰Ëœu±" qBH∞ .XÆRL∞« qB≠« > VI´ vK´ Uß√¸ ¡UDG∞« VKÆ« > œuI≤ WFDÆ WDß«u° "‰ËœuL∞«" pºL¥Ô Íc∞« w¨d∂∞« p≠ > .Èdî_« bO∞U° "‰ËœuL∞«" pºL¢Ô ULMO° ,WO≤bF± 107 q¥œuL∞« Vº•* WI≠«u∑L∞« W¥¸«d∫∞« ¸œUBL∞« “U¨ jGC∞« …dπM© lC¢ ô ͸«d• ¸bB± Í√ ‚u≠ p∞– Ê_ ,W¨¸U≠ X≤UØ «–≈ .UN°UD´≈ v∞≈ ÍœRß ‰U‡‡H‡O‡¢ W•u∞ sOªº¢ pO±«dOß Ë√ sO§uKO≥ Ò • Y ÊUªß wzU°dNØ vK´ ‰ULF∑ßû∞ W∂ßUM± qO∑ß fK≤U∑ßù« ‹ö¥œu± > .WOÒ∏∫∞« UNO≠ UL° W¥¸«d∫∞« ¸œUBL∞« lOL§ ÊUª Ò º∞« Ë√ ,wzU°dNJ∞« ÊUª Ò º∞« vK´ ‰ULF∑ßù« bM´ > Ë√ ËUº± sOªº∑∞« W•u∞ dDÆ ÊQ° bØQ∑∞« v§d¥ ,w∏Ò ∫∞« . jGC∞« …dπM© …b´UÆ s´ ö Î OKÆ dGÅ√ ÊuJ¥ Ê√ vK´ ’d∫∞« v§d¥Ô ,pO±«dOº∞« ÊUªß vK´ > .UαUL¢ UÎHOE≤ Ë UÎ≠Ò U§ ¸bI∞« dFÆ …dz«œ øUî VNK∞« ÊuJ¥ ô Ê√ Vπ¥ ,“UG∞« bÆ«u± vK´ > . jGC∞« …dπM© …b´UÆ jGC∞« …dπM© Ê√ bØQ¢ ,W¥¸«d∫∞« ¸œUBL∞« lOL§ vK´ > .jßu∞« w≠ XF{Ë bÆ ¸UO¨ lDÆ : W¥¸Uπ∑∞« ‹ö∫L∞« w≠ …dÒ≠u∑± , WO∞U∑∞« ‹UI∫KLÔ∞« > l§dL∞« x1010001 x1010002 x1030001 x1030002 792185 980513 x1050005 x1060001 ‹U‡‡‡‡‡I∫KLÔ∞« d∑∞ 6/4 d∑∞ 10/8/4,5 d∑∞ 6/4,5 d∑∞ 10/8 d∑∞ 6/4,5 d∑∞ 10/8 d∑∞ 8/6 »dº∑∞« lML∞ WO©UDÒ± WIK• *sO±U∑OH∞« WKÒß *¸Uª∂∞« WKÒß *ÍuDK∞ WK°UÆ i°UI± X‡‡‡‡‡ÆR‡‡‡‡± ‰UB¢ù« v§d¥Ô , ¸UOG∞« lDÆ ‰«b∂∑ß« Ë√ `OKB∑∞« ‹UOKLF∞ > .bL∑FLÔ∞« wK∫L∞« ‰UHO¢ W±bî eØdL° . p¥b∞ Íc∞« Z∑ML∞« «cN∞ WOKÅ_« ‰UHO¢ ¸UO¨ lDÆ jI≠ qLF∑ß≈ > q¥œuL∞« Vº•* 108 AR WO∫O{u¢ Âu߸ *X°U∏∞« …dπMD∞« i∂I± ‡‡ M WKºK∞ Wπ±b± ‹UO±U´œ ‡‡ N qO∑ß fK≤U∑ßù« s± …dπM© ‡‡ O *i∂IL∞« d¥d∫¢ ¸“ ‡‡ P wDK∞ WK°UÆ i°UI± ‡‡ Q ¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ …UMÆ ‡‡ R jGC∞« Èu∑ºL∞ d® Ò R± ‡‡ S qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ …œ«bß ‡‡ T qOGA∑∞« ÂULÅ ‡‡ U ‰ËœuLK∞ XO∂∏∑∞« w¨d°Ô ‡‡ V ÊU±√ ÂULÅ ‡‡ W ‹UHÅ«uL∞« *XÆR± ‡‡ A ‚ö¨ù« ¸“ ‡‡ B jGC∞« …dπM© ¡UD¨ i∂I± ‡‡ C Z±«d∂∞« wI∑M±Ô ‡‡ D `∑H∞« ¸“ ‡‡ E rJ∫∑∞« W•u∞ ‡‡ F sOJÒ≠ ‡‡ G qO∑ß fK≤U∑ßù« s± ¡UD¨ ‡‡ H ‰ËœuL∞« XO∂∏¢ W∞u±UÅ ‡‡ I ¡UDGK∞ »dº∑∞« lML∞ WO©UDÒ± WIK• ‡‡ J *sO±U∑OH∞« WKÒß ‡‡ K *¸Uª∂∞« WKÒß ‡‡ L jGC∞« …dπM© w≠ …b´UI∞« dDÆ q¥œuL∞« uº∂OKØ u∞Ëœu± uº∂OKØ ‰Ëd∑MØ uº∂OKØ ‰Ëd∑MØ uº∂OKØ - - P41006 P41306 P41007 - P40807 P41107 - - P41012 - P40414 P41114 P41014 - P40815 P41115 P41015 - qJON∞« Ÿu≤ …b´UI∞« wKî«b∞« ¡UDG∞«Ë dDI∞« Ë√ dDI∞« Ë√ fK≤U∑ß« qO∑ß fK≤U∑ß« qO∑ß fK≤U∑ß« qO∑ß fK≤U∑ß« qO∑ß fK≤U∑ß« qO∑ß WFº∞« WO∞UL§ù« r∑Mß 18 r∑Mß 22 *d∑∞ 5,3 d∑∞ 4,5 r∑Mß 18 r∑Mß 22 *d∑∞ 6,8 d∑∞ 6 r∑Mß 20 r∑Mß 25 - d∑∞ 4,5 r∑Mß 20 r∑Mß 25 *d∑∞ 9,4 d∑∞ 8 r∑Mß 20 r∑Mß 25 *d∑∞ 11,4 d∑∞ 10 tFÆu± w≠ ¡UDG∞«Ë Z∑MLÔ∞« WFß* :WOMI¢ ‹U±uKF± ‰UJßU° uKOØ 80 : qOGA∑∞« bM´ ¸Uª∂∞« jGC∞ vBÆ_« b∫∞« ‰UJßU° 140 : ÊU±_« œËb• sL{ vBÆ_« b∫∞« 109 q¥œuL∞« Vº•* W±öºK∞ W±ÒU≥ ‹«œU®¸≈ -:‰uFHL∞« W¥¸Uº∞« sO≤«uI∞«Ë dO¥UFLK∞ Z∑ML∞« «c≥ lCª¥ ,p∑±öß q§√ s± jGC∞U° qLF¢ w∑∞« …eN§_U° WIKF∑L∞« sO≤«uI∞« .ÂUFD∞U° …d®U∂± WKÅ UN∞ w∑∞« œ«uL∞« sO≤«uÆ .WµO∂∞« sO≤«uÆ . jI≠ w∞eML∞« ‰ULF∑ßû∞ Z∑ML∞« «c≥ rLÒÅ Ô > ."‰ULF∑ßù« ‹«œU®¸≈" v∞« ‰uÒ∫¢ r£ ‹ULOKF∑∞« lOL§ …¡«dI∞ w≠UJ∞« XÆu∞« cî > s± »dI∞U° jGC∞« …dπM© ‰ULF∑ß« ‰U• w≠ wND∞« WOKL´ W∂Æ«d± v§d¥Ô ,wNDK∞ dî¬ Z∑M± Í√ q∏LØ tK∏± > .WÅUª∞« ‹U§UO∑•ù« ÍË– s± ’Uª®_« Ë√ ‰UH©_« . sîUß Êd≠ qî«œ jGC∞« …dπM© lC¢ ô > fLK¢ ô .UN≤UJ± s± UNKI≤ bM´ b¥bA∞« ¸c∫∞« wîu¢ v§d¥ ,qOGA∑∞« W∞U• w≠ jGC∞« …dπM© ÊuJ¢ U±bM´ > ULØ ,¡UDG∞« i∂I± Ë i°UIL∞« ‰ULF∑ß« v§dÔ¥ .)WO≤bFL∞« ¡«e§_« hî_U°Ë( UNM± WMîUº∞« `Dß_« .UÎ¥¸Ëd{ p∞– ÊUØ Ê≈ ‹«“UHI∞« l{Ë v§d¥ .tK§ù XLLÅ Íc∞« dO¨ dî¬ ‰ULF∑ß« Í√ w≠ jGC∞« …dπM© qLF∑º¢ ô > bØQ¢ .W∫O∫Å WI¥dD° qLF∑º¢Ô r∞ Ê≈ ‚Ëd∫∞« p∞ V∂º¢Ô bÆ UNMJ∞Ë .jGC∞U° qLF¢ p¥b∞ jGC∞« …dπM© Ê≈ > .)"