Dolomite Catalogue

Transcript

www.dolomite-microfluidics.com microfluidics Dolomite l Innovators in microfluidic solutions microfluidics guide full product catalogue Innovators in microfluidic solutions Contents Welcome 3 History 4 Company overview 6 Microfluidics: design 8 Microfluidics: system integration 9 Microfluidics: overview 10 Microfluidics: micro-fabrication 12 How to get started 14 Products and services 20 Standard Component Solutions 22 Microfluidic Chips 24 Multiflux™ Connectors 38 Microfluidic Pumps 62 Microfluidic Sensors 80 Microfluidic Valves 84 Temperature Control 88 Flow Accessories 90 Optical Systems 92 System Solutions 94 94 Custom Devices 100 Productizing Science 108 Case Studies 1 1 8 New Technologies 128 Reference Guide 130 Notes 134 Technical Support 136 Micro Droplet Systems www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 1 ermal th n c ap su lat io ringe sy s plets a ro • bespoke instrument development • biose ng n d s • ge rie ation of droplets, emulsions and be a ner ce ll e • ation of ner p i pumps • syringe pumps • flow sen s o re r droplets, emulsions and be a l ca n nectors • microfluidic application centre n • DNA analysis • drug delivery • c tio o l pumps • syringe pumps • flow sen s o re s A ana ringe sy • bespoke instrument development • biose ing ation of droplets, emulsions and be a ner plets a ro novative etching technologies • turnkey s p li de vic e crofluidic solutions • microfluidic chips • cell e mi n • DNA analysis • drug delivery • c tio micro-scales • al ensors • microreactors • multi-way conne es pumps • syringe pumps • flow sen s o re s n • DNA analysis • drug delivery • c tio tr o l cu sto m mi crofluidic solutions • microfluidic chips • cell e • ing in • bespoke instrument development •i biose ing • l ndingNprocesses • life science • bo • microfluidic application centre pressur novative etching technologies • turnkey s • ing novative etching technologies • turnkey s o l in ensors • microreactors • multi-way conne es anal NA sensors • microreactors • multi-way conne • n D • flo w s • valves • temperature control • flow acces so s • ge rie pressur c e nding processes • life science • micro-scales • al bo n nectors • d icro rill • custom devices • m • pressu nding processes • life science • micro-scales • al bo p li o l tr apsula nc o l ermal th tio nc en tre tr apsula nc cu sto m s • s ors • digital microfluidics • drug scr een d icro rill ps g • • en er a t ion of d • rie s ac ce sso ce ll ge no mi cs pr es s • re co n • • pressu o c e g • in n cian ps s • ge rie n ermal ge no • ca d D • mith cs tio n c en tre ur ep um tem pe rat u o cry sta llis ati on apsula nc ap ap re co n flo w mi cro flu idi c cry sta llis ati on • • tem pe rat u ac ce ss s g va lve • o l d icro rill pressur n ula tio • mp s ss u re pu •p re mi cro flu idi c • pressu c nc ce ll e utions • functionalised surface coatings ip pr ot e in • or ies • s • protein crystallisation • custom devices • m s • protein crystallisation beads nd • s s • valves • temperature control • flow acces so r n en era ti o n of d d • n ap su lat io D • • nanotechnology • world leading ch • r to rs • • ip va lve o anal NA • ge no mi cs pr es s tio ns se ns or s • c ch • co nn ec • a t i on ce nt re se ns or s pr ot e in re co n ringe sy cu sto m s mps • pu flo w s ors • digital microfluidics • drug scr een so lu to rs ip • mi crofluidic solutions • microfluidic chips • cell e •t ors flu idi c • • ch ap microfluidic application centre ve ry • tem pe rat u n nectors • cro tio ns beads nd • mi cro flu idi c s • valves • temperature control • flow acces so mi so lu tio ns s • protein crystallisation • custom devices • m • de li co nn ec s ors • digital microfluidics • drug scr een iza tio n • is • dru ys g ps flu idi c • so lu • • flo w mps • pu flo w utions • functionalised surface coatings utions • functionalised surface coatings nate imm gi ob il ve ry flu idi c ur ep um cro cro to rs s g mi mi co nn ec va lve • is • dru ys gd eli t ors • nanotechnology • world leading t ors • nanotechnology • world leading 2 • • • • s nate imm gi ob iliz ati on iza tio n ve ry en er a t ion of d nate imm gi ob il de li se ns or s plets a ro cry sta llis ati on • is • dru ys g rie s mps • pu flo w pr ot e in ac ce sso beads nd • de vic e de vic e Innovators in microfluidic solutions Welcome I am pleased to welcome you to our very first microfluidics guide, featuring a general introduction to microfluidics as well as over 150 of our innovative products including the Mitos P-Pump, Micro Droplet Systems and Multiflux™, our new range of microfluidic connectors and interfaces. Microfluidics, also known as ‘lab-on-a-chip’, is an emerging technology that is changing the future of scientific instruments. Microfluidics is essential for anyone who works with very small quantities of fluids and needs to handle, measure or analyse them. We are continually surprised by the breadth of applications to which microfluidics can be applied, and we work with a range of industries including pharmaceutical, pertrochemical, food science, printing, clinical diagnostics and emulsion generation. We have even done several projects with applications in the fashion industry! The Dolomite standard product range provides an excellent way for researchers to evaluate the capabilities of microfluidics in their field. However, at Dolomite, it is not just our expertise in microfluidics and fabrication that puts us ahead of the competition. We also offer extensive experience in designing and developing customized microfluidic devices, such as chips, connectors and pumps, helping customers with solutions tailored to their microfluidic objectives. Most importantly, Dolomite also recognises that the true potential of microfluidics can only be unleashed when it is considered as part of a holistic system. As a result, we offer systems integration expertise utilising the full range of engineering skills from mechanical and electronic design through to firmware and software development. Dolomite can therefore provide a full turnkey service from preliminary concepts through to full product design, followed by manufacture, supply and support of your instruments in the field. With our passion for innovation and clear customer focus, we can help you turn your ideas into reality! Mark Gilligan Executive Chairman Andrew Lovatt CEO Richard Gray Head of Sales Lee Jeffries Head of Operations Christina Bayer Head of Marketing Paul Crisp Head of Product Design www.dolomite-microfluidics.com Phil Homewood Head of Microengineering Management Andrew Lovatt, CEO 3 History Dolomite has its roots in Syrris, which was founded in 2001 by Mark Gilligan and Richard Gray to address the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry. While Syrris focuses on flow chemistry and microreactors, Dolomite was set up as a subsidiary to provide microfluidic solutions to customers around the world in a very wide range of applications outside the field of research chemistry. In 2006, Dolomite won funding from the UK Department of Trade and Industry’s Micro and Nanotechnology Manufacturing Initiative. This initial £2m funding allowed Dolomite to establish excellent micro-fabrication facilities which include cleanrooms, high precision glass processing facilities and application laboratories. In addition to this, Dolomite has attracted top quality engineering staff with backgrounds in mechanical engineering and micro-fabrication. Today, Dolomite is the world leader in solving microfluidic problems offering standard devices as well as custom solutions and bespoke instruments. Our clients range from manufacturers of clinical diagnostics systems to universities developing leading edge analytical equipment. We are innovators in microfluidic solutions. Since 2005 we have launched over 150 leading edge products including the Mitos P-Pump and Micro Droplet Systems, and are proud to be the home of the world’s first microfluidic connector which allows fast and reliable multi-way connection between microfluidic chips and tubing. Dolomite is pushing the boundaries of microfluidic technology. Our service offering is unique combining unmatched technical resources with unrivalled expertise and a strong commitment to excellence helping our customers to solve their microfluidic problems in the most efficient and cost-effective way. Whatever your microfluidic needs, Dolomite is the right partner with the right expertise! Let us help you face today’s challenges and create tomorrow’s products! 4 Innovators in microfluidic solutions 2005 2005 The Dolomite Centre the world’s first microfluidic application centre 2006 £2m funding to establish excellent micro- 2006 fabrication facilities launch of the world’s first microfluidic connector 2006 new headquarters office building in Royston, UK 2008 opening of Dolomite US Jul 2008 launch of first multi-layer Sep 2008 microfluidic chip launch of the Mitos Syringe Pump Oct 2008 opening of 2009 Dolomite Japan launch of the Droplet Junction Apr 2009 Chips first disposable polymer microNov 2009 fluidic devices launch of the Jan 2010 Mitos P-Pump launch of Emerald’s PlugMakerTM Jul 2010 (bespoke instrument) launch of the Micro Droplet Systems Sep 2010 launch of the Sep 2010 Mitos Sensor Units launch of the microfluidic web shop www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 5 Company overview Dolomite believes in and strives for excellence. Our professional team of engineers offers extensive experience in combining micro-engineering technology with innovative product design. Our capabilities Dolomite is regarded by many as a “centre of excellence” for the design, prototyping and manufacture of microfluidic solutions. By pioneering new technologies and the use of microfluidic devices for small-scale fluid control and analysis, we have enabled customers around the world to develop more compact, cost-effective and powerful instruments. Our in-house micro-fabrication facilities including cleanrooms and high precision glass processing facilities allow us to prototype and test all solutions rapidly which ensures a faster development cycle and reduces the time to market. Please go to page 12 to read more about our micro-fabrication expertise and key production processes. Our products and services Microfluidics, also known as “lab-on-a-chip”, enables small scale fluid control and analysis, and is an emerging technology that is opening up new possibilities in instrument design. Connecting microfluidic devices to macroscale systems however presents many challenges. To help ensure success, Dolomite provides several microfluidic solutions including microfluidic chips, pumps, connectors, flow sensors and other microfluidic accessories. In addition to the wide range of standard components, we also offer the design, development and manufacturing of bespoke solutions, including custom devices, turnkey solutions and fully automated systems. By combining specialist glass, quartz and ceramic technologies with knowledge of high performance microfluidics, Dolomite is able to provide solutions for a broad range of industry areas including environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, food and beverage, nuclear, agriculture, petrochemical, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and chemicals. 6 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Innovators in microfluidic solutions We have always pushed the boundaries of traditional manufacturing processes and worked with customers around the world to develop innovative solutions to their exacting needs. At Dolomite we understand and exploit the material properties that are important to work on micro-scales. Our processing capabilities include, among others, world leading etching and thermal bonding processes, excellent grinding and polishing techniques, outstanding drilling and dicing procedures, as well as a variety of functionalised surface coatings and deposited coatings. Dolomite’s key strength lies in offering a complete service to customers from problem conceptualisation and feasibility testing through to full instrument design and development. Dolomite has the experience and expertise to turn your ideas into reality. Our experienced team of design engineers works with you to understand your application, using 3D CAD and flow modelling tools. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 7 Microfluidics: design Our design team has many years experience in modelling, designing and testing microfluidic devices for a range of applications including microreactors, DNA analysis, droplet generation and environmental analysis. Theoretical models are used when designing chips to estimate flow resistances, fluid pressures, heat transfer rates, diffusion rates and dispersion effects. examples of fluid flow The design process normally involves selecting a suitable fabrication process, chip materials, surface coatings, connection methods and pumping solutions. Dolomite will also suggest additional features such as on-chip filters, mixers and flow resistors to optimize the performance of the device. All microfluidic chips and associated connectors and interfaces are designed with 3D software and we can provide detailed drawings for approval prior to commencing fabrication. If you already have a detailed microfluidic chip design, we will lay the design out on a wafer (typically 90mm x 90mm) ready for cleanroom processing. This often requires translation of drawing files into appropriate formats for mask fabrication. Testing of chips is often carried out to validate performance. Examples include testing droplet generation, droplet merging, micromixing, liquid-liquid contacting, temperature control, pressure testing and the effects of dispersion. Please turn to page 100 to read more about our custom devices and bespoke instruments. Formation of product in channel Consumption of reagent Reaction in microchannels The graphs on the right show examples of theoretical models used to predict diffusion and reaction kinetics in a microreactor. 8 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Microfluidics: system integration Dolomite has a track record of taking early stage microfluidic technologies and developing award winning, user friendly scientific instruments and systems. To achieve this we offer system integration expertise which combines mechanical, electronics and software design with manufacturing and production engineering skills. Together with our excellent understanding of science, this presents an unrivalled capability to transform your science into a real world product. Mechanical design Our mechanical design team has significant experience developing sophisticated products. Our emphasis is always on ease of use, and this theme carries through from initial concept and feasibility studies to prototyping and design data packs. As well as our technical knowledge of fluid handling automation and analysis and control systems, we also take great care that the instrument housing and interfaces enhance the user experience. Software and electronics engineering Our in-house software engineering team has developed PC software and embedded firmware for a range of instruments and systems. As with mechanical design, the emphasis is always on ensuring they are easy to use, intuitive and reliable. By adapting existing software and electronics modules, the team is able to significantly reduce system development times. Manufacturing engineering Once a system has been prototyped and approved, Dolomite can also carry out the assembly and testing at our ISO-certified site in Royston. Systems and instruments can then be supplied to you packaged and ready for distribution to end users. By working with us on both the design and supply, the risks associated with transfer to manufacture are eliminated and the time to market significantly reduced. Please go to page 108 to learn more about our bespoke instrument solutions. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 9 Microfluidics: overview Microfluidics, also known as “lab-on-a-chip”, enables the precise control, manipulation and analysis of fluids in the microliter to picoliter range. Furthermore, it allows the manipulation of living matter by mixing, separating and handling different components at microscale. Microfluidic applications Microfluidics is useful to anyone who works with very small amounts of liquids and needs to handle, measure and analyse them. Microfluidic applications include: Pharmaceutical Life science Chemical reactions Clinical diagnostics Generation of emulsions and foams Culturing and analysis of cells Protein crystallisation DNA analysis Genomics Biosensors Drug delivery and drug screening Chip based capillary electrophoresis Industrial Petrochemical Micro fuel cell hydrogen generation Modelling fluid flow in porous rock Printing High temperature/pressure analysis Environmental testing Oil and fuel analysis Water analysis Gas chromatography Research Generation of emulsions and foams Chip-based capillary electrophoresis 10 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Benefits of microfluidics Dolomite is pioneering the use of microfluidic devices for small-scale fluid control and analysis, enabling engineers and scientists to take full advantage of the following benefits: • Reduction in sample volume and reagent usage • Improved control of fluid mixing and heating/cooling • Access to a wide range of fluidic geometries • Ability to manipulate small particals, droplets and cells • Rapid mass transfer as a result of high surface-to-volume ratios • Excellent reproducibility and consistency of results due to low Reynolds number • Improved integration of process steps, such as reactions, separations and detection As a global leader in the design and manufacture of microfluidic solutions, Dolomite offers significant expertise in microfluidics, including: • Micropumping - displacement, pressure-driven and electro-osmotic flow • Micro droplets - generation of highly monodispersed droplets from Ø 5µm to 250µm; water-in-oil as well as oil-in-water droplets; double emulsions • Multiphase flow - liquid-liquid contacting and micro droplet flow systems • Micromixers - diffusion, chaotic and interdigitated mixers • Separations - capillary electrophoresis and HPLC techniques • Surface coatings - hydrophilic and hydrophobic • Sensors - electrical and optical www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 11 Microfluidics: micro-fabrication Dolomite is pushing the boundaries of microfluidic technology. Our in-house micro-fabrication facilities which include cleanrooms and precision glass processing facilities allow us to prototype and test all products rapidly which ensures a faster development cycle and reduces the time to market. Cleanroom technology Certified to class 1000 of US FED STD 209E (ISO 6 equivalent standard), our cleanrooms offer: • 6” x 6” or 8” diameter wafer processing capability • Environmentally friendly: super clean, ultra-sonic cleaning baths • Thin film metal deposition including chromium, platinum, gold and silver • Collimated UV exposure • Thermal bonding up to 1300ºC • Non-contact substrate-to-substrate alignment to <5µm accuracy • Contact profilometry 16nm resolution • Proprietary glass chemical etching wet benches • Micro-drilling to Ø 0.15mm and core-drilling for larger holes • Micro-dicing • Flat lapping & polishing 12 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Key production processes Wet etching • Etching of glass from 100nm to 500µm depth • Maintaining optical quality surface roughness of Ra 8nm • Maximum etch depth of fused silica: 150µm • Different etch chemistries allow a wide variety of materials to be used Scale µm 0 250 500 Micro-drilling and dicing • Micro-drilling for a minimum hole size of Ø 150µm • Core-drilling for hole sizes of up to Ø 20.0mm • Ultrasonic machining Thermal bonding • Room temperature bonding for devices with sensitive encapsulated compounds/parts • Thermal bonding for devices to withstand over 300bar • Up to 1300ºC heat treatment capability Grinding and polishing • Flat polishing to 100µm substrate thickness • Solids processing to create devices with non-standard layer thickness as well as devices with non-standard shapes and sizes Surface modification • Functionalized hydrophobic & super-hydrophillic coatings • Sputtered metals for electrodes, e.g. platinum, gold and silver Worldwide success Dolomite is a global company. We can work with you, wherever you are based. Although the focus of our development and manufacturing is in the UK, we have a team of highly trained employees and distributors throughout the rest of the world. We know that when it comes to the design and development of new products, good communication and understanding is essential. When you work with Dolomite you can be sure that we will be attentive and responsive, ensuring that you receive the professional level of service that you need to help you grow your business and turn your ideas into reality. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 13 How to get started 1. Introduction to microfluidics A microfluidic device can be identified by the fact that the channel depth or diameter is in the 1µm to 1mm size range. At this scale the fluid behaviour is determined primarily by viscosity and surface tension effects rather than gravity and momentum. The high surface area to volume ratio of microchannels also results in high heat and mass transfer rates. Running experiments with very small channels, for example < 50µm depth can be challenging, in particular if you are new to microfluidics. We would therefore suggest starting off with devices with a channel depth > 100µm to get an understanding of pumping, imaging and filtration requirements. 2. Pumping and pressure requirements Various pumping methods can be used to pump fluids through microchannels including pressure pumping (Mitos P-Pump) and displacement pumping (Mitos Duo XS-Pump). Before assembling a system it is good idea to check that the pump can supply sufficient pressure to achieve the desired flow rate. The diagram below shows a typical setup: Pressure sensor Pump P = Q.Rs.µ Collection reservoir Microfluidic chip flow resistance Rs = ƒ(d,L) Key: P: pressure (bar); Rs: flow resistance (mm-3); d: pipe internal diameter (mm); L: tube length (mm); Q: flow rate (µl/min); µ: viscosity (cP or mPa.s) The flow resistance of a length of tube (or circular channel) is a function of the internal diameter and length. For example a long tube with small internal diameter will give a high flow resistance. Flow resistance can be calculated with the formula below. Flow resistance can then be used to calculate the required pressure when pumping at a specific flow rate. Rs = 6.79 x 10-9 . L Insert into formula P = Q.Rs.