Transcript
Innovation Journal ISSUE 7 · SUMMER 2017
INVENTING THE BLENDED WORLD OF TOMORROW
The past, present and future of 3D printing In this issue:
Industry 4.0 and the future of manufacturing Page 4
HP’s new open platform for 3D Page 7
Strategic shift to services at HP Page 10
HP’s new 3D Channel Program Page 13
3D printing for auto manufacturing Page 15
Lowering the impact of printing Page 16
HP Affinity Groups Page 18
3Decades of Inkjet Page 20
Special Report: HP and Shell racing to a brighter energy future Page 23
Meet HP 3D printing leaders Pages 30, 33
Digital transformation is a term that has
been bantered around enterprises, small businesses, and technology companies for years now. In this day and age, almost every business has gone through some form of digitization, be it computerizing their processes, moving to online transactions and cloud-based services, or mobilizing their workforce. But digitization does not equal transformation. To truly transform a business, market or industry, you need to look at it from end-to-end, and the ecosystem that surrounds it, from designers to manufacturers, to suppliers, partners, and customers. At HP, we take this holistic view of digital transformation very seriously. From how we develop our products and services, to the collaborative relationships we build with our partners and customers. Putting digital transformation through a 360-degree lens we can imagine not only how we can help our customers be more successful today but for years to come. In this issue of the Innovation Journal, we will provide a glimpse into how HP is transforming a variety of industries through 2D and 3D digital printing and new print services. Working together with partners and resellers, HP is helping customers reimagine how they do business, and in doing so creating better business outcomes. Digital transformation goes beyond technology and processes, it’s also a state-of-mind, a willingness to adapt and open yourself up to new possibilities. Shell has been a customer and collaborative partner for years and HP was thrilled to see how they are encouraging and celebrating students around the globe to have that same mindset with the Shell Eco-marathon. They are inspiring today’s youth to explore new ways of to design and build the potential energy-efficient cars of the future. These are exciting times we are in and I can’t wait to see the various industry metamorphoses we create together.
Shane Wall
Chief Technology Officer and Global Head of HP Labs
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Innovation Journal ISSUE 7 · SUMMER 2017
INVENTING THE BLENDED WORLD OF TOMORROW EDITORIAL STAFF
Mei Jiang Editor-In-Chief
Chandrakant Patel Managing Editor
Doug Warner Executive Editor
CONTRIBUTORS
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he HP Innovation Journal is a celebration of HP’s culture of invention and innovation— blending the heart and energy of a startup with the brains and muscle of a Fortune 50 company. Each issue will shine a spotlight on the intersection of our people and their ideas; on the notable new technologies and experiences that we’re developing; and on the key industry trends that we will drive through innovation. In this issue, we look at the future of printing and how 2D and 3D digital printing is transforming and revolutionizing industries. We explore how HP is creating a collaborative ecosystem of manufacturing, materials, design, and reseller partners to accelerate the adoption of 3D printing. And learn more about HP’s Everything-as-a-Service strategy in the first of a 3-part series. Finally, we go behind the scenes at the Shell Eco-marathon to witness global student teams design, build, test, and drive ultra-energy-efficient vehicles.
Get involved!
We want to hear from you! Email hpinnovationjournal@ hp.com to share your thoughts on the Innovation Journal.
Steve Nigro
Scott Schiller
Tim Weber
Tuan Tran
Shane Plaxton
Manel Martinez
Thomas Jensen
Alex Monino
Christoph Schell
Nathan Hurst
John Ortiz
Keith Moore
Shuchi Sarkar
Omer Gila
Napoleon Leoni
PARTNERS
Jim Mann
Pam Rosen Shell
Norman Koch Shell
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FEATURED ARTICLE
Industry 4.0 and the future of manufacturing Disrupting industries with 3D printing by S tephen Nigro, President, 3D Printing Business, HP; Scott Schiller, Global Head of Market Development, 3D Printing Business, HP
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and established players alike, taking advantage of simpler design tools and real-time production to prototype new product ideas and get them in the hands of users in days e now find ourselves amid a new vs. weeks. Crowdfunding entrepreneurs can paradigm shift in manufacturleverage 3D printing to test new product coning workflow and technology. As cepts, assessing market demand, production new technological breakthroughs begin to scalability, and supply chain requirements. blend our physical The success and Lead the next industrial revolution with innovative and digital worlds, rate of adoption of we are witnessing a digital manufacturtechnology in 3D printing revolutionary transing rest on the speed, formation in how we scalability, cost, and work, live, and interquality of the printact with each other. ed parts. And no The Fourth Industrial company is better Revolution is upon us positioned to help thanks to innovations spearhead this eflike 3D printing, the fort than HP. With 30 Industrial revolution, Mass production, Production automa- Digital manufacturing Internet of Things years of print techmechanical produc- electric power, labor tion electronics and IT and smart production, (IoT), artificial intelnology expertise and tion, water and steam division and assembly 3D printing, digitizaligence, and robotics a deep understandpower line tion and capital efficiency to name a few. It’s ing of industrial prodisrupting almost evduction, HP is building 1780s–1860s 1870s–1960s 1970s–2010s 2020s–Future 1784 Today ery industry, business on existing capabiliFirst mechanical loom model, and country. 3D printing is helping to usher in the 4th Industrial Revolution ties. Already leading This revolution the analog to digital has the potential to disrupt and reinvent vir- volumes of unused inventory will be replaced transformation in print manufacturing across tually every aspect of the $12 trillion manu- with new efficiencies and just-in-time manu- verticals like publishing, marketing and packfacturing industry.1 During the First Industrial facturing. In our ever-increasing hyper global aging with innovations like the HP Indigo and Revolution, water and steam power intro- and hyper-local world, digital manufacturing PageWide digital presses. HP is combining its duced the mechanization of production. That will enable product design and build files to rich history of inkjet printing, complex chemiswas then followed by the Second Industrial be sent anywhere around the world, bringing try, electronics, fluidics and scalable manufacRevolution with mass production thanks to manufacturing closer to the consumer. Local turing, to help usher in this new era. Applying electric power, labor division, and assembly 3D print service bureaus will accelerate product the company’s deep expertise in commercial line processes. The Third Industrial Revolution delivery, reduce carbon footprints, and simplify print speed, efficiencies, go-to-market, service, leveraged electronics and information tech- logistics and inventory management. Products and support to now transform manufacturing. nology to automate production. Today 3D will be produced based on consumer demand But even with HP’s unparalleled expertise, printing, digitization, and capital efficiency are and can be easily customized based on local scale or assets, no company can transform ushering in the era of digital manufacturing market taste and personalization. an industry at this magnitude alone. 3D print and smart production from design, to shop Digital manufacturing has the potential to market acceleration requires deep collaboralevel the playing field for business upstarts tion and an open environment. That’s why HP HP is on a mission to reinvent manufacturing. Traditional manufacturing methods and processes can no longer meet the challenges of our rapidly-changing world.
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floor, manufacturing, and across the entire supply chain. With the advent of additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing), parts and products can be designed, prototyped, and manufactured in a fraction of the time that it takes using conventional manufacturing technologies and processes. Redundancy and large
1 Wohlers Associates
HP is working with leading manufacturers, co-development partners, and strategic partners to transform manufacturing
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3D objects printed with the HP Jet Fusion 3D Printing Solution and Multi Jet Fusion technology
has been working hand in hand with leading manufacturers, materials suppliers, service bureaus, and design software design firms. HP and Siemens recently announced a collaboration to elevate 3D printing from prototyping to full production. Siemens’ new additive manufacturing offering, leveraging their end-to-end design to production technology suite, will unlock the power of HP Multi Jet Fusion technology. It will offer designers unprecedented print control, including material characteristics down to the voxel-level, at speeds up to ten times faster and at half the cost of current 3D print systems. Jabil Circuit, a global manufacturing services company, with 90 facilities across 23 countries around the world, was one of the first customers of HP’s Jet Fusion 3D printing solution. Jabil was attracted to the solution because of the ability to manufacture production-grade parts with cost-effective efficiency. “For us, what’s powerful is the ability to produce quality parts with consistency, a high level of mechanical integrity and at speeds that allow us to define a break-even point for
traditionally made parts using the HP platform,” stated John Dulchinos, VP of Global Automation and 3D Printing at Jabil. “We can get parts that can start to rival injection molding performance parameters with a cost model that can be competitive with molding parts,” Dulchinos added. Adding to the Multi Jet Fusion technology appeal is the ease of CAD model design and ability to create parts with geometry you can’t produce with molding. A key component of HP’s 3D printing strategy is to develop a partner-driven, open materials marketplace and ecosystem. The HP Multi Jet Fusion Open Platform helps to remove the barriers to widespread 3D printing adoption, by making it easier for companies to collaborate on new materials innovation and speed time to market. HP’s unique open platform model for 3D printing helps expand the availability of new materials — with the right properties, consistency, and durability — for next-generation industrial requirements. To ensure broad availability of 3D printing services to customers around the globe, HP
also recently unveiled a new global reseller program — the HP Partner First 3D Printing Specialization program. With more than 40 hand-selected, trained, and certified partners across North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, the program enables leading manufacturing solutions providers to rapidly deliver HP’s 3D printing technologies to customers and scale to meet their needs. Accelerated adoption of additive manufacturing reaches well beyond the product being manufactured with impact on the labor force, new skills development, and certification. With digital manufacturing systems often running 24/7 with less need for human oversight and fewer skills required to run those systems. At the same time, it opens an opportunity for new careers related to oversight of the digital processes, service engineers, machine operators, software developers, professionals with a Materials Science and Metallurgy, IoT, and data analytics. It also requires a series of new certifications in processes, parts, and materials spurring a new wave of manufacturing learning and training. The digital manufacturing revolution is upon us and the possibilities are endless. Is your business ready for this next wave? Let’s start reinventing manufacturing together.
