Transcript
Instruction manual AIS BS610 AIS Base Station Automatic Identification System
Kongsberg AIS BS610 Automatic Identification System Instruction manual
B610-02/4.0 June 2015
©
Kongsberg Seatex AS
Document history Document number: B610-02 / Revision 4.0 Rev. 4.0 June 2015
Changes in connection with new software version.
Copyright ©Kongsberg Seatex AS All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or otherwise copied without prior permission from Kongsberg Seatex AS.
Note The information contained in this document remains the sole property of Kongsberg Seatex AS. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means, and the information contained within it is not to be communicated to a third party, without the prior written consent of Kongsberg Seatex AS. Kongsberg Seatex AS endeavours to ensure that all information in this document is correct and fairly stated, but does not accept liability for any errors or omissions.
Warning The equipment to which this manual applies must only be used for the purpose for which it was designed. Improper use or maintenance may cause damage to the equipment and/or injury to personnel. The user must be familiar with the contents of the appropriate manuals before attempting to operate or work on the equipment. Kongsberg Seatex disclaims any responsibility for damage or injury caused by improper installation, use or maintenance of the equipment.
Comments To assist us in making improvements to the product and to this manual, we welcome comments and constructive criticism. e-mail:
[email protected]
Kongsberg Seatex AS www.kongsberg.com
Instruction manual
Table of contents Glossary..................................................................................................................7 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
INTRODUCTION............................................................... 9 About the reader .....................................................................................................9 Notations used in this manual.................................................................................9 Product restrictions.................................................................................................9 1.3.1 1.3.2
Restrictions in guarantee ............................................................................ 9 Restrictions in use.................................................................................... 10
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Radio frequency license .......................................................................................10 Disposal ................................................................................................................10 Equipment handling.............................................................................................. 11 Support information.............................................................................................. 11
2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION................................................ 12 Purpose and applications ......................................................................................12 System components ..............................................................................................12 AIS Unit................................................................................................................13 GNSS antenna ......................................................................................................14 VHF antenna.........................................................................................................14 AIS system............................................................................................................15 GNSS systems ......................................................................................................16 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3
GPS - Global Positioning System.............................................................. 16 Differential GNSS (DGNSS) .................................................................... 17 SBAS system description ......................................................................... 19
2.8
VHF in AIS systems.............................................................................................21
3 3.1
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................ 23 Performance specifications ...................................................................................23 3.1.1
3.2
Weight and dimensions.........................................................................................23 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3
3.3
AIS Unit.................................................................................................. 23 GNSS antenna ......................................................................................... 23 VHF antenna ........................................................................................... 24
Power specifications .............................................................................................24 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3
3.4
AIS BS610 system ................................................................................... 23
AIS Unit.................................................................................................. 24 GNSS antenna ......................................................................................... 24 VHF antenna ........................................................................................... 24
Environmental specifications................................................................................24 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3
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AIS Unit.................................................................................................. 24 GNSS antenna ......................................................................................... 25 VHF antenna ........................................................................................... 25
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3.5
External interfaces ................................................................................................25 3.5.1
3.6
Product safety .......................................................................................................26 3.6.1
3.7
BIIT........................................................................................................ 30 SNMP ..................................................................................................... 30
INSTALLATION .............................................................. 31 Location of system parts.......................................................................................31 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6
4.2 4.3 4.4
Front interfaces AIS Unit.......................................................................... 27 Rear interfaces AIS Unit........................................................................... 27 Serial ports .............................................................................................. 28 Ethernet connection.................................................................................. 28
LED indicators AIS Unit ......................................................................................28 Internal alarm system ...........................................................................................30 3.12.1 3.12.2
4 4.1
AIS Unit.................................................................................................. 26
Data inputs............................................................................................................27 Interfaces AIS Unit...............................................................................................27 3.10.1 3.10.2 3.10.3 3.10.4
3.11 3.12
GNSS antenna ......................................................................................... 26 GNSS receiver......................................................................................... 26 VHF antenna ........................................................................................... 26 VHF receiver ........................................................................................... 26
Data outputs..........................................................................................................26 3.8.1
3.9 3.10
AIS Unit.................................................................................................. 26
Radio frequencies .................................................................................................26 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4
3.8
AIS Unit.................................................................................................. 25