µ d4 flow resistance of required tube or channel pressure Please note the correct units must be used as defined above! 14 Channel diameter = d Channel diameter Innovators in microfluidic solutions Channel height Channel width For isotropically etched channels or rectangular cross-section channels the following equation is a good approximation for calculating back pressure: Cross sectional area, A/mm2 = h(w-2h) + πh2/2 Rs = 1.3 x 10-9 .(1+(h2/A))2.L A.h2 It is also necessary to check that the microfluidic chip and connectors can withstand the pressure that will be applied by the pump. Our Linear Connectors can operate at up to 30bar (450PSI), which is suitable for most applications. For special applications we have designed connectors for glass chips that can operate up to 300bar (4500PSI). If multiple chips are connected in series the pressure required to pump will be higher. The total flow resistance will equal the sum of the flow resistances. In the case where channels are connected in parallel the flow resistance will be less and may be calculated as follows: 1/RTOTAL = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ... The standard chips sold by Dolomite have a pressure rating on the datasheet, for example for the T-Junction Chip: Back pressure with 100µl/min flow (water) = 1.5bar We can calculate the flow resistance for the chip using the previous equation for required pressure: P = Q.Rs.µ, hence Rs = P/(Q.µ) = 1.5/(100 x 0.9) = 0.0017 3. Viscosity As highlighted in the equations above the pressure generated when fluid flows through a microfluidic chip is proportional to fluid viscosity. P = Q.Rs.µ, hence P α Q.µ High viscosity liquids will require high pressures when used in microfluidic systems. Some examples of fluid viscosity are listed below: • Water = 0.9cP • Blood (37ºC) = 3-4cP • Mineral oil = 40 - 100cP • Honey = 2,000 – 10,000cP For example: Back pressure with 100µl/min flow of water (0.9cP) = 1.5bar Back pressure with 100µl/min flow of honey (2,000cP) = 3333bar www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 15 4. Laminar flow Laminar flow or turbulent flow can occur when a fluid flows along a pipe or channel. In microfluidic systems the flow is typically laminar as a result of the small channel geometry and low flow velocities. This can be confirmed by checking that the Reynolds number is less than 2300. Re = ρ Vd < 2300 for Laminar flow µ Key: ρ: Density (kg/m3); V: flow velocity (m/s); d: pipe internal diameter (mm); µ: viscosity (cP or mPa.s) For non-circular pipes the hydraulic diameter should be used in place of ‘d’. For pipes with wide shallow cross section ‘h’ should be used in place of ‘d’. d = hydraulic diameter = 4*Cross sectional area of pipe pipe perimeter In a laminar flow regime particles of fluid move in straight lines with a parabolic velocity flow profile as shown on the left. The flow velocity at the centre of the tube is approximately twice the average flow velocity and the flow velocity at the wall approaches zero. Pipe or channel wall Velocity profile Fluid 5. Sample Injection and Dispersion Fluid samples are often injected into microfluidic systems in a carrier solvent stream. Sample injection can be carried out using the Sample Injection Valve or by aspirating a sample from a vial using a pipe or capillary. The velocity flow profile shown above results in axial mixing of samples with the carrier solvents as shown below. This effect is called dispersion. Pipe or channel wall wall Pipe or channel Injected fluid sample Injected fluid sample Carrier solvent Carrier solvent Concentration of sample Distance along channel Microfluidic systems enable reduction in channel diameter and dead volume. This reduces the effect of dispersion allowing injection of smaller fluid samples. 16 Innovators in microfluidic solutions 6. Mixing When two liquid streams are brought together at a T-Junction mixing occurs by diffusion as shown in the picture below: Fluid A Fluid A Flow direction Fluid Fluid B B Channel Channel wallwall Mixing result of diffusion Mixing as as aaresult of diffusion As the fluids flow along the channel from left to right the liquids or solutes will diffuse and mix. This type of mixing is not very fast, for example the time taken to mix two water solutions in a 100µm diameter channel at 21ºC will be around 5 seconds. Reducing the channel diameter will reduce the diffusion distance and hence mixing time. Diffusional mixing time = F x d2/D F = Fourier number (which defines mixing efficiency for a channel) d = Characteristic length (pipe internal diameter) D = Diffusion constant for fluid/solute (Proportional to temperature) To increase the rate of mixing a micromixer can be used. This image shows the static mixer geometry of the Micromixer Chip. Lamination of the two input streams, which can be seen clearly in the top horizontal channel, reduces diffusion distances and hence reduces mixing time. At high flow rates swirling effects are observed in the mixer and 10 millisecond mixing times are possible. Dolomite can also provide interdigitated mixers that split and recombine flows. These provide benefits at low Reynolds number flows and with high viscosity liquids. 7. Surface coatings The channel surface in glass microfluidic chips is naturally hydrophilic. This means that water will stick to the surface in preference to oils and organic solvents. It also means that capillary action will draw water into channels without the requirement for a pump. Dolomite can also supply glass chips with a hydrophobic surface coating. This coating will attract oils and organic solvent in preference to water and aqueous solutions. Surface properties of micro-channels need to be considered carefully when dealing with two phase flow, droplet microfluidics and flow of biological solutions. Polymer chips are naturally hydrophobic. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com Water droplets in an oil carrier stream inside a glass microchannel with hydrophobic coating 17 8. Materials used Dolomite provides devices fabricated in optical glass, fused silica (quartz) or polymers. Glass offers very good pressure capabilities, excellent chemical resistance and optical properties. These characteristics can be further improved by using quartz. However, for some applications, such as clinical diagnostics where devices need to be disposable, polymer devices are more suitable than glass devices. Please go to page 100 to learn more about our fabrication processes and capabilities. Transmissivity in % 100 100 Optical transmission of glass and quartz Optical transmission of glass and quartz 90 90 Transimissivity, % 80 80 Glass 70 70 Quartz 60 60 50 50 Glass 40 40 Quartz 30 30 20 20 10 10 00 200 200 300 400 500 500 600 Wavelength in nm Wavelength, nm 700 800 800 9. Temperature control and heat transfer Dolomite supplies a range of Multiflux connectors that can operate up to 150ºC. It is possible to operate above this temperature but it can result in damage to the seals. Glass and quartz chips can be heated locally to much higher temperatures, for example 500ºC for glass and higher for quartz. When heating locally it is necessary to make sure the connector is kept at 150ºC or below. It is also necessary to avoid high temperature gradients in the chip (< 10ºC/mm) and rapid heating and cooling of the chip (< 1ºC/sec). These things cause thermal stresses which can result in chip fracture. The diagram below shows a cross sectional view of a glass chip being heated by a peltier plate or hotplate which is in contact with the lower surface of the chip. two layer glass chip A ΔT X Q Peltier 18 Innovators in microfluidic solutions The heat flows through the lower glass layer of the chip and heats the fluid in the microchannel. For thick glass layers (2mm) and shallow channel depths (100µm) the rate of heat transfer is primarily determined by the thermal conductivity of the glass layer and the heat transfer coefficient from the channel surface into the fluid can be ignored. As a result the heat transfer equation is simplified as follows: Q/(A.ΔT) = k/X Q = Heat flow k = Thermal conductivity of glass (1.0W/m.K) A = Area of chip perpendicular to heat flux (A = channel pitch x channel length) X = Glass layer thickness ΔT = temperature difference This equation assumes that no heat is lost through the top surface or sides of the chip. The following equation has been derived to estimate the temperature of the fluid at any point along a microchannel: TFLUID = TPELTIER - ΔT.e-(k.A/X.m.C) m = mass flow rate C = heat capacity of fluid The graph below shows the theoretical results for water flowing through a T-Junction Chip which is being heated on a Hotplate at 200ºC: Temperature, in ºC 200 150 100µl/min 250µl/min 100 500µl/min 1000µl/min 50 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Distance along channel, in mm As shown, the point at which the fluid reaches the maximum temperature is determined by the fluid flow rate. In practice there will be some heat losses through the top surface of the chip which will result in a reduction in maximum fluid temperature. Please note that the equations above do not apply to thin layer chips! www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 19 Products and services Dolomite is regarded by many as a “centre of excellence” for the design, prototyping and manufacture of microfluidic solutions. By pioneering new technologies and the use of microfluidic devices for small-scale fluid control and analysis we have enabled customers around the world to develop more compact, cost-effective and powerful instruments. Dolomite’s standard components include microfluidic chips, pumps, valves and connectors, as well as the Mirco Droplet Systems allowing users to generate droplets and emulsions >> see page 22 Dolomite works with customers around the world to design, develop and manufacture a variety of versatile, complex and cutting edge custom devices >> see page 100 for more information Our key strength lies in offering a complete service to customers from problem conceptualization and feasibility testing through to full instrument design including turnkey solutions and fully automated systems >> see page 108 20 Innovators in microfluidic solutions standard solutions custom device solutions productizing science www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 21 Standard Component Solutions As your one-stop shop for microfluidic solutions, Dolomite provides everything you need when working with microfluidic systems and devices. Our standard microfluidic components are designed for performance, ease of use and user flexibility. Our standard components can be used to build both simple and complex systems, helping customers who take their first steps with microfluidics as well as experienced researchers and product designers. Connecting and using microfluidic devices presents many challenges, so take advantage of our experience and expertise to help you get it right first time. Contents Microfluidic Chips 24 Multiflux™ Connectors 38 Microfluidic Pumps 62 Microfluidic Sensors 80 Microfluidic Valves 84 Temperature Control 88 Flow Accessories 90 Optical Systems 92 22 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Leading the way in microfluidic applications Integrated systems Software and control Microfluidic detectors Microfluidic pumps and valves Microfluidic connectors and interfaces Microfluidic chips www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 23 Microfluidic Chips Dolomite offers off-the-shelf microfluidic chips to help customers evaluate microfluidic concepts quickly and easily. Fabricated to the highest quality standards in glass or quartz, our microfluidic chips are particularly suitable for applications where reusability, chemical compatibility, optical transparency and thermal characteristics are important, such as DNA analysis and droplet generation. Dolomite provides a wide range of microfluidic chips with different junction geometries, channel sizes and surface properties. Our microfluidic chips have excellent optical transparency and offer an outstanding chemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents and chemicals to be used. If our standard chips do not meet your requirements, we offer custom solutions including a variety of surface coatings, multiple layers, different channel size and junction geometry. Contents 10 Reasons 26 Droplet Generation 28 Microreactors 32 T-Junction 34 Y-Junction 35 Micromixers 36 Custom options 37 24 standard component solutions Which chip is right for me? The following table shows a comparison of the main features of our microfluidic chips to help you make the right decision: Chip type Main application Connector Material Etching (isotropic) Footprint (length x width) Droplet Junction Chip Droplet generation Linear Connector 4-way, Chip Interface H glass or quartz double etched 22.5mm x 15mm Droplet Generation Chip Droplet generation with multiple input streams Circular Connector glass or quartz* double etched 45mm x 15mm Microreactor Chip Microreactions and flow chemistry Reactor Chip Holder glass or quartz* double and single etched 90mm x 28/45mm Long Channel Chip Gas-liquid and liquid-liquid microreactions Linear Connector 4-way glass or quartz* single etched 90mm x 15mm T-Junction Chip Droplet generation and confocal microscopy Linear Connector 4-way glass or quartz double etched 45mm x 15mm Y-Junction Chip Liquid contacting and diffusion studies Linear Connector 4-way, Chip Interface H glass or quartz* single etched 22.5mm x 15mm Micromixer Chip Micromixing and fast reactions Linear Connector 4-way glass or quartz* two etch depths 50mm x 15mm * special order double etched channel single etched channel Channel depth = channel 100 µm channel depth depth Channel width = 205 µm channel width www.dolomite-microfluidics.com channel width 25 10 Reasons ... to choose Dolomite’s microfluidic chips 1. Accuracy Accurate channel geometry with typical tolerances of +/-1μm on width. 2. Channel surface Extremely smooth, polished channel surface with a roughness of less than 5nm. 3. World leading thermal bonding Unique thermal bonding technology that does not rely on adhesives. 4. Temperature range Wide temperature range with some experiments running at up to 500°C. 5. Pressure range 6. Easy connection All microfluidic chips are compatible with our range of Multiflux™ Connectors and Interfaces. 7. Channel geometry and depth Access to a wide variety of fluid geometries including channels with circular cross section, pillar arrays, and micromixers. Wide range of channel depths from 100nm up to 1mm. 8. Time-efficient solution Fast prototyping of devices, typically 4 weeks from design approval. 9. Chemical compatibility Outstanding chemical resistance and biocompatibility. 10. Materials used Excellent access for optics, including thin layers (100 microns) for confocal microscopy and quartz (fused silica) glass for UV transmission. Wide pressure range, 300bar (4400psi) has been achieved with custom connectors. Looking for something else? Our microfluidic chips can be customized in a number of ways including different material, surface coating, channel size or junction geometry. Please contact us to discuss your requirements or go to page 37 to find out more about custom options. 26 standard component solutions Benefits of glass A typical channel geometry from Dolomite. Using polished material, the microfluidic channels have been created via the wet-etching process (see page 102 for more details). The microfluidic chip features two channels aligned on top of each other. The channels are very smooth and there are little or no defects on the edge of the channels. By using the wet-etching Scale µm 0 process, we are able to create complex channel geometries and smooth 250 500 channels regardless of etch depths, e.g. 100nm to 1mm deep. This picture shows a microfluidic chip where powder-blasting has been Ø 180µm used to create the channel. These two pictures are examples for unpolished borosilicate material with wet-etched channels. The channels are not very smooth and there are Ø 60µm Ø 50µm cracks and defects along the edge of the channels. (untypical for channel geometries from Dolomite) As world leader in microfluidic solutions, Dolomite is unique in the design and manufacture of glass microfluidic chips with a variety of channel depths. All our microfluidic chips are fabricated to the highest quality standards using the wet-etching process which allows us to create perfect circular and smooth channels. However, if required, we can also use powder-blasting to create microfluidic channels. Characteristics Glass Polymer Optical properties Excellent Good Mechanical properties Very good Ok Chemical compatibility Excellent Mostly poor Thermal characteristics Very good Poor Cost effectiveness Excellent for prototyping; ok for high volume Poor for prototyping; excellent for high volume Surface coatings available Very good, hydrophilic and hydrophobic Ok Reusability Very good Generally disposable Durability Very good Ok Design flexibility Very good Ok, but high tooling costs prevent multiple reiterative designs www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 27 Droplet Generation Micro droplet production is a fascinating and rapidly growing area of research. Dolomite offers a wide range of Droplet Junction Chips with different junction geometries, channel sizes and surface properties enabling users to produce more than 10,000* monodispersed droplets per second. Easy to use, all of Dolomite’s Droplet Chips have excellent optical transparency for clear imaging of droplets. Advanced hydrophobic coating treatments enable water-in-oil droplets to be generated as well as oil-in-water droplets formed in untreated chips. Droplet Junction Chips The Droplet Junction Chips offer excellent chemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents and chemicals to be used. The chips feature two separate droplet junctions, a T- and X-Junction as shown below. T-Junction X-Junction Features and benefits: • Easy to use • Wide range of droplet production rates from 1 to more than 10,000* droplets per second • Extremely consistent droplet size • Straight-through path for droplets • Excellent visibility • Excellent chemical compatibility • Wide temperature and pressure range • Compatible with the Chip Interface H (Part No. 3000155) for fluidic connection * depending on chemicals used 28 standard component solutions H2O (Aqueous) droplets Oil (Organic) droplets Hydrophobic channels enabling the creation of aqueous droplets Hydrophilic channels enabling the creation of organic droplets Operating over a wide temperature and pressure range (up to 30bar), the Droplet Junction Chips enable the production of more than 10,000* droplets per second with a diameter of 10 – 150μm (when using the Droplet Junction Chips with a channel depth of 100μm) and 80 - 300μm (when using the Droplet Junction Chips with a channel depth of 190μm). The Droplet Junction Chip is also available with a header for ejection of droplets into a bulk liquid. This is useful for generation of emulsions since it reduces the likelihood of droplet coalescence, which can be an issue with some fluids on transfer from chip to tubing. Droplets can be collected using the Droplet Collection Module (Part No. 3200112), a flat-sided quartz vessel which enables optical analysis or UV curing of droplets immediately after formation. Please go to page 94 to read more about our Micro Droplet Systems and Etch depth Hydrophilic surface x x x x x x x X-Junction channel format 3 inputs and 1 output Yes Glass x 3200133 3200132 x No Quartz www.dolomite-microfluidics.com x x 2 inputs and 1 output No 3200092 190μm T-Junction channel format Material 3200091 100μm Hydrophobic surface coating Interface included 3000437 3000436 3200131 3200130 3200090 3200089 Technical details 3000158 Part No. 3000301 accessories. Yes Glass x No Quartz 29 Droplet Generation Chips Quick and easy to connect and disconnect, the Droplet Generation Chips are glass devices designed for generating droplets made up of one, two or three reagents as shown below. Available in a channel depth of 50μm and 100μm, the Droplet Generation Chip is supplied with a location pin that allows connection to the Circular Connector (Part No. 3000051). The standard channel surface of the Droplet Generation Chip is hydrophilic enabling the generation of organic droplets in an aqueous carrier phase. To form aqueous droplets in an organic phase, a hydrophobic coating can be provided. The Droplet Generation Chips benefit a wide range of applications including the generation of monodispersed droplets, emulsions and Janus particles as shown in the picture above. Features and benefits: • Extremely high droplet production rate • Extremely consistent droplet size • Automatic alignment of connections • Excellent visibility • Available with hydrophobic and hydrophilic coating • Excellent chemical compatibility • Wide temperature and pressure range • Requires a Circular Connector (Part No. 3000051) 30 standard component solutions Droplet Generation Chip connected to the Circular Connector (Part No. 3000051) Droplet generation The Droplet Generation Chip provides 4 inputs and 2 outputs which can be used in various combinations to generate droplets. Channels which are not needed can be blocked using a PTFE Plug (Part No. 3000056). The size, consistency, and production rate of droplet formation also depend on the viscosity and surface tension of the fluids used, the presence of surfactants, miscibility of the fluids, surface coating of the channel walls as well as the flow rate. Please go to page 94 to read more about our range of Micro Droplet Systems. Part No. 3000048 3000211 3200123 Technical details Etch depth Surface coating 50μm 100μm Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Number of inputs 4 Number of outputs 2 Operating pressure up to 20bar www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 31 Microreactors Microreactor Chips The Microreactor Chip is a glass device designed for the mixing and reaction of two or three liquid reagent streams enabling the fast and efficient processing of chemicals for testing and analysis. The Microreactor Chips benefit a wide range of applications including drug discovery and compound synthesis, by greatly accelerating their research and allowing scientists to achieve more reproducible results. Although each chip is only 28mm x 90mm in size, it offers between 1.8m and 2.5m of reaction channel as well as excellent access for optics. Supplied with a chip