Stephen Nigro is the President of HP‘s 3D Printing business. In this role, he is responsible for bringing disruptive innovations to market, leveraging our proven technology and 2D expertise to lead the 3D print market.
HP Jet Fusion 3D 4200 Printer
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Scott Schiller is the Global Head of Customer and Market Development for HP’s 3D Printing global business unit, and is accountable for vertical market development, strategic customer engagement and strategic partnerships/ alliances across 3D printing initiatives.
FEATURED ARTICLE
Accelerating 3D printing adoption through open collaboration Deep partnership is revolutionizing digital manufacturing by D r. Tim Weber, Global Head of 3D Materials and Advanced Applications, HP
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he blending of our physical and digital worlds is helping to usher in the next industrial revolution and transform manufacturing as we know it. From initial design to shop-floor setup and from manufacturing and assembly to the supply chain, logistics, and distribution, this next industrial revolution has the potential to disrupt every aspect of the $12 trillion manufacturing industry. Advancements in 3D printing are helping to lead this revolution, changing the way the world designs, manufactures and distributes products. As discussed in the Industry 4.0 and the future of manufacturing article in this issue, (see page 4), an industry transformation of this magnitude requires deep collaboration and partnership. That’s why HP has been working hand in hand with leading manufacturers, materials suppliers, service bureaus, and design software design firms. A key component of HP’s 3D printing strategy is to develop a partner-driven, open materials marketplace and ecosystem. The HP Multi Jet Fusion Open Platform helps to remove the barriers to widespread 3D printing adoption, by making it easier for companies to collaborate on new materials innovation, and speed time to market.
HP Jet Fusion 3D 4200 printer
Open platform for 3D innovation In this spirit, HP collaborated with SIGMADESIGN, to offer the industry’s first Materials Development Kit (MDK) for 3D printing materials, ensuring a robust and expanding array of materials for end-customers and a simplified certification and testing process for partners. Material partners can then use the MDK to quickly test 3D powder spreadability and compatibility
with HP Jet Fusion 3D printers before submitting them to HP for certification into the HP open platform. HP’s unique open platform model for 3D printing helps expand the availability of new materials — with the right properties, consistency and durability — for next-generation industrial requirements. The open platform model also helps lower materials and development costs, drive speed and performance improvements, and create new possibilities for part properties meeting specific industry needs.
State-of-the-art 3D Open Materials and Applications Lab
Multi Jet Fusion process test bed
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To help realize this vision HP recently unveiled a state-of-the-art lab where companies develop, test, and deliver the next generation of materials and applications for 3D printing. The world’s first 3D Open Materials and Applications Lab opened its doors in March in Corvallis, Oregon — the home to some of HP’s most advanced 3D printing technologies. The new lab is where materials developers from all over the world can come to innovate, iterate and test materials, working in tandem with HP additive manufacturing experts. Companies at the lab will have access to HP’s latest Multi Jet Fusion printers where
Materials companies can use the MDK to quickly test 3D powder spreadability and compatibility with HP Jet Fusion 3D printers
HP 3D Open Materials Development Lab
they can test new, powdered raw materials to use in HP’s 3D printers. HP alone cannot develop and certify 30,000 plus materials made by all the materials companies in the world; but working together in a hands-on, agile development environment enables HP to test and certify materials that are compatible with our Multi Jet Fusion technology. It’s a win-win: partners can solve customer problems using 3D print technology while HP expands its materials library. Inaugural Open Lab partners — Arkema, BASF, Evonik, Lehman & Voss, and Henkel — are working with HP to co-develop new materials and refine the materials certification process. Henkel, the latest
partner to join HP’s ecosystem of global materials leaders, is focusing development on providing novel powder materials for use with HP Jet Fusion 3D printers. BASF is using HP’s 3D Open Materials and Applications Lab to accelerate the develop ment of materials with better mechanical properties. They have been able to rapidly iterate multiple versions of their elastomer, a thermoplastic polyurethane, adding to their existing product portfolio. The opportunities for new materials development are endless thanks in part to the mighty HP Voxel. HP Multi Jet Fusion technology sets the stage for future platforms that could transform color, texture,
Voxel level control properties of an HP 3D-printed part
• Color
• Electrical properties
• Texture
• Optical properties
• Mechanical properties
• And more…
and mechanical properties at the “voxel” level — a 3D unit of measure that’s just about 50 microns, the width of a human hair. Manipulating printing materials could create 3D printed objects with conductivity, flexibility, embedded data, and translucency — and that’s just the beginning. The possible combinations and potential applications are limitless. HP’s hope is that the Open Materials Platform will become in a sense an app store for 3D printing materials, offering customers a wide array of certified materials to choose from, providing them all the cost, quality and productivity benefits 3D printing has to offer. Evonik became the first partner to announce a certified material on the platform. Evonik certified VESTOSINT® 3D Z2773, a plastics powder used for food production equipment components which require flexibility due to limited quantities or unique, complex designs. This is just the beginning of what is possible when HP partners with global materials leaders. Expanding the development and lowering the cost of advanced 3D printing materials and applications is a critical catalyst for the digital reinvention of the global manufacturing industry. And we are just getting started!
Tim Weber is Global Head of 3D Materials and Advanced Applications for HP. His organization is responsible for development and commercialization of additive manufacturing (3-D Printed) materials, processes, and applications.
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FEATURED ARTICLE
The Everything-as-a-Service revolution Insight into a key part of HP’s growth strategy by T uan Tran, General Manager and Global Head of Office Printing Solutions, HP; Shane Plaxton, Director, Solutions Strategy and Product Marketing, HP; Manel Martinez, General Manager, Worldwide Managed Print Services, HP
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through strategic investments in hardware, software, services, and channel programs. Along with their partners and channel-enabled services, HP has transformed into a market leader by building processes, intelechnology innovations and customer lectual property, and experienced experts demands are disrupting traditional who know how to assess customer needs business models and pushing com- and deliver a managed print contract with panies to evolve and adapt. Trends like rapid customized service. urbanization, hyper globalization, accelerMPS also delivers a substantial cost imated innovation, and changing demograph- provement. In fact, MetLife, a leading global ics are driving more customers to consider provider of insurance, annuities, and emEverything-as-a-Service (XaaS) offerings to ployee benefit programs, recently experiimprove agility, security, and IT ROI. enced considerable savings. After a previous From computing to printing and technolo- managed print contract with another vendor, gy services, XaaS providers can give custom- MetLife set new and significant goals with HP ers a one-stop experience that can change for the next phase of their managed print and scale based on their unique needs. services. They added color capabilities, Mobile, always-on users deincreased duplex printing, admand more from their IT. vanced printer consolidation, They look to improve their and strengthened security. workflows, in order to MetLife moved forward on support the bottom line every one of its goals, plus and address end-usthey reduced their carbon er needs. Companies footprint, introduced moneed to increase agility, bile printing, and reduced develop streamlined prooverall costs. cesses, reduce costs, The importance of seand protect against “Everything-as-a-Service is curity in XaaS is growing, security risks to stay too. HP’s most advanced, our fastest growing pipeline.” competitive. To do that, embedded security func— Dion Weisler, HP CEO companies are engagtionality is available on ing in strategic partnerships and services, HP Enterprise-level MPS devices. HP offers and expanding the service-oriented econo- a combination of security capabilities includmy, including XaaS offerings. ing complete security audits and protection HP is an ideal XaaS partner because of for your corporation and customers’ data. its long history of providing best-in-class A3 Multifunction Printers (MFPs) are a consumer and enterprise print services. HP’s central element of many print and technolofferings started a decade ago when the ogy services. The printers are named after company launched Managed Print Services the paper size 11.69 x 16.53 inches (29.7 (MPS), enabling customers to reduce up to cm x 42 cm) most commonly used in U.S. 30 percent of their costs.1 office copiers. It’s also industry shorthand In the past 10 years HP has transformed for high-volume, multi-user copiers for from an emerging player to a market lead- small- and medium-sized businesses and er in MPS. HP is actively expanding its Print enterprises. The printers work for a variety Services portfolio to help clients around the of jobs — everything from black-and-white world manage and protect their print envi- pages to colorful booklets with hundreds of ronment. HP is driving this XaaS movement pages. They also have fewer service parts in both direct sales and channel partnerships than a traditional copier, making them easier and far less expensive to service. This is the first article in a new three-part series entitled, “The Everything-as-a-Service Revolution.” The series will provide insight into HP’s Everythingas-a-Service expertise and innovation, a key part of the company’s growth strategy.
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1 http://bit.ly/MPSprinter
How much is your printer fleet * costing you?
The true cost of your paper trail Depending on your industry, producing documents can consume as much as 4 percent of your operating budget.
To free up these resources, you should get a handle on your printer fleet as well as how and what users print, copy, share and store.
Users comprise the largest portion of your print costs The true cost of printing actually comes from users interacting with different devices and documents.
