Transcript
Hooked On Evidence Tutorial Welcome to the "Hooked on Evidence" initiative! This manual will serve as an instructional guide to enable reviewers to be consistent and accurate in entering reviews into the database. To add a review you must use the Internet Explorer web browser, version 5.5 or higher. To determine your current browser version simply click on the “Add Review” option where you will find it listed midway down the page. If you are not using Internet Explorer 5.5 or higher then you should upgrade to this browser by going to the following link: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/default.asp The website address for accessing the Hooked on Evidence Database is located at: http://www.apta.org/hookedonevidence/index.cfm
An introduction screen will appear describing the objective and history of the project. To login as a user of the site, click on the " login" hyperlink located in the upper right hand corner of the screen. To login as a reviewer who is an APTA member you will need to input your member i.d. number (omit any preceding zeros, i.e. “0334537” is input as “334537”) and lastname. Reviewers who are non-APTA members will be issued a temporary i.d. to use for logging into the website and submitting reviews. NON-MEMBERS WILL NOT BE GRANTED PERMISSION TO PERFORM A SEARCH OF THE SITE.
1
The next screen following the login procedure displays your personal activity file related to any previous reviews you have submitted and their current status.
Clickable icons related to editing, submitting, printing and deleting a review accompany each review. The status of each review is defined by the following terms: Pending: A pending review is a review that has not been fully completed by the reviewer but is stored in the database. The reviewer can regain access to this review by clicking on the edit icon . You can also submit a finished review by clicking on the icon. A print function is available to enable you to output a hard copy of the review for your records. A delete function allows the reviewer to delete the existing review from the database. These options allow you to be able to review the information you have entered prior to submitting to the database and also allow you to return to a review at another time. Entering into and navigating through your review at any time during the creation process automatically “refreshes” or saves your work. However, should a pending review go untouched for ten consecutive days it will be totally deleted from the system. Therefore, you may not “rest” for more than ten days before continuing with a review. Submitted: A submitted review is a completed review that is awaiting approval into the database by the database administrator. All completed reviews will be subject to a final review by the database administrator to insure accuracy. Published: Published reviews are those that have been entered into the database, approved by the database administrator, and can be searched and retrieved by any APTA member who has logged into the database. A published review represents the end of the review process. Add Review Option As an article reviewer you will be asked to input information. The goal of the Hooked on Evidence (HOE) initiative is to create a database for physical therapists who would like to access current research pertaining to physical therapy interventions and outcomes. Your attention to detail and accurate responses to the questions posed is of vital importance to the success of this project. The input form is integrated with the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Thus, it is recommended that you become familiar with the terminology in the Guide. To begin inputting a review click on the Add Review hyperlink located in the 2
upper left hand corner of the page or the “Begin Entering Review” button. Please note that o nce you begin completing the review form, entering into and navigating through your review at anytime during the creation process automatically “refreshes” your work. Completing a page and entering into the next screen automatically saves your work. However, should your review go untouched for ten consecutive days it will be totally deleted from the system. Before clicking on the "Begin entering Review" button make sure you have reviewed the online help and navigation items listed on the page. They are defined using the following icons and symbols:
- Definition Window
If you need clarification on what type of data to enter or a definition of a specific item, click this icon located next to the form field. - Popup Window
Shows a list of items you can choose from to input into the form field. - Collapsible/Expandable Section
Some forms may be lengthy. Clicking this symbol when applicable will expand or collapse a field to fit more information on your screen.
Form Progress Meter
A Progress Meter appears on the left side of each page. It is a list of the six individual sections you will need to fill out and tells you at a glance how much of the form has been finished and how much is left to complete. The individual sections are:
3
The steps of completion are: - Page has no data entered. - Page has data entered in at least one field. - Page has data entered in all fields.
Placing your cursor over a section in the Progress Meter will show you what percentage of the form has been filled out on that page. You can also click on any of the individual sections to immediately jump to that section. A bold font in this menu indicates the page you are currently working in.
If you are just interested in learning about Hooked on Evidence or do not want to start a new review, you may take a tour of the form. Please note that no information will be saved during this tour. To begin a tour click on the following button:
Whether entering a review or simply taking a tour of the web site, the following is an instructional overview of each section:
GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION Reviewer Information
4
Review Author: This field will automatically display your name as it appears in the APTA membership database. Description: Enter a brief description of your review in your own words that will ensure easy classification and retrieval by you in the future. Your description should be unique and easy to remember. For example, “ACL in young women” or “manipulation on construction workers” or “CHF in nursing homes” might be good memory joggers, particularly if you are working on several articles simultaneously. E-Mail: Enter your email address where correspondence should be sent. The database administrator will use this address to contact you with questions or inquiries.