Antenna location for AIS systems ............................................................. 31 GNSS antenna ......................................................................................... 32 GNSS antennas in hazardous locations ...................................................... 35 VHF antenna ........................................................................................... 35 AIS Unit.................................................................................................. 35 Power amplifier ....................................................................................... 35
AIS Unit installation.............................................................................................36 Power amplifier installation..................................................................................36 Antenna and cable installation..............................................................................37 4.4.1 4.4.2
GNSS antenna and cable installation ......................................................... 37 VHF antenna and cable installation ........................................................... 38
4.5
Electrical installation ............................................................................................39
5 5.1
CONFIGURATION........................................................... 41 Configuration methods .........................................................................................41 5.1.1 5.1.2
5.2
Message types.......................................................................................................45 5.2.1
4
Configuration with NMEA sentences ........................................................ 41 Configuration via WEB interface .............................................................. 42 VDL messages......................................................................................... 45
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5.3
NMEA sentences ..................................................................................................47 5.3.1
5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7
PI sentences............................................................................................. 47
Comment/tag block ..............................................................................................52 Differential corrections.........................................................................................53 Dependent and independent mode........................................................................53 Redundant Base Stations ......................................................................................54 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3
Base Station operation modes ................................................................... 54 Redundancy configuration ........................................................................ 55 Startup — Active or Hot standby .............................................................. 56
5.8
Output of GPS sentence on PI ..............................................................................56
6 6.1 6.2
GETTING STARTED ........................................................ 57 How to turn on the AIS Unit ................................................................................57 AIS Unit settings ..................................................................................................57 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6
Network settings ...................................................................................... 57 MMSI ..................................................................................................... 58 Unique identifier ...................................................................................... 58 Position source ........................................................................................ 58 Radio — VHF channels and power ........................................................... 58 Reporting rates ........................................................................................ 58
6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
Status information ................................................................................................59 Advanced configuration........................................................................................60 Channel management ...........................................................................................61 Radio traffic management.....................................................................................61
7 7.1
MAINTENANCE .............................................................. 62 Periodic maintenance............................................................................................62 7.1.1
7.2
Software updates ..................................................................................................63 7.2.1
7.3
Software update routine............................................................................ 63
Repairs and modifications ....................................................................................63 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4
7.4
Antenna care ........................................................................................... 62
Exchange of antenna cable........................................................................ 64 Exchange of antenna ................................................................................ 64 Repair of AIS Unit ................................................................................... 64 Installation of spare AIS Unit.................................................................... 65
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................65 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3
System status ........................................................................................... 65 No power ................................................................................................ 65 External output problems.......................................................................... 66
8 8.1
MECHANICAL DRAWINGS .............................................. 67 AIS Unit mechanical dimensions .........................................................................68
9 9.1
PARTS LIST ................................................................... 69 Standard components............................................................................................69
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9.2 9.3
Equipment 24 V DC option..................................................................................69 System accessories ...............................................................................................69
10
REFERENCES.................................................................. 71
A
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY .................................... 72
B
STATEMENT OF CONFORMITY ........................................ 73
C
COAX CONNECTOR INSTALLATION ................................ 75
D
½" COAX CABLE SPECIFICATIONS ................................ 80
E
RG–214 SPECIFICATIONS ............................................. 81
F F.1 F.2
ANTENNA SPECIFICATIONS........................................... 83 GNSS antenna mechanical dimensions and installation ......................................84 VHF antenna mechanical drawing and installation..............................................86
G
LIGHTNING ARRESTOR SPECIFICATIONS ...................... 88
H H.1 H.2 H.3
AIS UNIT 24 V DC OPTION ............................................ 90 General information..............................................................................................90 Pinning of the 24 V DC connector .......................................................................90 24 V DC source ....................................................................................................91
I
COMMISSIONING REPORT ............................................. 92
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Glossary Abbreviations AIS
Automatic Identification System
BIIT
Built-in integrity test
BS
Base station
BSC
Base station controller
CTS
Clear to send
DGPS
Differential GPS
ECDIS
Electronic chart display and information system
ECS
Electronic chart system
EGNOS
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System
EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility
FPGA
Field programmable gate array
GPS
Global positioning system
HWP
Hardware platform
IALA
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
IEC
International electrotechnical committee
IMO
International Maritime Organization
LED
Light emitting diode
LGND
Logic ground
LNA
Low noise signal amplifier
MIB
Management information base
MKD
Minimum keyboard display
NDS
Not detected serial port
NMEA
National marine electronics association. NMEA 0183 is a standard for interchange of information between navigation equipment.
