Gigasan Bridge Hardware Installation Guide

Transcript

GigaSAN™ Bridge Hardware Installation Guide Hardware Installation Guide GigaSAN™ Bridge Gigabit Ethernet-to-SCSI Storage Bridge with 2 Gigabit Ethernet (RJ-45) Ports, 2 SCSI-160 Ports, and 1 Fibre Channel Slot (for Optional 1/2-Port Copper/Fiber HBA) Copyright © 2002 by Accton Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Accton Technology Corporation. Accton makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability, quality, or fitness for any particular purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Accton reserves the right to make revisions to this publication without obligation to notify any person or entity of any such changes. 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It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart B of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference, in which case the user, at his own expense, will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference. You are cautioned that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void your authority to operate the equipment. For the Gigabit Ethernet ports on the front panel, you may use unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) for RJ-45 connections - Category 5 or 5e. For the optional Fibre Channel port on the rear panel, you may use copper with HSSCD connections or fiber optic cable with 50/125 or 62.5/125 micron multimode fiber. Warnings 1. Wear an anti-static wrist strap or take other suitable measures to prevent electrostatic discharge when handling this equipment. 2. When connecting this hub to a power outlet, connect the field ground lead on the tri-pole power plug to a valid earth ground line to prevent electrical hazards. CE Mark Declaration of Conformance for EMI and Safety (EEC) This information technology equipment complies with the requirements of the Council Directive 89/336/EEC on the Approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to Electromagnetic Compatibility and 73/23/EEC for electrical equipment used within certain voltage limits and the Amendment Directive 93/68/EEC. For the evaluation of the compliance with these Directives, the following standards were applied: RFI Emission: • Limit class A according to EN 55022:1998 • Limit class A for harmonic current emission according to EN 61000-3-2/1995 • Limitation of voltage fluctuation and flicker in low-voltage supply system according to EN 61000-3-3/1995 Immunity: • Product family standard according to EN 55024:1998 • Electrostatic Discharge according to EN 61000-4-2:1995 (Contact Discharge: ±4 kV, Air Discharge: ±8 kV) • Radio-frequency electromagnetic field according to EN 61000-4-3:1996 (80 - 1000 MHz with 1 kHz AM 80% Modulation: 3 V/m) • Electrical fast transient/burst according to EN 61000-4-4:1995 (AC/DC power supply: ±1 kV, Data/Signal lines: ±0.5 kV) • Surge immunity test according to EN 61000-4-5:1995 (AC/DC Line to Line: ±1 kV, AC/DC Line to Earth: ±2 kV) • Immunity to conducted disturbances, Induced by radio-frequency fields: EN 61000-4-6:1996 (0.15 - 80 MHz with 1 kHz AM 80% Modulation: 3 V/m) i Compliances • Power frequency magnetic field immunity test according to EN 61000-4-8:1993 (1 A/m at frequency 50 Hz) • Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity test according to EN 61000-4-11:1994 (>95% Reduction @10 ms, 30% Reduction @500 ms, >95% Reduction @5000 ms) LVD: • EN 60950 (A1/1992; A2/1993; A3/1993; A4/1995; A11/1997) Warning! Do not plug a phone jack connector in the RJ-45 port. This may damage this device. Les raccordeurs ne sont pas utilisé pour le système téléphonique! Industry Canada - Class A This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications. Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe A prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur: “Appareils Numériques,” NMB-003 édictée par le ministère des Communications. Japan VCCI Class A Taiwan BSMI Class A Australia AS/NZS 3548 (1995) - Class A Safety Compliance Warning: Fiber Optic Port Safety CLASS I LASER DEVICE When using a fiber optic port, never look at the transmit laser while it is powered on. Also, never look directly at the fiber TX port and fiber cable ends when they are powered on. Avertissment: Ports pour fibres optiques - sécurité sur le plan optique DISPOSITIF LASER DE CLASSE I ii Ne regardez jamais le laser tant qu'il est sous tension. Ne regardez jamais directement le port TX (Transmission) à fibres optiques et les embouts de câbles à fibres optiques tant qu'ils sont sous tension. Safety Compliance Warnhinweis: Faseroptikanschlüsse - Optische Sicherheit LASERGERÄT DER KLASSE I Niemals ein Übertragungslaser betrachten, während dieses eingeschaltet ist. Niemals direkt auf den Faser-TX-Anschluß und auf die Faserkabelenden schauen, während diese eingeschaltet sind. Caution: Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Caution: Danger of damage to system if modules are incorrectly installed. Do not install or remove any modules during the system power-on process. Underwriters Laboratories Compliance Statement Important! Before making connections, make sure you have the correct cord set. Check it (read the label on the cable) against the following: Operating Voltage 120 Volts Cord Set Specifications UL Listed/CSA Certified Cord Set Minimum 18 AWG Type SVT or SJT three conductor cord Maximum length of 15 feet Parallel blade, grounding type attachment plug rated 15A, 125V 240 Volts (Europe only) Cord Set with H05VV-F cord having three conductors with minimum diameter of 0.75 mm2 IEC-320 receptacle Male plug rated 10A, 250V The unit automatically matches the connected input voltage. Therefore, no additional adjustments are necessary when connecting it to any input voltage within the range marked on the rear panel. Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise (Germany) 1. Bitte lesen Sie diese Hinweise sorgfältig durch. 2. Heben Sie diese Anleitung für den späteren Gebrauch auf. 3. Vor jedem Reinigen ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen. Verwenden Sie keine Flüssigoder Aerosolreiniger. Am besten eignet sich ein angefeuchtetes Tuch zur Reinigung. 4. Die Netzanschlu ßsteckdose soll nahe dem Gerät angebracht und leicht zugänglich sein. 5. Das Gerät ist vor Feuchtigkeit zu schützen. 6. Bei der Aufstellung des Gerätes ist auf sicheren Stand zu achten. Ein Kippen oder Fallen könnte Beschädigungen hervorrufen. 7. Die Belüftungsöffnungen dienen der Luftzirkulation, die das Gerät vor Überhitzung schützt. Sorgen Sie dafür, daß diese Öffnungen nicht abgedeckt werden. 8. Beachten Sie beim Anschluß an das Stromnetz die Anschlußwerte. iii Compliances 9. Verlegen Sie die Netzanschlußleitung so, daß niemand darüber fallen kann. Es sollte auch nichts auf der Leitung abgestellt werden. 10. Alle Hinweise und Warnungen, die sich am Gerät befinden, sind zu beachten. 11. Wird das Gerät über einen längeren Zeitraum nicht benutzt, sollten Sie es vom Stromnetz trennen. Somit wird im Falle einer Überspannung eine Beschädigung vermieden. 12. Durch die Lüftungsöffnungen dürfen niemals Gegenstände oder Flüssigkeiten in das Gerät gelangen. Dies könnte einen Brand bzw. elektrischen Schlag auslösen. 13. Öffnen sie niemals das Gerät. Das Gerät darf aus Gründen der elektrischen Sicherheit nur von authorisiertem Servicepersonal geöffnet werden. 14. Wenn folgende Situationen auftreten ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen und von einer qualifizierten Servicestelle zu überprüfen: a. b. c. d. Netzkabel oder Netzstecker sind beschädigt. Flüssigkeit ist in das Gerät eingedrungen. Das Gerät war Feuchtigkeit ausgesetzt. Wenn das Gerät nicht der Bedienungsanleitung entsprechend funktioniert oder Sie mit Hilfe dieser Anleitung keine Verbesserung erzielen. e. Das Gerät ist gefallen und/oder das Gehäuse ist beschädigt. f. Wenn das Gerät deutliche Anzeichen eines Defektes aufweist. 15. Zum Netzanschluß dieses Gerätes ist eine geprüfte Leitung zu verwenden. Für einen Nennstrom bis 6A und einem Gerätegewicht größer 3kg ist eine Leitung nicht leichter als H05VV-F, 3G, 0.75mm2 einzusetzen. Der arbeitsplatzbezogene Schalldruckpegel nach DIN 45 635 Teil 1000 beträgt 70dB(A) oder weniger. iv Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Overview Traditional Storage Architecture Creation of NAS and SAN Storage Networks Fibre Channel Gigabit Ethernet Built-in Storage Server Client-side Storage Network Adapter Storage Client Description of Hardware Gigabit Ethernet Ports SCSI Ports FC Ports Status Indicators Ethernet Management Port Service Port Load-sharing Power Supplies Features and Benefits Supported Platforms GigaSAN Storage Manager Server Side Client Side 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 Chapter 2: Network Planning Introduction to Storage Networks Network Attached Storage Storage Area Networks Linking Fibre Channel Networks Remote Operations Redundancy Protection Protocol Architecture Connectivity Rules 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Maximum 1000BASE-T Cable Distance Fibre Channel Maximum Fibre Channel Cable Distance Application Note 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 v Contents Chapter 3: Installing the Bridge Selecting a Site Equipment Checklist Package Contents Optional Rack-Mounting Equipment Mounting Rack Mounting Desktop or Shelf Mounting Connecting to a Power Source Replacing a Power Supply 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-4 