Transcript
Hedges ... living boundaries FINDING YOUR WAY THROUGH THE MAZE
PROVENDER N U R S E R I E S
Hedges ... living boundaries FINDING YOUR WAY THROUGH THE MAZE
PROVENDER N U R S E R I E S
Provender Nurseries
A
hedge is an important component of any garden, providing strength and structure to the design. Those that work best are planned and prepared for - hedges
planted as an afterthought can often result in not achieving the desired effect. Knowing what to plant, where and how can make a daunting decision very much easier. This booklet has been written to help you make an informed decision based on soil, aspect, height, availability and design requirements to help put the right plant in the right place and create the right boudary and backdrop for your garden design. At Provender Nurseries we have planted some sample hedges to enable customers to see how plants grow together, their growth rates and the correct maintenance regime. We receive numerous enquiries about hedging options all year round and whether you need something for a rural or formal setting, or even a rooftop in an urban environment, we have the knowledge and plant selection for you to make an informed choice. The plants mentioned in this booklet are available at Provender Nurseries at the relevant times of year. We also stock all the horticultural sundries you may require when planting a hedge - rabbit guards, mycorrhizal fungi, organic planting
come and visit ...
compounds and soil improvers. If you’re planting or planning a hedge, make the most of Provender Nurseries’ range and expertise to help bring your plans to life.
Provender Nurseries, The Landscape Centre, Leydenhatch Lane, Swanley, Kent BR8 7PS Plants: 01322 662315 Products: 01322 662130 Fax: 01322 663895 Email:
[email protected]
© 2013 Provender Nurseries
RICHARD McKENNA
2
introduction
Hedges ... living boundaries
chapter one
Bareroot Hedging
4
chapter two
Rootball Hedging
8
chapter three
Container Grown Hedging
10
chapter four
Pre-formed Hedging
15
chapter five
Hedging Plants for Problem Areas
16
chapter six
Pruning Hedging Plants
19
summary
20
the top twelve
24
W R ITT E N & C O M P I L E D BY L I Z H U G H E S
Function 2
This booklet is designed to help make
Hedges play an important role in structure,
n
choosing a hedging plant a simple
texture, colour, overall character and
best choice here. Hedges can be used to
Directions - evergreen plants are the
affair. We aim to answer any queries
practical uses within any garden scheme
direct people around spaces, towards
to help make the right choice of plant,
or landscape. They can be the backbone
vistas and also for fun - such as the Yew
for the right place, with the right
of all other elements in a garden design.
maze at Hampton Court.
maintenance regime to suit you or your client. We will cover plant
How do you decide what type of hedge to
n
choice,
plant
buy? The main questions are: What do
desirable attribute for this scenario and a
availability, pruning and basic
you want the hedge to do? What is its
plant that forms a good, dense barrier.
maintenance.
primary function? Most hedges are planted
hedge
function,
A hedge is a long term investment ... it’s worth taking the time to make the right choice
Security - obviously thorns are the most
to provide structure, create privacy, provide
n
a windbreak or attract wildlife.
are needed for this situation as they ‘trap’
Noise/Pollution Filter - larger leaves
car and dust pollution. Noise and air n
Structure - an evergreen backbone,
best used as a foil for other plants. Texture
pollution is more of a problem in an urban environment.
is an important factor when a hedge is used as a background foil. Larger leaved hedges
n
tend to look better from a distance,
of the hedge options listed above - wildlife
Wildlife/Native Hedges - unlike most
whereas smaller leaved plants tend to look
hedges are usually created using a mix of
better when viewed close up.
different plants to attract a wide range of wildlife. Wildlife hedges provide nesting
Privacy - this is becoming an
sites for birds and berries and nectar for
increasingly popular reason for planting
food. These are becoming increasingly
hedges. As more houses are built on ever
popular due to the rising interest in native
smaller plots, privacy becomes an
wildlife and conservation.
n
important element in our everyday lives. n
Living Fences - sometimes known as
Windbreak - choice of plant is very
‘fedges’ - a cross between a FEnce and a
important here - the plant must be hardy,
heDGE. A living willow fence is created
grow tall and be able to withstand harsh
using bare root whips. Willow is the best
winds whilst establishing. Hedges absorb
material for fedges as it is very flexible and
some of the wind’s energy unlike fences
lends itself naturally to weaving. Willow
and so create less turbulence on the lee/
whips are planted and weaved/plaited into
protected side.
patterns to create a living fence/hedge.
n
Choice Once a use or function for a hedge has
- Smaller gardens can look ‘hemmed in’
species may drop their leaves they may
of plant chosen. Plants go through a stage
been decided, the next step is to decide
if using boundary hedging plants with
still give a degree of shelter by filtering out
of juvenile plant growth when young and
other key factors such as: How tall do you
large leaves. The eye does not lead easily
winter winds.
then slow down as they near maturity.
want it to grow? How will it be maintained?
over large leaves when viewed at close
This determines your choice of hedging
quarters.
material. The ultimate choice of plant material depends on many variables.
n
Formal or Informal
The choice here depends on you! What
n
Period of Interest
will take five years from planting to reach
functions - a permanent backdrop or will
the required height.
Where in the garden will the hedge be
you require a flowering season for added
placed - boundary, dividing spaces or
interest as well? For example a Photina x
n
viewed from above?
fraseri ‘Red Robin’ hedge has two periods
Now that all the main questions are
of interest - bright red new growth in the
answered the next important one is: When
spring followed by flowers later in the
can I get what I want? Plants are available all year round in one form or another.
n
Aspect/Situation
Availability
plants with a dense growth habit and
Important factors to consider here are what
summer.
should be tolerant of close pruning.
is the soil type: wet, dry, clay or chalky? Is
regular pruning.
Formal hedges tend to have a neat or
it a sunny/shady site? Is it a coastal or
precise outline and are best planted
exposed situation? Sea spray can ‘burn’
n
using one species only. If plants are to
leaves as can strong, drying winds.
All hedges will require some upkeep
autumn to winter. For example Taxus
to keep them attractive or to the required
baccata are more readily available in the
be mixed, ensure that the plants selected have a similar growth rate and
n
maintenance regime.
Flowering will be affected by
However availability of hedging plant species is seasonal with some more easily
Maintenance
available in the dormant season - late
Eventual Desired Height
size. Even hedges to attract wildlife will
autumn whereas Buxus sempervirens are
- Parterre/Hedge/Windbreak
need some basic maintenance from time
easily available all year round.
- Informal hedges tend to be more ‘untidy’
The eventual desired height of course
to time. Maintenance becomes a very
as a rule. They usually consist of a mix
depends on function. Parterres are short
important factor when choosing a hedge
of species which are generally
and normally used in designs to encase a
for more formal applications such as
deciduous and usually more colourful in
group planting. Hedges for screening or
providing screens.
appearance.
windbreak need to be much taller plants at maturity.
n
selecting hedging plants, that is the plants
Position of Hedge within Garden
do you ultimately want it to achieve? - Formal hedges tend to be non-flowering
Many people opt for a five year plan when Will the hedge have to perform two
n
Style and Size of Garden Evergreen/Deciduous
3
n
All plant measurements Indicated in this booklet are measured from soil level
Time to Maturity/Growth Rate
Patience is a virtue - however when it
There are many different ways in which plants are supplied for hedging
comes to creating privacy and keeping the
purposes. Each method of supply has its own terminology and certain seasonal
Larger gardens lend themselves to any size
n
of hedge however you should primarily
The choice is determined by function.
neighbours out - there is no time like the
limitations. The main three ways of supplying hedging plants are: bareroot,
consider larger leaved plant choices.