holder, the Microreactor Chip operates over a wide temperature and pressure range and offers excellent chemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents and chemicals to be used. The Microreactor Chip can be used with an additional Reactor Chip Header (Part No. 3000261) for quick connection to 1/16 tubing. If you are looking for a fully automated Microreactor System, please visit the website of our parent company Syrris www.syrris.com. Microreactor Chip in holder with Reactor Chip Header Other accessories include the Chip Header FFKM Seal (Part No. 3000262) creating a seal between the Microreactor Chip and the input/output tubes, and the Chip Header Blanking Plug (Part No. 3000263) which inserts into the Reactor Chip Header in place of an input tube to seal off inputs to the chip. Thus, a 3-input chip could be used with only 1 or 2 inputs and a 2-input chip could be used with just 1 input. Part No. 3000278 3000279 3000280 3000281 3200046 3000077 Technical details Reaction volume Number of inputs 62.5µl 2 3 Number of outputs Mixing time Operating pressure Max. operating temperature 32 250µl 2 1ml 3 2 1 6 seconds 10 seconds up to 30bar 150°C 3 standard component solutions Fluid mixing in a 1ml Microreactor Chip 62.5μl Microreactor Chip with metal coating Long Channel Chip 3200062 Designed for a range of applications, this glass device provides an easy-to-use solution for contacting immiscible fluids, mixing, microreactions and droplet formation. The chip is supplied with a chip interface that allows quick connection to the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024). The Long Channel Chip features an extremely smooth channel surface and offers excellent chemical compatibility as well as excellent access for optics. Its long serpentine channel provides a large surface for gas-liquid contacting. Features and benefits: • Channel length after Y-Junction: 5000mm (feed channels = 8mm) • Volume of channel after Y-Junction: 90μl • Wide temperature range up to 150°C • Operating pressure: up to 30bar • High visibility (excellent access for optics) • Extremely smooth channel surface www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 33 T-Junction T-Junction Chips Available in different surface coatings, the T-Junction Chips allow mixing of two fluids and benefit various applications including microreactions, confocal microscopy and droplet formation. All T-Junction Chips are supplied with a chip interface as shown in the picture below to allow a quick connection to the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024). Features and benefits: • Low dead volume • Wide temperature range up to 150°C • Operating pressure: up to 30bar • 2 inputs and 1 output • Excellent chemical compatibility • High visibility - excellent access for optics • Extremely smooth channel surface • Small footprint • Chip size 45mm x 15mm • Thickness of layers: top layer 2mm, base layer 2mm • 100µm channel depth Dolomite also offers a thin T-Junction Chip (Part No. 3000086) featuring an ultra thin 150µm base layer for high magnification microscopy applications as well as T-Junction Chips with a diced end (Part Nos. 3200014 and 3200114) ideal for the ejection of droplets into bulk liquid without disruptions to the flow. Please turn to page 98 to find out more about our Droplet Collection Module (Part No. 3200112). Part No. 3000014 3000086 3000089 3000141 3000453 3200014 3200114 X X Technical details Diced end Hydrophilic surface X X X Hydrophobic coating X Platinum coating Material Ultra thin base layer 34 X X Glass X Quartz Glass standard component solutions Y-Junction Y-Junction Chip 3200008 Dolomite’s Y-Junction Chip is a glass microfluidic device designed for a range of applications including liquidliquid contacting, diffusion studies and two straight channels for observation of microchannel flow. Quick and easy to connect and disconnect, the Y-Junction Chip can be used with the Chip Interface H (Part No. 3000155) and two Linear Connectors 4-way (Part No. 3000024) as shown in the picture above. Features and benefits: • Extremely smooth channel surface 0.5μl/min • Operating pressure: up to 30bar • Max. temperature: 150°C • Excellent chemical compatibility • High visibility - excellent access for optics 5.0μl/min Inside the parallel flow area the different diffusion rates can be accurately controlled. The pictures above show aqueousaqueous diffusive flow over a range of flow rates, using the Mitos Duo-XS Pump (Part No. 3200057). www.dolomite-microfluidics.com • Compact design • 4 inputs and 4 outputs 35 Micromixers Micromixer Chip 3000144 This glass microfluidic device is designed for millisecond mixing of up to 3 fluid streams (up to 5 when using both channels). Fast mixing times are needed for applications including reaction kinetics, sample dilution, improving reaction selectivity, rapid crystallization and nanoparticle synthesis. The Micromixer Chip features two independent channels allowing extremely rapid mixing across a range of flow rates and two interfaces enabling quick and easy connection to the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024). Features and benefits: • Extremely rapid mixing across a range of flow rates • Low dead volume • High visibility - excellent access for optics • Quick to connect and disconnect • Wide temperature and pressure range • Excellent chemical compatibility • Optional holder for quick connection to fluid tubing 36 standard component solutions Custom options Our microfluidic chips can be customized in the following ways: • Wide range of channel depths: from 100nm to 1mm • Wide range of channel widths: from 3µm to any width required • Variety of surface coatings can be applied, such as hydrophobic • Metal layers can be deposited on the inside surface of the channels, e.g. platinum and gold layers • Wide range of special features including embedded RTDs, sensors, mirrors and electrodes • Custom channel layouts can also be specified • Polymer chips can be created as an alternative to glass fabrication • Complex chips can be fabricated in very short lead times as little as 4 weeks Dolomite works with customers around the world to develop a variety of versatile, complex and cutting edge custom devices. Our experienced team of design engineers works with you to understand your application providing first class solutions tailored to fit in with your existing products and systems. Please contact us to discuss your exact requirements or turn to page 100 to find out more about our custom devices and bespoke solutions. Recent examples of our custom devices include: • Dual Droplet Generation Chip allowing the generation of 3-reagent droplets on 2 separate junctions with 8 fluidic inputs and 2 outputs • Cell Sorting Chip with over 2 million integrated electrode features • Quartz Capillary Electrophoresis Chip (footprint 160mm x 40mm) which provided 150mm of straight separation channels • 1ml Microreactor Chip with 3 layers etched to 300μm deep per layer • Quartz Flow Cell with a 500μm wide and 300μm deep channel for detection of bacteria www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 37 Multiflux™ Connectors Fluidic systems for manipulation, analysis, control and production of small amounts of material are becoming increasingly sophisticated. This trend is accelerating with every new microfluidic development. At present, most connectors allow the connection of only one fluid tube to a microfluidic system at a time. Furthermore, connecting microfluidic devices to macro-scale systems presents many challenges. If these are not addressed well, the benefits of working within the microfluidic regime may be compromised. Multiflux™ is Dolomite’s solution to these problems. Multiflux™ is our new range of microfluidic connectors and interfaces which enable the fast and easy integration of microfluidic devices into new and existing systems. Our Multiflux™ components provide a simple, fast and cost-effective solution. • Easy to use: no tools are required • Quick solution: a reliable leak-free connection can be made in seconds • Multi-way connection: interconnection of many tubes at once in a high density format • Simple and robust: tube-to-chip and tube-to-tube connections Contents Multiflux™ 40 10 Reasons 44 Connection to the edge of microfluidic chips 46 Connection to the surface of microfluidic chips 49 Connection between two sets of tubing 50 Resealable Chip Interface 52 Resealable Chips 54 Other interfaces and accessories 56 Custom option 57 How to design Multiflux™ compatible devices 58 38 standard component solutions Examples of Multiflux™ Connectors and Multiflux™ Compatible Interfaces www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 39 Multiflux™ Multiflux™ is Dolomite’s unique and flexible range of microfluidic connectors and Multiflux™ Compatible Interfaces allowing users to integrate their microfluidic devices into new and existing systems by creating fast and reliable multi-way fluidic connections between pumps, valves and other fluidic modules. Multiflux™ Connectors Dolomite’s Multiflux™ Connectors enable the fast and easy integration of microfluidic devices into new and existing systems by providing a fluidic device with several fluid input and output ports. Their unique and compact design facilitates reliable and efficient connection between: • microfluidic chips and 0.8mm O.D. tubing, • microfluidic chips and 1.6mm O.D. tubing, or • two bundles of tubing. Circular Connector 3000051 The Circular Connector allows fast connection of up to eight microfluidic channels to the surface of microfluidic chips. Quick and easy to use, the connector works with chips that are 2mm to 4mm thick and 12mm wide and have an alignment pin in place. Its compact design enables it to be placed anywhere on a microfluidic chip. The Circular Connector can also be used with the Circular In-line Interface (Part No. 3200142) to provide in-line sealing and highly accurate alignment of two sets of tubing. Features and benefits: • Ports: 8 • Chip thickness: 2mm - 4mm • Operation pressure: 20bar • Operation temperature: -15°C to 150°C • Excellent chemical compatibility • Material: PEEK and perfluoroelastomer The Circular Connector can also be used with your own microfluidic devices. Please turn to page 60 to learn more about the geometry of the connector and the required features of the microfluidic chip, such as the alignment pin. 40 standard component solutions Linear Connector Available in 6 standard sizes, the Linear Connector offers ports for fluidic connections benefiting a broad range of industries including diagnostics, DNA analysis and drug development. The Linear Connector allows fast and reliable multi-way connection between Dolomite chips and hard wall tubing or in-line sealing and accurate alignment of two sets of tubing. As well as connecting to holes on the top surface of the chip, the Linear Connector can connect directly to the micro-channels that pass out through the edge of the chip. When connecting to the edge of the chip, the Linear Connector allows customers to improve the fluid flow in their microfluidic system as the fluid paths are straight-in rather than perpendicular providing a smooth linear pathway. Operating over a wide pressure range of up to 30bar, the connector offers excellent chemical compatibility allowing a wide range of solvents and chemicals to be used. Linear Connector 12-way (Part No. 3000067) connected to a custom microfluidic chip with Chip Edge Interface Part No. 3000024 3200148 3000102 3000067 3200149 3200150 4 7 8 12 15 23 Technical details Number of ports Operating pressure 30bar Operating temperature Tube OD -15°C up to 150°C 1.6mm 0.8mm 1.6mm Chip thickness Chip width Material 0.8mm 4mm 15mm 30mm 45mm PTFE and perfluoroelastomer www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 41 Multiflux™ Compatible Interfaces Successful connections between microfluidic chips and tubing or two bundles of tubing require both a Multiflux™ Connector and Multiflux™ Compatible Interface. Dolomite provides a wide range of Multiflux™ Compatible Interfaces including Chip Edge Interfaces, Chip Surface Interfaces, In-line Interfaces and the Resealable Chip Interface as shown on page 43. Multiflux™ Multiflux™ Microfluidic Connector Compatible Interface System Multiflux™ Compatible Interfaces securely hold the microfluidic chip in position allowing accurate micro-channel to micro-channel alignment between the microfluidic chip and Multiflux™ Connector gasket without disruptions to the fluid flow. Quick and easy to use, all Multiflux™ Compatible Interfaces operate over a wide temperature and pressure range and offer excellent chemical resistance. They can also be used with custom chips and interfaces as described on page 57. Multiflux™ compatibility chart Connector Linear Connector 4-way Linear Connector 7-way Linear Connector 8-way Linear Connector 12-way Linear Connector 15-way Linear Connector 23-way Circular Connector Interface Part No. 3000024 3200148 3000102 3000067 3200149 32200150 3000051 Chip Interface C 3000038 x x x x x x Chip Interface H 3000155 x x x x x x Double Chip Interface H 3200088 x x x x x x Top Interface 3000109 o x x x x x Top Interface 3000237 o x x x x x Top Interface 3000427 x x x x o x Top Interface 3000531 x x x o x x Linear In-line Interface 3000395 x x x x Linear In-line Interface 3000316 x o x x Linear In-line Interface 3000430 x o x Circular In-line Interface 3200142 Resealable Chip Interface 3000305 o x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Standard chips supplied with a Chip Edge Interface Circular Connector Interface x = ideally suited, o = suited, x = not suited 42 x standard component solutions Chip Edge Interface 4- to 23-way Chip Surface Interface 4- to 23-way Operating over a wide pressure and temperature range, the Chip Edge Interfaces enable a fast, reliable and efficient connection between the edge of microfluidic chips and tubing. Dolomite’s Chip Surface Interfaces allow users to create a fast and reliable fluidic connections to the surface of microfluidic chips. see page 46 see page 49 In-line Interface 4- to 23-way Resealable Chip Interface Quick and easy to use, the In-line Interfaces facilitate an in-line sealing and accurate alignment between two sets of tubing, enabling uninterrupted liquid flow. The Resealable Chip Interface can be used with microfluidic chips that can be opened and resealed. The holder clamps the layers together providing eight fluidic and eight electrical connections to the microfluidic chip. see page 50 see page 52 www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 43 10 Reasons ... to choose Dolomite’s Multiflux™ Connectors 1. Compact solution Our connectors and interfaces are very compact and use up less surface area on a chip in comparison to other solutions. This allows smaller and hence lower cost chips to be designed. 2. Easy to use Connection and disconnection is as easy as connecting a monitor cable to your computer and replacement of the tubing in a connector takes seconds. 3. Flexible solution Our connectors are very flexible, they can be positioned on the edge of a chip or on the top surface of a chip. They also allow chip-to-chip connection. 4. Low profile Connecting to the edge of a chip provides a very low profile solution which is useful where space is at a premium. 5. Low dead volume In the connector the tubing is butted up against the surface of the chip resulting in very low dead volume. 6. Accurate alignment Our microfluidic connectors accurately align connection tubing with channels or drilled fluid ports on the chip. 7. Reusable All of our connectors and interfaces can be used over and over again with multiple chips. 8. Chemical compatibility All the materials used for the connectors and interfaces are resistant to a wide range of chemicals including organic solvents, acids and bases. 9. Wide operating temperature range The seal material has a very wide operating temperature range from -15°C to 150°C. 10. Wide operating pressure range Our standard connectors seal up to 30bar pressure and also provide a gas tight seal with a vacuum. Looking for something else? Please contact us to discuss your requirements or go to page 100 to find out more about our custom devices and bespoke instrument solutions. 44 standard component solutions www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 45 Connection to the edge of microfluidic chips Using the Multiflux™ Linear Connector together with a Chip Edge Interface allows users to create a fast and reliable fluidic connection to the edge of microfluidic chips. Linear Connector Chip Edge Interface Chip Edge Interfaces Quick and easy to use, all Chip Edge Interfaces offer excellent access for optics and excellent chemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents and chemicals to be used. Some of our standard chips are supplied with a Chip Edge Interface which facilitates the fast and easy connection to the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024). Please see page 41 for more information. Chip Interface H 3000155 The Chip Interface H works in conjunction with two Linear Connectors 4-way (Part No. 3000024), providing eight fluidic connections to a glass microfluidic chip. Compatible with chips of dimensions 22.5mm x 15.0mm x 4.0mm, such as Dolomite’s Droplet Junction Chips (Part Nos. 3000158, 3000301, 3000436 and 3000437), the Chip Interface H provides a fast and reliable connection to 1.6mm tubing. Features and benefits: • Number of ports: 8 • Operation pressure: up to 30bar • Operation temperature: -15°C to 150°C • Excellent chemical compatibility 46 standard component solutions Chip Interface C 3000038 Designed for use with the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024) and up to two 1/4 - 28 threaded fittings, the compact Chip Interface C provides fast and reliable fluidic connection to microfluidic chips that are 4mm thick and have a footprint of 15mm x 7mm. Features and benefits: • Number of ports: 6 • Small footprint • Operation pressure: up to 30bar • Operation temperature: -15°C to 150°C • Enables use of small, low cost chips • Two variable tube connections (I.D. and O.D.) Double Chip Interface H 3200088 The Double Chip Interface H allows direct interfacing of two microfluidic chips with accurate micro-channel to micro-channel connection via a precision perfluoroelastomer gasket. Once aligned the connection provides minimal disruption to the fluid flow. Designed for use with the Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024), the Double Chip Interface H provides eight fluidic connections to 1.6mm OD tubing and is compatible with Dolomite’s Droplet Junction Chips (Part Nos. 3000158, 3000301, 3000436 and 3000437). Features and benefits: • Chip footprint: 4mm x 15mm x 22.5mm • Ports: 4 interface ports and 8 tubing ports • Operation pressure: 10bar • Operation temperature of seals and gasket: -15°C to 150°C • Enables microfluidic paths with different surface treatments to be created • Excellent chemical compatibility www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 47 Double Chip Interface H (Part No. 3200088) with two Linear Connectors 4-way (Part No. 3000024) and Droplet Junction Chips Double emulsions One key application of the Double Chip Interface H is the generation of double emulsions. Double emulsions have many important applications in nutrition, cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry, for example allowing an active ingredient or a cell to be enclosed inside a protective outer shell. Creating a double emulsion requires both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces in different parts of the system, which in a single device can be complex and expensive to achieve. Dolomite’s Double Chip Interface H provides a simple, time efficient and cost-effective solution. It allows direct coupling of a hydrophobic chip and a hydrophilic chip enabling generation of both water-oil-water and oil-water-oil droplets. The key for consistent droplet formation is a pump with a smooth and stable output. For more information on such devices please see our range of Micro Droplet Systems on page 94. 