PGND
Power ground
PI
Presentation interface
PPS
Pulse per second
PRN
Pseudorandom noise
PSS
Physical shore station
QA
Quality assurance
RDP
Remote desktop protocol
RTS
Request to send
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RTCM
Radio Technical Commission of Maritime Services
SA
Selective availability
SBAS
Satellite Based Augmentation System
SNMP
Simple network management protocol
SNR
Signal/noise ratio
SOTDMA
Self Organised TDMA
SPS
Standard positioning service
SRRD
Seatex Rescue and Restore Disk
SW
Software
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
UI
User interface
UTM
Universal transverse mercator
VDL
VHF data link
VHF
Very high frequency
WAAS
Wide area augmentation system
WEEE
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
WGS84
World Geodetic System of 1984
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Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 About the reader This instruction manual is intended as a reference manual for the personnel installing, configuring and operating the system and it contains the necessary information in order to install, configure and operate the AIS system.
1.2 Notations used in this manual The following notations are used in this manual: Bold text is used for all menu names. A series of menu selections is indicated by File→ New
Italics is used for manual names and for information that needs your attention. Note
A note is used to draw attention to special features or behaviour of the equipment. Caution Caution is used to make the user aware of procedures and operational practice which, if not followed, may result in degraded performance or damage to the equipment.
1.3 Product restrictions 1.3.1 Restrictions in guarantee Changes or modifications to the product not explicitly approved by Kongsberg Seatex AS will void the guarantee.
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The liability of Kongsberg Seatex AS is limited to repair of this system only under the given terms and conditions stated in the sales documents. Consequential damages such as customer's loss of profit or damage to other systems traceable back to this system's malfunctions, are excluded. The warranty does not cover malfunctions of the system resulting from the following conditions: • Over-voltage or incorrect power connection. • Shorting of GNSS antenna cable during operation of the systems.
1.3.2 Restrictions in use The AIS is a communication system that relies on VHF and GPS. The antennas shall be connected according to the instructions. Without proper VHF antenna and antenna cable, the sensitivity and hence the range, will be degraded. The GNSS receiver requires free sight from the antenna to the sky, minimum four visible satellites and otherwise normal conditions to operate.
1.4 Radio frequency license This product contains a radio-transmitting device and a national license for the use of frequencies is required for operation. Use in national waters will require a frequency license issued by the relevant national authorities. The owner and user of the equipment are responsible for obtaining such a license prior to switching the product ON. It may be required to switch the product OFF when the product is brought close to shore (closer than 12 NM).
1.5 Disposal All electrical and electronic components have to be disposed of separately from the municipal waste stream via designated collection facilities appointed by the government or local authorities. The correct disposal and separate collection of your old appliance will help prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and human health. It is a precondition for reuse and recycling of used electrical and electronic equipment. For more detailed information about disposal of your old appliance, please contact your local authorities or waste disposal service. The equipment may be returned to Kongsberg Seatex AS if there is no local WEEE collection. The equipment is marked with this pictogram.
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Introduction
1.6 Equipment handling Observe the following when handling the equipment: • All units must be handled with care. • The case containing the unit must be kept dry at all times and must be sheltered from the weather. • It must not be subjected to shocks, excessive vibration or other rough handling. • The equipment must be preserved and stored in such a way that it does not constitute any danger to health, environment or personal injury. • The unit must, whenever possible, be stored and transported in its original transportation box. • The transportation box must not be used for any purpose for which it was not intended. • The storage area's mean temperature must not be lower than – 20 ºC and not warmer than + 70 ºC. • Once unpacked, the equipment must be kept in a dry, non-condensing atmosphere, free from corrosive agents and isolated from sources of vibration.