End-user time and process document management
Hardware, supplies, infrastructure and support Source: All Associates Group, HP, 2017
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Managed Print Services allows HP to do a complete security audit and protect your corporation and customer’s data
HP is also introducing its next-genera- parts, and support. In combination with HP’s tion A3 MFP portfolio. These include large trained partners, customers have access to multifunction printers like the highly-trained experts who can proPageWide and LaserJet devicvide remote and onsite service. es, known for their speed, The new, more secure HP A3 flexibility, and high volume. MFPs enable customers to And while the copier segprotect their confidential ment is well established, and private information HP’s portfolio is bringing from cyber attacks. new innovations that will Smart Device Services differentiate HP’s offerings (SDS) will also enhance including cost savings, efficiency. SDS’ cloud reliability, serviceability, “With XaaS, companies can tool has device-based and analytics technololiterally customize the printing sensing capabilities that gies. In fact, A3 MFPs is channel partners can and technology services they an opportunity for HP integrate with their own need, as they need them.” to further their innovaservice management —Christoph Schell tions, enabling low costs tools. It dramatically enPresident Americas, HP for color and service, hances service efficiency along with increased security, shaping the and maximizes the uptime on customers’ HP office of the future. devices. By diagnosing problems and resolvHP offers support services across the ing them remotely, resellers can make fewer entire lifecycle of A3 MFPs, including in- service trips. stallation, availability of service
HP is also spearheading the 3D printer revolution. Ensuring the broad availability of 3D printing services to customers, HP is reinventing how users prototype and produce functional parts around the globe. HP’s Jet Fusion 3D printing solutions, Certified HP 3D printing reseller services, and vast Service Bureau network ensures 3D printing customers have access to the value-added services, (see page 13), that underpin this revolution. XaaS is the future, and HP is bringing its expertise and passion to the forefront. Now with its expanded portfolio of the world’s most secure A3 MFPs2, robust solutions, and innovative 3D printing, HP is reinventing XaaS offerings. 2 http://bit.ly/HPsecurity Tuan Tran is General Manager and Global Head of the Office Printing Solutions global business unit within HP’s Imaging, Printing and Solutions group—an organization enabling the best printing solutions for SMB, enterprise, and public sector customers.
Shane Plaxton is Director, Solutions Strategy and Product Marketing for HP. Focusing on definition and delivery of HP differentiated security, service, mobility, and workflow solutions enabled through partners for large and small businesses.
Manel Martinez is the General Manager of HP’s Worldwide Managed Print Services business focused on delivering new, innovative and industry leading services and solutions.
HP has introduced our next-generation A3 PageWide and LaserJet printer portfolio, all with Smart Device Services enabled.
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PARTNER CORNER
Partners and pioneers: HP’s new 3D Printing Channel Program Growing HP’s 3D printing ecosystem by T homas Jensen, VP, Head of Worldwide Channel Sales Strategy, HP; Alex Monino, Worldwide Marketing and Go-To-Market Director, HP 3D Printers, HP
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he more real commercial 3D printing gets, the more ways we can see it transforming the business landscape. 3D printing doesn’t just change the way you do things in enterprise business; it changes the whole way you look at things. It
challenges assumptions about how things are prototyped, manufactured, sourced, distributed, warehoused...pretty much everything. Why should the channel be any different? The opportunity and complexity of delivering transformational technology to customers
HP Jet Fusion products HP Jet Fusion 3D Processing Station with Fast Cooling HP Jet Fusion 3D Printer
HP Jet Fusion 3D Build Unit
in different industries poses unique challenges. It has required a fundamentally new approach to the channel relationship for HP and partners alike. There’s a lot of interest and excitement around HP’s technology in this space. We have partners reaching out, interested in being part of the 3D initiatives. Unlike other technology solutions, 3D initiatives are not sold through the IT department but instead through manufacturing and engineering decision makers. We believe 3D printing will be the catalyst for a fourth industrial revolution (see page 4). Because of the application for 3D printing in manufacturing, the buyer on the customer side is different. It’s a highly technical product and solution that can have a crucial impact on the success or failure of a company’s product and supply chain. Instead of working with procurement and IT departments, the Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 13
purchase will likely run through manufacSelected partners have previous 3-D DesignFusion, DMark and Hawk Ridge turing, operations and engineering depart- printing experience with applications engi- Systems. Outside North America, HP certified ments — operational, versus another 17 partners, bringing capital expenses — a very difthe total to 30 channel partners Global distributor and reseller network ferent environment where debringing Multi Jet Fusion to marHP Partner-First 3D Printing Specialization Program cisions around materials and ket around the world. Distributors supply chain can be mission None of these are traditioncritical. al IT resellers. Eighty percent N. America Technology makers and their of the partners for this phase channel partners have had an are new channel partners for ongoing conversation for years HP. Eventually, as HP scales the about solutions selling versus business and portfolio, there “moving boxes.” As technology will be a role for a wide array of Europe is more and more commodchannel partners including IT, itized, the value concentrates manufacturing and more. But in how a combination of hardright now, given the customers ware, software, and services we are targeting, it is a highly can be custom-fit to a particular consultative sale. business or industry. It requires We are on a mission, with 3D New Reference and Experience Centers a more consultative sale and printing, to change the world. To Over a dozen new centers opening across N. America/Europe deeper customer relationships. challenge assumptions, equip HP and partners will need to deour channel partners for the velop greater visibility into R&D, journey, and find the right goprototyping, understanding to-market strategy across evcustomer ecosystems, underery customer segment, over Europe standing how to support and time — c reating opportunity drive 3D printing technology across the global channel. as a competitive advantage for This innovation in our 3D United States customers. channel strategy is a great ex3D printing truly is a brave ample of the new HP in acnew world for HP channel parttion — after the separation from Market leading innovation ners — with partners at the front Hewlett-Packard Enterprise. Growing ecosystem of 3D printing service bureaus/design firms end of the business, working Bringing together the heart and more directly and strategicalenergy of a startup with the ly with customers than ever maturity and brain of a fortune before. It’s a shift from selling 100. The flexibility and energy IT solutions to business transof a startup, but leveraging a formation. We are setting up strong foundation of experience our early channel partners to and competence. execute with strength in highly specialized markets like manufacturing. neers focusing on applications and how to Thomas Jensen is Worldwide Head of Channel Sales Strategy at HP. Thomas Recently, HP kicked the 3D printing effort optimize design of the parts. They are not leads the development of the channel strategy and partner program that into high gear with the formal launch of a 3D traditional IT resellers—though as we scale cover 87% of HP’s revenue. Multi Jet Fusion Channel Program. Thirteen the business and our product portfolio, we’ll @tjensen1973 carefully selected North American partners have a role for the traditional IT channel. For with deep expertise in 3D will be able both now, it’s a highly consultative sales. Alex Monino is Worldwide Marketing to sell the new printers and to earn commisThe 13 pioneering partners for North and Go-To-Market Director, 3D Printing, sion on material sales and service, which are America are Solid Fabrications, EMS, HP. He is accountable for all product strategy and defines and deploys all 3D mapped to whoever sold the printer. This is MasterGraphics, Impac Systems Engineering, printing route to market and channel programs. a significant opportunity for partners and a NovaCopy, NovaStor Solutions, SaraTech, @alex_monino critical differentiator for HP. Symmetry Solutions, TPM, Weatherford, 14 Innovation Journal · Issue 7 · Summer 2017
REINVENTING GO-TO-MARKET
3D printing is revving up auto manufacturing by Christoph Schell, President, Americas, HP
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elf-driving cars are set to transform the automotive industry. But major changes are already taking place in automotive manufacturing thanks to 3D printing. Additive manufacturing (AM) is paving the way for new car designs, lower costs, and shorter production times. In a scenario offered by 3DPrint.com, using 3D printing, consumers would be able to order a car online, which could be designed to their own specifications, and have it shipped in less than two days. While the industry isn’t ready yet to offer on-demand cars, it is already showcasing next-generation models based on AM. Notable among them is a functional 3D-printed model of the class Shelby Cobra sports car, made up of 20 percent carbon fiber and 80 percent thermoplastic resin. Printed at the Department of Energy’s Manufacturing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, an estimated 75 percent of the vehicle’s parts are produced by AM. Additive manufacturing offers a promise of a range of new vehicles for public transport as well. Last year, Arizona automaker Local Motor debuted Olli, a crowdsourced primarily 3D-printed, self-driving electric shuttle bus outside Washington, D.C.. This year, Deutsche Bahn, the German railway company plans to begin testing Olli under a pilot project in Berlin. The Shelby Cobra and Olli provide a glimpse into what’s coming down the road in 3D printed car and vehicle fleet design. However, there are several current applications for 3D printing in the automotive industry today. In its recent report on “Additive Manufacturing Opportunities in Automotive — 2016,” SmarTech Publishing
using 3D printing to produce the metal water pump wheel of its DTM race car, which replaces a previously plastic part. The German car manufacturer is also using the technology to produce spare parts and in turn, disrupt the supply chain. The current method of dealers ordering parts from a central location is costly and time consuming. Besides benefiting the customer, the process is eliminating the over production of certain parts.
Continuous parts improvement estimates the 3D printing automotive market will reach $2.3 billion in 2021 from its current $600 million.
Rapid prototyping For some years now, rapid prototyping has been helping automotive manufacturers to cut down lead times for designing new cars or updating current models. The use of 3D manufacturing means auto manufacturers can test a variety of prototypes before production. Ford Motor Company says that prototype parts can be built in days or hours, versus months, at far less cost than using traditional methods since 3D printing eliminates the need for tooling and molds.