A deciduous hedge may not provide
present! If you require an instant effect
rootball and container grown. Within this booklet we explain the advantages
- Larger leaved plants tend to look better
privacy all year round. But don’t let that
this is possible, of course the other option
and disadvantages of each type of supply and bring the answers together in a
when viewed from a distance and are
put you off as some species are semi-
is to plant smaller plants and watch them
simple format.
commonly used in larger gardens to
evergreen or can hold onto their foliage
grow. Growth rate is obviously determined
create boundaries.
through the winter. Although deciduous
by choice of plant species and also by size
1 Bareroot Hedging 4
Most sizes available are provided in
- Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) or
the bundles and mix the transplants up
Bareroot plants are young field grown
bundles of 25 transplants for the smaller
Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn) of about 50-
before planting - this will result in a more
plants that are lifted when dormant in the
sizes and bundles of 10 for the larger sizes.
75% and then a mix of other natives to
natural looking hedge. Transplants should
autumn to winter. Only certain species are
Taller sizes are available for some species
balance. Plant at a rate of 4-7 plants per
be pruned back by a third at planting to
suitable to be grown in this way. Generally
- please ask for details.
metre in staggered rows:
encourage better branching. As with all
n
Description
bareroot plants tend to be deciduous
new plantings the ground should be dug X
X
X
n
species are best able to cope with this
Our bareroot plants are normally grown
method of growing and supply. Most
from UK sourced seed wherever possible
bareroot species are native and therefore
(provenance can be supplied on request).
have a value for attracting wildlife.
Generally speaking the typical growing
Larger growing species (trees) may be
to establish at a faster rate. If there is a
regime of a bareroot transplant consists
dotted at irregular intervals to create a true
delay in planting time the transplants can
of 1 year in the seedbed and 1 year
natural look.
be heeled in by temporarily planting in
n
Advantages of Bareroot Plants
Technical Information
X
(shedding leaves in winter) as these
X
X
X
1m.
over, well prepared with organic matter and weed free. Plant with a handful of organic fertiliser to promote healthy root growth. A strong root system will enable the plant
Bareroot plants are cheaper to produce
transplanted into the field: 1+1*. During
and easier to transport to site than
the growing regime the roots of the
n
container grown plants. As the plants are
transplants may have been ‘undercut’ and
The ideal time for planting bareroot hedging
field grown with no artificial light or heat,
transplanted once or twice to produce a
is in the autumn when the conditions for
the plants tend to be strong and hardy with
healthier, stronger root system*. Some
planting are favourable and availability is
n
a low failure rate. However, there is a
species may be three years old due to their
good. Autumn planting allows plants to
Keep the planted hedge weed free for at
limited range of plants available compared
naturally slower growth rate. Bareroot
make the most of the perfect conditions
least four years using mulch mats or
to container grown plants and a limited
plants are generally hardy, tough and a
provided at this time of year. The soil is
landscape fabric. Protect from rabbits
seasonal availability.
great way of planting a native wildlife
still warm encouraging good active root
using spirals with canes for support. Once
hedge.
growth and the autumn rains penetrate the
established trim back once a year after the
* see plant age and specifications overleaf
soil and get to where it is needed most - at
berries and before the nesting season. See
the roots. These favourable conditions tend
Chapter 6 for pruning tips.
n
Availability
Bareroot is the cheapest way to supply and Native Hedging
peat/soil to protect roots from frost. Plant Planting Information
plant native deciduous species with
n
to lead to a better establishment rate for
availability from November to March during
Native hedges provide all year round
hedges when planted in autumn. Do not
the plant’s dormant season. For best
colour, interest, berries, structure and
plant in frozen or very wet soil.
results it is advisable to plant as early as
wildlife corridors. They are great havens
possible in the season to ensure the roots
for insects, thus attracting birds and other
Plants are received with no soil (bareroot!)
benefit from the autumn warmth in the soil.
animals. Hedgerows are considered to be
usually bagged in bundles of 25 or 10
Most are provided as two year old
one of the most valuable native plant
transplants. It is best to get the plants in
transplants and at heights of 40-60, 60-80,
habitats in the UK. An ideal native hedge
the ground as soon as possible to prevent
80-100, 100-125, 125-150 and 150-175cm.
mix should consist of a prickly framework
drying of the roots. For best results split
roots should also be protected from frost and direct sunlight. Establishment & Aftercare
Purple Leaf Barberry
Buxus sempervirens
Box
n
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
n
Cornus alba
Red Stem Dogwood
Cornus alba ‘Aurea’
10/20cm n
150/175cm
Berberis thunbergii ’Atropurpurea’
125/150cm
Barberry
100/125cm
Berberis thunbergii
n
80/100cm
Common Alder
60/80cm
Italian Alder
Alnus glutinosa
40/60cm
Alnus cordata
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30/40cm
Field Maple
NATIVE
COMMON NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
Acer campestre
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n n
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Golden Dogwood
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Cornus alba ‘Elegantissima’
Silver Dogwood
n
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Cornus alba ‘Select Red’
Red Stem Dogwood
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Cornus sanguinea
Common Dogwood
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n
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Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’
Yellow Stem Dogwood
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Corylus avellana
Hazel
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Crataegus monogyna
Hawthorn/Quickthorn
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Euonymus europaeus
Spindle
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Fagus sylvatica
Beech
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Fagus sylvatica ’Atropurpurea’
Copper Beech
Hippophae rhamnoides
Sea Buckthorn
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n
Common species used for bareroot hedging
Please contact us for advice on selection continued ...
n - Plant available
Native plant Plants present before the formation of the English Channel in the last ice age
5
Native plant Plants present before the formation of the English Channel in the last ice age
Ligustrum ovalifolium ‘Aureum’
Golden Privet
Ligustrum vulgare
Common Privet
n
n
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Lonicera periclymenum
Climbing Honeysuckle
n
n
Malus sylvestris
Crab Apple
n
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Prunus spinosa
Blackthorn/Sloe
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n
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Rhamnus cathartica
Buckthorn
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Rosa canina
Dog Rose
n
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Rosa rubiginosa
Sweet Briar
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n
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Rosa rugosa
Ramanas Rose
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Rosa rugosa ‘Alba’
Ramanas Rose (white)
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n
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Rosa spinosissima
Burnet Rose
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Salix caprea
Goat Willow
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n
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Salix cinerea
Grey Sallow Willow
n
n
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Sambucus nigra
Elderberry
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n
n
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Viburnum lantana
Wayfaring Tree
n
n
n
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Viburnum opulus
Guelder Rose
n
n
n
n
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150/175cm
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n
125/150cm
n
n
100/125cm
60/80cm
80/100cm
40/60cm
n
All of these plants are available at other times of the year in containers n - Plant available
10/20cm
Oval Leaf Privet
Ligustrum ovalifolium
NATIVE
30/40cm
Common species used for bareroot hedging
COMMON NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
6
These specifications are used throughout
Fedges
the industry in particular for woodland and
Fedges are a cross between a FEnce and a heDGE using living willow. These are a popular
larger planting schemes. In most garden
decorative option and still have the ecological value of a wildlife deciduous hedge. Faster
situations a 1+1 or 1+2 would be applicable.
growing varieties of willow are used for fedges with the most popular types listed below.
n
Plant Age and Specifications
1+0
A cross between a FEnce and a heDGE
Different designs can be planted according to personal taste. Planting fedges can be quite
1 year seedling
an art and is best left to professional weavers. However if you are feeling adventurous and 1+1 LD 1 year seedling grown at
feel like having a go basic instructions are given below.
wide spacing (Low Density) and undercut during the
n
growing season 1u1
Planting
Typically plant at spacings of 20-30cm. If a woven decorative fedge is required transplants
1 year seedling undercut and
can be planted at an angle of 45° and interweave leaders.
grown for 1 further year in situ 1+1
1 year seedling lined out for 1 year
1+2
1 year seedling lined out for
n
1+2 SEEDLING
Keep the planted hedge weed free for at least four years using mulch mats or landscape fabric. Protect from rabbits using spirals with canes for support. Once established trim
2 years 0/1
Establishment & Aftercare
back once a year after the berries and before the nesting season. See Chapter 6 for
1 year hardwood cutting
pruning tips.