Physical Therapist Guide to Practice Information
Information in this section will categorize the data you input into "Guide" format. It is essential that the information in this section be entered as accurately as possible. Accuracy will allow users of the database to perform more comprehensive searches within the database. This section contains the categories listed below: Select Target Condition (Medical Problem): Enter the condition via free text or click on the located to the right of the input box to show a pop-up menu of target conditions. Use the "filter by name" (starting letter of condition) or "filter by code" (ICD-9 Code). Click on the item to store the ICD9 code associated with the study condition. Select Element of the Patient/Client Management Model: Use the drop down menu to select which management model the study pertains to (i.e. examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, and outcomes).
5
At the present time, only studies investigating physical therapy interventions should be entered. Select Practice Pattern Group: Identify which practice pattern group the study fits into using the drop down menu (i.e. cardiovascular/pulmonary, integumentary, musculoskeletal, and neuromuscular systems). Your choice for “pattern group” will determine your list of practice pattern choices in the next field (select practice pattern). Select Practice Pattern: Preferred practice patterns describe the subgroups of the four practice pattern clusters that are relevant to physical therapists. Click on the icon to review and select the accompanying pattern based on your previously selected pattern group. Citation
Providing accurate information in this section will allow for efficient searching using the items listed below: Author(s): List all authors using last name first followed by first and middle initials, excluding periods and, except to separate authors, commas (i.e. Eng JJ, Levins SM). Manuscript Title: Type the complete title of the article as stated (i.e. Use of prolonged standing for individuals with spinal cord injuries). Subtitles should also be listed. 6
Journal: Select the appropriate journal title from the drop down menu provided. If the desired journal does not appear choose "other". Year: Enter the year of publication as a four -digit number (i.e.”1999” not “99”). Volume: Enter the volume number of the journal in which the article appears. Number: Enter accompanying number for the volume cited. Pages: Enter the beginning and end page numbers of the entire article, including references, using the two boxes provided. Do not abbreviate the page numbers (i.e. “pp 124-26” should be listed as “124-126”). Specific Keywords: Enter all keywords as defined by the author(s). Keywords are typically listed below the abstract at the beginning of an article. If no keywords are provided, then supply your own based on the content of the article. Author's Purpose: Directly state the purpose of the study as defined by the author(s). This information is usually found at the end of the introduction section of the paper. Select the “Next” button at the bottom of this page to move to the next section/screen.
7
STUDY DESIGN Design:
Design Type: Using the drop down menu select the type of design used in the study. If you are not sure of the definitions of each design click on the icon to the right of the scroll box to view definitions and information about each type of design. Study Population: Check mark all selections that best describe the age groups of subjects in the study. Population/Location: Check mark all selections that best describe the location(s) where the data collection has taken place.
8
Subject Identification and Selection
Inclusion Criteria: As concisely as possible, describe the author's criteria for subjects to be included in the study. Although there is no limit to the number of characters allowed in this field brevity (255 characters or less) is advantageous. Exclusion Criteria: As concisely as possible, describe the author's criteria that made persons ineligible as subjects for the study. The exclusion criteria tend to be the contrasting characteristics of the inclusion criteria. Although there is no limit to the number of characters allowed in this field brevity (255 characters or less) is advantageous.
STUDY DETAILS Sampling
These questions pertain to the methods of subject selection. For each question input or check the appropriate response. Many studies may not report this information. If this is the case then check the "not reported" box.