Parts production The use of metal as a printing material is still in its early stages. Audi, as one example, is
The use of 3D printing in the automotive industry doesn’t begin and end with the printed part. As manufacturers embed tracing marks and sensors into the product, they will be able to track every step of a product lifecycle from initial 3D object scan to design through production, quality measurement, delivery, and real-world use. Using in-lifecycle information, manufacturers can improve the design and fabrication of future parts. The use of 3D printing for automotive manufacturing is leading to new levels of innovation. With its potential for customization and convenience, 3D printing will put consumers in the driver’s seat.
Christoph Schell is President of the Americas Region for HP. In this role, Christoph is responsible for the go-tomarket strategy and overall financial performance of the Americas business products and services across all markets.
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SUSTAINABILITY
Innovating a better way to print, publish and produce HP reinvents technologies to lower the impact of printing by N ate Hurst, Chief Sustainability and Social Impact Officer, HP; John Ortiz, Director of Product Stewardship, HP
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ver the centuries, mankind has used the printed word as a way to exchange ideas, share histories, keep records, and entertain others. As the world became more digital, many assumed that printing would become essentially obsolete. The truth is that printing remains as important today as it was decades ago. In fact, businesses and consumers print trillions of pages each year. In the U.S. alone, a typical office worker prints 10,000 pages per year.* What has changed is the way people think about printing and the potential impact their actions may have on the environment. At HP, we’ve been working to reduce the amount of materials used to make our printers and phase out substances of concern in those products. We’ve also developed HP EcoFFICIENT Paper, which is 25 percent thinner than typical office paper. This means fewer trees needed to create this paper and an environmental impact that is at least 30 percent lower compared with industry-standard office paper in the U.S. This effort supports our goal of achieving zero deforestation, in which all HP brand paper and paper-based product packaging* will be derived from certified and recycled sources by 2020. And we continue to innovate with solutions such as HP Managed Print Services, which helps customers optimize, manage, and improve their printer fleets and digital workflows by combining hardware, supplies, software, and services. This service can help organizations
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HP digital printing solutions enable organizations to lower costs, time, and waste by printing materials as they are needed where they are needed. They also reduce the environmental impact of printing by lowering energy consumption, minimizing emissions, and meeting stringent environmental standards for the inks that are used.
reduce printing-related energy usage by up to 40 percent, decrease imaging and printing costs by up to 30 percent, and lower paper waste by 25 percent or more.*
Digitizing supply chains and production To achieve the quantum improvements in environmental performance we all want, we must reinvent the very nature of printing. One way HP is doing this is by developing commercial print solutions that help organizations shift from analog to digital printing. These solutions, which are already in use around the world, enable on-demand, customized printing of materials, including marketing collateral, labels, signage, and packaging, that helps
companies create more tailored materials with less waste. For example, companies like Coca-Cola, Emerald, and Nestle have used HP Indigo digital presses to create highly-customized and personalized packaging for their products — delivering unique content targeted to specific audiences in an efficient and cost-effective way. But HP’s commercial printing solutions are about more than just customization — they also help companies reduce the environmental impact of printing. For example, with HP PageWide Web Presses there are no plates or shells to produce, store, nor dispose of after a print job is completed. Also, digital printing doesn’t create “make ready” waste at the start of production, like traditional analog technologies. And HP PageWide
Web Presses use water-based ink technology and specially engineered bonding agents that do not require hazard labels — helping create a better work environment than in many analog printing workplaces. By enabling companies to print materials where and when they need them, digital printing also eliminates storage, packaging, and shipping costs, and lowers greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to transporting materials.
whole supply chains and production via 3D printing technology. While 3D printing has been around for decades, it has mostly been limited to prototyping and tooling. Today, technology, such as HP Multi Jet Fusion 3D printing technology is helping accelerate full-scale manufacturing and just-in-
By helping companies better match supply with demand, 3D printing also eliminates the overprovisioning of materials, parts, and finished products. Companies can now create virtual inventories in which products are made as needed, rather than physically stored for later use — or worse, never used at all. Similar to what digital printing has done to eliminate make-ready waste, inventory, and material use in two dimensions, we also expect 3D printing to transform manufacturing. Changing the And since companies can now transmit digital files for publishing business production locally rather than One of the key industries beshipping physical goods, 3D ing transformed by digital printing can also reduce emisprinting is the book publishing sions related to distribution. business. According to a study published Traditional printing proin the Energy Policy journal, cesses usually require very 3D printing is transforming whole industries by helping organizations reduce the amount of by shifting to more localized large production runs to materials needed to make a finished product, shift from physical to digital inventories, and supply chains, 3D printing localize production rather than shipping finished goods long distances. (3D printing design be economically feasible. courtesy of Invent Medical) could reduce as much as 525.5 Unfortunately, publishers ofmillion metric tons of CO2e tentimes overestimate demand. In fact, ac- time production across all industries. And the emissions by 2025, the equivalent of taking cording to The Economist, about 30 percent of technology is doing it in a more efficient, eco- more than 110 million passenger vehicles off books in America are returned to the publisher nomical, and environmentally-conscious way. the road for a year. unread. Shifting to a digital printing methodolo3D printing can reduce the amount of mateThe need and desire for printed materials gy can help publishers reduce waste and costs. rials, time, and costs needed to make a finished is not vanishing in our tech-driven world, but Courier Corporation, a full-service book part by realizing complex shapes or redesigning technology is changing how the world prints. manufacturing and specialty book publish- complex assemblies into a single part. HP itself Through more sustainable product innovations, ing company, is a good example. One of its uses 3D printing in the design and manufacture lower carbon- and energy-intensive business subsidiaries, Dover Publications, specializes of parts for the HP Multi Jet Fusion system. models, and by fundamentally transforming in reissuing books that are no longer in print According to a Deloitte University Press supply chains and entire industries, HP is reinby their original publishers. Dover has a spe- report, BMW, an HP Multi Jet Fusion customer, venting printing for a better world. cialized book list that covers a wide variety of has reduced tooling costs by 58 percent and subjects, including literature, history, sciences, project time by 92 percent. A BSR case study *Additional substantiation details available at: and even sheet music, with variable print sizes on aerospace manufacturing indicates that 3D www.hp.com/go/journal_footnotes and run lengths. printing can lower raw materials waste up to Nate Hurst is the Chief Sustainability By shifting to digital on-demand printing, 40 percent. And Nike has reported that using and Social Impact Officer at HP. He has the publisher has been able to cut inventory additive manufacturing to make certain shoe 20 years of professional experience in environmental sustainability and by 28 percent, reduce warehouse space by 19 models has reduced waste by 80 percent. social innovation working in the private, public, and non-profit sectors. percent, and bring 1,100 titles back into print Additive manufacturing can also lower the @nathanehurst through on-demand processes. environmental impact of design and manufacturing. According to Siemens, which uses 3D John Ortiz is Director of Product Reinventing the future printing to create industrial gas turbines, the Stewardship at HP. His organization company has reduced GHG emissions by 30 drives environmental design of HP hardware products, printing supplies, HP has continued to look for ways to transform percent and resources used throughout the and paper to minimize their impact throughout the product lifecycle. how whole industries design, make, and dis- production process by 63 percent. @johnort87 tribute products — now focusing on digitizing Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 17
HR INNOVATION
HP Affinity Groups HP’s novel human resources model for the 21st century cyber physical age by C handrakant D. Patel, HP Chief Engineer and Senior Fellow, HP; Kristy Feldkamp, Global Head of Human Resources, Future Technology & Innovation, HP
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P is one of the most multi-disciplinary printers — and apply data science to deliver companies in the world. Years ago, value to our customers. our engineers, transfixed by the This multi-disciplinary technical comboiling phenomenon of water — bubble munity has uniquely positioned HP for the formation, bubble departure, and vigor- 21st century cyber-physical solutions that ous boiling — tamed the bubble to create combine information sciences and physical the ubiquitous HP Inkjet. The same pas- sciences to address socio-economic and ecosion for fundamentals runs in the veins of logical megatrends-driven challenges. These today’s innovators across all disciplines at HP. As in the past, User experience our ink chemists are steeped in fundaMachine generated data, machine mentals and spend learning algorithms, controls years developing intellectual property Firmware in ink formulation. These formulations Micro-technologies, materials, have led to printchips, circuits, thermal ers that print docmanagement reliability uments and print Art on rigid surfaces as 3D Jet Fusion Printing (Drawing by Chandrakant Patel) well. Indeed, HP’s 2D printers will not only continue to print doc- solutions, from experiences that improve uments but will also change our built envi- quality of life at home with HP’s computing ronment — from wall and floor coverings to devices, to the “art to part” technical pipeline furniture. Furthermore, the engineers at HP, in HP’s Jet Fusion 3D printers, have to be built by applying the fundamentals of mechanics using multiple disciplines and technologies. of solids, fluids and heat, have devised mod- Therefore, HP has applied even more emular inkjet writing systems that can have phasis on developing the depth and breadth meter-scale dimensions and are applied in of our technical talent and ensuring that the various length scales in 2D and 3D printing. brightest minds tackle the most complex Not to be outdone, the HP engineers in com- business challenges across the company. In puting and information sciences have con- order to do this, one can’t be bound by organected millions of our devices — laptops to nizational constructs. Therefore, one of the
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tenets of HP’s talent strategy is promoting a growth mindset, where employees are continuously learning and they consider the corporation as their classroom. Because HP enjoys a deep bench of technical expertise, the employees themselves are the faculty. Chief Engineer Patel leads by example and is also the Chief Professor. He has driven the creation of affinity groups in salient technical topics with the intent to learn, teach, guide and strengthen the company’s key technical capabilities. The journey began by mapping HP’s worldwide technical community into capabilities in chips, Part printed circuits, materials, thermal management, data management, machine learning, security, user experience, etc. Exhaustive mapping was conducted for the range of HP’s evolving business needs given the company’s current and future portfolio. Next, starting at the grass roots level, through novel techniques in informal self-organization, the HP worldwide affinity groups in these technical capabilities were formed. For brevity, the list of all the affinity groups are not shown by name.