Seedling
HARDWOOD CUTTING Ref: NPS National Plant Specification
80/100cm
100/125cm
125/150cm
150/175cm
stems or roots of a mother plant
60/80cm
Woody plants produced from shoots,
40/60cm
Hardwood cutting
Salix alba ‘Chermesina’
Scarlet Willow
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Salix alba ‘Vitellina’
Golden Willow
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Salix viminalis
Osier Willow
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COMMON NAME
seed and not transplanted
NATIVE
BOTANICAL NAME
Woody plants which have been grown from
7
2 Rootball Hedging 8
to be larger, more mature plants and are
hessian or wire around the neck of the
n
Rootball plants are similar to bareroot in
more capable of producing an instant effect
plant. However, it is considered good
All new plantings should be kept weed free
that they are also field grown. However
than bareroot options.
One main
practice to leave the hessian or wire
for at least five years. Rootball plants can
this is where the similarity ends as rootball
advantage of rootball plants is that they are
around the rootball when planting. The
‘sway’ if planted on a windy site so ensure
plants are lifted with soil around the root
never potbound! The most commonly
wire is a horticultural grade wire and will
that the plants are checked for ‘windrock’.
system. Rootball plants are usually 1m or
requested rootball plants are Taxus baccata
rot away after 2-3 years in the soil.
Larger specimens will need staking to aid
above in height with obvious exceptions -
and Buxus sempervirens. This is a great
eg. Buxus sempervirens. The growing
way of supplying these two species as they
n
regime is also slightly different than for bare
are reasonably slow growing.
The ideal time for planting rootball hedging
n
Description
root plants and is primarily tailored to
establishment, all plants will need support Planting Information
on exposed sites. See Chapter 6 for
is in the autumn when the conditions for Availability
producing densely foliated specimens.
n
Every three years the plants are lifted, root
Rootballed plants are field grown and lifted
good. Autumn planting allows plants to
pruned, replanted and re-spaced - again
during their dormant season - November
make the most of the perfect conditions
to achieve a larger, heavier plant. To
to March. Certain plants may have a longer
provided at this time of year. The soil is
encourage even more foliage growth plants
availability season under ideal conditions.
still warm encouraging good active root
planting are favourable and availability is
growth and the heavy autumn rains
are also trimmed twice a year. The idea of Technical Information
penetrate the soil and get to where it is
a rootball plant is to produce a plant with
n
dense foliage cover and a rootball large
A good healthy rootball should be solid with
needed most - at the roots.
enough to sustain the foliage. Certain
soil in contact with the roots and should
favourable conditions tend to lead to a
species do not lend themselves well to the
not disintegrate when handling. Ensure
better establishment rate for hedges when
growing regime and therefore the choice
that roots penetrate the whole rootball and
planted in autumn. Do not plant in frozen
is slightly more limited than with bareroot
that the rootball itself is in proportion to
or very wet soil.
and container grown options. However
the size of the plant supplied. Rootballed
both evergreen and deciduous species are
plants should be supplied with an intact
Rootballed plants are best planted with
available as rootball plants.
rootball secured with either a hessian sack
the rootball level with the existing soil
reinforced with wire mesh or wire. The
level. The planting hole should be larger
rootballs of smaller sized plants tend to be
than the root ball. It is best practice to leave
Rootball plants are on the whole better
wrapped in hessian sacking, whereas
the hessian or wire on the rootball as
value for money than container grown
larger plants can be wrapped in either wire
removal can destabilise it (cut wire away
options - this is because field grown
or hessian and wire. The hessian and wire
from base of plant stem). As with all new
rootball plants are less labour intensive
should be cut away from around the base
plantings the ground should be well dug
than container grown options. Rootball is
of the stem after placing the plant in the
over, prepared with organic matter and
worth considering if you have a long run of
planting hole as the stem can become
weed free. Plant with a handful of organic
hedge to plant. Also rootball options tend
restricted or even girdled by the bunched
fertilizer to promote healthy root growth.
n
Advantages of Rootball Plants
Establishment & Aftercare
These
pruning tips.
150/175cm
175/200cm
200/250cm
250/300cm
LARGER SIZES
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xCuprocyparis leylandii *
Leylandii
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xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘Castlewellan Gold’
Golden Leylandii
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Beech
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Fagus sylvatica ‘Atropurpurea’
Copper Beech
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Ilex aquifolium cvs
Holly
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Ligustrum ovalifolium
Oval Leaf Privet
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Ligustrum ovalifolium ‘Aureum’
Golden Privet
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Prunus laurocerasus ‘Rotundifolia’
Laurel
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Prunus lusitanica
Portuguese Laurel
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Rhododendron
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Western Red Cedar
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COMMON NAME
125/150cm
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100/125cm
BOTANICAL NAME
n n
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘Excalibur Gold’ Fagus sylvatica
Prunus lusitanica ‘Myrtifolia’ Rhododendron cvs Thuja plicata Thuja plicata ‘Atrovirens’ Taxus baccata
Yew
n
n
n
Common species used for rootball hedging Please contact us for advice on selection
The sizes available differ slightly from the normal height specifications.
30/40cm
40/50cm
50/60cm
60/70cm
70/80cm
80/100cm
100/120cm
* Please note that XCupressocyparis leylandii has changed name to xCuprocyparis leylandii
Buxus sempervirens
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Buxus sempervirens is a slower growing and lower growing plant than all those listed above.
Box
n
- Plant available
cvs - Cultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc
9
3 Container Grown Hedging Espalier
Pleached
Container grown hedging plants are by far
A technique of pruning producing a tree
A technique of pruning that produces a flat
the most popular method of plant supply
with a central stem with a balance of
frame creating a 2-dimensional effect with
in the horticultural industry today simply
horizontal branches in one vertical plane
branches spreading sideways in one plane
due to the extended availability and wider
(ie. flat). The lowest branches should be at
(ie. flat) held on top of a central tree stem.
range of plants and sizes. In fact until the
30-40cm from ground level with the
These are commonly used to create a
1970’s most hedging plants were only
additional tiers at intervals of 30-40cm
screen above fence level or a raised wall.
supplied as bareroot and rootballs.
apart. The branches should be evenly
The lowest branches are usually 1.8m from
spaced, at the same level and the same
the ground with heads ranging in size from
Simply put, a container grown plant is
length. In other words these plants have
1.2m x 1.2m to 1.5m x 1.5m.
grown above ground in pots/containers for
height and width but hardly any depth.
at least one growing season. This method
Plants available as espaliers are used
Head sizes can vary, so always ask your
of production has revolutionised both the
mainly for screening in most garden
supplier for specific sizes. Again, plants
nursery and garden centre business in
situations. Espalier is traditionally used for
trained in this way have height and width
recent times.
fruit trees trained against walls.
but hardly any depth.
n
10
Description
Container grown hedging plants cover both evergreen and deciduous species offering a plethora of options available to you. As container grown plants are so popular and such a wide range offered, hedging plants can range from 30cm to 4m in height, with some plant species available up to 8m in height. As the industry is forever changing due to changing demands more hedging plant options and plant forms are now Pot sizes are an important factor to consider when selecting large hedging
available than ever before. Escalating in
plants - many gardens have restricted width and access through side gates.
popularity, especially where space is limited
If plants are being used for roof gardens weight and transport should be
is the demand for espalier and pleached
given high priority when selecting. Some container grown plants may appear
hedging plants.