1.7 Support information • Company name: Kongsberg Seatex AS • Address: Havnegata 9, 7010 Trondheim, Norway • Switchboard: +47 73 54 55 00 • Telefax: +47 73 51 50 20 • Duty phone: +47 33 03 24 07 (24 hours) • E-mail address:
[email protected] • Website: http://www.km.kongsberg.com/seatex
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2 Product description
This chapter describes the AIS system and gives an overview of AIS and GPS related information. The AIS BS610 system can also be ordered as a 24 V DC option. See detailed information on this version in AIS Unit 24 V DC option on page 90.
2.1 Purpose and applications This AIS system is a part of the fourth generation AIS equipment from Kongsberg Seatex AS. The AIS Unit is designed, tested and approved in accordance with all relevant international standards including: IEC 62320-1, relevant parts of IEC 62320-2 and ITU.M-1371-4 . The AIS Unit receives and communicates AIS data from all AIS sources (AIS Mobile stations, AIS Base Stations, AIS Aids to Navigation units, Search and Rescue units etc.) within the VHF coverage area. The AIS Unit can operate as standalone or cooperate in a network, enabling a cost efficient coastal surveillance system. The AIS Unit is a high-end AIS system with outstanding receiver sensitivity better than -115 dBm on all three TDMA receivers.
2.2 System components This system will normally comprise the following main components, which are physically separated: • AIS Unit • GNSS antenna • VHF antenna In addition, the following items are needed: • Antenna cable for GNSS antenna and VHF antenna • Power cable, EU or US standard
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2.3 AIS Unit The unit is designed to fit standard 19-inch racks. The unit comprises the following main parts: • AIS module • Power supply The power on/off switch and the USB connection are located under the lid on the left part of the front panel.
VHF, GPS connectors, redundancy and console RS-232 serial connectors are located at the rear together with LAN and power.
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2.4 GNSS antenna The GNSS antenna has a right-hand circular polarisation (RHCP) and a built-in high gain, low noise amplifier. It has a full hemispherical coverage due to quadrifilar helix antenna element. It is delivered with an installation kit with U-bolts. The connector is FME-female (pin) (N-female pigtail when delivered by Kongsberg Seatex AS).
A
GNSS antenna
B
Extension pipe
C
Mounting bracket
D
U-bolts
E
Interconnection cables
2.5 VHF antenna AV7 is a high quality dipole antenna designed for the marine VHF radio telephone service. It is a high quality antenna with a durable construction. It has a vertical polarization and omni-directional radiation pattern. U-bolts in stainless steel are included.
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2.6 AIS system In accordance with IMO requirements all SOLAS ships in international traffic above 300GT shall carry an AIS mobile station. A major task for competent authorities such as coastal and harbour authorities, police, customs, military, search and rescue centres and other, is to monitor ship traffic within their territorial waters. Through an AIS infrastructure system, the governmental organisations will have the full traffic overview of all SOLAS ships, as well as AIS Class B within the AIS base station coverage area. The AIS system provides an efficient tool to increase the situation awareness, the efficiency of operations and safety. Experience shows that the workload for the operators involved in vessel tracking and monitoring, is heavily decreased. The implementation plan for SOLAS vessels started in 2002 and was finalised in 2004. A Class A AIS mobile station consists of a GPS receiver and VHF radio modules. The AIS mobile station uses GPS satellites to determine vessel position. The position data should, however, come from the ship’s primary navigation system. If this is not available, the position will be provided from the internal GPS receiver. The internal GPS receiver is also used for time-synchronisation of received and transmitted data. VHF communication is used for broadcast and reception of vessel position data, navigational data, static and voyage related information with other vessels and base stations. For an AIS Class A mobile station serial line communication and the NMEA data protocol are used to exchange AIS data with other navigation systems. AIS data are displayed on the MKD unit or external systems such as ECDIS/ECS or radar. The Self-Organised Time Division Multiple Access protocol (SOTDMA) organises access for all users by operating with time-frames divided into single slots. AIS is based on SOTDMA communication on two frequencies (161.975 MHz and 162.025 MHz). Vessels will first listen in order to establish the slot table and then start sending in a vacant slot. When in normal operation, each station sends in a previously announced or randomly chosen slot. Future transmission slots will be allocated and communicated to surrounding AIS mobile stations. Hence a self-organised communication avoids transmission in same slots. The system is designed to give preference to close targets. Targets far away will drop out first in the event of overload. The length of a timeslot within the SOTDMA telegram is 26.6 milliseconds. There are maximum 2250 slots per minute on each AIS frequency, in total 4500 slots. One navigation message from a ship occupies one slot.