The affinity groups began operating with the following mission statement: • Learn, teach and guide • Come together to solve vexing engineering challenges
platforms such as Brain Candy, HP’s online learning tool.
A platform for the technical career path at HP
These affinity groups are guided by HP’s Technical Career Path provides an oppor“Jugaad”, a Hindi term that represents in- tunity for technical contributors to advance in novation using novel approaches and a Idea-to-value: a holistic perspective can-do attitude that Idea overcomes resource End-to-end perspective constraints. The benefit of these affinity Multi-disciplinary groups can be seen in the example sketch representing HP 3D Advanced Jet Fusion printing. development, engineering The 3D print solution and industrialization takes a holistic “art to part” perspective. This type of end-toFlex, adapt, iterate end systemic innovation requires a range of technical capabilities in foundational physical job levels and responsibilities. The path, which fundamentals, sensing, machine learning, and runs parallel to the management career path, security to user experience that can be availed includes various job levels of increasing scope from the stack of affinity groups. and complexity, and runs as high as Senior The affinity groups cut through business Fellow. Indeed, the levels are akin to those in unit silos and enable better human capital many companies similar to HP. utilization across the company. For example, a The growth and progression for an emcontributor working on a topic such as printed ployee along the Technical Career Path is a circuit board design, thermal management or function of their technical depth, technical data science in one business unit can also apply breadth, business impact, leadership and intheir talent in other business unit challenges. fluence. One way an employee demonstrates Additionally, the technical community partic- their business impact is by taking an idea to ipates in conferences, workshops, seminars, value. As an example, a technical contributor and shares best practices. This collaboration comes up with an idea in light of the trends, has resulted in everything from design-related takes a end-to-end perspective from idea to savings in printed circuits hardware to sharing scale at the inception, relentlessly pursues big data analysis infrastructure and capital in- the idea by making the business and techtensive measurement tools. This also allows nical case, conducts research and develops employees to gain critical developmental ex- the product or solution, and drives business periences, sometimes outside their regular impact by scaling the product or solution in roles, broadening their capabilities and setting the HP customer base. As today’s innovathe stage for their next career move. tions are multi-disciplinary, and systemic, the Finally, “faculty” stemming from the affinity idea-to-value journey requires contributions in groups are used to teach courses. In partner- multiple fundamentals and technologies, e.g., ship with Talent and Learning, we are beginning thermo-fluidics, nano and micro-scale techto add content in learning and development nologies, chips, interconnect, power, thermal management, firmware, data aggregation, and
data science for insights and action. Above all, security is a must from end to end. The affinity groups provide a key role in this equation for technical employees who are seeking to build their experiences and advance their careers because they can: • S eek multi-disciplinary partnership from the range of affinity groups
Value
• D emonstrate HP wide leadership by strategically influencing the communities and HP’s executive leadership (e.g., direction setting and contributions in machine learning helps entire company)
An exciting course ahead The HP affinity groups are grown informally at the grass roots level, encouraged by the executive leadership, and stand out as an example of cooperation between Human Resources, Talent and Learning and the HP Technical Community. This agile and customizable approach to learning, rooted in solving complex business problems, provides HP a path forward at the pace of technology’s disruption. It also creates a rich environment for learning and growing, so those early engineers transfixed by the boiling phenomenon of water, can become the innovators of tomorrow who find the next invention hidden amongst the intersection of many disciplines. Chandrakant D. Patel is a distinguished Senior Fellow and Chief Engineer at HP. In 2014, he was inducted into the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame. @joulespatel
Kristi Feldkamp is the Global Head of HR, Future Technology & Innovation. In this capacity, she leads human resources for HP’s $30B Personal Systems business and 3D Printing business unit, working with the leaders to accelerate HP’s innovation in these markets.
Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 19
INNOVATION SPOTLIGHT
3Decades of Inkjet Building on a history of innovation by K eith Moore, HP Fellow, Head of the Print Adjacencies and 3D Lab, HP Labs, HP
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hen I was at college in 1985, we had an HP 7475A plotter in the computer room. It was by far the coolest thing I had ever seen. Have you ever watched one? It’s like watching an artist draw right in front of
The HP 7475A plotter, circa 1985
you. To get it to draw, you had to write code. You could get color if you swapped pens. I still find plotters fascinating. When I interviewed at HP, I plotted my resume. My interviewing manager laughed when he saw it and said, “Now that must have taken hours.” (It did). “If you like plotters, you’ll love this.” He handed me a copy of the 1985 HP Journal article on the ThinkJet printer with the
The May 1985 issue of the HP Journal and the disposable ThinkJet printhead cartridge—easily replaceable and enough ink to print 500 pages of normal text
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simple statement that “this will change the world.” He was right.
From ThinkJet to PageWide Array The ThinkJet printer could print 120 characters per minute at a resolution of The HP T200 InkJet Press, (pictured above), is able to print 19 pages/second. 96x96 dots per inch. It couldn’t do color, it couldn’t do graphics. In fact, Record for speed. All of this is protected with it only had one font. “That will come,” he said. thousands of patents and inventors who have I was hooked. HP didn’t just see a future, it created extraordinary things. invented the future. As I look back, I realize that where we are It is truly incredible how much has changed. in 3D is exactly where we were in 2D nearly 30 Today, the HP T200 InkJet press is able to print years ago. at 19 pages per second and the Niagara T3500 Poster printer can print 32 x 48 inch posters in HP 3D printing builds 3–4 seconds. Many people are familiar with on 2D InkJet Moore’s law at Intel (no relation) where he observed and predicted that the number of tran- The HP 3D printer just won the 2017 Invention sistors per square inch on integrated circuits of the Year award. It is fun to watch, too. You had doubled every year since their invention. only see one layer at a time though, and each What we have seen is that the performance layer is printed in the blink of an eye. It is like of InkJet in drops per sec- seeing sheets of paper, each with an image, all ond has doubled every stacked together. Where the image is printed, ~18 months since the powder melts or fuses together causing a 1985. If you do the 3D object to be created layer by layer. math, this is going The original plotters and Inkjet printers had from ~6K drops per invention in advancing a sheet of paper (using second in 1985 to grit wheels), HP Jet Fusion printers have “powalmost ~10B drops der handling” inventions — the powder is spread per second today. so it looks like a blank sheet of paper and the O u r d e s k t o p print heads can then add the design of the next printers won the layer by placing very small drops of liquid onto Guinness World the powder bed.
We refer to the liquids as “functional agents” because they aren’t exactly ink. One is black (we call this a fusing agent) and another is clear (we call it a detailing agent), but their job isn’t really to color the part, but rather to change the thermal characteristics of the underlying powder. When energy is applied, the now black powder gets hot and melts, whereas the white powder stays cool. A part is built up by printing each layer, fusing, and then repeating. HP has exceptional speed because the drops can be placed down in parallel at 30 million drops per second.
It’s InkJet all over again In 1985, we could only print black text. Today, you can have an HP-printed 3D part in any
color — as long as it’s black. We know how to do more, but black covers a lot of parts. In addition, in 1985, there wasn’t JPG, and Cut and Paste was how you mixed text and graphics — using real scissors and glue. Today, we are also missing the languages to describe the parts we want to produce. In 1985, we were creating languages to describe a square, a circle, or a font. Today, we are describing how to create a hollow or textured sphere, or how to create a part with gradient strength (like a hair follicle).
From pixels to voxels Just like in 1985, we had to convert digital picture elements (pixels) into dots per inch and figure out color tables to give reflective color that matched expected color. In 3D, we have to convert designs intended for injected molded plastic into slices and those slices into volume elements (voxels). We’re working on matching color, but we still have to figure out what Gamut means for objects that aren’t quite smooth. How do we describe surfaces and textures?
From paper handling to powder handling The parallels are pretty amazing. In 1985, HP had to worry about how deep ink would penetrate into paper, whether we needed to have custom paper or could use “off the shelf” paper. We had to worry about whether the ink was dry before advancing a page. There are amazing parallels in 3D. In 3D, surface texture and part features are tied to the accuracy of placing a drop, the penetration rate of the drop, the size of the underlying plastic powder, the ability to control the fusing of the plastic powder, and numerous other parameters. In 1985, Microsoft Word and Excel didn’t exist yet. We were at the beginning of languages to describe circles, shading, and splines. There was lots of early work on fonts and treating edges of objects so they looked crisp. There was work on compression, color accuracy, and color perception.