48 standard component solutions Connection to the surface of microfluidic chips Dolomite’s range of Top Interfaces allows users to create reliable fluidic connections to the surface of microfluidic chips. Multiflux™ Connector Chip Surface Interface Top Interfaces Dolomite’s Top Interfaces work in conjunction with the Linear Connectors (Part Nos. 3000024, 3000067 and 3000102) to provide a fluidic connection between the top surface of glass microfluidic chips and 1.6mm tubing. Available in 3 standard sizes, the Top Interfaces operate over a wide temperature and pressure range and offer excellent chemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents and chemicals to be used. Part No. 3000109 3000237 3000427 3000531 Chip thickness 4mm 2.15mm Chip width 15mm 15mm 45mm 30mm 4 4 12 8 Technical details Number of ports 4mm Max. operating pressure 30bar Operating temperature -15°C to 150°C Connection tubing material PEEK, FEP, PTFE Connector material Aluminium, stainless steel 316 Dead volume < 0.3µl per port www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 49 Connection between two sets of tubing Dolomite’s In-line Interfaces provide a single, fast and reliable multi-way connection which offers extensive time savings when compared to traditional connections between individual tubing. Multiflux™ Connector In-line Interface Linear In-line Interface The Linear In-line Interface works in conjunction with two Linear Connectors, providing inline sealing and highly accurate alignment between two sets of tubing, enabling uninterrupted liquid flow. Quick and easy to use, the low dead volume of the Linear In-line Interface reduces the risk of cross-contamination between fluid samples, thereby maintaining experimental integrity. The innovative technology benefits a broad range of applications, including chemical and biological analysis, parallel microfluidic processing, providing multi-way fluidic connections between various pieces of laboratory equipment. The Linear In-line Interfaces are compatible with a variety of polymeric tubes including PTFE, FEP and PEEK. The design also features two eyelets which allow the interface to be mounted on surfaces. Part No. 3000395 3000316 3000430 4 8 12 10bar 5bar Technical details Number of ports Max. operating pressure 30bar Chip thickness Chip width Operating temperature Material 50 4mm 15mm 30mm -15°C up to 150°C Aluminium, stainless steel 316 45mm standard component solutions Custom solution Circular In-line Interface 3200142 Designed for use with two Circular Connectors (Part No. 3000051) the Circular In-line Interface provides inline sealing and highly accurate alignment of up to eight high pressure fluid channels. Operating over a wide temperature range of -15°C to 150°C, the Circular In-line Interface offers excellent chemical compatibility allowing a wide range of solvents and chemicals to be used. Its low dead volume minimizes the risk of mixing between sequential fluid samples, benefiting a broad range of applications including multi-phase flow and sample injection systems. Features and benefits: • Small footprint • Operating pressure: up to 20bar • Automatic alignment • Low dead volume • Quick and easy to connect and disconnect • Excellent chemical resistance www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 51 Resealable Chip Interface Resealable Chip Interface 3000305 The Resealable Chip Interface has been designed to provide researchers with complete flexibility in their cell culture and analysis, dielectrophoresis, impedance detection and biosensor detection. With eight fluidic and eight electrical connections, microfluidic chips can be easily accessed and then sealed to allow deposition of reagents, cells or biosensors onto the channel surface. The low profile holder fits easily on a microscope stage, and windows at top or bottom allow a microscope objective lens to get within millimetres of the microfluidic channel, enabling easy viewing. The Resealable Chip Interface can be easily taken apart for cleaning and offers very good chemical resistance. Features and benefits: • Excellent access for optics • Excellent chemical resistance • 8 fluidic and 8 electrical connections • Allows deposition of reagents, sensors or cells onto the channel surface • Resealable Chip Interface, thin (Part No. 3000306): accommodates a 2mm base chip and 2mm top chip as well as a gasket between 0.1 and 0.5mm thick 52 standard component solutions Key components of the Resealable Chip Interface Resealable Chip Interface Top Manifold with seals PCB, Electrical Connector and Cable Linear Connector 4-way Resealable Chip Interface Base Part No. Part Name Description 3000148 Standard Resealable Chip Interface Base The base accommodates a 2mm bottom chip, a 3mm top layer chip and a gasket between 0.1 and 0.2mm thick 3000111 Resealable Chip Interface Top Provides clamping of the chip layers 3000304 PEEK Manifold with Seals The interface between the chip and Linear Connector 3000024 Linear Connector Allows connection to 1.6mm (1/16”) outside diameter PTFE tube 3000118 Electrical Interface PCB Provides 4 electrical connections to the base chip 3000168 Electrical Cable and Connector Connects to electrical interface PCB 3000147 Thin Resealable Chip Interface Base The thin chip holder base accommodates a 2mm bottom chip, a 2mm top chip and a gasket between 0.1 and 0.5mm thick 3000306 Thin Resealable Chip Interface Base, complete assembly A full assembly with the thin base www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 53 Resealable Chips Designed to be used with the Resealable Chip Interface, Dolomite provides a range of standard Resealable Chips. Top Chips Manual Injection Top Chip 3200069 • Liquids can be dispensed into the 10mm x 10mm x 3mm reservoir using a pipette. • The liquid will only come into contact with a 10mm x 10mm area on a base chip. Manual Multi-Injection Top Chip 3200070 • Liquids can be dispensed into the 25 reservoirs which are 1.5mm in diameter and 3mm high using a pipette. • The liquids will only come into contact with an array of 1.5mm diameter circles on the base chip. Top Chip, 1-in, 1-out 3200071 • Liquid can be pumped via the Linear Connector into the chip and across the surface of the base chip. • The channel depth is 100µm and the channel width is 11mm within the central region. Top Chip, 4-in, 1-out 3200072 • Liquid can be pumped via the Linear Connector. The channel depth is 100µm and the channel width is 11mm in the central region. • Four input streams can be connected with one output stream. • The channel width of the input streams is 0.5mm. Top Chip, 3-in, 1-out 3200120 • The channel depth of the chip is 100µm and the channel width is 3mm in the central region. • Three input streams can be connected with one output stream. • Also features a straight 1-in, 1-out channel. 54 standard component solutions How to use the Resealable Chip Interface First, the base chip is loaded into the holder followed by the gasket and top layer. The holder then clamps all layers together providing fluidic and electrical connections to the chip. Reagents, sensors, biosensors or cells can be deposited on the chip base layer. The chip base layer material is typically glass, quartz, or polymer. Fluids are then flowed through channels in the gasket layer over the deposited sensors or reagents. Base Chips The Base Chips are made from glass and require a Top Chip to make a fluidic seal. All Top Chips feature an integrated elastomer gasket which seals with the Base Chip. Blank Base Chip 3000343 • There are no etched features on this chip. • Examples of use include the deposition of thin layers onto the surface of the chip prior to assembly in the holder for fluidic experiments. Large Well Base Chip 3000478 • A central square 9mm x 9mm area is etched to a depth of 100µm. This provides a recessed area in the fluid flow path. • Materials or samples can be deposited in the recess prior to assembly in the holder. Wellplate Chip 3000218 The Wellplate Chip has a 40 x 40 array of nano-litre wells and covers an area of 10 x 10mm. The wells can be used for depositing reagents or for trapping cells or droplets. Custom design Dolomite offers a wide range of custom solutions. Accommodating a base layer, top layer and gasket, the Resealable Chip Interface is compatible with chips of dimensions 22.3mm x 29.8mm. Please contact us to discuss your exact requirements. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 55 Other interfaces and accessories Membrane Chip Interface with Separator Chip 3000135 This device is designed to hold a chip with two etched glass layers with a removable membrane layer between. One application is liquid-liquid extraction where the Separator Chip is used to split a flow stream containing immiscible organic and aqueous solvent phases. Another application is cross-flow filtration. Features and benefits: • Quick and easy to connect/disconnect • Operating temperature: up to 150°C • Operation pressure: up to 10bar • Compact design • Low dead volume • Excellent chemical compatibility • Wide range of membranes available PDMS Interface Dolomite is collaborating with two world-leading microfluidic research organizations to develop a new version of its connector systems, optimized for use with PDMS devices. PDMS chips are frequently used for academic work, due to their low cost and short development time. However, it is often difficult and time consuming to make reliable fluidic connections to these devices. Since PDMS chips are soft and often variable in shape, they present a challenge for interfacing. Dolomite has devised a system which will be engineered and fully tested in collaboration with our partner organizations. The new PDMS Interfaces will be compact, easy to use, low cost, and able to interface multiple connections to the two distinct types of devices used: PMDS-on-glass and all-PDMS chips. Please contact us for more information. 56 standard component solutions The following accessories can be used together with our Multiflux™ connectors: Linear Connector Seal 3000021 Designed for the range of Linear Connectors, the seal allows a fast and reliable connection between Dolomite chips and 1.6mm O.D tubing. Circular Connector Seal 3000054 The Circular Connector Seal can be used together with the Circular Connector (Part No. 3000051) enabling a fast and reliable connection to the surface of microfluidic chips. Custom option All of our Multiflux™ Connectors and Interfaces can be used with your own microfluidic devices and systems. Please turn to page 58 to learn more about the geometry of our connectors and the design features that are required to develop your own Multiflux™ compatible device. Dolomite also offers a wide range of custom solutions including bespoke connector solutions as well as microfluidic chips with different junction geometries, channel sizes and surface properties. Please contact us to discuss your exact requirements or go to page 100 to read more about our custom devices. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 57 How to design Multiflux™ compatible devices Dolomite’s Multiflux™ range can be used to make multi-way fluidic connections between pumps, valves and other fluidic modules in your system. This section describes the features that must be included on your system to enable interfacing with a Multiflux™ component. The features include the fluid holes (ports), threads and alignment features. The diagrams below show suggested interfaces for the Linear Connector 4-way and 8-way and the Circular Connector. The thumb screws on the connectors engage with the threads shown in the connector interfaces. Tightening down the thumb screws will provide a compression force on the seal in the connector. Compressing the seal results in sealing between the tubes in the connector and the surface of the interface. The thumb screws are sized so that hand tightening results in the connector sealing to the pressure specified in the datasheet. This assumes that the sealing surface is flat and clean. The thumb screw threads also provide rough alignment between the Multiflux™ devices and the fluid holes on the interface. To improve the accuracy of alignment we suggest that the connector is also aligned to some surfaces on the interface. These surfaces are indicated in the diagrams below. It will be necessary to use these surfaces when aligning pipes with small internal diameters (<0.5mm). For the Linear Connector an additional surface is indicated in blue this surface is required to hold the fluid tubes in the connector. If this surface is not included then there is a risk that the fluid tubes could be pulled out of the connector. This surface is not required when using the Circular Connector. Multiflux™ Linear Connector (4-way and 8-way) 3000024 l 3000102 Linear Connector 4-way Connector interface Linear Connector 8-way Connector interface 58 standard component solutions Geometry for Linear Connector 4-way Green surfaces can be used to provide alignment for the Linear Connector Blue surfaces are used to hold tubes in position in the Linear Connector Geometry for Linear Connector 8-way Green surfaces can be used to provide alignment for the Linear Connector Blue surfaces are used to hold tubes in position in the Linear Connector Please contact us for information on the Linear Connector 12-way. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 59 Multiflux™ Circular Connector 3000051 Circular Connector Connector interface Geometry for Circular Connector This surface is required to align the Circular Connector This notch provides angular alignment Eight fluid ports equally spaced on sealing surface 60 standard component solutions Using Multiflux™ compatible devices Dolomite is regarded by many as a “centre of excellence” for the design, prototyping and manufacture of microfluidic solutions. Since 2005 we have launched over 150 leading edge products pioneering new technologies as well as the use of microfluidic devices for small scale fluid control and analysis. We are proud of our achievements and very passionate about protecting our brands. You do not need our permission to use our Multiflux™ Connectors or Multiflux™ Compatible Interfaces. However, if you are designing and/or manufacturing your own Multiflux™ compatible device, please make sure that it is defined as “Multiflux™ compatible” using the correct trademark as outlined in this section. Please contact us for more information. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 61 Microfluidic Pumps Dolomite provides a wide range of user-friendly pumps, designed specifically to manipulate fluids in microfluidic systems helping you evaluate your microfluidic concepts quickly and accelerate your time to market. Our range of microfluidic pumps includes: • Pressure Pumps providing stable and pulseless flow both at very low and very high flow rates, • Syringe Pumps, a versatile pumping solution offering smooth flow rate from < 1µl/min to >10ml/min for a wide range of applications, as well as • Electro-osmotic Pumps for smooth flow where small size is priority, • Peristaltic and Piezoelectric Pumps providing compact and lightweight solutions. Contents Pressure Pumps Mitos P-Pump 64 Pressure Pump Accessories 66 Syringe Pumps Mitos Duo XS-Pump 73 Mitos Quad XS-Pump 76 Miniature Pumps Piezoelectric Pumps 78 Peristaltic Pumps 78 Electro-osmotic Pumps 79 62 standard component solutions Which pump is right for me? At Dolomite we understand that every application is unique. Whether you are looking for pulseless liquid flow or a compact and lightweight solution, Dolomite can help you with its wide range of microfluidic pumps. The table below compares the main features of our microfluidic pumps helping you to make the right decision: Performance parameter Smoothness Power consumption Lowest flow rate Material compatability o o o o Lab costs Volume cost Pressure limit (high) Size Pump type Peristaltic Pump o Syringe Pump Pressure Pump o Piezoelectric Pump o Electro-osmotic Pump o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o = Excellent = Above average o = Average = Below average o = Poor Looking for something else? Please contact us if the specifications do not meet your requirement. We can help you with portable low power solutions, temperature control, flow sensor feedback, PC interface or OEM modules. For further information on our custom devices, please turn to page 100. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 63 Pressure Pumps The Mitos P-Pump is a pressure pump providing pulseless liquid flow. The pressure pumping technology offers many advantages over traditional syringe pumps, for example a faster response time. Mitos P-Pump 3200016 The Mitos P-Pump features a novel pumping technology providing stable and pulseless flow even at very low flow rates. Operating over a wide pressure range of up to 10bar, the Mitos P-Pump offers a flexible solution for microfluidic systems operating from nl/min to ml/min and is suitable for use with viscous liquids. The design features a lockable pressure chamber, which is easy to access and accommodates a wide range of fluid vessels. It has a capacity for fluid samples from 100µl to 30ml allowing long experimental runs. The Mitos P-Pump uses fluid directly from your chosen vial reducing sample waste. pressure driven Right: pressure driven pumping mechanism fluid flow fluid flow pumping mechanism sensor sensor monitors monitors chamber chamber pressure pressure P pressure in in chamber pressure maintained at chamber constant value maintained at constant value control control mechanism mechanism air flow flow air adjusted toto adjusted control control pressure pressure airairflow flow pressure chamber pressure chamber Features and benefits: • Precise pressure control, resolution: 1mbar • Excellent accuracy and response time • Wide pressure range enables use with systems of high and low fluidic resistance • Integrates with Dolomite Flow Sensors • Excellent chemical compatibility • Eliminates dead volume and sample waste • Flow conditions can be changed quickly and easily • Free PC software including LabVIEWTM drivers • Requires external pressure source 64 standard component solutions Once the fluidic sample has been loaded into the Mitos P-Pump and the pump has been connected, it is possible to control the pressure via a display and intuitive twist-and-click knob. Additionally, a PC software suite is available enabling the pump to be controlled from a simple PC application, or from your own control software. Droplet formation The Mitos P-Pump is ideal for microfluidic systems where a highly stable flow is required for applications such as droplet formation. In combination with the Droplet Junction Chips it enables the generation of more than 10,000 droplets per second with extremely consistent diameters (monodispersed). Furthermore, its innovative pumping technology combined with flow resistors offers the user precise control over both droplet size and production rate. Please go to page 96 to read more about our Pressure-based Droplet Starter System. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 65 Pressure Pump Accessories Dolomite offers a broad range of accessories including flow resistors, vessel holders and starter kits. How to choose the right accessories? Does the system have low flow resistance? YES Flow Resistor required see page 69 YES Flow Resistor required see page 69 YES Flow Rate Sensor required see page 67 YES Remote Chamber required see page 68 NO 3-way Accessories required see page 70 NO Do you have 2 or more liquids of different viscosity which meet at a junction? NO Do you want to monitor flow rate? NO Is your sample volume greater than 30ml? NO Do you want to control flow rates independently while running experiments? YES You will require 1 pump for each independent flow stream. Please contact us! 66 standard component solutions Mitos P-Pump Vessel Holder Kit 3200017 The Mitos P-Pump Vessel Holders Kit contains 4 vessel holders to enable the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) to be used with a wide range of standard and non-standard fluid vessels. These include centrifuge tubes, autosampler vials, scintillation vials, microreaction vials and other general purpose vials. The vessel holders can be easily positioned inside the pressure chamber and are quick to change. Features and benefits: • Accommodates a wide range of standard and non-standard fluid vessels • Minimizes sample waste by pumping directly from your container • Allows micro vials to be used for low sample volumes • Material: stainless steel • Vial diameter: 8mm, 11mm and 16.5mm Mitos Flow Rate Sensors The Mitos Flow Rate Sensors enable fast and accurate measurements of ultra low liquid flow rates. The high precision thermal sensor technology provides total media isolation and very low internal volume with no moving parts. All measurement data is fully calibrated and temperature compensated by means of an internal microcontroller. Please turn to page 80 to find out more about our range of Flow Rate Sensors and Sensor Units. Features and benefits: • Real-time display of flow rates • Easy to use, just connect and switch on • Sensors have low internal volume to minimize interference with fluid flow • Standalone operation or integrated with a PC or Mitos P-Pump system • Excellent chemical resistance www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 67 Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 400 3200043 The Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 400 is a glass pressure chamber for use with the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016). It enables greater sample volumes up to 400ml to be used, so that continuous pumping for longer periods of time is possible. With the precise pressure-driven pumping mechanism of the Mitos P-Pump, the flow from the chamber is highly stable and pulsefree. Operating over a wide pressure range up to 10bar, the Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 400 is simple to connect and provides clear viewing of the sample liquid. For applications requiring temperature control and stirring, the Remote Chamber can be placed onto a hotplate/magnetic stirrer. Features and benefits: • Pressure range: 0 - 10bar • Maximum temperature: 50ºC • Sample volume: up to 400ml • Size: Ø 148mm x H 200mm • Chamber material: stainless steel, glass, Viton and PEEK • Continuous pumping for longer periods • Easy to view sample liquid levels • 250ml DURAN vessel included • Excellent chemical compatibility 68 standard component solutions Mitos P-Pump Flow Resistors Features and benefits: • Maximize flow rate range and performance of the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) • Enables low flow rate performance for systems of low fluidic resistance • Prevents flow rate instability when using fluids of different viscosities • Quick to connect and release • Excellent chemical compatibility Designed for use with the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016), the Flow Resistors allow user to add additional flow resistance to a microfluidic system. The Flow Resistors enable very low flow rates to be achieved when connecting the Mitos P-Pump to systems of low fluidic resistance. For applications such as droplet generation, the Flow Resistors can be used to prevent flow rate instability due to the varying back pressure generated by using immiscible fluids of different viscosities. Dolomite offers a wide range of Flow Resistors to optimize your microfluidic system. Part No. 3200028 F1 3200029 F3 3200030 F10 3200031 F30 3200032 F100 1µl/min 3µl/min 10µl/min 30µl/min 100µl/min Max. flow rate 10µl/min 30µl/min 100µl/min 300µl/min 1000µl/min Min. flow rate 0.01µl/min 0.03µl/min 0.1µl/min 0.3µl/min 1µl/min Technical details Approx. flow rate generated by water pumped at 1bar pressure Wetted materials FEP and PEEK Dolomite also offers the Mitos Flow Resistor Kit (Part No. 3200083) which contains one of each of the Flow Resistors mentioned above. Custom Flow Resistor Kit 3200049 Designed for use with the Pressure-based Droplet Starter System, the kit contains high tolerance FEP tubing with 100µm microbore and the required fittings to connect into the droplet system. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 69 Flow Resistor F0.1 3200135 As part of Dolomite’s Flow Resistor range, this PEEK device enables low flow rate performance for systems of low fluidic resistance and prevents flow rate instability when using fluids of different viscosities. Quick and easy to use, the Flow Resistor F0.1 provides a flow rate of approximately 0.1µl/min when water is pumped at 1bar pressure. It is a calibrated length of 1/16 OD tubing with attached 2µm filter and 1/4 - 28 fitting that can be connected directly to Dolomite chips using a Linear Connector 4-way (Part No. 3000024). With an internal diameter of 25µm, the Flow Resistor F0.1 offers excellent chemical resistance allowing a broad range of fluids and chemicals to be used. Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit 3200045 The Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit is designed to accommodate 3 micro tubes in the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016). Included in the kit are compatible micro tubes with 1.5ml volume. When used in conjunction with the Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid (Part No. 3200044), it provides a low cost method of delivering 3 reagents to a microfluidic system with pulseless pressure pump technology. Features and benefits: • Vessel holder material: stainless steel • Vessel Holder hole diameter: 11mm • Vessel Holder base diameter: 29mm • Vessel Holder height: 15mm • Micro tube volume: 1.5ml • Number of micro tubes included in the kit: 20 • Tube material: polypropylene • Quick and easy to install and remove • Locating feature to align micro tubes with outlet ports in chamber lid 70 standard component solutions Mitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories (Part No. 3200094) Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid 3200044 The Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid can be used together with the Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit (Part No. 3200045) to pump 3 liquids simultaneously from the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016). Features and benefits: • Provides a low cost solution for 3-channel pumping (all 3 channels pump at the same pressure, flow rate depends on viscosity and flow resistance of fluids used) • Push-and-rotate mechanism that is quick to open and close • Safety features to ensure chamber is locked when pressurized • Contains plugs to enable ports to be blocked when not required • Number of ports: 3 Mitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories 3200094 The Mitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories includes both the Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid (Part No. 3200044) and the Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit (Part No. 3200045). www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 71 Mitos P-Pump Starter Kit 3200033 The Mitos P-Pump Flow Starter Kit contains a selection of vessels to enable sample liquids to be introduced into the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016). It also contains a selection of tubing and fittings to enable fluidic connection to be made between the Mitos P-Pump and a microfluidic system. Pneumatic Connector Kit 3200034 The Pneumatic Connector Kit contains a selection of fittings and tubing to enable connection of a compressed air or gas supply to the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016). Mitos Compressor 3200118 l 3200117 Delivering oil-free and filtered air, the Mitos Compressor allows the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) to be used in areas where no compressed air supply or gas bottle are available. Available for 230V/50Hz (Part No. 3200117) and 110V/60Hz (Part No. 3200118), the portable compressor can be easily connected to the pump using the Pneumatic Connector Kit (Part No. 3200034). Dip Tube Fitting 3200143 Designed for use with the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016), the Dip Tube Fitting allows users to easily connect a dip tube into a fluid vessel on the Mitos P-Pump. The fitting features an in-built strain relief and is compatible with 1/16 OD tubing and 1/4 - 28 flat bottom ports. 72 standard component solutions Syringe Pumps The Mitos Syringe Pump offers a versatile microfluidic pumping solution. A wide range of accessories and choice of flow modes allows simple or complex flow control. Mitos Duo XS-Pump 3200057 The Mitos Duo XS-Pump has been specifically developed for microfluidic applications where smooth flow is required. The microfluidic pumping system achieves this through its advanced drive electronics that minimize the pulsation from the stepper motor. Flow rates can be set with the twist-and-click control knob and large display. Automated liquid reagent addition may be carried out by setting dispense volume or flow rate over a time period. The pump features 2 independent syringes and 2 multi-port valves allowing it to be configured in a number of ways. It can, for example, deliver up to 10 different fluids sequentially (when using the 6 ports valves) to one input channel of a chip, or the same fluid sequentially to 10 different input channels, or provide just one continuous smooth flow of fluid as described on page 74. The Mitos Duo XS-Pump can be used with the Sample Injection Valve (Part No. 3200037) allowing small liquid samples to be injected into microfluidic systems. Features and benefits: • Versatile: offers a broad range of fluid delivery capabilities • Advanced drive electronics • 2 channels • Automatic refill without disruptions to the fluid flow • Operating pressure up to 6bar (90psi) • Wide flow rate range: 0.1µl/min to 10ml/min • Small footprint • Compact: 26 x 16 x 25cm • Sealed system • Quick and easy replacement of syringes and valves • Excellent chemical compatibility www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 73 Modes of operation The Mitos Duo-XS Pump allows a choice of dosing modes that enable simple additions or intelligent active control of various parameters. The following three main modes of operation are available: Dual Dosing Mode In Dual Dosing Mode, each of the two syringes is operated entirely independently as a refilling single syringe pump allowing to dose a volume (over time), pump at a specific flow rate, dose from one source to many reactors or run sophisticated profiles. Continuous Mode In Continuous Mode the two syringe pumps work together to produce one continuous flow, i.e. one is refilling while the other one is dispensing. The flow rate is stable and can be defined over a wide range. PC Control Mode This mode of operation allows dual dosing and continuous mode to be controlled by PC software. For PC Mode, the pump should be connected directly to the PC via the USB connection at the back of the pump. Performance Flow rate µl/min 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 rate accuracy test FlowFlow rate accuracy test The graphs show the flow performance that can be obtained using the Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No. 3200057) with a 12.5µl glass syringe. The graphs show flow rate (raw data) measured using Dolomite’s Mitos Sensor Units.* 1.2 Flow rate (ul/min) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 10 5 10 20 Time (seconds)30 15 20 25 30 35 40 40 45 * Prior to the tests some optimization was carried out to match the response of the pump to the fluidic system. 50 50 time in seconds Flow rate µl/min 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Flow rate µl/min Gradient test Gradient test 1.2 1 1.2 1.2 0.8 Flow rate (ul/min) Flow rate (ul/min) Response Responsetime time test test 1.4 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 5 10 10 15 20 20 25 30 30 Time (seconds) 35 40 40 45 50 50 55 60 60 0 0 0 0 5 5 time in seconds 10 10 Time (seconds) 15 15 time in seconds Mitos Duo XS-Pump Basic 3200066 The Mitos Duo XS-Pump Basic does not feature a twist-and-click control knob and display and is instead operated via free PC software. All the other features of the pump are the same as for the Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No. 3200057) including extra smooth pumping, wide flow rate range and various modes of operation. 74 standard component solutions The following accessories are available to be used with the Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No. 3200057) and Mitos Duo XS-Pump Basic (Part No. 3200066): Syringe Pump Starter Kit 3000335 The Syringe Pump Starter Kit contains a selection of tubing and fittings to enable fluidic connection to be made between the Mitos Duo XS-Pump or Mitos Duo XS-Pump Basic and a microfluidic system. It also contains various allen keys for valves and syringes. Syringes for Mitos Duo XS-Pump Part No. 3000248 3000249 3000250 3000251 3000252 3000253 3000254 0.5µl/min to 100µl/min 1µl/min to 200µl/ min 2.5µl/min to 500µl/ min 5µl/min to 1ml/min 10µl/min to 2ml/min 25µl/min to 5ml/min 50µl/min to 10ml/min 50µl 100µl 250µl 500µl 1ml 2.5ml 5ml Technical details Typical flow rates Volume Valves for Mitos Duo XS-Pump Part No. 3000244 3000245 2 3 3000246 3000247 4 6 Technical details Ports Max. pressure Material www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 6bar PTFE/PCTFE 75 Mitos Quad XS-Pump 3200056 The Mitos Quad XS-Pump is a versatile microfluidic pumping solution. It provides 2 continuous flows with in-line pressure sensing for each channel. Flow pulsation is minimized with advanced drive electronics. The pump is operated with an intuitive twist-and-click control knob and a large display allowing set-up and configuration, setting of pressure trip limits as well as changing flow rates independently on each channel. The Mitos Quad XS-Pump uses advanced drive electronics to reduce pulsations from the drive systems. This is important in microfluidic systems where the flow rate is typically less than 10µl/min and the system volume is less than 100µl. Providing ultra smooth flow, the Mitos Quad XS-Pump is extremely chemically resistant and operates over a wide pressure range up to 20bar (300psi). The compact module offers two independent flow channels each with an integrated pressure sensor and a flow rate range from 0.1µl/min - 10ml/min. The Mitos Quad XS-Pump features valve modules, syringes and pressure sensors which can be removed, added or replaced very quickly and easily. Features and benefits: • Extra smooth pumping eliminates pulsation issues • Wide flow rate range: 0.1µl/min - 10ml/min • Operating pressure: 0 - 20bar (0 - 300psi) • Number of channels: 2 continuous (2 inputs and outputs) • Excellent chemical compatibility • Small footprint: 26 x 16 x 25cm • Easy to use • In-line pressure sensing • Supplied with valves and in-line pressure sensors The Mitos Quad XS-Pump benefits any application that requires smooth and uninterupted flow including droplet research, chemical synthesis and development as well as flow chemistry. In either standalone mode or PC mode, flow rate can be controlled quickly and easily. When used as part of a larger flow chemistry system, the Quad Pump accurately controls and runs complex flow chemistry experiments with the click of a button. 76 standard component solutions Syringe Pump Starter Kit 3000335 The Syringe Pump Starter Kit contains a selection of tubing and fittings to enable fluidic connection to be made between the Mitos Quad XS-Pump (Part No. 3200056) and a microfluidic system. It also contains various allen keys for valves and syringes. Syringe Pairs for Mitos Quad XS-Pump Part No. 3200004 3200005 3200006 3200007 0.5µl/min to 200µl/min 2.5µl/min to 1ml/min 5µl/min to 2ml/min 25µl/min to 10ml/min 0 - 10bar 0 - 20bar 0 - 20bar 0 - 20bar 50µl and 100µl 250µl and 500µl 500µl and 1ml 1ml and 5ml Technical details Typical flow rates Operating pressure Volume Wetted materials Glass, PTFE Valve Block for Mitos Quad XS-Pump 3200010 • 1 input and 1 output • Operation pressure: 0 - 20bar • Wetted material: PTFE, PCTFE, perfluoroelastomer Pressure Sensor for Mitos Quad XS-Pump 3200011 • Operation pressure: 0 - 20bar • Wetted material: PTFE www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 77 Miniature Pumps Dolomite offers a wide range of Miniature Pumps providing lightweight and compact solutions, ideal for integration into compact or portable instruments. Piezoelectric Pumps 3200138 l 3200139 l 3200140 The Piezoelectric Pump is a compact, quiet and low power micropump. By varying the applied voltage and frequency, the flow rate from the pump can be adjusted up to a maximum of 20ml/min. This provides a flexible solution for handling small to medium volumes of fluid. There are 3 pumps available for different flow rate ranges (up to 3, 7 and 20ml/min) and an optional controller for easy variation of flow control parameters. The pump technology uses the piezoelectric effect for the actuation of a diaphragm resulting in fluid movement through the diaphragm chamber. There are two fluid ports for connection of Ø 2 – 2.4mm ID soft tubing: an inlet port for drawing fluid from a reservoir into the chamber and an outlet port for pumping fluid into the system. Peristaltic Pumps 3200024 l 3200054 l 3200055 Dolomite’s Peristaltic Pump offers a very compact and lightweight solution, ideal for applications such as medical and diagnostic equipment, fermentation and cell culture, as well as environmental sampling. Easy to use, it has very low power consumption and is supplied with silicone tubing fitted. Available in a pack of 2 (Part No. 3200024), pack of 5 (Part No. 3200054) and pack of 10 (Part No. 3200055), Dolomite’s Peristaltic Pump is a compact pump that delivers up to 0.45ml/min, with flow rate adjusted by controlling voltage. Technical details Value Dimension 30mm x 12mm x 14mm Flow rate 0.45ml/min Discharge pressure 0 - 50kPa Power consumption 0.12W Voltage 3V DC Material Silicone Weight 11g 78 standard component solutions Piezoelectric Pump (Part No. 3200138) Electro-osmotic Pumps Dolomite’s Electro-osmotic Pumps provide excellent pumping performance in a miniature package. This technology is ideal for integration into a microfluidic system due to the product size and the precise control that can be achieved in the low flow rate range. Electro-osmotic flow is generated in the pump by applying a low voltage across the two electrodes. This may be implemented using a battery or DC power supply unit. Please contact us for more information. Features and benefits: • No pulsation • No moving parts • Small size • High pressure performance • Easy operation • Connect directly to a DC supply or battery to pump fluid www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 79 Microfluidic Sensors Dolomite’s Mitos Sensor Units provide a flexible system for measuring and displaying pressure and flow rates in microfluidic systems. Mitos Sensor Display 3200095 The Mitos Sensor Display can be used interchangeably with the Mitos Pressure Sensor (Part No. 3200119) and Mitos Flow Rate Sensors (Part Nos. 3200096 - 3200100) which simply attach with a push-click action. Easy to use, the Mitos Sensor Display provides a USB connection and visual output for displaying micro-scale flow rate and pressure. Features and benefits: • Real-time display of flow rates • Interchangeable flow rate sensors to provide wide range of flow rates • Sensors have low internal volume to minimize interference with fluid flow • Standalone operation or integrated with a PC or a Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) • Excellent chemical resistance Mitos Pressure Sensor 3200119 The Mitos Pressure Sensor offers an in-line, flow through design which eliminates ‘unswept’ volume. The flow path has a low internal volume and negligible pressure drop to ensure the flow is subjected to minimal interruption. Operating over a wide pressure range from -0.5bar to 20bar with a resolution of 0.1bar, the Mitos Pressure Sensor features an internal PTFE coating which ensures excellent chemical resistance. 80 standard component solutions Mitos Flow Rate Sensors The Mitos Flow Rate Sensors enable fast and accurate measurements of ultra low liquid flow rates. The high precision thermal sensor technology provides total media isolation and extremely low internal volume with no moving parts. All measurement data is fully calibrated for water and temperature compensated by means of an internal microcontroller. Excellent chemical resistance and bio-compatibility are also ensured. Part No. 3200096 3200097 3200098 3200099 3200100 0.2-5ml/min 30-1000µl/min 1-50µl/min 0.4-7µl/min 70-1500nl/min Technical details Flow rate range (calibrated for water) Flow rate accuracy 5% Response time 10% 30ms Max. pressure 3bar 5bar Overall size 100bar 200bar 75mm x 82mm x 60mm Connected fluid capillary OD 1.6mm Wetted materials 0.8mm* PEEK, Glass and PTFE * supplied with a 1/4-28 connector converter www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 81 Using the Mitos Sensor Units with the Mitos P-Pump The Mitos Sensor Display and Mitos Flow Rate Sensors are compatible with the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) for measuring and displaying flow rates. The Flow Rate Sensor simply attaches to the Mitos Sensor Display with a push-click action. Once connected to a Flow Rate Sensor, the display can be used as a standalone device (picture above) or sit on top of the Mitos P-Pump (picture on the left). By connecting the USB lead of the Sensor Display to the Mitos P-Pump, the display is powered and the Mitos P-Pump records the flow rates which will be stored in a log file within the pump together with the pressure control data. 82 standard component solutions Other microfluidic sensors In partnership with Sensirion, Dolomite offers a range of Microfluidic Flow Rate Sensors which enable extremely fast and accurate measurements of ultra low liquid flow rates. Compact and lightweight, the sensors operate with total media isolation, low internal volume and no moving parts. The unsurpassed CMOSens® sensor technology combines a high precision thermal sensor element, amplification, A/D converter circuit and digital signal processing on a single chip. All measurement data is fully calibrated and temperature compensated by means of an internal microcontroller. To avoid blockage Dolomite recommends the use of an appropriate inline filter, especially when using the smaller Flow Rate Sensors (Part Nos. 3000240 - 3000242). Features and benefits: • Extremely sensitive and fast response • Measures very low liquid flow rates • High resolution and large dynamic range • Low internal volume • Low power consumption • Excellent chemical resistance and bio-compatibility Laboratory Kit The Microfluidic Flow Rate Sensors are provided in a Laboratory Kit which contains all fittings required for immediate use. The kit also includes a software package which allows users to capture, visualise and export measurement data. Part No. 3000238 3000239 3000240 3000241 3000242 200-4000µl/min 40-1000µl/min 1-40µl/min 0.25-7µl/min 0.05-1.5µl/min Technical details Flow rate range Operating temperature Max. pressure Connected fluid capillary OD Wetted materials 0°C to 60°C 3bar 10°C to 45°C 5bar 150bar 350bar 350bar 1.6mm 0.36mm Glass capillary with PEEK fittings and Teflon® seal Quartz (fused silica) capillary with PEEK fittings www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 83 Microfluidic Valves Dolomite offers a range of microfluidic valves enabling the precise fluid control in microfluidic instruments. Valves benefit many applications such as controlled introduction of multiple reagent streams for performing on-chip assay and allowing fluid supply to microreactors which is very sensitive to rapid fluid movement. Sample Injection Valve 3200037 This 6/2 valve enables small liquid samples to be injected into microfluidic systems without the sample passing through a pump, as shown below. The liquid reagent is loaded onto the sample loop via a Luer port. The loop is then switched into the flow stream and the sample flows into the microfluidic system. With a port-to-port volume of <5µl the Sample Injection Valve is one of the smallest manual injection valves available. The valve is rated to 30bar and loops from 25µl to 5ml can be used. The tubing loop itself is neatly integrated into the housing for temperature stability which is important at low flow rates, and can be quickly and easily adjusted by the user to suit individual requirements. The Sample Injection Valve can also be mounted on a clamp stand as shown on page 85. fill Sample Injection Valve microfluidic chip solvent or buffer Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No. 3200057) waste The Sample Injection Valve is supplied with a Luer fitting, three 1m lengths of FEP tubing 250µm I.D. and 1.6mm O.D. as well as 500µl sample loop tubing. 84 standard component solutions Sample Injection Valve on a clamp stand Open: sample loop of the Sample Injection Valve Micro Shape Memory Alloy Valve 3000181 With an overall size of 4mm x 16mm x 16.5mm, the Micro Shape Memory Alloy Valve (MSMAV) is especially suitable for low power consumption applications as it can perform with less than 0.3W power. The valve is controlled using a constant current supply of 250mA. The MSMAV actuation mechanism is completely silent and moves more slowly than conventional solenoid valves. The perfluoroelastomer diaphragm and PEEK body ensure that the fluid only comes into contact with inert materials. Features and benefits: • Power consumption < 0.3W • Low internal volume • Silent operation • Excellent chemical resistance (wetted materials PEEK and perfluoroelastomer) • Lightweight: < 1g • Operating pressure: up to 0.8bar • Ideal for integration into microfluidic systems www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 85 Solenoid Valves Dolomite’s Solenoid Valves are ideal for integration into microfluidic systems due to their very small size and ultra low internal volume. Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount 3000179 l 3000180 Operating up to a pressure of 2bar, the Isolation Solenoid Valve is designed for use with a wide range of media. The perfluoroelastomer diaphragm and PEEK body ensure that the fluid only comes into contact with inert materials. Available in 12V and 24V, the valves offer a low internal volume of 4µl (IN port) and 25µl (OUT port) and are therefore wellsuited for microfluidics. Dolomite also offers the 12V Isolation Solenoid Valve in a pack of 5 (Part No. 3200084). Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve 3000173 l 3000174 l 3000175 l 3000176 The Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve is 4.2mm in size, enabling valve mounting area and flow path lengths to be minimized. Operating up to a pressure of 1bar, the Micro Isolation Solenoid Valves offer excellent chemical compatibility allowing a wide range of solvents and chemicals to be used. The valves are available with tube barb and gasket configuration. Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve 3000177 l 3000178 Available in 12V and 24V, the Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve features a slim 6mm wide design which allows it to be mounted in a small space. A series of these valves can be connected together using the through holes provided in the valve body for easy manifolding. The low internal volume of 10µl (each port) makes these valves ideal for microfluidics. Dolomite also offers the 12V Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve in a pack of 5 (Part No. 3200085). 