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The transmission rate of a position message (msg 1-3) depends on the speed and turn-rate of a vessel. Static information (msg 5) is sent every 6 minutes. Ship’s dynamic conditions
Reporting interval
Ship at anchor or moored and not moving faster than 3 knots
3 minutes
Ship at anchor or moored and moving faster than 3 knots
10 seconds
Ship 0 to 14 knots
10 seconds
Ship 0 to 14 knots and changing course
3.3 seconds
Ship 14 to 23 knots
6 seconds
Ship 14 to 23 knots and changing course
2 seconds
Ship > 23 knots
2 seconds
Ship > 23 knots and changing course
2 seconds
2.7 GNSS systems GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is a generic term for satellite navigation systems providing autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. GPS is the only GNSS with full constellation. However, GLONASS is operable but do not have full constellation. Galileo is a third GNSS, which is in the development phase.
2.7.1 GPS - Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defence. GPS was originally intended for military applications but in the 1980es the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS provides a highly accurate and continuous navigation service. It provides 24-hour, all weather and global coverage. The system is divided into the following three segments: Space segment
This segment consists of at least 24 satellites (21 active plus 3 operating spares) in 12-hour circular orbits. At an altitude of 20200 km, each satellite is transmitting orbital and clock parameters.
Control segment
This segment comprises Ground Control Stations geographically spread for monitoring, up-loading and control of the satellite transmitted characteristics.
User segment
This segment comprises GPS receivers installed on board ships, aircraft etc. to track satellite signals and transform them into position, velocity and time.
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Each GPS satellite transmits radio signals at two microwave frequencies in the L band, 1575.43 MHz (L1) and 1227.6 MHz (L2). The L1 signal is modulated by a precise (P) code for Precise Positioning Service (PPS) and a course/acquisition (C/A) code for Standard Positioning Service (SPS). The P code is for military and authorised personnel only and is encrypted before broadcast to GPS users. The C/A code is for civil users. Until 1 May 2000 the accuracy of the C/A code was degraded to 100 m (2DRMS) horizontal positioning by the use of Selective Availability (SA). However, SA is now switched off and the position accuracy of the system is about 16 metres 95% CEP. The fundamental technique for GPS is one-way ranging from the satellites. Triangulation, based on ranging from the satellites, is the basis of the system. In order to triangulate, the GPS measures distance using the travel time of a radio message. To measure travel time, timing is crucial. GPS therefore needs very accurate clocks. The transmission is referred to highly accurate atomic frequency standards on board the satellites, which are in synchronisation with the GPS system time base. The time difference from when the signal leaves the satellites until it is received at the GPS receiver, is measured. The distance is computed by multiplying with the speed of light. Once the distance to a satellite is known, the satellite's position in space must be found. The GPS satellites are launched into very precise orbits and their position is transmitted to the user. Knowing the satellites' position and the distance to the user receiver, the user position can be computed. Three perfect measurements can solve a three-dimensional point in space. However, the crystal clocks in the GPS receivers are drifting, and the position is therefore inaccurate. To calculate a three dimensional position, four unknowns have to be solved (latitude, longitude, height and receiver clock offset). To solve this equation with four unknowns it is necessary with range measurements from four or more satellites. The geometry, and hence the accuracy of the position calculation, varies with the number of satellites available and their location. Using differential corrections from one or more GPS Reference Stations significantly reduces all major error sources. This principle is called differential GPS (DGPS).