Chapter 4: Making Network Connections Connecting Network Devices 1000BASE-T Twisted-Pair Connections Cabling Guidelines Connecting to a Switch Patch Panel Connections Storage Device Connections SCSI Connections FC Connections 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-3 4-3 Appendix A: Troubleshooting Diagnosing Switch Indicators Power and Cooling Problems Installation Diagnosing Management Problems Diagnosing SCSI Problems Diagnosing Fibre Channel Problems A-1 A-1 A-1 A-2 A-2 A-2 A-3 Appendix B: Cables Gigabit Ethernet Specifications Fibre Channel Specifications RJ-45 Port and Cable Assignments 1000BASE-T Pin Assignments 1000BASE-T Cable Requirements Cable Testing for Existing Category 5 Cable Adjusting Existing Category 5 Cabling Console Port Pin Assignments DB-9 Port Pin Assignments Console Port to 9-Pin COM Port on PC Console Port to 25-Pin DTE Port on PC B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-2 B-2 B-2 B-3 B-3 B-3 B-3 vi Contents Appendix C: Specifications Physical Characteristics Management Features Standards Compliances C-1 C-1 C-2 C-3 C-3 Appendix D: Ordering Information D-1 Glossary Index vii Contents viii Chapter 1: Introduction Overview Storage networks have grown out of the need to move data between consolidated storage devices and storage clients or application servers. The best approach to connecting storage to clients is to configure the remote devices as virtual storage, which allows you to format, store, and access this data the same as you would a local disk. However, the key to this new technology is not the storage devices or the client-side software, but the high-speed storage networks that transfer data at speeds comparable to local access times. This section provides a brief introduction to storage networks, and shows how the GigaSAN Bridge fits into this architecture. Traditional Storage Architecture Traditionally, storage has been attached directly to each application server. However, with the growth of data-intensive applications over the past decade, this method of data storage has led to a variety of problems, ranging from overloaded networks, insufficient time for overnight data backup, additional storage needed for database replication on failover servers, and increased management overhead for distributed storage devices. Companies have therefore been struggling to find ways to deliver better performance for on-line data access services, guarantee one hundred percent uptime for critical applications, and provide backup or replication for databases that are growing at an exponential rate – all while keeping costs under control. Creation of NAS and SAN Network Attached Storage (NAS) and Storage Area Networks (SAN) have been designed to solve some of the problems caused by the explosive growth in storage. Both NAS and SAN networks allow you to consolidate storage on a common server. NAS then provides file sharing for clients on Windows or Unix workstations using protocols such as the Network File System (NFS). This approach allows users to access shared data resources via standard interfaces provided by their operating system, such as simply mapping to a network drive. SANs, on the other hand, provide a more comprehensive solution for consolidating data storage. SANs allow you to create a common pool of data storage in a central location, which can then be allocated to application servers or end users by making it appear as a locally attached storage device (i.e., virtual storage). SANs allow you to consolidate storage at a central location for easier management, allocate any amount of storage as a virtual device to users running different operating systems, expand virtual storage on the fly without having to shut down an application server, and allow users to easily configure storage to suit their specific environment or application requirements. SANs also provide facilities for copy, mirror, replication, and failover operations. SAN resources may also be linked together in a distributed network by positioning storage devices closest to points of heavy access. By duplicating key data across the company, you can shift the loading from a single server and supporting network to permit faster access to all users, creating failover support at the same time. 1-1 Introduction Storage Networks In the traditional storage architecture, corporate networks were already overloaded handling requests for data-intensive applications and daily database backups. But, once you introduce virtual storage into the network, even more data has to be shuffled across the network, passing from the storage server to the application server, and then from the application server to the end user. The only way to relieve network congestion is to create a separate storage network. Up to now, this has been built on Fibre Channel. Fibre Channel Fibre Channel (FC) is optimized for large data file transfers. It provides a data rate of 1 to 4 Gbps, and a packet size that is more suitable for moving large blocks of sequential data. Compared to SCSI, FC allows you to attach a larger number of storage devices to a host – up to 127 devices can attached to an arbitrated loop. However, the overhead of installing a storage network with completely new interconnection devices and fiber cabling, along with the expertise required to manage this unique type of network has prevented most companies from making the plunge. However, where economies of scale make it feasible, Fibre Channel is still an excellent choice for building large storage farms. The GigaSAN Bridge is therefore designed to link either SCSI or FC storage to your network. And for companies that have already installed an FC SAN, the GigaSAN Bridge can be used to link existing FC resources to new storage farms or remote sites over Gigabit Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet With the advent of Gigabit Ethernet, it is now possible to build a storage network based on an existing and well-known networking technology. Commonly available Ethernet networking devices, adapters and cabling can be used to build a storage network – all without the need for any new management skills. Moreover, network protocols such as iSCSI allow you use less expensive Gigabit Ethernet to build an infrastructure for connecting SCSI or FC storage to application servers and storage clients. Built-in Storage Server Storage networks have traditionally required a dedicated storage server positioned between your storage devices and clients. However, the GigaSAN Bridge includes a built-in storage server, further reducing the overhead for storage networks. With the GigaSAN Bridge, you can attach up to 30 SCSI storage devices or 127 FC storage devices directly to the storage bridge, and then allocate storage to any NAS or SAN client on your storage network. Client-side Storage Network Adapter To fully isolate the storage network from your corporate network and optimize performance on the client side, each storage client should have one adapter connected to the corporate network and another connected to the storage network. Adapters designed specifically for storage access over Gigabit Ethernet have only recently become available on the market. For example, the SANNIC (an iSCSI 1-2 Description of Hardware storage network adapter) includes an on-board CPU and PCI-to-PCI bridge that offloads all data transfers from the host machine’s CPU. It can easily support storage clients or application servers, with an interface that fits either 32- or 64-bit PCI connectors. Operating at 33/66 MHz, this card can increase bus throughput up to 4.2 Gbps. Moreover, it provides more efficient throughput for large sequential data transfers by supporting Jumbo frames up to 8 KB. Compared to standard Ethernet frames that run only up to 1.5 KB, using Jumbo frames significantly reduces the per-packet overhead required to process protocol encapsulation fields. Storage Client The GigaSAN package includes software that allows storage clients to scan the network for storage servers, attach virtual storage, and configure advanced options. This software must be installed in each storage client on your storage network. Description of Hardware Gigabit Ethernet Ports Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Status Indicators Gigabit Ethernet Port 2 1000M 1000M Power 100M 100M System Run 10M 10M Activity A GigaSAN™ Bridge Fail Activity Fan-Fail B Fail Power-Fail Buzzer Reset SCSI FC 100-240V~ 50-60Hz 3A SS4504 Optional Slot SCSI-A SCSI-B Mgmt. 10/100 Console Dual Power Supplies SCSI Channel A & B RS-232 Service Port Fibre Channel 10/100BASE-T Adapter Socket Management Port Gigabit Ethernet Ports The GigaSAN Bridge provides dual Gigabit ports for attaching the bridge to the storage network with a trunked connection. Both speed and failover protection are critical elements for any storage network. These dual ports allow you to increase bandwidth up to 4 Gbps for a full-duplex connection, while at the same time providing failover in case one of the links (or ports) should fail. This device includes two 1000BASE-T (RJ-45) ports that operate over 4-pair CAT-5 or CAT-5e cable. These ports provide auto-negotiation for speed (1000/100/10 Mbps), duplex mode (full/half), flow control (on/off) and wiring (MDI/MDI-X). Auto-negotiation is used to automatically select the optimum data rate and transmission mode. (If a device connected to one of these ports does