ESPALIER
PLEACHED
to have small size pots in comparison to the plant size - this is not always a disadvantage in restricted spaces.
Some container grown plants are in fact rootballs that have been lifted, potted on and then left to grow for a year to establish a better root system. These are known as containerised plants. This is very common for Taxus baccata and xCuprocyparis leylandii.
n
Advantages of
of sizes and species are kept in stock,
Container Grown Plants
however larger quantities are available on
The obvious advantages of container
request - please ask for details.
grown plants are many - the most notable being all year round availability. Due to the
Container grown plants are also a good
more intensive growing regime container
alternative to bareroot and rootball plants
grown plants tend to be more expensive
in the winter months. In adverse weather
than bareroot and rootball options, however this is by far outweighed by the much larger range of choice and sizes
alternative is the container grown option.
n
Water plants well before planting.
conditions field grown plants sometimes
n
Space plants at specified intervals along intended hedge length.
cannot be lifted - so a good possible
n
Dig a hole a little wider than the pot.
n
Remove all weeds/stones etc from the planting hole.
n
Place plant in the hole and make sure the soil level is the same as the existing soil level
available. Plants supplied in containers Technical Information
tend to have a very good success rate
n
because roots are less susceptible to root
Container grown plants are measured from
disturbance when transplanted/removed
the top of the pot to the top of the plants.
from pots. As long as plants are kept well
Industry standards for height specifications
watered both before and after planting, establishment rates are good.
One of the main advantages of container
Check container grown plants are not root-
grown plants is perception of value - most
bound before purchase. Pot size should
end consumers (your customers) can
also be in proportion to plant height to
understand the idea of a plant grown in a
ensure a healthy specimen and higher
nursery in a pot better than they can
establishment rates. Also ensure that
understand rootball options. Most people
plants are foliated from top to bottom - this
tend to have more confidence in a
may not apply to some species which
container grown plant.
naturally defoliate the lower leaves.
n
Availability
Basic principals of planting container grown plants ...
in the container. n
Make sure the best side of the plant is facing forward or where it will be most viewed.
are given at 10cm, 20cm, 25cm and 50cm
n
Refill the hole with soil mixed with organic matter and organic fertiliser.
increments (refer to NPS).
n
Plant at the existing soil level in the pot.
n
Firm in using your heel.
n
Some plants will benefit from a light prune (see Chapter 6 for pruning tips).
n
Water thoroughly.
n
Prevent any competition from weeds by placing mulch or landscape fabric around
n
Planting Information
the plants. n
If the plants are tall, make sure they are secured so that the plant does not move/rock in the winds.
n
Establishment & Aftercare
As mentioned earlier most container
Container grown plants can be planted all
Hedging plants benefit from mulch after planting. This helps retain moisture and keeps
grown plants are available all year round -
year round, but some seasons are better
weeds to a minimum. Regular heavy watering is required for container grown plants due
however certain high volume lines can sell
than others. Mid-summer should be
to the amount of foliage. Hedging plants can ‘sway’ if planted on a windy, exposed site so
out due to popular demand and thus
avoided unless the location has access to
ensure that the plants are checked for ‘windrock’. Larger specimens will need staking to
availability can be limited at certain times
a water supply and a realistic maintenance
aid establishment. All plants on exposed sites will also need staking. See Chapter 6 for
of year. A wide range and limited number
schedule is applied.
pruning tips.
11
n
- Plant available
cvs - Cultivars - all species and
125/150cm
150/175cm
175/200cm
n
n
n
n
n
Alnus cordata
Italian Alder
Alnus glutinosa
Common Alder
n
n
n
n
n
Aucuba japonica ‘Crotonifolia’
Spotted Laurel
n
n
n
n
n
Berberis cvs
Barberry
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’
Edging Box
n
n
Buxus sempervirens
Box
n
n
n
n
n
n
Camellia cvs
Camellia
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Cornus alba
Red Stem Dogwood
n
Cornus alba ‘Aurea’
Golden Dogwood
n
n
n
Cornus alba ‘Elegantissima’
Silver Dogwood
n
n
n
Cornus sanguinea
Common Dogwood
n
n
n n
Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’
Yellow Stem Dogwood
n
Corylus avellana
Hazel
n
n
n
Cotoneaster franchetii
Cotoneaster
n
n
n
Cotoneaster cvs
Cotoneaster
n
n
n
n
Crataegus monogyna
Hawthorn/Quickthorn
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
xCuprocyparis leylandii *
Leylandii
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘Castlewellan Gold’
Golden Leylandii
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘Excalibur Gold’
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘2001’
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Dodonea vicosa ‘Purpurea’
Purple Hop Bush
n
n
Elaeagnus x ebbingei cvs
Elaeagnus
n
n
n
n
Elaeagnus pungens cvs
Elaeagnus
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Escallonia cvs
Escallonia
Eucalyptus gunnii
Cider Gum
n
cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc
* Please note that XCupressocyparis leylandii has changed name to xCuprocyparis leylandii
n
n
n
PLEACHED
100/125cm
n
n
ESPALIER
80/100cm
n
LARGER SIZES
60/80cm
n
250/300cm
40/60cm
n
200/250cm
30/40cm
Field Maple
SMALLER SIZES
Acer campestre
COMMON NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
12
n
n
150/175cm
175/200cm
200/250cm
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Fagus sylvatica
Beech
Fagus sylvatica ‘Atropurpurea’
Copper Beech
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Fargesia cvs Feijoa sellowiana (syn Acca)
Pineapple Guava
Fucshia ‘Riccartonii’
n
n
Griselinia cvs
Broadleaf
n
n
n
n
Hippophae rhamnoides
Sea Buckthorn
n
n
n
n
Ilex aquifolium cvs
Holly
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Japanese Holly
Laurus nobilis
Bay
Lavandula cvs
Lavender
Ligustrum ovalifolium
Oval Leaf Privet
n
n
n
n
n
Golden Privet
n
n
n
n
n
Ligustrum ovalifolium ‘Aureum’
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Yellow Stem Bamboo
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Black Stem Bamboo
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Lonicera nitida
Box Honeysuckle
Olearia x haastii
Daisy Bush
Osmanthus cvs
Sweet Olive
Photinia x fraseri ‘Little Red Robin’
Photinia
Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’
Phyllostachys nigra
n
n
Lonicera nitida ‘Baggesens Gold’
Phyllostachys aurea cvs
n
Common species used for container grown hedging
n
Ilex crenata
n
PLEACHED
125/150cm
n
n
ESPALIER
100/125cm
n
LARGER SIZES
80/100cm
n
250/300cm
60/80cm
Spindle
40/60cm
30/40cm
SMALLER SIZES
COMMON NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
Euonymus europaeus
n
n
n
n
Pittosporum cvs
n
n
n
n
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Etna’
n
n
n
n
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’
n
n
n
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Rotundifolia’
Laurel
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Prunus lusitanica
Portuguese Laurel
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Please contact us for advice on selection
13
cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc
250/300cm
LARGER SIZES
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
80/100cm n
n
60/80cm n
n
Pyracantha cvs
Firethorn
n
Quercus ilex
Evergreen Oak
n
Rhamnus cathartica
Buckthorn
n
Rhododendron cvs
Rhododendron
n
Rosa canina
Dog Rose
n
n
Rosa rubiginosa
Sweet Briar
n
n
Rosa rugosa
Ramanas Rose
n
n
Rosa rugosa ‘Alba’
Ramanas Rose (white)
n
n
Rosa spinosissima
Burnet Rose
n
n
Salix caprea
Goat Willow
n
n
n
Salix cinerea
Grey Sallow Willow
n
n
n
Santolina chamaecyparissus
Cotton Lavender
Symphiocarpos cvs
Snowberry
n
n
Tamarix ramosissima (syn T. pentandra)
Tamarisk
n
Tamarix tetrandra
Tamarisk
n
Taxus baccata
Yew
Thuja plicata
Western Red Cedar
n n
n
Viburnum lantana
Wayfaring Tree
Viburnum opulus
Guelder Rose
n
n
n
n
Viburnum tinus
Common Laurustinus
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
PLEACHED
200/250cm
n
n
n
ESPALIER
175/200cm
n
150/175cm
n
125/150cm
n
100/125cm
n
n
Arrow Bamboo
30/40cm
n
n
Pseudosasa japonica
COMMON NAME
n
n
Blackthorn/Sloe
n
Please contact us for advice on selection
n
n
Prunus spinosa
n
- Plant available
n
n
n
n
Thuja plicata ‘Atrovirens’
n
n
n
n
n
cvs - Cultivars - all species and
n
n
n
Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’
n
n
Prunus lusitanica ‘Myrtifolia’
n
n
n
40/60cm
Common species used for container grown hedging
SMALLER SIZES
BOTANICAL NAME
14
Pre-formed hedges are plants that have
n
been intensively pruned and trimmed into
Smaller sizes tend to be grown in troughs
Smaller Sizes
shape to give an instant desired effect of a
and are limited in height. Cultivars selected
finished hedge. They tend to be top end
by growers tend to have either very
products and are used where time and
compact habits or a dense habit.