2.7.2 Differential GNSS (DGNSS) Position accuracy may be enhanced by using the differential technique. This can be achieved by using either traditional DGNSS or by clock and orbit corrections. 2.7.2.1 Traditional DGNSS (RTCM)
The DGNSS system improves the position accuracy by using the differential technique. This is accomplished by accurately surveyed GNSS reference stations which calculate pseudo-range corrections for all the satellites tracked by the reference station's GNSS receiver. The DGNSS system also uses a communication link for transmission of correction data from the Reference Station to the vessel.
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Each GNSS reference station compares the measured distance to a satellite with the one calculated based on the satellites' and the reference station's known co-ordinates. The resultant range difference is the correction data, which are broadcast from the GNSS reference stations to the Differential GNSS correction receiver(s) on board the vessel(s). The correction data can also be broadcast via satellite, e.g. an Inmarsat satellite. At the vessel, these pseudo-range corrections are applied to correct the pseudo-ranges received by the vessel's GNSS receiver, prior to using them for the calculation of a three-dimensional navigation solution. The concept of a differential GNSS (DGNSS) real-time system is illustrated in the figure. Figure 1
Differential GNSS (DGNSS) concept
2.7.2.2 Clock and orbit corrections
In contrast to having a unique set of satellite corrections specific to each reference site, the orbit and clock concept consists of one set of corrections for the satellites, which is valid globally. The orbit and clock concept uses reference stations with a worldwide spread to calculate the orbit and the clock value of each GNSS satellite more accurately than the broadcast GNSS ephemeris. Orbit and clock corrections to the broadcast GNSS ephemeris are then transmitted to the user. The correction data can be used at any location, regardless of distance to any reference station, making the system truly global. Local ionospheric errors are corrected at the user end by using a dual frequency receiver. Use of orbit and clock corrections improves the accuracy from metre level to decimetre level.
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Product description
Figure 2
Orbit and clock concept
2.7.3 SBAS system description SBAS, Satellite Based Augmentation System, is a generic term for GPS augmentation systems such as WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS and GAGAN, which use geostationary satellites to broadcast information to users over a large geographical area. SBAS shall provide additional accuracy and reliability for the GPS system. The systems are independent but based on the same principles. The systems are fully interoperable and compatible. SBAS is designed to improve the accuracy and ensure the integrity of information coming from GPS satellites. The signals from GPS satellites are received at a network of ground based reference stations. Measurements from the reference stations are routed to master stations, which generate and send the correction messages to Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. These GEO satellites broadcast the SBAS message to the users on the same frequency as GPS. This augmentation information consists of GPS-like ranging signals and correction information on GPS errors caused by the satellites themselves or by the ionosphere. 2.7.3.1 WAAS
WAAS, Wide Area Augmentation System, is an American GPS based assistance to air traffic, built and operated by the FAA, Federal Aviation Administration. The FAA commissioned WAAS in July 2003 throughout the continental United States and most of Alaska. The next segment of WAAS was completed in 2008 and will expand service coverage to all of the continental United States, most of Alaska and significant regions of Canada and Mexico.