not support auto-negotiation, you can manually configure the communication mode.) These ports support auto-negotiation of flow control to prevent port buffers from overflowing. Auto-MDI/X is also provided to allow the GigaSAN Bridge to be 1-3 Introduction connected to any network device with ordinary straight-through cable, regardless of whether it is a host computer, a switch, or a router. (See Appendix B for a description of the pinouts on straight-through cable.) Both Gigabit ports should be attached to the same device. Therefore, you need to configure a dual-port path (i.e., aggregate link or trunk) throughout the storage network for each intermediate network device and client that has to access the GigaSAN Bridge. Also note that when connecting to a storage client or application server, you need to install two storage network cards and configure them as a trunk. SCSI Ports The GigaSAN Bridge includes two SCSI-160 sockets on the rear panel. Each socket provides an interface to a wide SCSI bus for up to 15 storage devices, including disk, tape, optical, or cartridge changers. The GigaSAN Bridge automatically scans for new storage devices each time it boots up, and auto-negotiates the width for wide or narrow devices, and the speed for 160/80/40/20 Mbps (i.e., Ultra Wide, Ultra, Fast and Standard SCSI). FC Ports The GigaSAN Bridge includes a slot on the rear panel for an optional FC adapter. Using an arbitrated loop, you can connect up to 127 storage devices to an FC port. The GigaSAN Bridge automatically scans for new FC devices each time it boots up, and automatically detects the speed, frame size, and device ID. Approved cards currently include specific cards in the QLogic 2200 Series (1GB) and QLogic 2300 Series (2GB). The adapters supported for the GigaSAN Bridge include single port cards for copper (with HSSDC connector) or multimode fiber optic media (with SFF LC connector). 1-4 Description of Hardware Status Indicators LEDs – Status LEDs are located on the front panel for the Gigabit Ethernet ports, key system indications, and the SCSI/FC storage buses. These indicators are shown below and described in the following table. LED Condition Status On Flashing Port has a valid connection at the indicated speed. Shows that traffic is crossing the port. Power On Unit is receiving power. System-Run On System agent is functioning normally. Fan-Fail On Fan is not functioning normally. Power-Fail On Power supply is not functioning normally. Activity On Traffic is crossing the bus. Fail On The bus is down. Gigabit Ethernet Ports 1000M 100M 10M System Status SCSI Bus and FC Bus Ethernet Management Port An Ethernet management port is also provided for configuring the GigaSAN Bridge’s storage server functions. This RJ-45 port operates at 10 or 100 Mbps, and can be connected to your corporate network (instead of your storage network) for easy management access from any host computer. This port is designed to provide management access to all the configuration options in the GigaSAN Bridge using a standard Web browser, Telnet, or SNMP software. Service Port The GigaSAN Bridge contains a console port on the rear panel that provides limited access to key configuration commands and system status information. This is an RS-232 serial port with a DB-9 connector. A PC may be connected to this port for system diagnostics and monitoring via a null modem cable. (See Appendix B for serial port wiring options.) Refer to the Console Management Guide for detailed information about the command options provided by the console interface. 1-5 Introduction Load-sharing Power Supplies The GigaSAN Bridge uses slide-in modules for two load-sharing power supplies. Load sharing reduces the load carried by an individual module and subsequently extends the lifetime of both modules. By using two modules, the full power load can be smoothly assumed by a single module in case the other module fails. Features and Benefits The GigaSAN Bridge includes the standard features associated with a network device. But since a storage server and management software are also built into this device, it includes all the hardware and software required to build a complete storage network. You just add storage network adapters (e.g., Accton’s SANNIC) and cabling for each storage client or application server, install the client software on each client, allocate storage on the server side, and then attach to virtual storage on the client side. A detailed list of the features provided by the GigaSAN Bridge is shown below: • Provides an alternative to expensive Fibre Channel storage networks with more reliable and widely known Gigabit Ethernet – allowing you to use common network hardware and protocols for both your corporate network and storage network • Allows you to create a separate storage network for higher reliability and improved performance – providing a bandwidth of up to 4 Gbps • Provides failover protection using trunked network ports • Includes a storage server embedded in the bridge • Provides client-to-storage connectivity by passing native SCSI commands and data either over modified UDP (SAN/IP) or over standard IP (iSCSI) • Provides both NAS and SAN access to the same storage pool • Centralizes storage for improved security and easier management, lowering your overall cost for hardware and maintenance • Consolidates storage for shared access by multiple clients or application servers • Provides storage access to clients using a wide range of operating systems • Virtual storage appears and functions the same as locally attached devices • Boundless virtualization allows you to allocate storage across device, cabinet, vendor or interface boundaries • Advanced management interface for storage configuration, expansion, replication, mirror, snapshot, copy and backup operations • Server-less backup delivers zero impact for application servers and the network • Remote management of the GigaSAN Bridge and storage resources via Windows application, Web browser, and SNMP applications 1-6 Supported Platforms Supported Platforms You can connect a client directly to the GigaSAN Bridge or indirectly through a switch or router. The GigaSAN Bridge provides storage configuration software for both the server (embedded in the bridge) and client. Client software is currently available for Windows NT/2000, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, and AIX. For a full list of supported platforms, refer to the technical support section on Accton’s Web site. GigaSAN Storage Manager The console port on the GigaSAN Bridge provides direct access to the built-in storage server’s operating system. You should not need to make any changes to the default settings, other than configuring IP. This interface is also used to monitor key statistics for the Gigabit Ethernet ports, as well as to upgrade bridge and storage software. The GigaSAN Bridge includes server and client management applications. These applications are briefly described in the following sections. For a full description of management software provided for the bridge and built-in storage server, refer to the Storage Management Guide. Server Side The GigaSAN Bridge management software allows you to remotely manage the storage devices attached to one or more bridges, assigning storage space and services to remote users. It can automatically discover any GigaSAN Bridges on your local network, configure various security options, run end-to-end diagnostics, and generate status or error reports. Storage on the GigaSAN Bridge is first allocated as logical resources for SAN, NAS, replica, snapshot reserved, or copy management. Virtual storage is then assigned to clients, appearing to them as one or more local disks. After the system is up and running, reports can then be automatically generated on storage usage. Client Side Ideally, your clients should be attached to a storage network with network cards optimized for transferring large data files (such as Accton’s SANNIC iSCSI storage network adapter). These cards can effectively transfer nearly all of the workload for data transfers off of your computer’s CPU and onto the card itself. Using dual cards provides up to 4 Gbps of bandwidth to any application server or storage client, and also ensures failover recovery in case one of the links should fail. Once the card and driver are installed, you need to install the GigaSAN client software. This software allows you to automatically discover and register with any GigaSAN Bridge attached to your local network. If a bridge has allocated storage to you, you can then access NAS or SAN services using your operating system’s native command interface. For NAS storage, you just map to GigaSAN storage as a network drive and then share access to a common storage pool with other users. For SAN storage, you simply use your operating system’s disk manager to format 1-7 Introduction the virtual drive, and then use your file manager to access the drive space just as you would for a local drive. 