effect are of the essence.
COMMON NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
4 Pre-formed Hedges
Acer campestre
Field Maple
Buxus sempervirens
Box
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Crataegus Monogyna
Hawthorn/Quickthorn
Elaeagnus x ebbingei
Elaeagnus
Euonymus cvs
Euonymus
The main species used for pre-formed
Larger sizes tend to be individual plants
Fagus sylvatica
Beech
hedges are Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus
trimmed to a specific shape and size. Most
Fagus sylvatica ‘Atropurpurea’
Copper Beech
betulus, Buxus sempervirens and Taxus
are available in the autumn/winter as
Ilex aquifolium cvs
Holly
baccata, however other species are
rootball.
Ligustrum ovalifolium
Oval Leaf Privet
Ligustrum ovalifolium ‘Aureum’
Golden Privet Common Privet
n
available.
Larger Sizes
Larger sizes tend to be Planting
available in the autumn/winter season
n
as rootball.
Smaller sized pre-formed
Care should be taken when planting pre-
Ligustrum vulgare
hedges are available all year round and
formed hedging to ensure that a ‘clean line’
Mixed Native Hedging
container grown.
is achieved. Make sure that all plants are
Nandina domestica
Sacred Bamboo
planted level with the soil level in the
Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’
Photinia
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Rotundifolia’
Laurel
Prunus lusitanica
Portuguese Laurel
Thus it is difficult to list sizes available. Pre-
Taxus baccata
Yew
formed hedging is forever evolving in
Viburnum tinus
Common Laurustinus
There is no industry standard for pre-
existing pot or rootball.
Common species used for pre-formed hedging
formed hedging as yet, therefore most nurseries grow to their own specifications.
response to customer demands. As a result there are many nurseries growing slightly different sizes, heights, widths etc in many different pot sizes, troughs or even as rootball. It is best to discuss your requirements and possible options with us.
Please contact us for advice on selection
cvs - Cultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc
15
5 Hedging Plants for Problem Areas 16
including roof terraces, windbreaks, coastal, exposed and polluted sites
n
Description
Of course not all situations for hedging are
hedging plants selected are best for
For roof terraces, weight will be an
creating ‘cover’ for other plantings.
important issue to consider. Incorporate hydroleca and use a soil based compost
ideal. The main problem areas include roof Availability
to compensate for weight. If planting into
terraces, windbreaks, coastal, exposed,
n
and heavily polluted sites. These situations
Availability of hedging plants for exposed
planters ensure that they are big enough
are always a challenge when selecting
areas is seasonally dependant. Certain
to support the plants’ requirements.
plants for hedging. The plants have to be
lines are available all year round in
Remember, big plants will need big
tough, hardy and capable of withstanding
containers and others are available as
planters.
windy conditions, possibly salt-laden winds
bareroot or rootball in the autumn/winter.
and sometimes heavy air pollution.
Please refer to Chapters 1, 2 and 3 for
n
availability.
Hedging plants can ‘sway’ if planted on a
Generally speaking plant species with large,
Establishment & Aftercare
windy, exposed site so ensure that the
glossy leaves tend to cope with these
n
situations better than smaller leaved
Plants that are selected for exposed
Technical Information
plants are checked for ‘windrock’. Larger specimens will need staking to aid
species. Larger leaves tend to ‘collect’
conditions will require extra care when
establishment. All plants will need staking
pollution particles in the air. Hedging plants
watering as plants in these situations need
on exposed sites. See Chapter 6 for
can also be used for creating windbreaks
more water than in normal situations as
pruning advice.
and shelterbelts. A windbreak hedging
the wind removes water from the leaves.
plant should be permeable allowing the
Hedging plants selected for roof terraces
wind to filter through reducing wind speed
will benefit greatly from installation of a
on the leeward side. On very exposed sites
watering system. Roof terraces are not
such as rural gardens, orchards and around
only open and exposed in terms of wind,
small holdings, planting a windbreak can
but also in terms of sun. Terraces can
dramatically alter the microclimate within
become real hotspots on a sunny day.
The table opposite lists the most common plants used in these problem areas. As
the garden. n
Planting Information
space becomes more of a premium, roof
Advantages of Plants
Hedging plants for exposed and coastal
terraces are gaining in popularity.
for Unusual Situations
areas should be well watered before
Obviously plants for roof terraces are
Selecting the correct plant for the correct
planting. If it is possible a watering system
completely open to the elements and as
situation is paramount for plant survival in
should be installed as well. As with all new
the plants are in containers they are reliant
tough conditions. The table opposite
plantings the ground should be dug over,
on you for watering. Air and noise pollution
indicates hedge plants best suited to these
well prepared with organic matter and
are also becoming more of an important
problem areas. Although other plants will
weed free. Plant with a handful of organic
issue when considering plant choice for
tolerate some of the conditions listed, the
fertiliser to promote healthy root growth.
hedging in urban areas.