Creating the new language for 3D parts
Our inventors have created extraordinary things—HP has thousands of patents
HP created the Printer Control Language to define how to control printers. In parallel, Adobe created Postscript. These were two different approaches to describing mixed text/graphics. We are there again with 3D. We can match the capability of analog tools where all the material is the
The HP Jet Fusion 3D Printing Solution
same — but we don’t yet have the language for describing digital parts. Parts that have texture, parts where a sphere is partially filled, and parts that have conductive traces. Almost all computer-aided design (CAD) tools talk about geometries but not about these digital/voxel material properties. Just as pixels in print allowed us to manipulate color, in 3D we can manipulate other things. We are working on technology that allows us to manipulate translucency, conductivity, surface finish, texture, and pliability — all at the voxel layer. Each voxel can be different. We now have parts that we can build, but can’t describe. There’s no CAD tool yet for describing a part that feels like leather or how to make a part the color of a snake.
New design tools will come Just like in 2D, it will be a few years until the design tools catch up to digital manufacturing, but the future is clear. Everything that can go digital will go digital. Just as LaserJet transformed the office printing market, InkJet transformed the home print, Indigo transformed the commercial print/photo market, voxels and Multi Jet Fusion will transform manufacturing. Thirty years from now we will look back to this time as the start of something big that is built one voxel at a time. 3D printing is three decades of InkJet. Keith Moore is an HP Fellow, and Head of the Print Adjacencies and 3D Lab, HP Labs, HP. His innovations have been shipped in almost every printer from consumer Inkjet, office LaserJet to large indigo digital presses.
Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 21
MAKER SPOTLIGHT
A new rewritable printing technology set to impact multiple industries by O mer Gila, Director of Research, Pa3DL, HP Labs, HP; Napoleon Leoni, Distinguished Technologist, Pa3DL, HP Labs, HP
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P Labs is piloting a new display technology that could impact a number of industries including finance, hospitality, healthcare, security, retail, and transportation. HP IonTouch is a secure, integrated system for placing and updating timely, personalized visual information onto digital displays embedded in plastic cards of the size of credit card. IonTouch removes the electronics from conventional electronic paper displays including the display backplane, battery, and processor. This enables a high resolution 2.5″ display on each card with a small incremental cost. The low-cost, energy-free display uses an external writer (known as an IonTouch imager). Images written remain permanent unless re-imaged by an IonTouch imager.
The 2.5″ 300 x 300 dpi resolution display with 16 level gray scale is large enough to show a clear photo, a QR code, and text information all together at the same time. A barcode on the back of the card uniquely identifies each card, allowing the imaging device to retrieve any new information from the cloud to be written on the card. Alternative technologies to identify the cards could be readily integrated with the IonTouch system including magnetic stripes, contact or contact-less smart card chips, etc. The imager erases the card’s current display before printing the new information onto its electronic paper via a floating, non-contact print head in much the same way an HP Inkjet head prints ink onto conventional paper — but without the ink. The entire process takes only a few seconds. The image can be rewritten more than 10,000 times. The cards are made to be flexible, durable, water-washable, and impact resistant. Crucially, the cards also cost little to produce. Where competing solutions with a comparable electronic screen size cost more than $100 per card to manufacture, HP IonTouch cards are projected to cost less than a couple of dollars to make. Potential uses include gift cards that display personalized messages, security badges that are reauthorized daily, smarter hotel door keys, medical cards, public transport passes, and loyalty cards that update their value and HP IonTouch enables a new type of smart cards. Low-cost, high quality, energy-free, secure, and reusable. include discounts or offers that are
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personalized for the user. The technology also has potential for other applications like signage, including low-cost, rewritable shelf tag labels. Making cards rewritable makes them reusable which is good for the environment as it eliminates millions of wasted cards every year. Since the only way to change information on the IonTouch cards is using the IonTouch imagers, this also adds another layer of protection, making the cards very secure. Being able to update or rotate security codes would boost the security of credit cards and enable reuse of gift cards, replacing the scratchable or permanent security codes in use today. The HP IonTouch pilot, currently underway, deploys an advanced automated digital badge entry system at HP’s own Palo Alto headquarters. This pilot will give the IonTouch concept important visibility and valuable feedback on the business and the technology aspects. IonTouch is in incubation mode at HP and thus in early release/pilots.
Omer Gila is director of research at HP. He joined HP Labs in 2001 working on digital commercial printing technology. Omer has more than 70 issued patents.
Napoleon Leoni is a distinguished technologist at HP Labs. He joined HP Labs in 2003 working on digital commercial printing technology. Napoleon has more than 30 issued patents.
SPECIAL REPORT
A race to a brighter energy future HP teams with Shell to celebrate young innovators the region the competition is taking place in. Teams traveled a fixed number of laps around the circuit at a set speed, with the number of laps and distance varying slightly by region. At the Americas competition for example, teams drove 10 laps of a 0.6-mile circuit for a total of six miles (almost 10 kilometers). Winners from Asia, the Americas, and Europe regions then competed in the Drivers’ World Championship in London at the end of May. St. Thomas Academy’s team from the U.S. persevered to be awarded the honor of the quickest and most energy-efficient driver in the world.
4,530 students from around the world competed in the 2017 Shell Eco-marathon
S
tudents from around the globe recently competed in the 2017 Shell Ecomarathon. The Shell Eco-marathon is a unique competition that challenges students to design, build, and drive the most energy-efficient car. These students were on three different tracks, and represented 53 countries. A total of 4,530 students across the three events — 1,000 Asia, 1,230 in the Americas, and 2,300 in Europe — and a total of 403 teams competed. The Shell Eco-marathon competition traces its roots back to 1939 when Shell Oil Company employees in the USA made a friendly wager on who could travel the farthest on one gallon of gasoline. In 1985, the first formal Shell Eco-marathon competition was held in Europe and since then, it has expanded to two more continents, includes many energy types, and sparks passionate debate around the future of automotive energy efficiency and mobility.
Diversity, perseverance and passion
Student teams competed in one of This year’s competition saw a growing numtwo vehicle classes: Prototype — futuris- ber of female participants and team leaders. tic and highly aerodynamic vehicles — or In the Americas region alone, 53 female drivUrbanConcept — more practically-designed ers competed in the Americas event and there vehicles that resemble today’s cars. The were 16 female team managers. Notably, competition occurred over several days during w h i c h tea m s made as many attempts as possible to travel the farthest on the equivalent of one liter of fuel. Fuel efficiency measurements take into account liters or gallons depending on the relevant measure for St. Thomas Academy’s Experimental Vehicle Team (EVT) won the Drivers World Championship Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 23
Make the Future festival fea
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aturing Shell Eco-marathon
Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 25
Chandrakant Patel and Mei Jiang from HP discussing the future of innovation
30% of the University of Michigan Ann Arbor team was comprised of females including key leadership positions. Teams were also rewarded for off-track work with prizes for communications, design, technical innovation, safety, and perseverance. And perseverance went well beyond the task at hand with teams using crowdfunding to pay for their trips, going to extremes to get to regional venues and overcoming various travel difficulties. The passion and pride the Shell Eco-marathon students display around these events is amazing.
low-carbon future as part of the Make the Future festival. In the Americas region, HP Chief Engineer Chandrakant Patel and HP Innovation Journal Editor-In-Chief Mei Jiang joined Shell EcoMarathon organizers, Pam Rosen and Norman Koch, on a panel to discuss the impact events like this have on future innovation.
A festival of innovation This year’s Shell Eco-marathon was a featured element of the Make the Future festivals of ideas and innovation. These festivals were held in the host cities of Singapore, Detroit, and London. Festival goers were immersed in bright energy ideas inspiring cur- A growing number of female participants competed in this year’s event rent and future energy solutions, free virtual reality experiences, and hands-on “It’s amazing to see what these kids are science experiments. doing. They are taking a portfolio of energy HP was the official Global Information sources and a small amount of fuel on the Technology Partner for the Shell Eco- supply side, and then on the demand side marathon, providing IT infrastructure to the they look at things like how do you reduce the event and showcasing the technology of a fairing to lessen wind resistance. Taking the
Festival attendees were immersed in hands-on science experiments
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Festival attendees cheer on drivers
fundamentals of what they know, then learn by building it, and finally push the limits to see how far they can go,” shared Patel. “This is a perfect example of excellence in integrated supply demand management that these students have exhibited.” HP also offered Make the Future festival attendees hands-on experiences with HP products — including the HP Mobility Experience-Traveling Habitat — where attendees could move through vignettes and interact with HP Elite and Sprout by HP products. Race team members could also stop by the Student Pit Stop to have their team photos printed out on HP DesignJet large format printers. “The Make the Future festival and Shell Eco-marathon enable us to bring the creators of tomorrow and communities together in support of a brighter energy future,” shared Pam Rosen, General Manager. “It’s through great partnerships and collaborations like we share with HP, that these events are possible. By working and innovating together we can help to transform lives and bring more and cleaner energy to communities across the world,” added Rosen.