1-8 Chapter 2: Network Planning Introduction to Storage Networks The GigaSAN Bridge provides the key to building a dedicated storage network with off-the-shelf industry-standard components, such as Gigabit Ethernet switches and adapter cards. Using a separate storage network frees up your corporate network for critical applications. Traffic crossing your storage network can either use native SCSI commands over modified UDP (what we call SAN/IP) or over standard TCP/IP (called iSCSI or SCSI/Internet). Using the iSCSI storage network protocol ensures interoperability with other network equipment vendors. Storage networks overcome the limitations of SCSI, including a limited number of attached devices, limited transfer speed, and limited connection distance. Storage networks built on Gigabit Ethernet also overcome the traditional limitations of Fibre Channel (FC). FC requires expensive FC-to-SCSI routers to bridge SCSI devices into the FC network. A Fibre Channel SAN requires specialized FC-to-IP routers to move data between remote sites. FC also lacks native support for NAS, instead using separate hardware and software management tools. Moreover, FC does not inherently support storage virtualization, but instead relies on expensive RAID storage for this facility. The GigaSAN Bridge solves all of these problems, by attaching both SCSI and FC storage devices to a common storage network that runs over Gigabit Ethernet, and providing built-in storage software that supports a full range of NAS and SAN functions. Network Attached Storage Network Attached Storage (NAS) provides shared access to files stored on a central server. NAS services also include clustered failover, on-line replication, backup, recovery, and point-in-time copies. NAS provides a quick way to add file system storage to a network. But, the key advantage to NAS is that storage can be shared by clients using a wide variety of file access systems, including NFS, SMB or CIFS. Also note that both NAS and SAN services can share space from the same storage pool using the GigaSAN Bridge. Storage Network Backbone 4 Gbps Trunk GigaSAN Bridge Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Gigabit Ethernet Port 2 1000M 1000M 100M 100M 10M 10M Activity Power A System Run Fail Activity Fan-Fail GigaSAN™ Bridge B Fail Power-Fail Buzzer Reset SCSI FC SS4504 NAS Client (Windows, Unix, etc.) Storage Farm 2-1 Network Planning Storage Area Networks Storage Area Networks (SAN) allow you to consolidate storage for application servers or storage clients into a large server farm. This makes it easier to manage and control security, all at a lower total cost of ownership. Storage networks move large data transfers off of your corporate network. SAN servers also provide powerful management tools that allow you to share out storage as a virtual device, or configure services such as replication, mirroring, or point-in-time copy. As shown in the following figure, the GigaSAN Bridge can allocate virtual storage to either NAS or SAN clients. This allows you to consolidate application servers in a server farm and dynamically manage the required storage space. Storage Network Backbone 4 Gbps Trunk SAN Client Server Farm (Solaris, Linux, NT, AIX) GigaSAN Bridge Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Gigabit Ethernet Port 2 1000M 1000M Power 100M 100M System Run 10M 10M Activity A GigaSAN™ Bridge Fail Activity Fan-Fail B Fail Power-Fail Buzzer Reset SCSI FC SS4504 Virtual Storage NAS Client (Windows, Unix, etc.) Storage Farm Linking Fibre Channel Networks Fibre Channel (FC) may be more suitable for a large-scale storage farm. But due to the complexity and expense of FC network devices, Gigabit Ethernet is the best choice for bridging FC into an existing LAN or WAN. FC storage devices or networks may be connected directly to the optional FC card. Using an arbitrated loop, you can connect up to 127 devices directly to an FC port on the optional card. However, you can also connect the GigaSAN Bridge to an existing FC network by making a point-to-point connection from the FC card to a FC switch. Storage Network Backbone WAN 4 Gbps Trunk GigaSAN Bridge Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Local Server Replicate 2-2 Gigabit Ethernet Port 2 1000M 1000M 100M 100M 10M 10M Activity Power A System Run Fail Activity Fan-Fail GigaSAN™ Bridge B Fail Power-Fail Buzzer Reset SCSI FC SS4504 FC SAN Introduction to Storage Networks Remote Operations To ensure that business processes deliver expected results, you must guarantee access to critical data with effective oversight management and backup/redundant access protection. Data kept on storage media must be backed up or mirrored to avoid loss due to equipment failure, or to facilitate easy access to common databases from multiple sites. The GigaSAN Bridge moves data over standard IP protocol to simplify storage management both for both local and remote operations. With this device, you can fully exploit the value of your business information among local departments or remote locations. WAN Local Router NAS Client Remote Router GigaSAN Bridge ™ Bridge GigaSAN GigaSAN Bridge Activity Gigabit Ethernet Port 2 Power System Fail A SS4504 Activity Run Fail B Fan-Fail Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Power-Fail Buzzer SCSI FC Reset 1000M 100M 10M 1000M 100M 10M ™ Bridge GigaSAN Activity Gigabit Ethernet Port 2 Power System Fail A SS4504 Activity Run Fail B Fan-Fail Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Power-Fail Buzzer SCSI FC Reset 1000M 100M 10M 1000M 100M 10M Primary Storage Mirror Copy for Application Server Remote Backup 2-3 Network Planning Redundancy Protection You cannot buy operational data on the market. Instead you create it, gradually accumulating your company’s life blood day by day. Guaranteed access to this data is the key to success. The ideal approach is therefore to build a storage network that includes failover protection at every level. Moreover, to ensure good performance, you need a separate network for client applications and another for you data servers. Redundancy should include trunked connections that run all the way from your data storage to your application servers. Trunked connections not only double throughput, but also provide backup protection in case any link should fail. Storage should also be backed up on a regular basis using full mirroring, snapshot copy, or regularly scheduled backups. And consider making daily backups to a remote site to facilitate disaster recovery. You may also want to use redundant servers for load sharing and failover protection for key applications. For client access to application servers, you can use standard network interface cards, but for storage-to-server links, you need high-performance storage network cards that include a built-in PCI-to-PCI bridge that offloads all the data transfer operations from the server’s central processor. To provide fully redundant links between data storage and your server, you should install dual storage network cards in the server and configure them as a trunked link. Application Clients Corporate Network Storage Network GigaSAN Bridge ™ Bridge GigaSAN Gigabit Ethernet Activity Port 2 Power System Fail A SS4504 Activity Run Fail B Fan-Fail Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Power-Fail Buzzer SCSI FC Reset 1000M 100M 10M 1000M 100M 10M Virtual Storage Primary Storage Application Servers 2-4 Introduction to Storage Networks Protocol Architecture Because of the expense and complexity of Fibre Channel, future SANs will mostly be based on IP networks. The GigaSAN Bridge supports a method of passing native SCSI commands over modified UDP (referred to as SAN/IP), as well as the iSCSI protocol that runs over more reliable IP networks. The SAN/IP protocol has been optimized to take advantage of the tight linkage between the GigaSAN Bridge and the companion SANNIC card. However, to ensure interoperability among different equipment vendors, we recommend using the iSCSI protocol. iSCSI transmits native SCSI commands over standard IP networks, and guarantees high data reliability by requiring acknowledgment of all received packets. Combined with the availability of Gigabit Ethernet and ubiquitous IP networks, iSCSI enables SANs to be easily implemented with existing network equipment. IPStor Server IPStor SAN Client NAS Client Application Application Operating System Operating System SCSI driver SANSCSI Host Adapter Driver iSCSI Fibre Channel HBA SAN/IP Driver IP TCP Native Network Redirector TCP IP LAN, MAN, WAN Local Disk Management Services SNMP, Java, LDAP Storage Services HA, Mirror, Replicate, Snapshot.. NAS I/O Virtualization (NFS,CIFS) iSCSI TCP IP SANSCSI SCSI driver Fibre Channel SAN/IP Target Host Adapter Mode Driver Driver SCSI iSCSI FC,SSA Infiniband … Virtual Disk Virtual Tape Fibre Channel SAN 2-5 Network Planning Connectivity Rules Use Layer 2 or 3 switches on your storage network to ensure adequate throughput. Switches break up the path for connected devices into separate collision domains. Avoid using hubs for any data link since they share a common collision domain for all ports and only operate at half duplex. 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Maximum 1000BASE-T Cable Distance Cable Type Maximum Cable Length Category 5, 5e 100-ohm UTP or STP 100 m (328 ft.) Fibre Channel Maximum Fibre Channel Cable Distance Media Type Speed Cable Length Range copper, twisted pair 1 Gbps 30 m (98 ft.) 2 Gbps 15 m (49 ft.) 1 Gbps 500 m (1641 ft.) 2 Gbps 300 m (984 ft.) 50/125 or 62.5/125 micron multimode fiber Note: Check with your card vendor to verify the maximum cable lengths. Application Note For network applications that require routing between dissimilar network types, you can attach the GigaSAN Bridge to a Layer 3 switch. 