n
WINDBREAKS
ROOF TERRACES
EXPOSED n
POLLUTION
COASTAL
COMMON NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
n
Acer campestre
Field Maple
Alnus cordata
Italian Alder
n
Alnus glutinosa
Common Alder
n
Arbutus unedo
Strawberry Tree
Aucuba japonica ‘Crotonifolia’
Spotted Laurel
Berberis cvs
Barberry
n
n
Buxus sempervirens
Box
n
n
Camellia cvs
Camellia
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
n
n
n
Cotoneaster cvs
Cotoneaster
n
n
n
Crataegus monogyna
Hawthorn
n
n
n
xCuprocyparis leylandii *
Leylandii
n
n
Elaeagnus x ebbingei
Elaeagnus
n
n
Elaeagnus pungens cvs
Elaeagnus
n
n
Escallonia cvs
Escallonia
n
n
Eucalyptus gunnii
Cider Gum
n
n
Fagus sylvatica
Beech
Fagus sylvatica ‘Atropurpurea’
Copper Beech
Fuchsia ‘Riccartonii’
n
n
n
n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
Common species used for hedging in problem areas
n
n
Griselinia cvs
Broadleaf
n
Hippophae rhamnoides
Sea Buckthorn
n
n
Ilex aquifolium cvs
Holly
n
n
Laurus nobilis
Bay
n
Lavandula cvs
Lavender
n
n
Please contact us for advice on selection
n
continued ... n
- Plant available
cvs - Cultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc
* Please note that xCupressocyparis leylandii has changed name to xCuprocyparis leylandii
17
n
n
n
Ligustrum ovalifolium ‘Aureum’
Gold Leaf Privet
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Lonicera pileata cvs Olearia macrodonta
New Zealand Holly
n
Olearia x haastii
Daisy Bush
n
Osmanthus cvs Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’
Sweet Olive
n
n
Photinia
n n
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’
n
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Rotundifolia’
Laurel
Prunus lusitanica
Portuguese Laurel
n
Prunus lusitanica ‘Myrtifolia’ Prunus spinosa
Blackthorn
n
Pyracantha cvs
Firethorn
n
Rhododendron cvs
Rhododendron
Rosa cvs
Rose
Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosemary
Salix cvs
Willow
Santolina chaemaecyparis
Cotton lavender
n
Tamarix tetrandra
Tamarisk
n
Taxus baccata
Yew
Viburnum tinus
Common Laurustinus
- Plant available
cvs - Cultivars - all species and cultivars cannot be listed due to vast differences in heights, flower colour, etc
n
Pittosporum cvs
Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’
n
n
Please contact us for advice on selection
n
n
n
n
n n n
n n
n
n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
WINDBREAKS
Oval Leaf Privet
ROOF TERRACES
POLLUTION
Ligustrum ovalifolium
COMMON NAME
EXPOSED
Common species used for hedging in problem areas
COASTAL
BOTANICAL NAME
18
6 Pruning Hedging Plants A hedge is a long term project and investment so establishing and maintaining its shape is
n
vital to the continual enjoyment of your hedge. If left unchecked plants can be difficult to
Larger hedges benefit from the top of the
It is important that all pruning tools, such
eg. Buxus sempervirens, Lonicera nitida.
prune back to a more manageable size and can also make the hedge look unsightly.
hedge being tapered, ie. narrower at the
as saws, secateurs, electric trimmers are
Smaller leaved plants can be trimmed
Therefore regular clipping/pruning is important to maintain shape and keep a balanced
top than at the bottom. This shape allows
kept sharp and clean. Blunt cutting blades
back using shears or electrical pruners.
outline, particularly in the first few years of establishment. Most hedges will need to be
better light penetration to the lower
can cause damage and leave jagged
As leaves are smaller they tend not to
pruned to the desired shape before the hedge actually reaches its desired height.
branches thus preventing dying off, ensures
wounds that are not only unsightly but can
show damage from cutting. Do not trim
dense growth and prevents snow
also allow pests and diseases to enter the
Buxus sempervirens in direct sunlight as
settlement on the top of the hedge causing
plant through the open wounds. All
this will cause damage to the leaf.
n
Why prune?
n
Pruning when planting
Hedge Shape
n
Pruning Tools and Husbandry
- Small Leaf Plants
All hedges benefit from pruning and/or
Many people are nervous of pruning a
damage.
Hedge tops can either be
trimmings should be cleaned away and
trimming. Many species if left unpruned
newly planted hedge - but a long term
trimmed flat or slightly tapered at an angle
disposed of as soon as possible after
Deciduous
can reach tree like proportions and fail to
outlook is best at the initial planting stage.
depending on plant selection and
pruning. Again this helps to prevent any
Maintenance pruning is best undertaken
create a proper boundary as required. For
As a general rule follow these guidelines:
aesthetics. Although it may not always
spread of pests and disease.
in the summer or autumn to winter. Every
a hedge to look attractive and create a
appear obvious to the naked eye the same
year trim top growth and sideshoots on a
permanent feature, maintenance is a top
Evergreen
principal applies to smaller hedges too,
n
priority. This is generally more important
Lightly prune on planting leaving the lead
such as Buxus sempervirens.
All hedges will need pruning on a regular
for formal hedges.
shoot un-pruned. Cut back any sideshoots
basis, at least once a year. It is much easier
that spoil the desired outline. Avoid pruning
to prune lightly on a regular basis than
Conifer
in extreme weather conditions as dieback
heavy pruning every few years. Always
Maintenance pruning is best undertaken
can occur.
ensure that there are no nesting birds when
in summer. Prune twice a year in the
trimming a hedge.
summer months to the desired shape. Cut
The main reasons to prune a hedge are: n
To train into desired shape.
n
To maintain desired hedge shape.
n
To maintain aesthetic qualities.
n
To stop the plants from becoming ‘leggy’.
n
n
Deciduous Evergreen
height is achieved. Do not prune after
Cut back any weak shoots and lightly prune
Maintenance pruning is best undertaken
August/September.
stronger shoots to encourage branching.
in summer. Prune once or twice a year in TAPERED HEDGE SHAPES
summer to the desired shape. Cut out the leading shoot when the desired height is
Lightly prune on planting leaving the lead
achieved.
a denser hedge.
shoot un-pruned. Cut back any sideshoots,
- Large Leaf Plants
To prevent unwanted shade.
do not prune out leading shoot. Avoid
eg. Prunus rotundifolia, Photinia x fraseri
pruning in extreme weather conditions as
‘Red Robin’. Larger leaved plants should
dieback can occur.
be pruned back to inside the foliage canopy to disguise the wound. Do not cut across the leaves as this can
n
To maintain security.
trim any sideshoots to maintain shape.
Cut back plants by up to a third on planting.
Conifers
To keep hedge productive
regular basis to maintain shape. In summer
out the leading shoot when the desired
To encourage side shoots creating
eg. berries for wildlife. n
When and How
cause unsightly browning.
Do not to prune in the middle of a sunny day as damage to the leaf can cause brown edges.
These pruning tips are intended as a guideline only. Seasonal variations may occur.
19
20
The summary table on the following pages is a condensed form of all the information from
R E F E R E N C E S
K E Y
NPS National Plant Specification
CVS - Cultivars
the entire booklet. This table is to be used as a guideline only, regional and seasonal variations may apply. Always check with your plant supplier for sizes, varieties and cultivars that are not listed. As with any industry, changes always occur, especially in the fields of pruning, production and planting. We have tried to be as up-to-date as possible when writing and compiling this booklet. However practices always change in response to research and differences between generations. We recommend that you keep an eye on relevant websites such as HTA and RHS for ever changing, up to date advice on planting and pruning.
www.gohelios.co.uk www.the-hta.org.uk
Availability BR - Bareroot
www.wyevale-east.co.uk
RB - Rootball, C - Container Grown
www.wyevalenurseries.co.uk www.plantpress.com
Formal/Informal F - Formal, I - Informal
www.nhm.ac.uk
Foliage E - Evergreen
www.rhs.org.uk
D - Deciduous, SE - Semi-Evergreen,
www.ukgardening.co.uk
HL - Holds leaves in winter
www.landscaping.about.com n
Bagust,H. 2001. The Hutchinson Dictionary
Native N - Native Plant
of Plant Names: Common & Botanical. Helicon. n
Brickell, C. 1996. The Royal Horticultural
Berry/Fruit/Nuts B - Berry/Fruit/Nuts
Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Dorling Kindersley. n
Brickell, C & Joyce, D. 1996. The Royal
Horticultural Society. Pruning and Training - A Fully Illustrated Plant by Plant Manual.