Team photos printed out on HP DesignJet large format printers
TECHNOLOGIES FOR EVERYONE
Security for everyone by J im Mann, HP Distinguished Technologist, Office of the Chief Engineer, HP
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he digital revolution and hyper-connec- leadership in industry consortia and standards short videos entitled Security for Everyone. The tivity which has taken shape over the last bodies, and our market-leading innovations series takes a holistic view across the breadth several decades has resulted in tremen- such as HP SureStart. This has resulted in new of security topics, with each video being just a dous benefits for those fortunate enough to be marketing statements such few minutes in length to able to participate. However, there are people as “World’s Most Secure introduce a new security who actively seek to take advantage of vulnera- Printers”, and “World’s Most topic. This is part of HP’s bilities in the systems built with this technology. Secure and Manageable broader Technologies for of breaches They do this for reasons including personal gain, PC’s”, as well as new brand Everyone series, the misstart at the promotion of ideology, espionage, geopolitical campaigns including “HP sion of which is to make endpoint influence, or sometimes just for fun. The actions Secure” and The Wolf vidfundamental technologies of these bad actors have consequences ranging eo series. readily accessible to everyfrom minor inconvenience to devastating perBecause security is one at HP. sonal impacts and even personal injury. such a key element of our New videos will be All of us have likely been impacted by a promise to customers, and rolled out over time covcybersecurity event, so we understand the the impacts can be so severe, we continually ering terminology, principles, and of course pain our customers feel when they are im- strive to push the envelope in delivering the best technology, from authentication to “zero day”. pacted. During 2016, Symantec reported security technology (the what), with a process The videos are designed to be easily compre1,209 confirmed breaches which exposed methodology that ensures HP products and hensible for everyone and provide reference to more than one billion user identities. PWC re- services are developed securely (the how). This additional information for those who want to ported 32% of companies tandem of what and how explore a topic further. The fun world of crypdisclosed an incident of was succinctly captured tography, for example, will be one of the central cybercrime.1 According to by HP’s Chief Information technologies explored because of its broad imthe Ponemon Institute the Security Officer, Jack Clark, pact on many aspects of cybersecurity. We will identities stolen average cost of a breach is as “secure products, built even look at why the strange world of quantum in 2016 from roughly $9.5M. These are securely” and serves as a computing is poised to have a fundamental imalarming numbers, yet guiding principle for HP’s pact on cybersecurity in the future. they still underestimate product security strategy. We hope you will tune in and follow our jourthe total impact because To solidify HP’s position ney into this fascinating technology area, one breaches it is hard to put numbers into the future, we must which is critical to our customers and HP’s busito cybersecurity incidents have a culture of security ness. And along the way if you have requests for individual consumers. Importantly for HP throughout the company. Security is a team to cover a specific topic, please let me know. and our customers, it is estimated that 71% of sport which benefits by everyone — not just breaches2 start from an endpoint device, such security professionals — being knowledgeable To learn more about this video series or suggest ideas for as a PC or printer, putting our products at the and invested in the security of the products and specific topics to be covered, please contact Jim Mann at
[email protected]. forefront of protecting customers’ data. services we deliver to our customers. For many years, HP has been at the foreBut security is an expansive topic, uses front of endpoint device security, as demon- terminology which can be daunting to those Jim Mann is an HP Distinguished Technologist and Security Strategist strated both through active participation and new to the subject, and makes use of a broad in the Office of the Chief Engineer. He array of often complex technologies. To make works pan-HP on security technology, governance, and education, as well as this more accessible to the non-security pro1 Global Economic Crime Survey 2016 externally in industry consortia. fessional, our team is developing a series of 2 WW Security Spend Resource: Gartner
>1200
Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 27
MARKET WATCH
Strategically investing in the future of print Propelling new print opportunities forward through partnership
P
rinting technology advancesupporting their growth through the ments are revolutionizing inpartnership with HP. dustries, global markets and The HP Tech Ventures team rethe labor force like never before. In cently had the opportunity to parthe Industry 4.0 and the Future of ticipate in The Junction’s batch #16 Manufacturing article, (see page 4), ‘Demo Day’, an event attended by we discuss how 3D printing is disinvestors and corporate partners rupting the $12 trillion manufacduring which 5 graduates of the turing industry. Similar things can 6-month program presented their be said about 2D printing’s impact work and roadmap, including a startHP Tech Ventures team recently participated in The Junction’s batch #16 on textile, packaging, promotions, The up in the printing space. ‘Demo Day’ and even pharmaceutical industries. HP Tech Ventures team was also From wall coverings to street signs, to milk HP Tech Ventures is another example of fully integrated into the selection process for cartons that alert you to spoiled milk, to rocket HP’s open innovation mindset. Working with The Junction’s batch #17 group, to which over parts, even jawbones, nowadays almost any- early-stage startups, accelerators and incu- 200 startups applied. The HP team was inthing can be printed. Printing technology has bators enables HP to foster an ecosystem of volved in screening applicants, selecting finaladvanced so rapidly that practically anything innovation around the company’s strategic ists, and participating in The Junction Founders you can imagine will one day be able to be pillars of growth. Printing being one of those Camp event. This 2-day event featured the printed. Couple that with the need for faster key pillars. 20 finalist teams being reviewed for the 17th prototyping, increased customization, and a In the printing space, HP is looking at batch of the Junction program. They were insustainability desire to produce products closer potential partnerships across a broad array vited to a Kibbutz north of Tel Aviv where they to global customers, and you can easily see of printing and manufacturing applications. interacted with an esteemed group of advisors why these advances are occurring. From smart packaging to textile printing, to and corporate partners. The start-up compaAs a long-term leader in printing and services and security, through to 3D printing nies undergo intensive review through 1-on-1 manufacturing, innovation and rising to the applications and technologies, HP is thinking meetings and pitch sessions with the different needs of markets and customers is at the broadly about how new printing applications advisors. The HP Tech Ventures team was a heart of everything HP does. HP recognizes will transform today’s markets and industries. central part of the final decision committee, that to achieve true market disruption it can HP evaluates partnerships and investments in selecting 5 companies out of the 20 finalists easily take a village or two and an open inno- early-stage startups by looking at the startup to join the 6-month program. vation mindset. In the 3D printing space, HP company’s team, capabilities, product/market During the program term, the HP team has launched the HP Multi Jet Fusion Open fit, and strategic alignment with HP’s business. will provide close mentoring and monitor Platform to allow companies to collaborate New printing startup opportunities can each startup’s execution, working towards on material innovations and accelerate time come to HP in a variety of ways including joint projects, pilots and investment opporto market. This is a great example of having through accelerator and incubator partner- tunities together with The Junction and F2 an open innovation mindset. By recognizing ships. One such relationship HP has is with Capital team. that innovation can come from anywhere, seed stage program The Junction in Israel. The It’s through collaborations and partnerboth inside and outside a company, HP has Junction is owned and operated by F2 Capital, ships like these that HP will lead the transbroadened their opportunities and created a leading Venture Capital Fund dedicated to formation of industries and usher in the next innovation scale. investing in deep technology companies and wave of printing technologies that will disrupt markets and industries for years to come.
28 Innovation Journal · Issue 7 · Summer 2017
TEKTONIKA
3D printing crosses the threshold from innovation to application The potential of 3D printing slams into overdrive
Technology is a shifting landscape. To truly innovate, you need to know the terrain. Enter, Tektonika: HP’s new B2B content hub led by Shuchi Sarkar, Americas head of marketing for the HP printing business. Whether you’re looking for a fresh take on the hottest tech or searching for ways to lock down your IT environment from hackers, Tektonika is sure to provide a sharp perspective — with a smirk.
3
D printing has pioneered some thrilling breakthroughs, giving rise to some incredible innovations. 3D printers now generate parts and products more rapidly and with greater accuracy — as a result, the applications of 3D printing are proliferating.
Innovative printing shifts to turbo gear 3D printing has taken a major leap forward in terms of speed and control. With new 3D-printing techniques, 3D printers can render creations into physical form at the voxel — or 3D-pixel — level by simultaneously printing multiple points, applying more than 30 million drops per second across each inch of working area in the process. 3D printing has kicked into turbo gear, enabling faster prototyping and usability testing — the new generation of 3D printers can produce parts up to 10 times faster than their progenitors at half the cost. Along with this advancement comes greater control. A 3D printer can customize each individual voxel, so there’s an almost limitless range of designs that can be created. To spark the creative process involved with design, new 3D-printing software provides a more intuitive and powerful user experience while streamlining the production workflow.
BIO-PRINT
3D printing speeds toward unreal durability With granular control, manufacturers can print more durable parts. HP demonstrated the incredible strength of 3D-printed parts when they printed a chain link in less than 30 minutes and used it to hoist a car into the air. Rated to lift up to 10,000 pounds, this simple chain link was created by dispensing millions of drops of a chemical agent each second onto a powdery layer of thin material. With greater mastery over how 3D creations are designed and printed, products incorporating certain materials can be embedded with electronic sensors. Nearly any 3D-printed item could be augmented with tiny sensors that report its current load and stress levels — making it more intelligent and enabling it to share critical information with the manufacturer. Businesses could leverage these insights to guard their intellectual property, ensure product safety, or build in a feedback mechanism for continuous quality improvement. With this, 3D printing could create a new, sophisticated generation of connected devices.
The applications of 3D printing go far beyond parts manufacturing, reaching into sectors like health care. Some use cases under active development venture into the domain of science fiction. According to Mic, scientists at the University of Minnesota 3D printed sheets of bionic skin that can sense touch. This flexible material, which can stretch as far as three times its normal size, may one day be used on humans — perhaps burn victims or diabetes patients suffering from severe skin ulceration. 3D-printed skin incorporating sensors could also be applied to androids, as depicted by Lieutenant Commander Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Meanwhile, scientists in Madrid are working on a prototype of 3D-printed skin that incorporates a patient’s own cells, meaning their body wouldn’t reject it when used for grafts or transplants. This technology could apply to a range of commercial uses, including chemical testing, and even potentially end animal testing in the cosmetics industry. We’ve crossed the threshold into an innovative era of 3D printing. With powerful technological advancements, 3D printers can now design and create powerful, durable, and intelligent products. While we’re just beginning to understand the applications and their implications, one thing is clear: This technology holds great promise and could greatly enhance the way we work and live. For more stories featuring 3D printing, cutting-edge technologies, and innovative IT trends, head over to www.tektonikamag.com, the industry’s go-to hub for everything B2B-tech—powered by HP.
Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 29
COMMUNITY VOICE
Meet HP 3D printing materials talent What 3D innovation excites you the most?
Sterling Chaffins
Senior Scientist, 3D Printing Materials and Advanced Applications, HP
“Multi-Jet Fusion voxel control is incredibly exciting from a materials standpoint. Since our 3D printing technology can change the material properties drop by drop, we are able to create 3D parts that vary material properties within the part and are impossible to create any other way. It’s great to be a part of the HP team driving a technology to generate new materials for new applications with a path toward high volume manufacturing."
Carmina Querol Esparch 3D Materials Expert, R&D, HP
“3D Innovation is just starting. Coming from the traditional plastic industry, making new materials printable with MJF is very challenging. This makes it so intriguing and gratifying at the same time. There are daily experiences that put us on a progressing path in which more and more things are reachable. Making the unbelievable and discovering the unthinkable paths for digital manufacturing is a real excitement. Working with a team of numerous talents helps us move faster to the unreachable. It is an honor to be a part of HP 3D Printing to make a difference in the world." 30 Innovation Journal · Issue 7 · Summer 2017
Ali Emamjomeh
3D Materials Scientist, R&D, HP
“It is exciting to be part of a new manufacturing revolution, and a new business at HP. 3D printing enables new applications not possible by traditional methods. The creativity in our teams and our customers is very motivating and at the same time challenging for the next generation materials. I am impressed by the talent across different sites and the creativity to do the impossible, and proud to be contributing to the project."
Michele Friesen
Writing Systems Engineer, 3D Printing Open Materials Platform, HP
“Digital manufacturing reduces the barriers to entry into design, prototyping, and production. As 3D printing technologies permeate into the world beyond traditional manufacturing, the expansion of creativity will be enormous. Reductions in cycle time facilitate trying multiple ideas more quickly, and permit the designer to build ideas previously considered ‘off the wall’, enabling breakthroughs that may not have otherwise come about with traditional development, where the risk/reward trade-off can throttle ingenuity. 3D printing technologies are reducing limitations while unleashing imagination."
Women talent in 3D printing How do you think 3D printing will transform how we work, live and manufacture in the future?
Virginia Palacios
Director of Strategic Customer Engagement, HP 3D Printing CMD, HP
“It is always hard to predict the future, that’s why in HP we are working to invent it in 3D. 3D printing technology will enable us to do shorter runs or customization of products that will be more relevant for the customers with shapes and designs hard to imagine now. We will produce them with less material and nearer the demand , with a much smaller impact in carbon footprint. And once we design them for 3D we will be able to repair them much longer without inventories. We will be able to produce what exactly what we need, when and where we need it."
Jennifer Prioleau
Division Counsel, 3D Printing, Global Legal Affairs, HP
“3D printing will change the way we think: about designing, making, delivering, and consuming products as well as how we think about business models and laws that govern the 3D printing product ecosystem. For example, since 3D printing enables endless possibilities of amazing intricate product designs, it will spurn innovation that in the past has been unimaginable due to the constraints of conventional manufacturing and because 3D printing enables the democratization and customization of manufacturing, it will enable anyone, anywhere at any time to be a product designer or manufacturer!”
Lihua Zhao, PhD
Director and Principal Investigation, Print and 3D Lab, HP
“I believe that 3D printing is the platform to empower people to design, innovate, and transform the way to create/build things having the right performance as we desire, bringing the great value as we care, and using the perfect amount of materials as we need, without much limitation of time and places but with respect and responsibility of sustaining world resources.”
Aja Hartman
3D Printing Research Engineer, HP Labs, HP
“The design process will take on new dimensions at 6th gear speeds. Instead of global collaborators machining parts and sending their newest models by air, the design files will be sent to onsite 3d printers and finished within the hour. The speed of innovation limited only by wifi connections. Current manufacturers will supply customizable design files, enabling customers to adapt products to their unique needs. In laymen’s terms, no more pinchy shoes. The economics of small scale manufacturing runs will be reduced, lowering financial barriers to the production of novel products." Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 31
NEWS See how this web short, The Wolf, looks at the ease of hacking a printer
HP’s Spectre x2 gives the Surface Pro a run for its money
HP’s new cyber security campaign, The Wolf, is a web short that’s centered around data breaches that result from the ease of hacking a printer.
Last year, HP finally introduced its Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) 3D other additive manufacturing (AM) processes on the market.
Source: Forbes
Source: Paste
Learn more at http://bit.ly/ij-7_news1
Learn more at http://bit.ly/ij-7_news2
Six keys for 3D Printing to unlock the $12 trillion manufacturing market
3D Printing the next five years by Tim Weber, Global Head, 3D Printing HP
The world is going through a major economic and industrial transformation that impacts everything from Source: Forbes the cars we drive to the clothes Learn more at http://bit.ly/ij-7_news3 we wear to the education and jobs our children will have in the future. This change is what Klaus Schwab, the founder of the World Economic Forum, termed the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
To celebrate 5 years of reporting on the 3D printing industry, we’ve invited industry leaders and 3D printing experts to give us their perspective and predictions for the next 5 years and insight into trends in additive manufacturing.
Meet the HP Sprocket Portable Photo Printer
Bring your smartphone photos to life with a portable printer
Coachella: Where music, art and (sometimes eyebrow-raising) fashion collide in the middle of the desert, where the party circuit is Source: askmen almost as Learn more at http://bit.ly/ij-7_news5 important (or more important depending on who you ask) as the main event, and where selfies abound.
Review of portable printers and the HP Sprocket Portable Photo Printer.
32 Innovation Journal · Issue 7 · Summer 2017
Source: Time
Learn more at http://bit.ly/ij-7_news6
Tim Weber. Photo by Michael Petch
Source: 3D Printing Industry
Learn more at http://bit.ly/ij-7_news4
EMPLOYEE PROFILE
Scott Schiller, Global Head of Market Development, 3D Printing, HP Scott Schiller, joined HP’s printing organization in 2003 and has been helping customers grow and transform their businesses ever since. A University of Washington and Michael G. Foster School of Business graduate with a degree in IT and an MBA in Technology Entrepreneurship, Scott plays a pivotal role in accelerating the adoption of 3D printing across industries.
How has your previous experiences impacted how you are helping to lead HP’s 3D printing business?
What do you most look forward to being 3D printed in the future and why?
What hobbies in your personal life inspire your work in 3d printing?
Unfortunately, I can’t name any one thing because, in this job, I have been exposed to some of the most amazing, innovative companies in the world like Nike, Johnson & Johnson, BMW, Jabil to name just a few. Hearing and seeing some of the amazing ideas they have — the future just can’t get here fast enough for me. What does excite me is thinking about the innovative potential of the next generation. One day I was working on a presentation about our technology. I glanced over at my son who was playing Minecraft and was dumbfounded. This is one of the most popular games of all time, used by kids around the world, and it’s all about designing and building things in 3 dimensional spaces and applying properties and attributes to basic building blocks. This could be a description of what designing for Multi Jet Fusion is. To think we will soon have an entire generation of new designers that are native to this kind of thinking is super exciting.
My two main passions outside of work are running and playing guitar — I am already using 3D Printed insoles that are customized for my particular needs which were prepared by our partner companies RS Print and Materialise. They are amazing! I am really excited to see how 3D printing can help improve the performance of athletes across a variety of sports. For guitars, I had the great pleasure of getting to work with designer Olaf Diegel of Wohlers and Associates and Olaf specializes in 3D printing guitars — his work is absolutely amazing.
What piece of advice would you give 3D printing is my second startup in HP. In 2005 I others striving to disrupt markets and had the good fortune to start working on a busi- industries? ness concept investigation for large inkjet printing systems — the size of a bus! We had great business leaders as sponsors that believed in us, and we eventually formalized this into a new division which still operates today as our PageWide Web Press business. The same learnings we’ve experience from digitizing print manufacturing processes with PageWide Web Press apply to 3D printing. Our focus is still on improving business outcomes by d i g i t i z i n g manufacturing.
Focus on outcomes and problems to be solved rather than “how things are done today.” I like the analogy of “people want holes, not drill bits.” I also think it’s important to break things down to their most fundamental level and try to rebuild them up in a way that creates a real breakthrough rather than just incremental improvements.
In the next issue:
Collaboration In our rapidly-changing world, collaboration is the key to accelerated innovation and digital transformation for today’s businesses. Our next issue highlights how HP and our global partners are working together to solve customer challenges. From global product availability, to omni-channel-based tools and processes, to quick and easy order fulfillment and more, HP and our global partners are teaming up to help businesses excel in our fast-paced, digital world.
Where do you find inspiration? Our customers and partners and of course, my co-workers. I like to say “I’m like Ringo… I’m just happy to be here!” I get to work with the smartest people in the world and truly great leaders. Every day is inspiring.
Source: Olaf Diegel. Body of the guitar is 3D printed.
Issue 7 · Summer 2017 · Innovation Journal 33
©2017 HP Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. July 2017
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