2-6 Chapter 3: Installing the Bridge Selecting a Site The GigaSAN Bridge can be mounted in a standard 19-inch equipment rack or on a flat surface. Be sure to follow the guidelines below when choosing a location. • The site should: • be near the storage media, the network connection point, and a power outlet • be able to maintain its temperature within 0° to 40°C and its humidity within 5% to 95%, noncondensing • provide adequate space (approximately two inches) on all sides for proper air flow • be accessible for installing, cabling and maintaining the unit • allow the status LEDs to be clearly visible • Make sure twisted-pair cable is always routed away from power lines, fluorescent lighting fixtures and other sources of electrical interference, such as radios, transmitters, etc. • Make sure that a separate grounded power outlet that provides 100 to 240 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz, is within 8 feet of each device, and that both of the unit’s power supplies are powered from an independent circuit breaker. As with any equipment, using a filter or surge suppressor is recommended. Equipment Checklist After unpacking the GigaSAN Bridge, check the contents to be sure you have received all the components. Then, before beginning the installation, be sure you have all other necessary installation equipment. Package Contents • GigaSAN Bridge (SS4504) • Four adhesive foot pads • Bracket Mounting Kit containing two brackets and 8 screws for attaching the brackets to the switch • Two Power Cords—either US, Continental Europe or UK • RS-232 console cable • This Hardware Installation Guide • Console Management Guide • Storage Management Guide 3-1 Installing the Bridge Optional Rack-Mounting Equipment If you plan to rack-mount the switch, be sure to have the following equipment available: • Four mounting screws for each device you plan to install in a rack—these are not included • A screwdriver (Phillips or flathead, depending on the type of screws used) Mounting A GigaSAN Bridge can be mounted in a standard 19-inch equipment rack or on a desktop or shelf. Mounting instructions for each type of site follow. Rack Mounting Before rack mounting the unit, pay particular attention to the following factors: • Temperature: Since the temperature within a rack assembly may be higher than the ambient room temperature, check that the rack-environment temperature is within the specified operating temperature range. (See page C-1.) • Mechanical Loading: Do not place any equipment on top of a rack-mounted unit. • Circuit Overloading: Be sure that the supply circuit to the rack assembly is not overloaded. • Grounding: Rack-mounted equipment should be properly grounded. Particular attention should be given to supply connections other than direct connections to the mains. To rack-mount devices: 1. Attach the brackets to the device using the screws provided in the Bracket Mounting Kit. Gigabi t Eth ernet Port 1 1000 M 100M Gigabi 10M t Eth ernet Port 2 1000 M 100M 10M Pow er System Run Fan-Fai l Pow er-Fail Buzzer Reset A Activity Fail B SCS I FC Activity Fail GigaS AN™ Bridg e SS4504 3-2 Mounting 2. Mount the device in the rack, using four rack-mounting screws (not provided). Gigabit Etherne t Por t1 1000 M 100M Gigabit 10M Etherne t Por t2 1000 M 100M 10M Syst Pow er em Run Fan- A Activ Fail Pow Buzz ity Fail er-Fa il er Rese t B SCS Activ ity Fail I FC GigaS AN™ Bridge SS4504 3. If you are installing a single unit, turn to “Connecting to a Power Source” at the end of this chapter. 4. If you are installing multiple units, mount them in the rack, one below the other, in any order. Desktop or Shelf Mounting 1. Attach the four adhesive feet to the bottom of the first unit. SS4504 GigaS AN™ SCS Fan-Fai l Pow er-F ail Buzzer Reset B Bridg e I FC Fail Acti vity Fail A Acti vity Pow er System Run 10M M 100M 1000 t Eth Gigabi 10M ernet Port 2 1000 M 100M t Gigabi Ethern et Port 1 2. Set the device on a flat surface near an AC power source, making sure there are at least two inches of space on all sides for proper air flow. 3. If you are installing a single unit, go to “Connecting to a Power Source” at the end of this chapter. 3-3 Installing the Bridge 4. If you are installing multiple units, attach four adhesive feet to each one. Place each device squarely on top of the one below, in any order. Connecting to a Power Source To connect the unit to a power source: 100-240V~ 50-60Hz 3A 1. Insert power cables directly into the receptacles located on the back of the unit. 2. Plug the other end of the cable into a grounded, 3-pin socket. Be sure the power cables are attached to separate power mains to ensure failover recovery in case one of the power mains should fail. 3. Toggle on the power switch for both supplies. Note: For International use, you may need to change the AC line cord. You must use a line cord set that has been approved for the receptacle type in your country. 4. Check the front-panel LEDs as the device is powered on to be sure the Power LED is lit. If not, check that each power cable is correctly plugged in. Replacing a Power Supply The dual power supplies share the power load for the bridge, delivering an equal amount of the current to the bridge. If one power supply fails, the other supply will immediately provide all the required power without disrupting network activity. Warning: Before you remove a power module from the bridge, disconnect the power cord for both modules from the power mains to avoid electrical shock. If you must keep the good power module connected to the power mains while replacing a bad module, do not place your hands or objects into the empty power supply slot on the bridge. Removing a power module – If a power module has failed, remove it as described below and return it to your supplier. 1. Remove the power cord from the mains outlet and the bridge’s power supply. 2. Using your thumb and forefinger (or a flathead screwdriver if required), loosen the retainer screw on the power module. Then grasp the handle on the power 3-4 Replacing a Power Supply module and pull it straight out. Be careful not to damage the connector on the rear of the module. Installing a power module – Install a new power module as described below. Warning: Do not attach a power cord to the power mains until the power module is fully installed in the bridge. To ensure compliance with international safety standards, only use the power cord that is supplied with the module. For International use, you may need to change the AC line cord. You must use a line cord set that has been approved for the receptacle type in your country. 1. Facing the rear of the bridge, grasp the handle on the front of the power module and put your other hand beneath the module to support it. 2. Gently push the power module into the empty power slot. The guide pin on the back of the module will align the power module’s connector pins with the connector inside the bridge. Warning: Do not force the power module into the slot or you may damage the connectors. If necessary, remove the module and reinsert it, ensuring that the guide pin and connectors are properly aligned. 3. Tighten the retainer screw to secure the power module in the slot. 4. If the module is fully inserted and secured with the retainer screw, then you can now plug one end of the power cord into the socket on the power module and the other end into the power mains. Both power modules should be attached to different supply circuits to ensure an uninterrupted power supply in case one of the supply circuits should fail. 5. If the LED on the power module is lit, then the module is functioning normally. If it is not, then consult “Troubleshooting” on page A-1. 3-5 Installing the Bridge 3-6 Chapter 4: Making Network Connections Connecting Network Devices The GigaSAN Bridge is designed to connect mass storage to NAS or SAN clients over a standard Gigabit Ethernet network. Both 1000BASE-T ports on the unit should be connected to a Layer 2 or 3 switch, and configured to function as an aggregate link (or trunk) on the switch. Note: Before connecting cables, ensure that your SCSI/FC disk or tape devices have been installed. This is normally performed by your storage device vendor. 1000BASE-T Twisted-Pair Connections A 1000BASE-T connection requires a shielded or unshielded twisted-pair (STP or UTP) cable with RJ-45 connectors at both ends. For all connections, Category 5 or 5e (recommended) cable is required with all four wire pairs connected. You should also test the cable installation for IEEE 802.3ab compliance. See “1000BASE-T Cable Requirements” on page B-2. Cabling Guidelines The RJ-45 ports on the GigaSAN Bridge support 1000, 100, and 10 Mbps Ethernet operation, with auto-negotiation of speed, duplex mode, and flow control. Because 1000BASE-T ports support automatic MDI/MDI-X operation, you can use straight-through cables for all network connections to PCs or servers, or to other switches or hubs. Caution: Do not plug a phone jack connector into an RJ-45 port. This will damage the unit. Use only twisted-pair cables with RJ-45 connectors that conform to FCC standards. Connecting to a Switch 1. The GigaSAN Bridge should be in a central location where other network equipment, servers, or storage devices are located. You will need to connect the bridge directly to a local switch, or via patch panels to a switch in the wiring closet by attaching twisted-pair cables to the two 1000BASE-T ports on a bridge, and connecting these cables to the storage network. 