Thorns T - Thorns/Spines/Prickly Leaves Problem Areas C - Coastal, E - Exposed P - Pollution, R - Roof Terraces W - Windbreaks/Shelterbelts
Dorling Kindersley. n
So, we’ve covered choice, function, supply and availability
... the rest is up to you!
Brookes, J. 1992. Garden Design Book.
Dorling Kindersley. n
Ferguson, N. 1984. Right Plant, Right Place.
Macmillan. n
Hillier, J & Coombes A. 2002.
Hardiness HH - Half hardy (can withstand temperatures down to 0ºC) FRH - Frost hardy (can withstand temperatures down to -5ºC)
The Hillier Manual of Trees and Shrubs.
FUH - Full hardy
David and Charles.
(can withstand temperatures down to -15ºC)
n
Toogood, A. 2004. RHS Wisley Experts.
Gardeners Advice. All Your Questions
Ref: The Royal Horticultural Society
Answered. Dorling Kindersley
A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants
BR/RB/C
I
D
Common Alder
BR/RB/C
I
D
Arbutus unedo
Strawberry Tree
C
F
E
Aucuba japonica ‘Crotonifolia’
Spotted Laurel
C
F
E
Berberis species cvs
Barberry
BR/RB/C
F&I
D&E
Buxus sempervirens
Box
BR/RB/C
F
E
Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’
Edging Box
BR/RB/C
F
Camellia cvs
Camellia
C
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Cornus alba cvs
Red Stem Dogwood
Cornus sanguinea
N B
Twice
Aut/Win
C/E
FUH
Once
Aut/Win
W
FUH
Once
Aut/Win
W
FUH
Once
Aut/Win
C/P/R
FUH
Once
Spr
P
FUH
Once
Sum
C/P
FUH
Twice
Sum
C/P/R
FUH
E
Twice
Sum
C/P/R
FUH
F
E
Once
Spr
P
FUH
BR/RB/C
F&I
HL
Once
Sum
C/E/P
FUH
BR/C
I
D
Once
Win/Spr
FUH
Dogwood
BR/C
I
D
Once
Win/Spr
FUH
Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’
Yellow Stem Dogwood
BR/C
I
D
Once
Win/Spr
FUH
Corylus avellana
Hazel
Cotoneaster cvs
Cotoneaster
Crataegus monogyna
Hawthorn/Quickthorn
xCuprocyparis leylandii xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘Castlewellan Gold’
BR/RB/C
I
D
C
F&I
D&E
BR/RB/C
I
D
Leylandii
RB/C
F
Golden Leylandii
T
HARDINESS
Italian Alder
Alnus glutinosa
PROBLEM AREAS
Alnus cordata
BEST TIME TO PRUNE
NATIVE
N
MAINTENANCE PER YEAR
FOLIAGE
D
THORNS/SPINES/ PRICKLY LEAVES
FORMAL/ INFORMAL
I
BERRY/ FRUIT/NUTS
AVAILABILITY
BR/RB/C
COMMON NAME
Field Maple
BOTANICAL NAME
Acer campestre
N
N
N
N
B
Once
Spr
B
Once
Sum
C/E/P
FUH
Once
Aut
C/E/P
FUH
E
Twice
Sum
C/E/W
FUH
N
B
T
FUH
RB/C
F
E
Twice
Sum
C/E/W
FUH
xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘Excalibur Gold’
RB/C
F
E
Twice
Sum
C/E/W
FUH
xCuprocyparis leylandii ‘2001’
RB/C
F
E
Twice
Sum
C/E/W
FUH
Once
Spr
Once
Spr/Sum
C/E/P/R
FUH
Once
Spr/Sum
C/P
FUH
Dodonea vicosa ‘Purpurea’
Purple Hop Bush
C
F
E
Elaeagnus x ebbingei cvs
Elaeagnus
C
F
E
Elaeagnus pungens cvs
Elaeagnus
C
F
E
Escallonia cvs
Escallonia
C
F
E
Once
Spr/Sum
C/P/R
FUH
Eucalyptus gunnii
Cider Gum
C
F
E
Once
Win/Spr
C/P
FUH
Euonymus europaeus
Spindle
BR/RB/C
I
D
B
Once
Win/Spr
FUH
Euonymus japonica cvs
Euonymus
C
F
E
B
Once
Sum
FRH
T
N
HH
All featured hedging
21
BR/RB/C
F&I
HL
C
F
E
C
F
E
C
I
D
Feijoa sellowiana (syn Acca)
Pineapple Guava
Fuchsia ‘Riccartonii’
HARDINESS
Copper Beech
Fargesia cvs
PROBLEM AREAS
Fagus sylvatica ‘Atropurpurea’
BEST TIME TO PRUNE
HL
MAINTENANCE PER YEAR
F&I
THORNS/SPINES/ PRICKLY LEAVES
FOLIAGE
BR/RB/C
BERRY/ FRUIT/NUTS
FORMAL/ INFORMAL
Beech
NATIVE
AVAILABILITY
All featured hedging
COMMON NAME
Fagus sylvatica
BOTANICAL NAME
22
N
B
Once
Sum
E/P
FUH
B
Once
Sum
E
FUH FUH
B
Once
Spr
Once
Spr
FRH C
FUH
Griselinia cvs
Broadleaf
C
F
E
Once
Spr
C
FUH
Hippophae rhamnoides
Sea Buckthorn
BR/C
I
E
N
B
T
Once
Win/Spr
C/E
FUH
Ilex aquifolium
Holly
RB/C
F&I
E
N
B
T
Once
Spr
C/E/P
FRH
Ilex aquifolium cvs
Holly
RB/C
F&I
E
B
T
Once
Spr
C/E/P
FRH
Ilex crenata
Japanese Holly
C
F
E
Once
Spr
Laurus nobilis
Bay
C
F
E
Twice
Sum
C
FRH
Lavandula cvs
Lavender
C
F
E
Once
Sum/Aut
C/R
FUH
Ligustrum ovalifolium
Oval Leaf Privet
BR/RB/C
F
SE
Twice
Sum
C/E/P
FUH
Ligustrum ovalifolium ‘Aureum’
Golden Privet
BR/RB/C
F
SE
Twice
Sum
C/E/P
FUH
Ligustrum vulgare
Common Privet
BR/C
I
SE
Once
Spr
FUH
Lonicera nitida cvs
Box Honeysuckle
BR/C
F
E
Twice
Sum
FUH
C
F
E
Twice
Sum
B
Once
Spr
FUH
B
Once
Spr
FRH
Lonicera pileata cvs
N
C/E/P
FUH
Malus sylvestris
Crab Apple
BR/RB/C
I
D
Nandina domestica
Sacred Bamboo
C
I
E
Olearia cvs
Daisy Bush
C
F
E
Once
Spr
C/E/P/R
FUH
Osmanthus cvs
Sweet Olive
C
F
E
Once
Spr
P/R
FUH
Photinia x fraseri ‘Little Red Robin’
Photinia
C
F
E
Twice
Spr/Sum
P
FRH
C
F
E
Twice
Spr/Sum
P
FRH
Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’
N
B
FUH
Phyllostachys aurea cvs
Yellow Stem Bamboo
C
F
E
FUH
Phyllostachys nigra
Black Stem Bamboo
C
F
E
FUH
Pittosporum cvs Prunus laurocerasus ‘Etna’ Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’
C
F
E
Twice
Spr/Sum
C
FRH
RB/C
F
E
B
Once
Spr
P
FUH
C
F
E
B
Once
Spr
P
FUH
BEST TIME TO PRUNE
PROBLEM AREAS
HARDINESS
THORNS/SPINES/ PRICKLY LEAVES
F
E
B
Once
Spr
P
FUH
RB/C
F
E
B
Once
Spr
E/P
FRH
RB/C
F
E
B
Once
Spr
E/P
FRH
Once
Aut
C/E
FUH
Prunus spinosa
Blackthorn/Sloe
BR/C
I
D
Pseudosasa japonica
Arrow Bamboo
C
F
E
Pyracantha cvs
Firethorn
C
F
E
Quercus ilex
Evergreen Oak
C
F
E
Rhamnus cathartica
Buckthorn
BR/C
I
E
Rhododendron cvs
Rhododendron
RB/C
F
E
Rosa canina
Dog Rose
BR/C
I
D
N
B
T
Once
Rosa rubiginosa
Sweet Briar
BR/C
I
D
N
B
T
Once
Rosa rugosa
Ramanas Rose
BR/C
I
D
B
T
Rosa spinosissima
Burnet Rose
BR/C
I
D
B
T
Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosemary
C
F
E
Salix alba cvs
White Willow
BR/C
I
D
Salix caprea
Goat Willow
BR/C
I
D
Salix cinerea
Grey Sallow Willow
BR/C
I
D
Salix viminalis
Osier Willow
BR/C
I
D
Sambucus nigra
Elderberry
BR/C
I
D
Santolina chamaecyparissus
Cotton Lavender
C
F
E
Symphiocarpos cvs
Snowberry
C
I
D
Tamarix cvs
Tamarisk
C
I
D
Taxus baccata
Yew
BR/RB/C
F
E
Thuja plicata
Western Red Cedar
BR/RB/C
F
RB/C
Thuja plicata ‘Atrovirens’
N
BERRY/ FRUIT/NUTS
BR/RB/C
NATIVE
MAINTENANCE PER YEAR