86 standard component solutions 0 2cm Features and benefits: • Compact and lightweight solution • Low internal volume • Excellent chemical resistance (wetted materials PEEK and perfluoroelastomer) • Continuous duty • Ideal for integration into microfluidic systems • Easy to create manifolds by linking valves together Part No. 3000173 3000174 3000175 3000176 3000177 3000178 3000179 3000180 Technical details Solenoid valve Micro Isolation Voltage Port connection 5V DC Gasket Fluid temperature Internal volume Miniature Isolation 24V DC Tube barb Gasket 10°C - 50°C 1.1µl 4.3µl 12V DC O-ring seal 0°C - 50°C 1.5µl in: 10µl, out: 10µl Isolation 24V DC 12V DC Gasket 0°C- 40°C in: 4µl, out: 25µl Custom option Please contact us if the specifications do not meet your requirements. We can help you with custom manifolds and alternative layout of fluid ports. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 87 Temperature Control Dolomite offers a range of temperature control devices providing precise control over internal temperatures of microfluidic systems. The use of temperature control systems is key in a number of applications including nanostructure generation, controlled microreactions, and droplet microfluidics where droplets can be kept at certain temperature to prevent a solidification reaction until the droplets have left the chip. If our standard devices do not meet your requirements, Dolomite can provide custom heating and incubation solutions for a range of applications. Please contact us to discuss your specific requirements. Hotplate 3000222 l 3000223 The Hotplate is a digitally controlled device with external Pt100 (temperature probe), which locates in the Hotplate Adaptor (Part No. 3000207) for optimal control of reaction temperature. The Hotplate allows the user to set and directly control the temperature of the Hotplate Adaptor. The Hotplate Adaptor is in excellent thermal contact with the chip, and the microfluidic channels have very high surface area to volume ratio. These two factors mean that the actual fluid temperature is also accurately controlled. Available as Hotplate 230 (Part No. 3000223) compatible with UK mains supply 230V and Hotplate 110 (Part No. 3000222) compatible with US mains supply of 110V, the Hotplate operates over a wide temperature range from room temperature up to 300°C. Hotplate Adaptor 3000207 The Hotplate Adaptor allows temperature control of microfluidic chips in conjunction with a range of hotplates. With the ability to hold a chip in position, the Hotplate Adaptor can be used with the Micromixer Chip (Part No. 3000144), T-Junction Chip (Part No. 3000014), Thin T-Junction Chip (Part No. 3000086) and Droplet Generation Chip (Part No. 3000211) for advanced management of fluid heating. Features and benefits: • Precise control of reaction temperatures • Quick chip connection and release • Excellent chemical compatibility • Max. operating temperature: 250°C • Compact design 88 standard component solutions Hotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H 3200111 The Hotplate Adaptor – Chip Holder H allows control over internal temperatures of microfluidic chips without any disruptions to the fluid flow. Holding a microfluidic chip securely in position, the Hotplate Adaptor enables users to pre-heat or post-heat fluids by using the integrated tube heater. Operating over a wide temperature range of up to 100°C, the adaptor is supplied with a removable lid that can be closed to maintain the chip at constant temperatures which is very important for cell-based analytical studies to maintain cell viability. A glass viewing window (22mm in diameter) facilitates microscopic observations. Quick and easy to use, the Hotplate Adaptor – Chip Holder H has been specifically designed for use with the Chip Interface H (Part No. 3000155) and two Linear Connectors 4-way (Part Hotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H on hotplate No. 3000024) which provide an automatic alignment to the chip holder. The adaptor is compatible with Dolomite’s Droplet Junction Chips and Y-Junction Chips. Please turn to page 24 to read more about our microfluidic chips. Features and benefits: • Optional pre-heating and/or post-heating of fluids • Removable lid for maintaining constant temperatures inside the device • Viewing window for microscopic observation • Chip size: 22.5mm x 15mm Hotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H and lid • Chip thickness: 4mm Technical details Value Max. operating temperature 100°C Diameter 120mm Base material Aluminium Lid material Delrin Length of tubing pre- and post-heater Tubing size 200mm 1/16” O.D. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 89 Flow Accessories When working with microfluidic systems and devices you need to consider every detail, big and small. To ensure success Dolomite offers a wide range of tubing, fittings and other flow accessories. All tubing and fittings are quick and easy to use and with an easy cleaning element allow a long life over multiple runs. Operating over a wide pressure and temperature range, they securely direct fluids to, from and in between microfluidic systems. Fluid Tubes Fluid Tubes can be used to connect Dolomite’s Multiflux™ connectors to the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016), Mitos Syringe Pumps (Part No. 3200057 and 3200046), other Multiflux™ Connectors and Interfaces or modules that have a 1/4 - 28 thread using an end fitting and ferrule. All Fluid Tubes are quick and easy to set up and connect. There are a number of Fluid Tubes available with variations in diameter, operating pressure, operating temperature and material as shown below. The FEP tubes are translucent offering a better optical clarity and accuracy than the PTFE tubes. Part No. 3200067 3200068 3200063 3200064 3200065 Technical details Material PTFE FEP Tube length 10m Internal diameter 0.5mm 0.8mm 0.25mm 0.5mm 0.8mm Max. operating pressure 200bar 130bar 200bar 130bar 50bar Operating temperature 90 -180°C to 260°C -190°C to 205°C standard component solutions Fitting Accessories and Starter Packs Dolomite offers a wide variety of plugs, fittings, ferrules and starter packs which enable customers to quickly set up their microfluidic devices and create consistent microfluidic connections. Part No. Part Name Description 3000056 Plug FEP Enables users to block flow out of a port on a chip or connector. 3000255 Plugs Pack Allows the sealing of 1/4 - 28 ports, supplied in a pack of 6. 3000260 Tubing Starter Pack Contains a selection of fittings including ferrules, PTFE tubing and head fittings to enable fluidic connections to be made between Dolomite pumps and a microfluidic system. 3000285 Female to Female Polypropylene Connector Assisting the fluidic connections between head fittings and syringes. 3000311 Female to Female Luer Lock A chemically resistant connector for making connections between head fittings and syringes. 3000335 Syringe Pump Starter Kit Includes a selection of fittings including ferrules, PTFE tubing and head fittings to enable fluidic connections to be made between Dolomite’s Syringe Pumps (Part Nos. 3200056, 3200057 and 3200066) and a microfluidic system. 3000398 PTFE Pipe Cutter A double bevelled cutting blade which produces a clean 90° cut on PTFE, FEP, PEEK and other polymer tubes. 3000477 End Fittings and Ferrules for 1.6mm Tubing Can be used to connect tubing to the Mitos Duo XS-Pump (Part No. 3200057) or other modules that have a 1/4 - 28 thread. 3200033 Mitos P-Pump Starter Kit Includes a selection of fittings, tubing and vessels to enable fluidic connections to be made between the Mitos P-Pump (Part No. 3200016) and a microfluidic system. 3200059 Compact Head Fittings Delivered in a pack of 10, these fittings are suitable for 1.6mm tubing and can also be used with the flangeless ferrules. 3200060 Flangeless Ferrules Can be used in conjunction with the compact head fittings, supplied in a pack of 10. 3200087 2-way In-line Valve Provides an easy-to-use solution to quickly stop flow streams. 3200143 Dip Tube Fitting Allows users to easily connect a dip tube into a fluid vessel to create a sealed fluid reservoir. Bottles and Accessories As a one-stop shop for microfluidic solutions, Dolomite also offers bottles helping customers to collect liquids, make a connection to a gas supply or prevent unwanted pressurisation. Part No. Part Name Description 3000289 Collection Bottle A 500ml glass bottle with an adaptor on the top for a Collection Needle (Part No. 3000259). The lid is fitted with an o-ring to secure the Collection Needle and a vent-hole to prevent unwanted pressurisation. 3000290 Input Bottle 100ml Allows connection to a Bottle Gas Hose (Part No. 3000292). The threads on each bottle connect via a tube to a 5µm filter located at the base of the bottle. 3000291 Multi-Port Bottle, 250ml Allows connection to a Bottle Gas Hose (Part No. 3000292). The threads on each bottle connect via a tube to a 5µm filter located at the base of the bottle. The 250ml bottle includes four 1/4 - 28 threads. 3000292 Bottle Gas Hose Supplied in a pack of 4, ideal for connecting the Input Bottle (Part No. 3000290) to a gas supply. 3000293 Output Bottle, 100ml A 100ml Duran bottle with a 1/4 - 28 thread and a hole in the cap. Ideal for use as an output reservoir. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 91 Optical Systems Digital Microscope 3200093 Featuring an auxilary objective, the Digital Microscope is a compact low cost solution for capturing high quality still and video images of microfluidic experiments. The Digital Microscope features three magnification levels (60X, 180X and 540X) as well as a holder which allows holding the microfluidic chips in place. In addition, the microfluidic chips can be illuminated via an integrated backlight to maximize contrast and image quality. The microscope is supplied with easy-to-use software including a measuring function, calibration and video capture. Features and benefits: • Lightweight (1kg) • High quality image 1.3MP (1280px x 1024px) • Integrated LED backlight and ring light for cool illumination • Stage can hold a range of chips and chip holders • Microscope head can be disconnected (requires USB extension lead) • Easily connected to a PC using a USB cable Scale µm 0 250 500 Scale µm 0 250 500 PC image of droplet junction channels 92 standard component solutions High Speed Camera and Microscope System 3200050 The High Speed Camera and Microscope System is a high quality and flexible solution for general microscopy and high speed image capture in microfluidic applications. It features an easy-to-use microscope with wide zoom range and long working distance. The microscope stage is designed to accommodate all types of microfluidic chips and enables users to quickly locate and observe the area of interest. The high speed camera integrates with the microscope and provides image capture at speeds of over 1000fps via FireWire link to a desktop PC. Illumination is provided by a 150W illuminator with alternative fibre optic light guides for different lighting options. System component Description Microscope Stereoscopic microscope with 7.5x zoom range, up to 50x magnification and C-mount for camera attachment. Microscope stage Low profile microscope stage for microfluidic chips with height and position adjustable stage clips. For use with the flexible fibre optic light guide provided. Illuminator 150W halogen cold illuminator with continuous dimming and no flicker when used with digital camera. Flexible Light Guide Flexible fibre optic light guide with 6.35mm fibre diameter and 900mm length. Gooseneck Light Guide Gooseneck fibre optic light guide with 4.5mm fibre diameter and 600mm length. Digital camera High speed 1.3MP colour digital camera with video frame rates over 1000 per second and still image capture. FireWire Cable 6 pin FireWire.A cable (2.5m long) for connection of digital camera to a desktop PC. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 93 Micro Droplet Systems Built around Dolomite’s industry leading microfluidic products, the Micro Droplet Systems enable rapid advances in droplet microfluidics allowing users to produce more than 10,000 monodispersed droplets per second. The modular systems benefit a broad range of applications including compartmentalized chemistry, high throughput experimentation and the production of monodispersed emulsions or beads. Each system provides a complete solution containing all necessary pumps, connectors and chips to start making droplets immediately. Thanks to their modularity, the Micro Droplet Systems provide users with a very cost-effective and flexible solution offering: • multiple functionalities: all components can be used independently • diversification: the droplet systems are easily expandable • user-friendly design: the droplet systems are quick and easy to operate Droplet Junction Chips All Micro Droplet Systems include a range of Droplet Junction Chips with different junction geometries, channel sizes and surface properties. The chips offer excellent chemical compatibility and have excellent optical transparency for clear imaging of droplets. Advanced hydrophobic coating treatments enable water-in-oil droplets to be generated as well as oil-in-water droplets formed in the untreated chips. 94 system solutions Main benefits The range of Micro Droplet Systems includes systems for users new to droplet research and microfluidics as well as advanced systems for the generation, collection and analysis of monodispersed emulsions. Easy to set up and use, the modular systems offer customers: • Generation of highly monodispersed droplets from Ø 5µm to 250µm • Water-in-oil and oil-in-water droplet formation • Precise control over flow rate and droplet size • Stable liquid flow • Wide pressure range 0 - 10bar • Excellent chemical resistance • Cost effective solution • Flexible experimentation Custom option The Droplet Junction Chips offer both a T- and X-Junction for generating highly monodispersed droplets. However, if you are looking for a different material, channel size or junction geometry, please contact us to discuss your requirements. We offer a wide range of customized chips tailored to your specific needs. Please turn to page 100 for more information. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 95 Droplet Starter Systems Providing a complete solution containing all necessary pumps, connectors and chips, the Droplet Starter Systems are ideal for initial demonstration of droplet microfluidics and users new to droplet research. Pressure-based Droplet Starter System The system includes one Mitos P-Pump that provides pulseless pumping of fluids into a Droplet Junction Chip for droplet formation. The pump features a lockable pressure chamber as well as an innovative 3-way Chamber Lid allowing pumping of up to 3 liquids simultaneously. Syringe-based Droplet Starter System Operating over a wide flow range from 0.1µl/min to 10ml/min, this system provides 2 independent syringes with rotary valves, enabling fast automatic refill from up to 5 different sources, as well as an independent control of each liquid channel. Micro Droplet System System components Pressure-based Droplet Starter Syringe-based Droplet Starter Droplet Advanced Droplet Collection Mitos P-Pump ü x ü ü Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid ü x o o Mitos Duo-XS Pump x ü x x Chip Interface H ü ü ü x Linear Connector 4-way ü ü ü ü Droplet Chip, 100µm hydrophobic ü ü ü ü Droplet Chip, 100µm hydrophilic ü ü ü ü Droplet Chip, 190µm hydrophilic o ü ü ü Droplet Chip, 190µm hydrophobic o ü ü ü Custom Flow Resistor Kit ü x o o Flow Resistor Kit o x ü ü Droplet Collection Module o o o ü Droplet System Starter Kit ü ü ü ü Droplet System Reagent Kit ü ü ü ü üstandard component o optional extra 96 system solutions Droplet Advanced System Designed for users with some experience in microfluidics and droplet research, the Droplet Advanced System offers a flexible high-performance solution for droplet formation. The pressure driven pumps provide pulseless and stable liquid flow. Together with the flow resistors they give users precise control over flow rates and droplet size. Quick changes to flow conditions enable fast optimization of droplet parameters. Droplet Collection System The Droplet Collection System is ideal for the generation, collection and analysis of monodispersed emulsions benefiting a wide range of applications including food science, drug delivery and the synthesis of particles. The system features the Droplet Collection Module, an innovative quartz vessel that enables emulsions to be collected without flow disruption or droplet coalescence. The droplet size can be set precisely and changed quickly giving the user full control over emulsion characteristics. Micro Droplet System Pressure-based Droplet Starter Syringe-based Droplet Starter Droplet Advanced Droplet Collection Technical details Droplet size range 20 - 150µm 20 - 250µm Droplet production rate 1 to more than 10,000 droplets per second* Monodispersity Very good Pump type Max. operating pressure Independent control of fluid channels Flexibility of experimentation Volume Excellent Pulseless pressure driven pump Extra smooth syringe pump Pulseless pressure driven pump 10bar 6bar 10bar No Yes Moderate High 2ml Infinite 30ml or 400ml with Remote Chamber * depending on chemicals used www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 97 Accessories There is a broad range of accessories available including high-speed optical systems, priming valves, remote chambers and flow sensors providing an additional level of user flexibility. Please turn to page 90 for more details. Droplet Collection Module 3200112 The Droplet Collection Module allows droplets to be transferred directly from a microfluidic chip to a vessel enabling emulsions to be collected, treated and analyzed. The droplets are ejected straight from the chip edge into bulk liquid. The microfluidic chip can be inserted into the top or bottom of the vessel allowing the collection of sinking or floating droplets without flow disruption or droplet coalescence, which can be an issue with some liquids on transfer from chip to tubing. Furthermore, the flat-sided quartz vessel enables optical analysis or UV curing of droplets immediately after formation. Easy to access for cleaning, the Droplet Collection Module provides excellent chemical resistance as well as an overflow port to remove excess carrier liquid. High Speed Camera and Microscope System 3200050 The High Speed Camera and Microscope System is a high quality and flexible solution for general microscopy and high speed image capture in microfluidic applications. It features an easy-to-use microscope with wide zoom range and long working distance. The microscope stage is designed to accommodate all types of microfluidic chips and enables users to quickly locate and observe the area of interest. The high speed camera integrates with the microscope and provides image capture at speeds of over 1000fps via a FireWire link to a desktop PC. Illumination is provided by a 150W illuminator with alternative fibre optic light guides for different lighting options. Please turn to page 92 to read more about our Optical Systems. 98 system solutions Monodispersed droplets Ø 70µm Micro droplets Ø 17µm Small Droplet Chips 3200136 l 3200137 l 3200146 l 3200147 The Small Droplet Junction Chips are designed for generating small droplets in the size range of 5 to 30µm in diameter. Available in glass (Part Nos. 3200136 and 3200137) and quartz (Part Nos. 3200146 and 3200147), the Small Droplet Chips offer a flow focussing junction geometry with 14 x 17µm cross-section at the junction. Droplet System Starter Kits 3200073 l 3200074 l 3200075 The Droplet System Starter Kits contain all the required tubing, fittings and accessories for carrying out experimentation with the Micro Droplet Systems. There is a separate starter kit available for each of the Micro Droplet Systems as shown in the table on page 96. Custom Flow Resistor Kit 3200049 With the tools included in this kit, flow resistors of the required length can be made. This enables the user to set the desired flow rate ratio between the organic phase and the aqueous phase without independent pressure control of each phase. Droplet System Reagent Kit 3200048 Containing a range of liquids, the Droplet System Reagent Kit enables users to start making droplets of oil-in-water or water-in-oil immediately. The kit also contains two commonly used surfactants to increase droplet stability as well as a chip cleaning fluid. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 99 Custom Devices Dolomite works with customers around the world to develop a variety of versatile, complex and cutting edge custom devices, available in exceptionally short lead times. Our microfluidic devices are developed using microfabrication techniques that create microchannels and complex structures in glass or polymers. The main fabrication processes include photolithography, wet etching of microchannel structures, micro-drilling of fluid ports, thermal bonding, surface modification and metal deposition. Dolomite also offers traditional precision glass processing techniques such as mechanical and optical polishing, grinding, cutting and dicing. Contents Glass microfluidic devices 102 Polymer devices 104 Custom options 105 Dolomite’s expertise 106 100 custom device solutions www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 101 Glass microfluidic devices Fabricated to the highest quality standards in optical glass or quartz (fused silica), our custom chips are particularly suitable for applications where reusability, chemical compatibility, optical transparency and thermal characteristics are important. Optical glass Optical glass, such as B270, is most commonly used in scientific instruments, spectacles and microscopes. Easy to process, it offers excellent chemical resistance and optical properties. Quartz (fused silica) glass The combination of low thermal expansion, high chemical resistance and excellent optical properties, such as homogeneity and high UV transmission, make quartz glass an excellent material for microfluidic flow cells, microreactors and devices for UV polymerization. Quartz glass is also more resistant to thermal shock than other types of glass. Borosilicate glass Borosilicate glass, such as D263 and Borofloat 33, offers a very durable and flexible material which can resist extreme temperatures as well as many strong chemicals including acids, saline solutions, chlorine, oxidizing and corrosive chemicals. Common applications include high precision lenses, laboratory equipment and pharmaceutical containers. Glass or polymer? Characteristics Glass Polymer Optical properties Excellent Good Mechanical properties Very good Ok Chemical compatibility Excellent Mostly poor Thermal characteristics Very good Poor Cost effectiveness Excellent for prototyping; ok for high volume Poor for prototyping; excellent for high volume Surface coatings available Very good, hydrophilic and hydrophobic Ok Reusability Very good Generally disposable Durability Very good Ok Design flexibility Very good Ok, but high tooling costs prevent multiple re-iterative designs 102 custom device solutions The following diagram shows the basic process used for the fabrication of glass microfluidic chips: 1. Apply chrome and photoresist layer to glass 4. Etch chrome layer 2. Expose photoresist to UV 5. Wet etch glass with HF acid solution 7. Micro-drill fluid holes and dice chip 3. Develop photoresist light through mask 8. Thermally bond glass 6. Remove chrome and resist, then clean Glass Photoresist Chrome Mask cover layer www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 103 Polymer devices For some applications, such as clinical diagnostics where devices need to be disposable, polymer devices are more suitable than glass devices. Compared to optical glass, polymer offers a durable, lightweight and flexible solution. Dolomite can provide injection moulded devices as well as glass masters that are used to make injection mould tooling. We also have extensive experience in bonding polymer devices and can help in early stage prototyping. The following diagram shows an example of a 2-step process used to create glass masters and prototypes for polymer devices. We also supply polymer chips with SU8 and PDMS channel structures. Step 1: Create glass master Step 2: Create plastic replica Light source Glass with chrome and photoresist layer Mount pins in glass master Plastic moulding Etching solution selectively removes glass Injection mould using glass master as one side of mould tool Drill holes through glass to define fluid ports Plastic chip: remove from mould tool, bond to cover slip and mill to size Glass Photoresist Chrome Photomask 104 custom device solutions Custom options Custom device solution If you are looking for a specific channel geometry, surface coating or connector system, whatever the idea, Dolomite can help you take it to the next level! Over the last couple of years, Dolomite has pushed the boundaries of traditional manufacturing processes and worked with customers around the world to develop innovative solutions to their exacting needs. Our experienced team of design engineers will discuss your requirements to provide first class solutions combining the latest technologies with technical expertise. Bespoke instrument development Whether you are a technology start-up company or an established instrument manufacturer, Dolomite has the expertise and experience to turn your concept into reality. From the starting point of a concept and feasibility study, Dolomite will demonstrate how the concept works at micro-scale. Please go to page 108 to find out more about our bespoke instrument solutions including fully automated systems. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 105 Dolomite’s expertise Dolomite has extensive experience in material processing and is unique in combining traditional manufacturing techniques with micro-engineering expertise. We understand and exploit the material properties that are important to work on micro-scales giving our custom devices the leading edge. 10 reasons to choose Dolomite: 1. World leading thermal bonding process Low temperature bonding minimizes thermal distortions enabling unrivalled chip complexity. 2. First class wet-etching of microchannels Superior optical quality of channels with etch depths of nm to mm deep in glass and borosilicate. 3. Grinding and polishing techniques Dolomite offers a wide range of substrate thicknesses from as thin as 100μm to > 40mm thick. 4. Multi-layer chips Multiple layers can be fused to create complex geometries. 5. Excellent drilling, dicing and ultrasonic machining techniques Vertical sidewalls from as little as 100µm to more than 10mm in diameter. 6. Novel interconnect technology Innovative dicing techniques ensure incredibly precise ‘edge connection’. 7. Extremely accurate alignment with 5μm alignment accuracy. 8. Unrivalled lead times allowing complex chips fabricated and delivered in as little as 4 weeks. 9. Innovative design engineers 10. User centered product design 106 custom device solutions Dolomite also offers a variety of deposited coatings. All chips can be sputtered with metals such as platinum, gold, copper and titanium to create a wide range of features, such as embedded RTDs, sensors, mirrors and electrodes. Recent examples of our custom devices include: • Gas Chromatography Chip (4” x 4” footprint) etched on both layers (one polished to 250μm) with over 7m of channel network • Dual Droplet Generation Chip allowing the generation of 3-reagent droplets on 2 separate junctions with 8 fluidic inputs and 2 outputs • Cell Sorting Chip with over 2 million integrated electrode features • Quartz Capillary Electrophoresis Chip (footprint 160mm x 40mm) which provided 150mm of straight separation channels • 1ml Microreactor Chip with 3 layers etched to 300μm deep per layer • Nozzle spray device with integrated platinum electrodes • Quartz Flow Cell with a 500μm wide and 300μm deep channel for detection of bacteria • Quartz Chip etched on both layers, aligned <5μm, one layer polished to 150μm • Polymer Chip cost-effective, functional prototype developed in tens for healthcare application Dolomite’s experienced team of design engineers works with you to understand your application, using 3D CAD and flow modelling tools to confirm the design before fabrication. Please turn to page 8 to learn more about our design expertise. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 107 Productizing Science At Dolomite we understand that every application is unique and that our standard components might not be the right solution for you. Therefore we offer custom systems and bespoke instruments to meet your exact requirements. All too often, good science gets let down by poor engineering implementation. Productizing science involves taking a technology that has been demonstrated in the laboratory and turning it into a commercially successful product. All of our bespoke solutions are specifically designed for your particular requirements and can be tailored to fit in with your existing products and systems. Furthermore they can be customized to interface with other software or products that you already operate. Contents Instrument development 110 Intellectual property 112 Project management 113 From concept to reality 114 Case study 116 108 productizing science Taking your ideas to the next level Innovative design engineers World class microfabrication facilities Excellence in system integration Excellent understanding of scientific requirements Unrivalled time management of product development Expertise in software and hardware development Strong customer focus www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 109 Instrument development Whether you are a technology start-up company or an established instrument manufacturer, there are many ways we can assist you to turn your concept into reality. From the starting point of a concept and feasibility study, Dolomite provides a vision for the end instrument. Our innovative design team will then produce design solutions, 3D product concepts, system schematics and cost estimates to ensure that the scope of the project is understood by all. In addition, we can identify technical risks and carry out proof of principle testing. Following design approval, we will develop all the software, control, mechanical systems, electronics, firmware, touch screen, hand-held, and battery operated devices required for the end product. Dolomite’s expertise • Outstanding instrument development capabilities The team at Dolomite has a successful track record developing scientific instruments for a wide range of applications. We collaborate closely with our partners from the initial concept and feasibility stages through to final instrument manufacture and supply. To ensure development projects are kept on time and to budget we structure the programme into discrete phases and employ advanced programme management tools and processes. • Innovative electro-mechanical design Our mechanical engineering team offers a range of experience including the design of microfluidic devices, fluid handling automation, temperature control systems, sensors and optical systems. When developing a new instrument or system we pull this expertise together to select the best design solution, whether using microfluidics or more conventional techniques. • World class software and electronics engineering Dolomite has a range of existing software and electronics modules that can be combined to accelerate instrument development. This allows prototype control software to be generated rapidly for instrument demonstration and testing. We work closely with our partners to deliver a reliable and user-friendly interface. 110 productizing science Recent examples of bespoke instrument solutions include: • Microreactor system with a Microreactor chip In collaboration with Syrris Ltd, Dolomite designed and fabricated a microreactor system with heating, cooling, on-line analysis and automated reagent injection. • Fully automated instrument system Development of a fully automated instrument system that runs highthroughput protein crystallization experiments on disposable microfluidic chips for a North American client. • Genome sequencing solution Dolomite has developed solutions for high-throughput processing of microfluidic devices for genome sequencing systems. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 111 Intellectual property We are committed to helping our clients achieve business success. From concept through to completion, Dolomite is the right partner with the right expertise. Whether you: • have a fantastic concept but need help in designing the product for commercialization, • have already developed a prototype system which you want to take to the next level, • work for a university or research institution that created IP and are now looking for a product solution to market, or • own IP rights, such as patents or design notes, but do not have the product to capitalize on the idea. expertise ’s Route to market + property z Science Intellectual Producti g in + Dolomit e By Productizing Science we can help you take your ideas to the next level and turn them into successful market-leading products. From simply increasing your own productivity through better integrated hardware and software, to developing complete instrumentation solutions for your customers, there are many ways we assist our clients. Please contact us to discuss your requirements. 112 productizing science Project management At Dolomite we understand that communication is key to turn your ideas into market-leading products. Our experienced team of design engineers works with you to understand your application, using 3D CAD and flow modelling tools. All our product development and design projects consist of the following project phases: • Proposal, • Concept and feasibility, • Alpha prototype, • Beta prototype, • Manufacture and customer support. The individual phases are managed with our proprietary Fan Guard System which allows us to identify problems as early as possible that may cause deviation from targets, ensuring accurate tracking of project costs, timescales and risks. Regular progress meetings and reports highlight the status of the project, and the main achievements as well as ensuring a high level of communication. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 113 From concept to reality Taking a laboratory demonstrator through to a commercially successful product requires a wide range of skills from mechanical design through to system integration. At Dolomite we have a track record of developing successful scientific products that surpass customer expectations. From concept through to completion, Dolomite has all the expertise and experience to get your ideas off the drawing board and into the market place. Idea - conceptual and feasibility phase The conceptual and feasibility phase starts with the customer describing the problem, project, initial idea and requirements. Based on initial sketches of the required instrument/device, Dolomite will generate a full design including fluidic, thermal, optical and electrical interfaces. After discussing the project in more detail, Dolomite will demonstrate how the concept could work at microscale and produce 3D product concepts as well as system schematics and cost estimates. Design Following concept approval, Dolomite will design the product and develop all the software, control and mechanical systems required. Mathematical modelling of fluid flow, heat flow, diffusion effects, pressure effects and chemical reactions can be carried out. All our product development projects are managed with our proprietary Fan Guard System which ensures accurate tracking of project costs, timescales and risks. Regular progress reports and meetings ensure a high level of communication. Detailed designs will be generated and sent to the customer for approval. Following design approval, Dolomite will fabricate the device and interfaces. Additionally, all products and systems will be fully tested in our laboratories and cleanrooms prior to delivery. Solution During this phase the final instrument - a fully engineered solution - will be shipped to the customer. Dolomite can also provide product packaging, user guides and manuals, spare parts as well as product and software support. Feedback After receiving the final instrument, customers will realise the full benefits of our micro-engineering capabilities and microfluidic expertise. However, our work doesn’t stop here. As world leader in microfluidic solutions we are committed to delivering the best service possible supporting our customers at every stage. Thus, customer feedback is vital to continuously improving our microfluidic products and solutions. 114 productizing science problem definition requirements gathering idea sketching 3D modelling system schematics cost estimates software development mechanical systems control systems prototyping design device/instrument fabrication product testing system integration instrument manufacturing delivery of device solution product support software support user guides and manuals realisation of benefits continuous product improvement feedback ongoing product development www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 115 Case study The following case study demonstrates how Dolomite can help you turning your ideas into reality. expertise ’s Emerald BioSystems Plug Maker™ + Patents z Science Prof. Rustem Ismagilov, University of Chicago Producti g in + Dolomit e Initial idea/problem: Emerald BioSystems planned to develop a Micro-capillary Protein Crystalli- idea zation System (MPCS) using IP from the University of Chicago. This new system would enable low-volume protein crystallization (5 - 10nl protein/ experiment) for the production of diffraction-ready crystals with no wasted protein. This novel instrument could then be used for applications such as ligand screening, hybrid screening and microfluidic seeding. Instrument development: In under a year, Dolomite carried out all elements of the Plug Maker™ (MPCS) design system design and development, including concept generation, industrial design, hardware and software engineering, as well as manufacture, creating an easy-to-use system based on Emerald’s core science. The Plug Maker™ automates well-validated Emerald technology, rapidly creating a series of 10nl plugs of protein and precipitant samples in a plastic CrystalCard, which are then allowed to crystallize. This revolutionary performance was made possible using Dolomite’s ultra-smooth pump technology, coupled with its world-beating expertise in microfluidic devices and connector engineering. Dolomite added further value by completing the entire instrument design, including a vision system, fully automated liquid handling system and touchscreen control software. The development took just 18 months from first concept to launch at LabAutomation 2010 where the Plug Maker™ was awarded with the “New Product Award”. Fine gradient optimization and sparse matrix screening can be performed simultaneously to identify optimal crystallization growth conditions. Experimental conditions are easily optimized with the ability to form on-chip gradients, with only 22μl of protein needed. In addition, the ability to perform up to 800 experiments per chip maximizes throughput for a highly efficient workflow. 116 productizing science Solution: solution The Plug Maker™ is a self-contained unit operated from a built-in touchscreen control unit, taking up less than two feet of bench width. Customer feedback: Lance Stewart, CEO, Emerald BioSystems: “Dolomite has delivered a world-class product in the Plug Maker™. Using Dolomite’s microfluidic expertise, we have rapidly been able to take the product from initial concept and proof of principle to feedback full instrument manufacture.” www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 117 Case Studies Dolomite is involved in multiple projects designing, developing and fabricating microfluidic devices and systems. Most of these projects are confidential but in this section a few examples of the type of design and development that we typically carry out are presented. Dolomite provides solutions for a broad range of application areas including DNA analysis, clinical diagnostics, environmental testing, drug screening, cell culturing and analysis as well as biosensors. In some cases all the work has been carried out at Dolomite; in other cases there has been a collaboration. Contents Miniaturization of Gas Chromatography equipment 120 Droplet monodispersity 121 DNA analysis 122 Porous rock structures 123 Environmental monitoring 124 Nanoparticle synthesis 125 Parallel capillary electrophoresis 126 Acknowledgements 127 118 Innovators in microfluidic solutions www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 119 Case study 1 Miniaturization of Gas Chromatography equipment Products used: Custom Gas Chromatography Chip Custom Interface 4-way Custom Connector 4-way Summary: Design and manufacture of a custom glass Gas Chromatography Chip which has a 300µm thick layer and is fabricated with isotropically etched channels that replace the capillary and spindle structure of standard Gas Chromatography columns. Gas Chromatography (GC) is a highly sensitive chemical analysis technique with a broad range of applications. Existing commercial GC systems are however generally quite bulky and fragile and miniaturization could significantly broaden the range of applications. A key part of a GC system is the GC column. In operation, samples are passed through the GC column, where they separate out into chemical components. The separated components then pass through a detector, and a chromatogram is produced which is used to identify the various chemical components. In collaboration with the UK’s National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Dolomite has successfully fabricated a miniaturized Gas Chromatography Chip for environmental testing. The glass Gas Chromatography Chip has a 300µm thick layer and is fabricated with isotropically etched channels, which replace the capillary and spindle structure of standard GC columns. This microfluidic miniaturization enables the production of portable, robust and low power GC systems suitable for environmental applications such as atmospheric monitoring. The chip design includes an injection zone, which allows activated carbon particles to be loaded and held, forming a sample absorption column. Closely packed within a 100 x 100mm footprint, the 7.5m and 1.4m long channels are etched into a base layer to ensure efficient heat transfer between the heating system and the channel. The low thermal conductivity of the glass allows the two channel sections to be maintained at different temperatures; a temperature difference of 100ºC can be easily maintained across the chip. 120 300µm diameter channel with 50µm constriction to allow particle trapping Innovators in microfluidic solutions Case study 2 Droplet monodispersity Products used: Standard Droplet Junction Chip Standard Mitos P-Pump Market leading syringe pump Summary: Monodispersity or size consistency are key to making droplet microfluidics a powerful tool for conducting accurate and repeatable experiments. The unique pulseless pressure driven technology of the Mitos P-Pump offers the best solution for droplet formation. The formation of droplets of oil-in-water or water-in-oil has a range of uses in science and industry. Monodispersity or size consistency are key to making droplet microfluidics a powerful tool for conducting accurate and repeatable experiments. Dolomite has therefore carried out a number of tests to compare the size consistency of droplets formed with the Mitos P-Pump and with market leading syringe pumps. Droplets of water-in-oil were generated on a 100µm sized X-Junction, using each of the pump technologies. The droplet diameter from a continuous stream was measured using image analysis software. The resulting data demonstrated that the Mitos droplet diameter of less than 0.6%, compared with 120 120 5.5% for the leading syringe pump. The pressure- 100 100 driven pumping mechanism of the Mitos P-Pump delivers liquid with a smooth and even flow, whereas even the best mechanical drives in a syringe pump Droplet Count P-Pump provides a coefficient of variation in the Count 140 140 have slight nonlinearities which cause unwanted pulsation. Therefore the Mitos P-Pump provides the best solution for droplet formation applications. Mitos P-PumpMonodispersity Market Leading Syringe Pump Mitos P-Pump market-leading Syringe Pump 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 75 75 100 100 Droplet diameter in µm Droplet diameter (μm) 125 125 Droplet application Requirement for monodispersity Emulsion production in food and cosmetics Consistent texture and performance of sample Droplets as mini chemical reactors Known chemical make-up of droplets to achieve a reaction Drug delivery Controlled dispersion of active ingredients Performing biochemical assays or screens Ability to keep conditions inside droplet constant and measure the effect of a single parameter www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 121 Case study 3 DNA analysis Products used: Custom Microfluidic Chip Custom Microfluidic Connector Custom Microfluidic Pump Summary: Dolomite has been working on several projects relating to the use of microfluidic devices for the analysis of DNA, including applications like forensics and disease diagnostics. DNA analysis is a fascinating and rapidly growing area of research. Analyzing DNA requires a number of complex processes including techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, purification using high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Dolomite has been working on several projects to automate and accelerate the processes involved in DNA analysis. Using microfluidic devices for DNA analysis offers many benefits, for example enabling scientists to load very small samples into a capillary for electrophoresis separations. Furthermore, DNA analysis system microfluidic systems provide a very accurate and repeatable solution as they only use micro-scale fluid volumes and allow precise control of temperature and reagent mixing. In one project, Dolomite developed a method to purge and refill the microfluidic capillary with matrix after the electrophoresis had been carried out. This involved designing a high pressure pump (100bar) that was coupled to the microfluidic device. This new microfluidic system replaced the original refilling process which was very time consuming and costly as it had been carried out manually. 