2. If the switch is in the wiring closet, attach the other end of the network cables to a patch panel connected to the wiring closet (see “Patch Panel Connections” on page 4-2). Otherwise, attach the other end of the cables directly to 1000BASE-T ports on a local switch. Make sure each twisted-pair cable does not exceed 100 meters (328 ft.). 3. As each connection is made, the port LED (on the GigaSAN Bridge) corresponding to the current speed will light to indicate that the link is valid. 4-1 Making Network Connections Patch Panel Connections Today, the punch-down block is an integral part of many of the newer equipment racks. It is actually part of the patch panel. Instructions for making connections in the wiring closet with this type of equipment follows. 1. Attach patch cables to both ports on the GigaSAN Bridge, and then to the patch panel. 2. If not already in place, attach one end of each cable segment to the back of the patch panel where the punch-down block is located, and the other end to the punch-down block in the wiring closet where the switch is located. 3. Label the cables to simplify future troubleshooting. Equipment Rack (side view) GigaSAN Bridge Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 Gigabit Ethernet Port 1 1000M 1000M 100M 100M 10M 10M Power Activity A System Run Fail Activity Fan-Fail GigaSAN™ Bridge B Fail Power-Fail Buzzer Reset SCSI FC SS4504 Punch-Down Block Patch Panel Storage Farm Wiring Closet 4-2 Gigabit Ethernet Switch Storage Device Connections Storage Device Connections When attaching storage devices to the SCSI ports or the optional FC port, please refer to your vendor’s installation guide for detailed information on making the required cable connections. Caution: Both SCSI and Fibre Channel identify each disk attached to the bridge by device IDs. FalconStor’s IPStor SAN software maps virtual storage to the physical disks via these IDs. Therefore, when attaching a disk to the bridge, always assign the device IDs in sequence for each channel (i.e., 0–6 and then 8–15, leaving 7 for the card itself). If you have to replace any disk, use the same ID as that used by the disk you are replacing. SCSI Connections The GigaSAN Bridge includes two SCSI-160 sockets on the rear panel. Each socket is attached to a wide SCSI bus and supports up to 15 storage devices. The GigaSAN Bridge automatically scans for new storage devices each time it boots up, and auto-negotiates the width for wide or narrow devices, and the speed for 160/80/ 40/20 Mbps (i.e., Ultra Wide, Ultra, Fast and Standard SCSI). The GigaSAN Bridge automatically scans the SCSI ID for each attached device. You just need to remember that ID 7 is reserved for the bus when you start configuring IDs for any attached storage devices. When attaching storage devices to the GigaSAN Bridge, use a 68-pin D-shell connector, Low Voltage Differential (LVD) cable, with an active negation external terminator. Also note that you should not configure your storage devices to provide termination power, since this is provided by the GigaSAN Bridge. LVD technology is used on this bridge because it provides faster transfer rates, reduced power consumption, and longer maximum cable lengths. Remember not to attach Single-Ended (SE) or High Voltage Differential (HVD) devices to the bridge. In particular, note that attaching HVD devices may damage your equipment. FC Connections The GigaSAN Bridge includes a slot on the rear panel for an optional FC adapter. Using an arbitrated loop, you can connect up to 127 storage devices to an FC port. The GigaSAN Bridge automatically scans for new FC devices each time it boots up, and automatically detects the speed, frame size, and device ID. Approved cards currently include specific cards in the QLogic 2200 Series (1GB) and QLogic 2300 Series (2GB). The adapters supported for the GigaSAN Bridge include single port cards for copper (with HSSDC connector) or multimode fiber optic media (with SFF LC connector). For a detailed description of the FC ports on your adapter, please refer to the vendor’s installation manual. 4-3 Making Network Connections 4-4 Appendix A: Troubleshooting Diagnosing Switch Indicators Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Power LED is Off Action • Power supply has failed or is disconnected. • Check connections between the bridge (for primary and redundant power supplies), the power cord, and the wall outlet. • Contact your distributor for technical support. System Run LED is Off • The system agent is not operational. Contact your distributor for technical support. Fan-Fail LED is On • The system fan is not functioning properly. Contact your distributor for technical support. Power-Fail LED in On • The power supply is not functioning normally. Contact your distributor for technical support. Buzzer is On • Reset the buzzer to turn it off. • Refer to the following item to resolve the problem. SCSI Fail LED or FC Fail LED is • A storage device is not functioning properly. On • Verify that your storage devices are powered on. • Check the interface connections between the bridge and storage devices. • Reboot the storage server built into the bridge. • Contact your storage vendor for support. • Contact your distributor for technical support. Power and Cooling Problems If the power indicator does not turn on when the power cord is plugged in, you may have a problem with the power outlet, power cord, or the dual power supplies. However, if the unit powers off after running for a while, check for loose power connections, power losses or surges at the power outlet, and verify that the fans on the unit are unobstructed and running prior to shutdown. If you still cannot isolate the problem, then the internal power supply may be defective. In this case, contact your distributor for technical support. A-1 Troubleshooting Installation Verify that all system components have been properly installed. If one or more components appear to be malfunctioning (such as the power cord or network cabling), test them in an alternate environment where you are sure that all the other components are functioning properly. Diagnosing Management Problems Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Cannot connect using Web browser, or SNMP software Action • Be sure you have configured the bridge with a valid IP address, subnet mask and default gateway. • Check that you have a valid network connection to the bridge and that the port you are using has not been disabled. • Check network cabling between the management station and the bridge. • If you cannot connect using Telnet, there may already be four active sessions. Try connecting again at a later time. Cannot access the onboard configuration program via a serial port connection • Be sure you have set the terminal emulator program to VT100 compatible, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, and 9600 bps. Forgot or lost the password • Reinstall the bridge firmware as described in this appendix. Otherwise, contact your distributor for technical support. • Check that the null-modem serial cable conforms to the pin-out connections provided in Appendix B. Diagnosing SCSI Problems Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Action Configuring termination • If you are attaching multiple storage devices to the bridge, terminate only the end device on the SCSI cable. This is normally done by adding a terminator to the end of the cable. Termination problems can cause intermittent or complete failure. Wrong bus type • Only low voltage differential (LVD) devices can be attached to the SCSI connectors on the bridge. Do not attach single-ended (SE) devices to the bridge. SCSI device ID • Each SCSI device attached to the bridge must have a unique SCSI ID. Be sure that the IDs assigned to storage do not conflict with SCSI ID used by the SCSI adapter on the bridge (ID 7). A-2 Diagnosing Fibre Channel Problems Troubleshooting Chart Symptom SCSI cabling Action • Before you attach any SCSI cables to the bridge, ensure that they provide the proper connectors for both your storage devices and the bridge. Any SCSI cables you attach to the bridge must have a 68-pin SCSI connector on one end. • Two SCSI-160 ports are provided by the bridge. Each SCSI port can support up to 15 devices, and are backward compatible to SCSI-80, SCSI-40, and SCSI-20 devices. • If you modify your own cable, be sure you comply with SCSI standards for minimum length between devices and for the stub. Verify device access • Once you have powered up the system, use the storage configuration program to verify that the bridge can access all the attached devices. Verify device functionality • Review all the symptoms and corrective actions listed above. If you are still unable to access a storage device, attach the device directly to a host PC running Windows or Unix for debugging. Diagnosing Fibre Channel Problems Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Action Fibre Channel devices not found • The FC board may not be installed in the bridge or seated firmly in the PCI slot. • Storage devices may not be properly powered up. • Be sure all FC cables are properly connected. • If you are connected to a Fibre Channel switch that supports zoning, make sure that your bridge is included in the appropriate zone. A-3 Troubleshooting A-4 Appendix B: Cables Gigabit Ethernet Specifications Cable Types and Specifications Cable Type Max. Length Connector 1000BASE-T Cat. 5, 5e 100-ohm TP 100 m (328 ft.) RJ-45 Fibre Channel Specifications Media Specifications Type Speed Cable Length Range copper, twisted pair 1 Gbps 30 m (98 ft.) 2 Gbps 15 m (49 ft.) 50/125 or 62.5/125 1 Gbps micron multimode fiber 2 Gbps 500 m (1641 ft.) 300 m (984 ft.) RJ-45 Port and Cable Assignments CAUTION: DO NOT plug a phone jack connector into any RJ-45 port. Use only twisted-pair cables with RJ-45 connectors that conform with FCC standards. The RJ-45 ports on the GigaSAN Bridge support 1000, 100, and 10 Mbps Ethernet operation, with auto-negotiation of speed, duplex mode, and flow control. 