9
How were the subjects selected to participate in the study? Select the type of sampling method (probability vs. non-probability) that was used in the study. If you do not understand the difference between a probability and a non-probability sample click on the icon to view definitions related to each sampling method. The choice categories of "don't know" or "not described" may be checked if you still are unable to answer this question after reviewing the definition. The following questions require you to input a number (not a percentage) in each accompanying box or to click on the appropriate radio button (i.e. not reported, don’t know). How many subjects were contacted initially? Determine if the author cites how many potential subjects were available for the study prior to meeting eligibility requirements of the study. How many subjects were eligible to participate? This represents the number of contacted individuals who met the criteria you listed under the inclusion criteria section of the review form. How many subjects agreed to participate? This number may not be different from the numbers who were eligible. What was the response rate? Enter as a percentage. General Participant Characteristics
Answers to each of these questions will further define any strengths and weaknesses associated with the sampling method and study methodology. These characteristics should not be confused with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of subjects in the study. Describe general non-clinical characteristics of study participants (i.e. age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, etc). Enter a short statement or series of phrases that accurately describe the non-clinical characteristics of the subjects involved in the study. Some studies may not fully describe non-clinical characteristics, in which case enter “not described.” 10
Describe general clinical characteristics of study participants (i.e. diagnosis/disease, signs & symptoms, baseline health, etc). Enter a short statement or series of phrases that accurately describe the clinical characteristics of the subjects involved in the study. Some studies may not fully describe clinical characteristics, in which case enter “not described.” Select the “Next” button at the bottom of this page to move to the next section/screen or the “Back” button to move to the preceding page.
METHODOLOGY Methodology Characteristics
Each of these questions will allow assessment of strengths and weaknesses associated with the study methodology. You are asked to respond and select from the following choices: Yes No Don't Know Not Provided Were the persons providing the intervention blinded? In other words, did the tester or person providing the treatment to the subjects know what the treatment was?
11
Were the subjects receiving the intervention blinded to the intervention? Did the subjects know what the treatment was that they were receiving? Was the person taking the measurements the same person who provided the intervention? This question attempts to address whether there was bias by using the same person in collecting the data as the one administering the treatment? Was the person taking the measurements blinded to the intervention? In other words, did the rater know what treatment each subject was given prior to collecting subject measures? Was an attempt made to test and analyze all participants according to the group to which they were assigned, whether or not they completed the intervention? This question attempts to determine whether there was a bias regarding treatment and subject drop out. In other words, did subjects who didn't complete the study show any differences (e.g., because treatment side-effects made their condition worse and therefore they dropped out) when compared to the subjects who completed the study? Select the “Next” button at the bottom of this page to move to the next section/screen or the “Back” button to move to the preceding page.
TREATMENT Interventions
12
In this section you will be asked to check all intervention categories used in the study under review. These categories are based on the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Additional subcategories with check boxes will appear where needed. For example, checking the "Manual Therapy Techniques" box will automatically expand the subcategories under this heading in a drop down menu format. You will then be able to indicate which specific manual therapy techniques were used. If the treatment used does not appear in one of these boxes type the technique in the text box marked "other". Intervention Characteristics by Group
This section requires input of text descriptions specific to each treatment group. A possible four treatment groups and one referent group are included. Input into the text box the methods used by the researcher in administering the intervention to the groups. Only fill in the boxes for the treatment groups of the study. If the study in review only had two treatment groups then leave the "Treatment Group 3", "Treatment Group 4, and "Control/Referent Group" text boxes empty. Treatment Group 1 Treatment Group 2 Treatment Group 3 Treatment Group 4 Control/Referent Group Select the “Next” button at the bottom of this page to move to the next section/screen or the “Back” button to move to the preceding page.
13
OUTCOMES Study Outcomes
This section will allow you to describe the type of outcome measures used in the study. You will also be asked to select each major outcome measure and any accompanying subcategories according to the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Results by Outcome Dichotomous and Continuous Data Input The two choices in this section, "Add Dichotomous" and "Add Continuous", define results by outcome. Dichotomous data are results that are represented by only two possible outcomes. Continuous data are results that may take an infinite number of values. To illustrate the difference using range of motion measurements, the outcome would be continuous if measured in degrees but would be dichotomous if the data was used to classify movement as improved/not improved. Click on the appropriate button to view pop-up window information. You will then be asked to specify test measures and statistical tests associated with each treatment group or case. You will be asked to enter information concerning risk and measures of central tendency and variability. Many of the terms used in this section have definition pop-up windows to assist you in understanding the terms. The group intervention information you entered from the previous screen will be carried over to this screen. When you are done entering all information click the "SAVE" button at the bottom of the window. After you ha ve entered and saved your list of outcomes you will be able to see the information listed out as shown below:
14
Author's Conclusions
Describe findings and conclusion as stated by the author: Describe the results and conclusions of the study according to the authors. Do not add your own conclusions in this section. Comments/Discussion
Input your personal and additional comments and include any questions you might have about the study: This final text box allows you to add your own thoughts and personal opinions of the study. Address any strengths and weakness you found as well as questions you may have regarding the appropriateness of the design etc. Select the “Back” button to move to the preceding page. Thank you for your review!
15