Portuguese Laurel
Prunus lusitanica ‘Myrtifolia’
FOLIAGE
Prunus lusitanica
FORMAL/ INFORMAL
Laurel
AVAILABILITY
COMMON NAME
BOTANICAL NAME
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Rotundifolia’
B
T
FUH B
N
T
T
Once
Sum
Once
Win/Spr
C/P
FUH FRH
Once
Spr
FUH E/P
FUH
Spr
P
FUH
Spr
P
FUH
Once
Spr
P
FUH
Once
Spr
P
FUH
Once
Sum
E/R
FRH
Once
Win/Spr
P
FUH
N
Once
Win/Spr
P
FUH
N
Once
Win/Spr
P
FUH
Once
Win/Spr
P
FUH
Once
Win/Spr
Once
Spr
B
Once
Spr
Once
Sum
C/E/P
FUH
B
Twice
Sum/Aut
E/P
FUH
E
Twice
Spr/Sum
FUH
F
E
Twice
Spr/Sum
FUH
N
N
N
B
FUH C/R
FRH FUH
Viburnum lantana
Wayfaring Tree
BR/C
I
D
N
B
Once
Spr
FUH
Viburnum opulus
Guelder Rose
BR/C
I
D
N
B
Once
Spr
FUH
Viburnum tinus cvs
Common Laurustinus
C
F
E
B
Once
Spr
C/E/P
FUH
All featured hedging
23
24
The top twelve ...
1 Buxus sempervirens - Box Small leaved evergreen native with a very
4 xCuprocyparis leylandii - Leylandii
7 Lavandula angustifolia cultivars - Lavender
10 Prunus laurocerasus ‘Rotundifolia’ - Laurel
dense habit. The dark green foliage has a
A very fast growing hedging plant with an
An evergreen aromatic low growing
A fast growing evergreen with large glossy
slight scent. Box is ideal for use in
undeserved bad reputation. This reputation
hedging plant with grey foliage. The purple
green, leathery leaves. Cherry laurel is a
parterres, knot gardens, formal low hedges
is usually due to bad maintenance where
blue flowers are held above the foliage and
very popular choice due to its vigorous
and mixing in with herbaceous plants. Box
plants have been left unchecked for many
are great for attracting pollinating insects.
growth rate and its dense growth habit.
is very slow growing and tolerant of shady
years and reached huge proportions.
A classic plant for creating a compact low
Commonly used in roadside planting as it
conditions.
Leylandii still remain a popular choice as
hedge or border. Lavender is commonly
is very tolerant of pollution and the large
they are good value for money due to the
used to edge paths or where the plant may
leaves also shield from noise pollution.
2 Carpinus betulus - Hornbeam
rapid growth rate. To keep the plants in
be brushed against to appreciate the scent.
Cherry Laurel is tolerant of a wide range of
check and the foliage dense trim lightly
Great for a seaside garden, drought tolerant
soil conditions and good in shade.
A hardy native plant very similar to
twice a year.
when established. Requires full sun and dislikes a waterlogged soil.
11 Prunus lusitanica - Portuguese Laurel
8 Ligustrum ovalifolium - Oval Leaf Privet
A fast growing evergreen with pointed dark
emerge light green in the spring, gradually
The glossy green leaves turn golden
darkening throughout the season to a
A semi-evergreen hedging plant with plain
The leaves are smaller than a Cherry Laurel
yellow in the autumn and then brown
coppery brown in the autumn. Beech is a
green slightly pointed leaves and white
and much darker in colour. The red stems
later in the season. Although the plant is
versatile plant and is easily used for both
flowers that are attractive to both
on the new growth stand out brilliantly
deciduous it can be classed as semi
formal hedge plantings and mixed native
butterflies and birds. Common Privet may
against the dark foliage. The Portuguese
evergreen as it holds onto its leaves
hedges. Tolerates sun and shade and most
lose some leaves in a severe winter. It is
Laurel is tolerant of many conditions and
throughout the winter. Plants should be
soils except extreme wet conditions.
reasonably fast growing and will need
is slightly more drought resistant than the
trimming at least twice a year to keep the
Cherry Laurel.
Beech in appearance, it also retains its leaves in the autumn so this can lead to
5 Fagus sylvatica - Beech
some confusion between the two;
A native plant with wavy edged leaves that
Hornbeam has deeper veins than Beech.
pruned in late summer to ensure the leaves are retained.
6 Ilex aquifolium - Holly
foliage dense.
12 Taxus baccata - Yew
Slow growing hardy evergreen plant useful
3 Crataegus monogyna - Hawthorn
for sites that requires little maintenance.
green glossy leaves with bright red stems.
A classic native plant choice for traditional
The leaves are prickly and dark glossy
9 Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’ - Photinia
An absolute staple plant for any mixed or
green in colour. Common Holly has a dense
A real favourite evergreen hedging plant
evergreen foliage with lovely bright green
native hedge. This thorny plant is a real
growth habit and forms a good hedge for
having gained in popularity in the last
shoots in the spring. Red fruits are
tough cookie and will grow in almost any
security purposes. The Holly is quite a
decade or so. Brilliant red glossy young
produced in the autumn, these are
situation across the UK. A native of the
versatile plant providing berries for birds,
growth is produced in the spring gradually
poisonous to humans but much enjoyed
British countryside and widely valued for
winter colour and is good for use in seaside
fading to dark glossy green leaves later in
by birds. Yew is relatively easy to grow and
its white flowers in May followed by shiny
and industrial areas. Will tolerate most soils
the summer. Photinia is easy to grow and
tolerant of most soils, even chalk. Also
red berries in the autumn.
and likes full to partial shade.
tolerant of most conditions.
tolerant of shady sites.
formal hedges. Slow growing dense
PROVENDER NURSERIES
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PROVENDER N U R S E R I E S
The Landscape Centre Leydenhatch Lane Swanley, Kent BR8 7PS Plants: 01322 662315 Products: 01322 662130
[email protected]
www.provendernurseries.co.uk
rrp £6.99