1000BASE-T Pin Assignments 1000BASE-T ports support automatic MDI/MDI-X operation, so you can use straight-through cables for all network connections to PCs or servers, or switches. In straight-through cable, pins 1-8, at one end of the cable, are connected straight through to pins 1-8 at the other end of the cable. Use 100-ohm Category 5 or 5e unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable for 1000BASE-T connections. Also be sure that the length of any twisted-pair connection does not exceed 100 meters (328 feet). B-1 Cables The table below shows the 1000BASE-T MDI and MDI-X port pinouts. These ports require that all four pairs of wires be connected. Note that for 1000BASE-T operation, all four pairs of wires are used for both transmit and receive. Pin MDI Signal Name MDI-X Signal Name 1 Transmit Data plus (TD1+) Transmit Data plus (TD2 +) 2 Receive Data minus (RD1-) Receive Data minus (RD2-) 3 Transmit Data plus (TD2+) Transmit Data plus (TD1+) 4 Transmit Data plus (TD3+) Transmit Data plus (TD4+) 5 Receive Data minus (RD3-) Receive Data minus (RD4-) 6 Receive Data minus (RD2-) Receive Data minus (RD1-) 7 Transmit Data plus (TD4+) Transmit Data plus (TD3+) 8 Receive Data minus (RD4-) Receive Data minus (RD3-) 1000BASE-T Cable Requirements All Category 5 UTP cables that are used for 100BASE-TX connections should also work for 1000BASE-T, providing that all four wire pairs are connected. However, it is recommended that for all critical connections, or any new cable installations, Category 5e (enhanced Category 5) cable should be used. The Category 5e specification includes test parameters that are only recommendations for Category 5. Therefore, the first step in preparing existing Category 5 cabling for running 1000BASE-T is a simple test of the cable installation to be sure that it complies with the IEEE 802.3ab standards. Cable Testing for Existing Category 5 Cable Installed Category 5 cabling must pass tests for Attenuation, Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT), and Far-End Crosstalk (FEXT). This cable testing information is specified in the ANSI/TIA/EIA-TSB-67 standard. Additionally, cables must also pass test parameters for Return Loss and Equal-Level Far-End Crosstalk (ELFEXT). These tests are specified in the ANSI/TIA/EIA-TSB-95 Bulletin, “The Additional Transmission Performance Guidelines for 100 Ohm 4-Pair Category 5 Cabling.” Note that when testing your cable installation, be sure to include all patch cables between switches and end devices. Adjusting Existing Category 5 Cabling If your existing Category 5 installation does not meet one of the test parameters for 1000BASE-T, there are basically three measures that can be applied to try to correct the problem: 1. Replace any Category 5 patch cables with high-performance Category 5e cables. 2. Reduce the number of connectors used in the link. 3. Reconnect some of the connectors in the link. B-2 Console Port Pin Assignments Console Port Pin Assignments The DB-9 serial port on the bridge’s rear panel is used to connect to the bridge for out-of-band console configuration. The on-board menu-driven configuration program can be accessed from a terminal, a PC running a terminal emulation program. The pin assignments used to connect to the serial port are provided in the following tables. DB-9 Port Pin Assignments EIA Circuit CCITT Signal Description Unit’s DB9 DTE Pin # PC DB9 DTE Pin # PC DB25 DTE Pin # BB 104 RxD (Received Data) 2 2 BA 103 TxD (Transmitted Data) 3 3 3 2 AB 102 SG (Signal Ground) 5 5 7 No other pins are used. Console Port to 9-Pin COM Port on PC Unit’s 9-Pin Serial Port 2 RXD Null Modem <--------- PC’s 9-Pin DTE Port TXD ---------------------> 3 TXD ----------- RXD 5 SGND ----------- SGND ---------- 3 TXD 2 RXD 5 SGND No other pins are used. Console Port to 25-Pin DTE Port on PC Unit’s 9-Pin Serial Port Null Modem PC’s 25-Pin DTE Port 2 RXD <--------- TXD ------------ 3 TXD ----------- RXD ----------> 5 SGND ----------- SGND ---------- 2 TXD 3 RXD 7 SGND No other pins are used. B-3 Cables B-4 Appendix C: Specifications Physical Characteristics Gigabit Ethernet Ports 2 1000BASE-T (RJ-45), Ethernet Network Cable, 100-ohm, UTP cable – 10 Mbps: CAT-3/4/5, 100 Mbps: CAT-5, 1000 Mbps: CAT-5/5e, Auto-negotiates speed, duplex mode, and MDI/X connection type Ethernet Switching Store-and-Forward switching, Packet filtering and forwarding at line speed for 10/100/1000 Mbps, Flow control: IEEE802.3x for full duplex, back pressure for half duplex, Aggregate bandwidth: 4 Gbps, SCSI Bus 2 SCSI-160 buses, 68-pin D-shell, HPDB-68 connector, Low Voltage Differential (LVD) termination, Auto-negotiates narrow and wide devices at 160/80/40/20 Mbps, Each bus supports up to 15 devices (e.g., disk, tape, optical or changer) Fibre Channel Card (Option) Approved cards include QLogic: 2200 Series - 1GB Fiber Channel, 2300 Series - 2GB Fiber Channel (Only those cards that provide copper or multimode fiber optic media) Storage Server 64-bit, 33/66 MHz PCI bus, Pentium III processor, 128 MBytes system memory, Pre-installed IPStor server software LEDs System: Power, System Run, Fan-Fail, Power-Fail Ethernet: 10/100/1000 SCSI/FC: Activity, Fail Mechanical Weight: 8.6 kg (19.0 lbs) Size: 44.0 x 28.5 x 6.4 cm (17.4 x 11.2 x 2.5 in), 2U high Environmental Temperature: Operating: 0 to 40°C (32 to 104°F) Storage: -40 to 70°C (-40 to 158°F) Humidity: 10% to 90% (operating) C-1 Specifications Power AC Input: 100-240 V, 50-60 Hz Maximum Current: 3A@110VAC, 2A@240VAC Power Supply: auto-ranging 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz Dual Power Modules: supports power sharing/backup Power Consumption: 130 Watts maximum Heat Dissipation: 512 BTU/hr maximum Management Features In-Band Management Application software, Telnet or SNMP Storage Management software included: Storage Server On-board operating system for storage server (Linux kernel 2.2.16-22), stored in nonvolatile memory, and configured via the console port IPStor Console Data storage server – allows administrators to create, configure, manage, and monitor storage attached to the GigaSAN Bridge. Operating System – Windows NT/98/2000/Me, Linux, Java (any platform with JRE 1.3 or later) IPStor Client Data storage client – provides a software emulated virtual adapter that appears as a real SCSI device to the operating system, connecting the client to storage on the GigaSAN Bridge. Operating System – 1. AIX - AIX 4.3.x (32-bit and 64-bit) 2. Caldera Open Linux eDesktop v2.4 - Kernel version 2.2.14 3. HP-UX - HP-UX B.11.00 (64-bit) - Patch Bundle XSWGR1100 (March 2001 or later) and PHKL_23329 required 4. Red Hat Linux v6.2 - Kernel version 2.2.14-5.0, 2.2.14-5.0smp, 2.2.14-6.1.1, 2.2.14-6.1.1smp, 2.2.14-12, 2.2.14-12smp, 2.2.16-3, 2.2.16-3smp 5. Red Hat Linux v7.0 - Kernel version 2.2.16-22, 2.2.16-22smp, 2.2.16-22enterprise 6. Red Hat Linux v7.1 - Kernel version 2.4.2, 2.4.2smp 7. Solaris SPARC - Kernel version: SunOS 5.6 Generic 105181-29 Sept. 2001, SunOS 5.7 Generic 106541-17 June 2001, SunOS 5.8 Generic 108528-10 June 2001 Intel - Kernel version: SunOS 5.7 Generic 106542-17 June 2001, SunOS 5.8 Generic 108529-10 March 2001 8. Turbo Linux v6.1 - Kernel version 2.2.15-8, 2.2.15-8smp, 2.2.16-4, 2.2.16-4smp 9. Windows NT 4.0 (Server and Workstation), including Service Pack 6 10. Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server (Service Pack 1 or 2) C-2 Standards Out-of-Band Management RS-232 DB-9 console port – displays summary of network status, provides configuration access to the storage server’s operating system Software Loading TFTP in-band or XModem out-of-band MIB Support MIB II (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), storage MIB, private MIB Additional Features Port Trunking Standards Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Ethernet, IEEE 802.3u Fast Ethernet, IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T, IEEE 802.3x full-duplex flow control (ISO/IEC 8802-3), UDP (RFC 768), TCP/IP (RFC 793/791), SNMP (RFC 1157), Internet UDP, TCP/IP, ARP, ICMP, SNMP, TFTP SCSI SCSI-3, SCSI-2 Fiber Channel FC-PH-3, FC-AL-2, FCP-SCSI Compliances CE Mark Emissions FCC Class A Industry Canada Class A EN55022 (CISPR 22) Class A VCCI Class A C-Tick - AS/NZS 3548 (1995) Class A Immunity EN 61000-3-2/3 EN 61000-4-2/3/4/5/6/8/11 Safety CSA/NRTL (CSA 22.2.950 & UL 1950) EN60950 (TÜV/GS) IEC 60950 C-3 Specifications C-4 Appendix D: Ordering Information SAN Products and Accessories Product Number Description SS4504-1 SAN Bridge with 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports, and 2 SCSI-160 ports SS4504-2 SAN Bridge with 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports, 2 SCSI-160 ports, and one Fibre Channel port (copper, HSSDC) SS4504-3 SAN Bridge with 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports, 2 SCSI-160 ports, and 1 Fibre Channel port (multimode fiber, SC) SN4511-1 SAN PCI NIC with 1000BASE-T port includes 32/64-bit, 66MHz CPU, with PCI-to-PCI bridge and SCSI emulator that offloads data traffic from server SN4511-2 SAN PCI NIC with 1000BASE-T port includes 32/64-bit, 66MHz CPU, with PCI-to-PCI bridge and SCSI emulator that offloads data traffic from server, and SFF HSSDC copper port SN4511-3 SAN PCI NIC with 1000BASE-T port includes 32/64-bit, 66MHz CPU, with PCI-to-PCI bridge and SCSI emulator that offloads data traffic from server, and SFF LC MMF port SN4511-4 SAN PCI NIC with 1000BASE-T port includes 32/64-bit, 66MHz CPU, with PCI-to-PCI bridge and SCSI emulator that offloads data traffic from server, and SFF MT-RJ MMF port GigaSAN Console1 Storage Server software GigaSAN Client2 RPU180W3 Storage Client software Load-sharing Power Unit with cables, supports one device 1: Storage server software is embedded in the SS4504. 