Transcript
Hard Drive Technology By: Jacques Dady Jean
Objective of this presentation • Understanding the Hard Disk Drive (HDD)Technology • The Functions of the HDD • Difference between SATA and PATA Drive • How to install Hard Disk Drive • How to troubleshoot Hard Drive issues • How to maintain Hard Drive By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Hard Disk Drive • Traditional Hard Drive Store Data magnetically onto spinning platters; using a fast moving actuator -arm with read/write heads • Primary data storage in Desktop and laptop computer By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Solid State Drive • Solid State Drive uses Read/Write Memory to store data • Has no moving part • Produce no heat • Last longer
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Drive Speed and Capacity • 10000 and 15000 RPM, – Standard for enthusiast and server computers
• 7200 RPM – Standard for desktop computer
• Drive speed can be 5400 – Standard for portable computer
• Drive capacity is measure in GB (gigabyte) or in TB(Terabyte) • 1TB = 1024 GB • 1GB = 1024 MB • 1PB = 1Million GB, 1000 TB
Types of Drive • PATA • SATA • SCSI
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
ATA, Advanced Technology Attachment • 2 styles of ATA drives -Paralleled ATA(PATA) and Serial ATA (SATA)
• All PATA Drives use a Molex power connector, lower speed PATA drives use a 40-pin ribbon cable and faster dives use a 80-wire cable called IDE or EIDE cable, which stand for integrated Drive Electronics • IDE cable is 18 inches long
Hard Drive Jumper Setting • Master • Slave • Single
PATA Hard drive and optical drive • PATA drive – Use IDE cable for Data
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
IDE Cable IDE Cable 18” long Can support 2 drives
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SATA Drive • SATA Drives uses the same form factor as PATA Drive • Creates a Point – topoint connection between the SATA devices (HDD and Optical drives) By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SATA Cable • SATA cable – 1 meter long – Support one drive – Allow a better air flow inside the case – No jumper configuration needed
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SATA Drive Installation • No Jumper cable • Primary Drive • SATA Power Cable
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SCSI Drive • (SCSI) Small Computer System Interface • Faster that PATA and SATA Drives • Only choice if using RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disk) By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SCSI Host Adapter • SCSI Host Adapter is also called SCSI controller • Provide the interface between the SCSI chain and the PC • The SCSI chain is connected to the SCSI Host Adapter Internally or Externally
SCSI Ribbon • Internal SCSI devices connect to the host adapter with a 68-pin ribbon cable • Daisy-chaining is the process of connecting a device directly to another device. By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SCSI ID’s and Termination • SCSI ID’s are used to differentiate devices can be ranged between 0-15 – SCSI ID is a unique identifier – SCSI Devices use jumper, dip switches or even tiny dial to set ID – The end of SCSI drive must be terminated
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Difference between HDD and SSD • Traditional Hard Disk Drive – – – – – –
Composed of individual disk Or platters Two tiny read/write heads service each platters HDD stores data in tiny magnets Actuator arms Stepper motor and voice coil By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Hard Disk Drive Review • Drive Geometry – Cylinders, heads and sectors combined (CHS), defines a drive geometry BIOS needs the CHS to talk to the drive.
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Hard Disk Drive Operational Issues • Slow because of times take to spin up for the read/write head to retrieve data need to load the OS • Moving metal parts of the platter-based drive use a lot of energy • Produce heat and wear down over time.
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Solid State Drive • Components – Semi-conductors, transistors, and bubble memory – Use non-volatile memory chips to store data – No moving metal – Consume less energy – Produce less heat – Faster but more expensive
ATA Technology Improvement • ATA 1 – support only two drives attached to one connector via a single cable, has a capacity upto 504 MB • ATA 2 – add LBA (logical block addressing) that support larger drive . • ATA2 add ATAPI Advance Technology Attachment Paket Interface) • ATA add support for a second controller . By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
ATA Improvement (cont’ed) • ATA3-Add S.M.A.R.T Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology • ATA4 –Add Ultra DMA mode making HDD much faster. ATA4 defines 3 Ultra DMA mode: 016 MBps, mode1- 25 MBps mode 2- 33.3MBps • ATA5 - added DMA 3- 44.4 MBps and DMA mode 4: 66.6 MBps – Ultra DMA 4 add a new 80 wires cable By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
ATA Improvement • ATA 6- introduced Ultra DMA mode 5 kicking data transfer rate to 100MBps • ATA7- introduced Ultra DMA mode 6 (ATA133) runs at speed 133 MBps called Serial ATA or SATA. • AHCI- Advanced Host Controller –This Technology is supported by Windows Vista and newer operating system By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
INT 13 extension • Allow drive capacity up to 137 GB
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Notes • A system running INT13 extensions can support upto a 137GB hard drive • Each IDE controller support 2 Drives • PATA Drives use master/slave jumper to differentiate between the two drives • If you connect the HDD incorrectly nothing will be damaged or lost, there just would not be any communication By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Notes (Con’t) • If you install a drive that require a 80 wires on a 40 wires cable the drive will work fine but at a lower speed • The maximum length of an internal SATA cable is 1 meter. • The limit of how many SATA drives you can install in a PC depends on how many ports on your motherboard /host controller • With a SATA bridge, you can install a PATA drive on a SATA port By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