122 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Case study 4 Porous rock structures Products used: Custom Microfluidic Chip Custom Microfluidic Connectors Summary: Dolomite designed and manufactured a microfluidic chip with a channel geometry similar to porous rock structures enabling the analysis of fluid flow. Understanding the full characteristics of fluid flow through porous structures, such as rock, is essential for applications including oil extraction from petroleum reservoirs, environmental testing and groundwater analysis. However, fluid flow through porous media is very complex and difficult to analyze. The pore space within the rock is not only difficult to access but often characterised by parameters like connectivity and tortuosity which are very difficult to measure and quantify. Furthermore, the flow is influenced by complex interactions between the fluids themselves and the geometry or surface of the pore space. By using etching technology, Dolomite can design microfluidic chips with a channel geometry similar to porous rock structures featuring a variety of wide and narrow channels. The channel geometry can be custom made to represent the rock structure. The glass microfluidic chips offer excellent access for optics and full visualization of the fluid flow allowing fast analysis. Operating over a wide temperature range (-15ºC up to 150ºC) and pressure range (up to 100bar), the glass devices offer outstanding chemical resistance allowing a broad range of solvents and chemicals to be used. Custom glass chips featuring a micro-porous structure with custom microfluidic connectors www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 123 Case study 5 Environmental monitoring Products used: Custom Flow Cell Summary: Detection of micro-organisms in water supplies is important for ensuring the water is safe to drink. Dolomite offers a wide range of innovative flow cells with multiple channels and very low chamber volume to facilitate environmental monitoring. Detection of micro-organisms in water supplies is important for ensuring the water is safe to drink and also for identifying the source of contamination. Micro-organisms including bacteria and parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium are typically detected by concentrating the water sample and counting the number of cells on a microscope slide. This requires samples to be sent to a laboratory where the analysis is carried out manually. Microfluidics enables detection methods to be automated so that the analysis is carried out continuously with on-line sampling of the water supply. Rather than inspecting the cells on a microscope slide the sample is pumped continuously through a microfluidic flow cell. Dolomite offers a wide range of innovative flow cells with multiple channels and very low chamber volume to facilitate the detection of micro-organisms. The flow cell on the left is fabricated from two optically flat glass layers that are isotropically etched and thermally bonded without the use of adhesives. Quartz can also be used if a UV transparent cell is required for fluorescence based analysis. The optical flatness of the glass and the shallow channel depth ensures that micro-organisms are kept in focus even when using a high magnification microscope. The microscope is coupled to a camera and image recognition software is used to identify micro-organisms in ‘real time’. Custom flow cell in a low profile holder with input and output tubes 124 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Case study 6 Nanoparticle synthesis Products used: Custom Microfluidic Chip Custom Microfluidic Interface Summary: Together with Newcastle University, Dolomite designed and developed a custom glass microfluidic chip and interface for nanoparticle synthesis. 0059 200k 50nm In collaboration with Newcastle University, Dolomite explored the application of microfluidics for the synthesis of nanoparticles for use in biochemistry. Dolomite designed and manufactured a custom glass microfluidic chip with a complex channel geometry featuring multiple reaction chambers. The chip was manufactured using Dolomite’s world leading production processes such as lithographic patterning, isotropic etching of glass substrates and the accurate alignment and thermal bonding 0059 200k of glass substrates. Dolomite also developed a versatile chip holder which allowed to interface the custom chip with 50nm Pictures above: Microscopic images of nanoparticles the rest of the microfluidic system. The nanoparticle synthesis project at Newcastle University is headed by Mike Loughran, Team Leader Microfluidics & Sensor Technologies, at the School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials. Working with Dolomite and Dr. Andrea Beck from HAS Budapest, Mike Loughran has been exploring, how in the future, scientists will be able to control specific chemical reactions in a localized microchip environment. Nanoparticles benefit a wide range of applications including the synthesis of silicon based fluorescent nanoparticles (quantum dots) to label biomolecules for diagnostic assays, polymeric nanosensors for intracellular analysis and drug delivery, and catalytic nanoparticles for specific chemistries or for purification by adsorbing pollutants. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 125 Case study 7 Parallel capillary electrophoresis Products used: Custom Microfluidic Chip Summary: In collaboration with the University of Cicinnati, Dolomite developed a custom microfluidic device for capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis is a method for separating chemical entities based on their electrophoretic mobility under an applied electric field. Capillary electrophoresis was first demonstrated using glass capillary columns, however on-chip separations have gained increasing attention as they provide more rapid analysis, require minimal sample volume and can be automated. Additionally, there is the potential to integrate a variety of laboratory procedures and pre-treatment steps onto a single microfluidic device. Together with the University of Cincinnati, Dolomite designed and manufactured a multilane microfluidic chip that allows capillary electrophoresis separations to be run in parallel, providing substantial increases in analysis speed and throughput which are important for many real-world applications such as high-throughput genetic and proteomic analyses, food analysis, peptide mapping and screening of drug candidates. The chip features eight capillary electrophoresis separation channels, eight injection junctions as well as one common reservoir after the detection region as shown in the picture above. The holes drilled in the 15mm thick top glass layer were used as reservoirs to hold the buffer and sample solutions. This avoided the requirement to glue external reservoirs onto the chip which could introduce contamination and deal volume. The microchannels were etched into the glass base layer to a depth of 20µm and the top layer was then aligned and thermally bonded. 126 Innovators in microfluidic solutions Acknowledgements Case study 1: Miniaturization of Gas Chromatography equipment Dolomite would like to thank the University of York (National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the Department of Chemistry) and the National Physical Laboratory for providing permission to use the chip design, experimental methods, results and conclusions in this case study. For more information on this work please refer to the following paper: Microfabricated planar glass gas chromatography with photoionization detection; Alastair C. Lewis, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Christopher N. Rhodes, Jaydene Halliday, Keith D. Bartle, Philip Homewood, Robin J.P. Grenfell, Brian Goody, Alice M. Harling, Paul Brewer, Gergely Vargha, Martin J.T. Milton. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217 (2010) 768-774 Case study 6: Nanoparticle synthesis Dolomite would like to thank the University of Newcastle, in particular Mike Loughran who is the Team Leader of Microfluidics & Sensor Technologies at the School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, for providing permission to use the chip design, experimental methods and microscopic pictures in this case study. Case study 7: Parallel capillary electrophoresis Dolomite would like to thank the University of Cincinnati (Department of Chemistry) for providing permission to use the chip design, experimental methods, results and conclusions in this case study. For more information on this work please refer to the following paper: Parallel separations using capillary electrophoresis on a multilane microchip with multiplexed laser-induced fluorescence detection; Irena Nikcevic, Aigars Piruska, Kenneth R. Wehmeyer, Carl J. Seliskar, Patrick A. Limbach, William R. Heineman. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 2796-2803 www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 127 New Technologies We are working on a range of novel microfluidic technologies that will be incorporated into future products and custom systems. This section describes some of the technologies that are currently in development. Microfluidic connectors We are currently developing linear connectors and interconnects that provide higher density fluid connections and taking up less area on a microfluidic chip. We are addressing the challenges of interfacing with smaller fluid pipes and with higher alignment accuracy and lower dead volumes. We are also developing connectors that can take advantage of the high temperature and pressure capability of glass and quartz. As an example we have prototype connectors that operate at pressures above 300bar (4500psi), and systems that allow chip heating to 500ºC. Dolomite is also developing interfaces between automated fluid handling systems and microfluidic devices. One example is the interface on the Emerald Plug Maker™ instrument that enables samples to be aspirated from a standard 96 wellplate and injected directly into a microfluidic chip. Biological systems and healthcare Microfluidics has provided significant advances in the handling and analysis of biological cells. Dolomite is currently developing microfluidic devices and systems that enable the capture and immobilisation of nonadherent cells. These technologies aim to improve imaging and monitoring of cells and provide new approaches to sample analysis. Dolomite is also a collaborator in a number of projects in the field of healthcare. This includes developing devices for point of care diagnostics, drug delivery and DNA analysis. Optical access Dolomite is working in several areas to improve optical access in microfluidic devices. In addition to our quartz UV transmission chips we are also developing Calcium Fluoride chips that allow transmission of Infrared wavelengths. In addition, we are developing custom imaging systems for microfluidic instruments including fluorescence imaging for cell analysis and high speed image capture for study of droplet generation. Droplet microfluidics Dolomite is working in several different areas in this rapidly growing field. One example is the generation of extremely small monodispersed droplets in the 1 – 10µm size range (femtolitre to picolitre volume range). This requires various challenges to be addressed, including flow rate control, microchannel fabrication and blockage avoidance. At the 1 – 10µm size range a single droplet junction has a limited volumetric production rate, even if operating at high frequency. As a result we are developing ways to increase production frequency and increase the number of droplet generation junctions on a chip (numbering up). Another area of development is the use of droplets as individual reaction chambers to enable high-throughput experimentation. The PlugMaker™ instrument is the first commercially available product that uses this technology. Dolomite is also involved in developing new droplet technologies including merging and trapping of droplets, droplet encapsulation and droplet polymerisation and curing. 128 Innovators in microfluidic solutions 0 100µm Droplet microfluidics Biological systems and healthcare Optical access Microreactor systems Microreactor systems In collaboration with Syrris Ltd, we continue to develop microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid contacting systems. This has included innovations such as three phase liquid contacting and high flow rate liquid contacting and separation. The microfluidic membrane contacting technology has also been applied to cross-flow filtration in order to remove solid precipitates formed in of microreactions. In addition, in-line on-chip filters have been developed to avoid micro-channel blockages. Microreactors also enable the study of kinetics in chemical and biological reactions. The technique uses extremely fast micromixing to allow observations to be made at the early stages of a chemical reaction. By combining interdigitated and chaotic mixing Dolomite is pushing the boundaries on minimum mixing time. Flow control Flow rate control is a critical part of any microfluidic system. We are currently developing software to allow easy integration of flow sensors and enable closed loop control when using the Mitos P-Pump. This technology will provide instant feedback of flow rates and ensure stable, pulseless flow. We have also been able to use this technique to increase the response time of syringe pumps, which can be problematic at very low flow rates. We are also extending our range of micropumps and sensors, providing a wider range of options for miniaturized systems. www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 129 Reference Guide Microfluidic Chips Part Name Page 3000014 T-Junction Chip with header 34 3000048 Droplet Generation Chip with header (50μm etch depth) 30 3000077 Microreactor Chip 1ml, 3 ports 32 3000086 Thin T-Junction Chip with header 34 3000089 Platinum T-Junction Chip with header 34 3000141 Quartz T-Junction Chip with header 34 3000144 Micromixer Chip 36 3000158 Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth) 28 3000211 Droplet Generation Chip with header (100μm etch depth) 30 3000218 Wellplate Chip 55 3000278 Microreactor Chip 62.5μl, 2 ports 32 3000279 Microreactor Chip 62.5μl, 3 ports 32 3000280 Microreactor Chip 250μl, 2 ports 32 3000281 Microreactor Chip 250μl, 3 ports 32 3000301 Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 28 3000343 Blank Base Chip 55 3000436 Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth) 28 3000437 Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth), hydrophobic 28 3000453 T-Junction Chip, hydrophobic 34 3000478 Large Well Base Chip 55 3200008 Y-Junction Chip 35 3200014 T-Junction Chip with diced end 34 3200046 Microreactor Chip 1ml, 2 ports 32 3200062 Long Channel Chip 33 3200069 Manual Injection Top Chip 54 3200070 Manual Multi-Injection Top Chip 54 3200071 Top Chip, 1-in, 1-out 54 3200072 Top Chip, 4-in, 1-out 54 3200089 Droplet Junction Chip with header (100μm etch depth) 28 3200090 Droplet Junction Chip with header (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 28 3200091 Droplet Junction Chip with header (190μm etch depth) 28 3200092 Droplet Junction Chip with header (190μm etch depth), hydrophobic 28 3200114 T-Junction Chip with diced end, hydrophobic 34 3200120 Top Chip, 3-in, 1-out 54 3200123 Droplet Generation Chip with header (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 30 3200130 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth) 28 3200131 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (100μm etch depth), hydrophobic 28 3200132 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth) 28 3200133 Quartz Droplet Junction Chip (190μm etch depth), hydrophobic 28 3200136 Small Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth) 99 3200137 Small Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth), hydrophobic 99 3200146 Small Quartz Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth) 99 3200147 Small Quartz Droplet Chip (14μm etch depth), hydrophobic 99 130 Multiflux™ Connectors Part Name Page 3000021 Linear Connector Seal 3000024 Linear Connector, 4-way 41 3000038 Chip Interface C 47 3000051 Circular Connector 40 3000054 Circular Connector Seal 57 3000067 Linear Connector, 12-way 41 3000102 Linear Connector, 8-way 41 3000109 Top Interface, 4-way (4mm) 49 3000135 Membrane Chip Interface with Separator Chip 56 3000155 Chip Interface H 46 3000237 Top Interface, 4-way (2.15mm) 49 3000305 Resealable Chip Interface 52 3000306 Resealable Chip Interface, thin 52 3000316 Linear In-line Interface, 8-way 50 3000395 Linear In-line Interface, 4-way 50 3000427 Top Interface, 12-way (4mm) 49 3000430 Linear In-line Interface, 12-way 50 3000531 Top Interface, 8-way (4mm) 49 3200088 Double Chip Interface H 47 3200142 Circular In-line Interface 51 3200148 Linear Connector 7-way 41 3200149 Linear Connector 15-way 41 3200150 Linear Connector 23-way 41 57 Microfluidic Pumps and Accessories Part Name Page 3000244 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (2 Port) 75 3000245 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (3 Port) 75 3000246 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (4 Port) 75 3000247 Valve for Mitos Duo XS-Pump (6 Port) 75 3000248 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 50μl 75 3000249 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 100μl 75 3000250 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 250μl 75 3000251 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 500μl 75 3000252 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 1ml 75 3000253 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 2.5ml 75 3000254 Syringe for Mitos Duo XS-Pump, 5ml 75 3000335 Syringe Pump Starter Kit 75 3200004 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (0.5μl/min to 200μl/min) 77 3200005 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (2.5μl/min to 1ml/min) 77 3200006 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (5μl/min to 2ml/min) 77 3200007 Syringe Pair for Mitos Quad XS-Pump (25μl/min to 10ml/min) 77 3200010 Valve Block for Mitos Quad XS-Pump 77 www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 131 Reference Guide Microfluidic Pumps and Accessories Part Name Page 3200011 Pressure Sensor for Mitos Quad XS-Pump 77 3200016 Mitos P-Pump 64 3200017 Mitos P-Pump Vessel Holder Kit 67 3200024 Peristaltic Pump (pack of 2) 78 3200028 Flow Resistor F1 69 3200029 Flow Resistor F3 69 3200030 Flow Resistor F10 69 3200031 Flow Resistor F30 69 3200032 Flow Resistor F100 69 3200033 Mitos P-Pump Starter Kit 72 3200034 Pneumatic Connector Kit 72 3200043 Mitos P-Pump Remote Chamber 400 68 3200044 Mitos P-Pump 3-way Chamber Lid 71 3200045 Mitos P-Pump 3-way Vessel Holder Kit 70 3200049 Custom Flow Resistor Kit 69 3200056 Mitos Quad XS-Pump 76 3200054 Peristaltic Pump (pack of 5) 78 3200055 Peristaltic Pump (pack of 10) 78 3200057 Mitos Duo XS-Pump 73 3200066 Mitos Duo-XS Pump Basic 74 3200094 Mitos P-Pump with 3-way Accessories 71 3200117 Mitos Compressor 6bar (230V/50Hz) 72 3200118 Mitos Compressor 6bar (110V/60Hz) 72 3200135 Flow Resistor F0.1 70 3200138 Piezoelectric Pump 3ml/min 78 3200139 Piezoelectric Pump 7ml/min 78 3200140 Piezoelectric Pump 20ml/min 78 3200143 Dip Tube Fitting 72 Microfluidic Sensors Part Name Page 3200095 Mitos Sensor Display 80 3200096 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (0.2-5ml/min) 81 3200097 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (30-1000μl/min) 81 3200098 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (1-50μl/min) 81 3200099 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (0.4-7μl/min) 81 3200100 Mitos Flow Rate Sensor (70-1500nl/minn) 81 3200119 Mitos Pressure Sensor 80 132 Microfluidic Valves Part Name Page 3000173 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount above, ports at 90 degrees 87 3000174 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount above, ports in-line 87 3000175 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, tube barb 87 3000176 Micro Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount below 87 3000177 Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve, 24V 87 3000178 Miniature Isolation Solenoid Valve, 12V 87 3000179 Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount, 24V 87 3000180 Isolation Solenoid Valve, manifold mount, 12V 87 3000181 Micro Shape Memory Alloy Valve 85 3200037 Sample Injection Valve 84 Temperature Control Part Name Page 3000207 Hotplate Adaptor 88 3000222 Hotplate 110 88 3000223 Hotplate 230 88 32001 1 1 Hotplate Adaptor - Chip Holder H 89 Micro Droplet Systems and Accessories Part Name Page 3200048 Droplet System Reagent Kit 99 3200073 Pressure-based Droplet Starter Kit 99 3200074 Syringe-based Droplet Starter Kit 99 3200075 Advanced Droplet Starter Kit 99 320 01 1 2 Droplet Collection Module 98 Pressure-based Droplet Starter System 96 Syringe-based Droplet Starter System 96 Droplet Advanced System 97 Droplet Collection System 97 Microfluidic Flow Accessories and Optical Systems Part Name Page 3200050 High Speed Camera and Microscope System 3200093 Digital Microscope 92 Fluid Tubes 90 Fitting Accessories and Starter Packs 91 Bottles and Accessories 91 www.dolomite-microfluidics.com 93 133