2. Storage client software is packaged with the SN4511. 3: Also available in models for Continental Europe and the UK. D-1 Ordering Information D-2 Glossary 1000BASE-T IEEE 802.3ab specification for Gigabit Ethernet over four pairs of Category 5 or Category 5e UTP/STP cable. Arbitrated Loop An FC topology in which up to 126 storage devices are connected in a loop. Note that you can only attach an arbitrated loop or a point-to-point link to the GigaSAN Bridge. Auto-Negotiation Signalling method allowing each node to select its optimum operational mode (e.g., 10, 100 or 1000 Mbps and half or full duplex) based on the capabilities of the node to which it is connected. Bandwidth The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies available for network signals. Also synonymous with wire speed, the actual speed of the data transmission along the cable. CSMA/CD CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) is the communication method employed by Ethernet. FC See Fibre Channel FC Adapter A plug-in card that transmits data between the on-board storage server and attached Fibre Channel devices. This card is also referred to as a Host Bus Adapter (HBA). Fibre Channel (FC) A fiber optic network architecture that is designed for high-performance data communication. Although Fiber Channel includes no native transport protocol, it can transport upper level protocols such as IP or SCSI. Full Duplex Transmission method that allows two network devices to transmit and receive concurrently, effectively doubling the bandwidth of that link. Glossary-1 Glossary Gigabit Ethernet A 1000 Mbps network communication system based on Ethernet and the CSMA/CD access method. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. IEEE 802.3ab Defines CSMA/CD access method and physical layer specifications for 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet over Category 5 UTP cable. IEEE 802.3x Defines Ethernet frame start/stop requests and timers used for flow control on full-duplex links. Initiator A SCSI device (such as a server) that issues a command to a target SCSI device (such as a hard disk or tape drive). Internet SCSI (iSCSI) A transport protocol that allows SCSI data transfer to operate on top of TCP. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Light emitting diode used for monitoring a device or network condition. Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Local Area Network (LAN) A group of interconnected computer and support devices. Management Information Base (MIB) A set of database objects that contains information about the device. Media Access Control (MAC) A portion of the networking protocol that governs access to the transmission medium, facilitating the exchange of data between network nodes. NAS Client Windows or Unix users that access data and storage (if authorized) on the storage network via standard operating system network mapping protocols. Glossary-2 Glossary Network Attached Storage (NAS) A storage infrastructure and supporting protocol that allows people operating on different host platforms (including Windows, Linux and Unix) to access data on a common server. Point-to-Point Link An FC topology in which two ports are directly connected by a link. An FC link can be used to connect a storage device or connect to an FC switch. Note that you can only attach an arbitrated loop or a point-to-point link to the GigaSAN Bridge. Port Trunk Defines network link aggregation and trunking standards which specify how to create a single high-speed logical link that combines several lower-speed physical links. Redundant Power Unit (RPU) A backup power supply that automatically takes over in case the primary power supply should fail. RJ-45 Connector A connector for twisted-pair wiring. SAN Client File and application servers that access storage resources via the SS4504. These servers access storage via virtual adapters that appear as real SCSI devices to the operating system. Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Twisted-pair wire covered with an external aluminum-foil or woven copper shield designed to reduce excessive noise pick up or radiation. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) This protocol provides the basis for managing any device attached to a network. It is the primary building block used by enterprise network management applications. Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) An industry standard for connecting computer peripherals. This interface limits the number of connected devices to 15, and the maximum distance to around ten feet. Storage Area Network (SAN) A network designed to consolidate and simplify data resource management. SAN networks have been traditionally built on Fibre Channel technology, but newer devices also support iSCSI, which runs over TCP/IP. Glossary-3 Glossary Storage Area Network / IP (SAN/IP) A proprietary protocol used to pass SCSI commands or data across an IP network. This protocol uses minimal overhead to ensure maximum throughput, even for large data files. Storage Server A dedicated network storage server that is attached to multiple SCSI or Fibre Channel storage devices. The server passes data requests between SAN/NAS clients and the storage devices. A storage server is built into the SS4504 GigaSAN Bridge. Switch A network device that allows simultaneous transmission of data through an internal switching fabric to provide a highly efficient parallel interconnection architecture. Switched Ports Ports that are on separate collision domains or LAN segments. Target A SCSI device (such as a hard disk or tape drive) that executes a command issued by another SCSI device (such as a server). Telnet Defines a remote communication facility for interfacing to a terminal device over TCP/IP. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) A protocol for transferring files across a network. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Protocol suite that includes TCP as the primary transport protocol, and IP as the network layer protocol. Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable (UTP) Cable composed of two insulated wires twisted together to reduce electrical interference; used in common telephone cord. Glossary-4 Index Numerics G 1000 Mbps connectivity rules 2-6 1000BASE-T cable lengths 2-6 connections 4-1 Gigabit Ethernet cable lengths 2-6 grounding for racks 3-2 A accessories, ordering D-1 air flow requirements 3-1 B battery safety 1-iii C cable Fibre Channel specifications B-1 Gigabit Ethernet specifications B-1 lengths 2-6 CIFS 2-1 compliances 1-i EMC C-3 safety C-3 connectivity rules 2-6 1000 Mbps 2-6 console port pin assignments B-3 contents of package 3-1 cooling problems A-1 cord sets, international 3-4 D desktop mounting 3-3 device connections 4-1 E electrical interference, avoiding 3-1 EMC/safety compliance 1-i equipment checklist 3-1 F FC (Fibre Channel) description 2-1 fiber cable lengths 2-6 port connections 4-3 SAN 2-2 FCC compliance 1-i I installation connecting devices to a switch 4-1 desktop or shelf mounting 3-3 patch panel connections 4-2 power requirements 3-1 problems A-2 rack mounting 3-2 site requirements 3-1 iSCSI (SCSI/Internet) 2-1, 2-5 L laser safety 1-ii LED indicators problems A-1 location requirements 3-1 M management features C-2 MIB support C-3 mounting the bridge in a rack 3-2 on a desktop or shelf 3-3 N NAS (Network Attached Storage) 1-1 planning 2-1 NFS 2-1 O ordering information D-1 P package contents 3-1 pin assignments 25-pin DTE port B-3 console port B-3 DB-9 B-3 RJ-45 B-1 problems, troubleshooting A-1 Index-1 Index R rack mounting 3-2 RJ-45 port connections 4-1 RJ-45 port pinouts B-2 routing applications 2-6 S safety compliance 1-ii SAN (Storage Area Networks) 1-1 planning 2-2 SAN/IP 2-5 SANNIC storage network card 1-2 screws for rack mounting 3-2 SCSI 2-1 site selelction 3-1 SMB 2-1 specifications compliances C-3 environmental C-1 physical C-1 power C-2 standards compliance 1-i standards compliance C-3 standards, IEEE C-3 storage client 1-3 Index-2 storage network adapter 1-2 SANNIC 1-2 storage networks description 1-2 overview 1-1 planning 2-1 redundancy 2-4 storage server 1-2 surge suppressor, using 3-1 T temperature within a rack 3-2 troubleshooting diagnosing FC problems A-3 diagnosing management problems A-2 diagnosing SCSI problems A-2 indicators A-1 power and cooling problems A-1 U UL compliance 1-iii V VCCI compliance 1-ii virtual storage 1-1 SS4504 E032002-R01 150xxx-102