‰UHÆù« - `∑H∞« …dI≠ WF§«d±Ô v§d¥Ô( .UNMOªº∑° ¡b∂∞« q∂Æ ‰UHÆù« WLJ∫±Ô jGC∞« …dπM© Ê√ UÎLz«œ WF§«d±Ô v§d¥Ô .UÎ¥œU´ `∂Å√ UNKî«b° jGC∞« ÊQ° ôÎË√ bØQ¢ .…uI∞U° jGC∞« …dπM© `∑≠ ‰ËU∫¢ ô > ."W±öº∞«" …dI≠ œu§Ë s± UÎLz«œ bØÒQ¢ .dO∂Ø VD´ p∞– s´ Z∑M¥ bI≠ UNKî«b° qz«uß ÊËœ «Îb°√ jGC∞« …dπM© qLF∑º¢ ô > .wND∞« ¡UM£√ qz«uº∞« s± WO≠UØ WOÒLØ .Z∑ML∞« l± WI≠«u∑± W¥¸«d• ¸œUB± qLF∑ß« > .)vBÆ_« b∫∞« W±ö´( UNLπ• )2/3( w∏K£ s± d∏ØQ° jGC∞« …dπM© úL¢ ô > .UN∂OØd¢ w≠ ÊU∂∞_« qîb¢ œ«u± jGC∞« …dπM© w≠ uND¢ ô > Wîu∂DL∞« WNØUH∞«( ‹u∂LJ∞« Ë√ WHHπÔL∞« ¸UCÔª∞« ,“¸_« q∏± ,wND∞« ¡UM£√ œbL∑¥ Íc∞« ÂUFDK∞ W∂ºM∞U° > .UNHB≤ s± d∏ØQ° jGC∞« …dπM© úL¢ ö≠ ,)dJº∞U° Vπ¥ , jGCK∞ UN{dF¢ ¡UM£√ aH∑M¢ bÆ w∑∞«Ë ,)qπF∞« ÊUº∞ q∏±( WO§¸Uª∞« …bKπ∞« ‹«– Âu∫K∞« wN© bF° > s± UN§«dî≈ q∂Æ ÎöOKÆ ¸UE∑≤ù« Vπ¥ ,Wπ{U≤ …bKπ∞« ‹b° «–≈Ë ,wND∞« ¡UN∑≤« bM´ .wND∞« q∂Æ UN∂I£ .qz«uß Ë ¸Uª° s± UNO≠ UL° ‚d∫K∞ ÷dF∑¢ bI≠ ,UN∂I£ lOßu¢ ‰ËU∫¢ ôË , jGC∞« …dπM© q∂Æ o≠d° jFC∞« …dπM© Òe≥ Vπ¥ )U≥dO¨Ë ‰uH∞« ,hL∫∞« q∏±( »u∂∫∞« s± ÂUFD∞« Ÿ«u≤√ wN© bM´ > .øUª∞« v∞« uHD¥ s∞ ÂUFD∞« Ê√ s± bØQ∑K∞ UN∫∑≠ WF§«dÔ± v§dÔ¥ .‰ULF∑ßù« q∂Æ ÊUJ∞UßË ÊUHOE≤ ÊU±_« ÂUÒLÅ Ë qOGA∑∞« ÂUÒLÅ Ê√ ÎULz«œ bØQ¢ > ."wND∞« q∂Æ" …dI≠ .X¥e∞« ‰ULF∑ßU° jGC∞« X∫¢ wKIK∞ jGC∞« …dπM© qLF∑º¢ ô > .WI≠dL∞« ‹«œU®¸ù« Vº∫° W≤UOB∞«Ë nOEM∑∞« «b´ U± ,tºH≤ ¡UIK¢ s± qLF¥ W±öº∞« ÂUE≤ Ÿœ > …dπM© ¡UD¨ Ë qJO≥ ’Uî qJA° wMF¥ p∞– .„bM´ Íc∞« q¥œuLK∞ WOKÅ_« ‰UHO¢ ¸UO¨ lDÆ jI≠ qLF∑ß« > .WOKÅ_« jGC∞« .wND∞« bF°Ë q∂Æ i±U∫∞« Ë√ `∞UL∞« ÂUFD∞« UNO≠ ÊeÒª∑∞ jGC∞« …dπM© Âbª∑º¢ ô > .¡UDG∞« `∑≠ q∂Æ ¸Uª∂∞« n¥dB¢ lÆu± w≠ jGC∞« rOEM¢ ÂULÒÅ Ê√ UÎLz«œ bØQ¢ > .W¥uD± UNC°UI± ÊdJ¢ U±bM´ ͸«d• ¸bB± vK´ jGC∞« …dπM© lC¢ ô > ‹«œU‡‡‡‡®¸ù« Ác‡‡N‡° ÿU‡‡H‡∑•ù« v§d‡¥Ô q¥œuL∞« Vº•* 110 AR