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Figure 3
SBAS coverage
2.7.3.2 EGNOS
EGNOS, European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service, is the European SBAS and is being deployed to provide regional satellite based augmentation services to aviation, maritime and land-based users in Europe. EGNOS is a joint project of the ESA, the European Commission and Eurocontrol. EGNOS is the first activity in the field of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the first step to Galileo, the full global satellite navigation system under development in Europe. EGNOS ownership was transferred to the European Commission in 2009 which also operates the service. 2.7.3.3 MSAS
MSAS, Multifunctional transport Satellite-based Augmentation System, is a Japanese augmentation system, implemented by the Japanese Civil Aviation Bureau. MSAS was commissioned in September 2007. 2.7.3.4 GAGAN
GAGAN is an Indian Space Based Augmentation System. The system was developed jointly by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). GAGAN was operational as of 2014. 2.7.3.5 Signal distribution
SBAS signals are distributed by geostationary satellites. The broadcasting frequency of the signals is the same as GPS (L1, 1575.42 MHz). The following PRNs have been allocated to the SBAS satellites:
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Table 1
PRN for geo-stationary satellites
Geo satellite
Service
PRN
Position
Inmarsat 4F3
WAAS
133
98° W
Intelsat Galaxy XV
WAAS
135
133° W
Telesat Anik F1R
WAAS
138
107.3° W
Inmarsat 3F2 (AOR-E)
EGNOS
120
15.5° W
Artemis
EGNOS
124 – test
21.5° E
Inmarsat 4F2 (IOR-W)
EGNOS
126
25° E
MTSAT-1R
MSAS
129
140° E
MTSAT-2
MSAS
137
145° E
GSAT-8
GAGAN
127
55° E
GSAT-10
GAGAN
128
83° E
2.8 VHF in AIS systems Transmission in the AIS system is based on VHF (Very High Frequency). AIS mobile stations (on board vessels), AIS AtoNs, AIS Base Stations and other AIS devices are transmitting on two standardised AIS channels; Channel A (161.975 MHz) and Channel B (162.025 MHz). Two power levels are used on the vessels; low (1 W) and high (12.5 W). The range, distance between transmitting unit and receiving unit, is mainly depending on antenna height and the antenna installation. Use of for example combiners will introduce a loss and hence reduce the range. It is important to install the antenna as high as possible. Theoretical range can be estimated based on the following formula, which is a line of sight estimation: D (km) =
p 12, 75xH (m)
D = Distance (range) in kilometers. H = antenna height in metres. Note that both the transmitter and receiver side (see figure) need to be considered. This is an estimation of line of sight, and is very conservative for VHF range calculations. In order to give a better estimate of VHF range under normal metrological conditions 10 % should be added to the line of sight distance. Special metrological conditions may affect the radio range considerably.
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Technical specifications
3 Technical specifications
3.1 Performance specifications 3.1.1 AIS BS610 system AIS module
Sensitivity
-115 dBm
3.2 Weight and dimensions 3.2.1 AIS Unit Height
43.65 mm (1U)
Width
485 mm (19”) including mounting bracket
Depth
345 mm (including connector on rear panel)
Weight
3.0 kg (B610–01_24 V DC 3.4 kg)
3.2.2 GNSS antenna Type
Procom GPS 4
Height
230 mm
Diameter
33 mm
Weight
0.15 kg
Colour
White
Connector type
FME male with pigtail to N-female
The GNSS antenna has a right-hand circular polarisation (RHCP) and a built-in high gain, low noise amplifier. It has a full hemispherical coverage due to quadrifilar helix antenna element. It is delivered with an installation kit with U-bolts.
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3.2.3 VHF antenna Type
Comrod AV7
Height
1250 mm
Diameter
25 mm
Weight
1 kg
Connector type
N-female
AV7 is a high quality dipole antenna designed for the marine VHF radio telephone service. It is a high quality antenna with a durable construction. It has a vertical polarization and omni-directional radiation pattern. U-bolts in stainless steel are included.
3.3 Power specifications 3.3.1 AIS Unit Voltage
100 to 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz
Voltage 24 V DC option
100 to 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz, 24 V DC
Power consumption
Max. 30 W
Batteries
None, connection to UPS recommended
For information on the 24 V DC option see AIS Unit 24 V DC option on page 90.
3.3.2 GNSS antenna Type
Procom GPS 4
Voltage
5 V DC from AIS Unit
3.3.3 VHF antenna Type
Comrod AV7
Gain
2 dBi
3.4 Environmental specifications 3.4.1 AIS Unit Enclosure material
Aluminium
Operating temperature range
-15 °C to +55 °C
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Recommended operating temperature
Room temperature (+20 °C)
Storage temperature range
-20 °C to +70 °C
Operating humidity
Max. 95 % non-condensing
Storage humidity
Less than 55 %
Ingress protection front
IP 42
Ingress protection rear
IP 21
Electromagnetic compatibility IEC 60945/EN 60945 (immunity/emission) Vibration
IEC 60945/EN 60945
3.4.2 GNSS antenna Type
Procom GPS 4
Enclosure material
Plastic
Operating temperature range
-50 °C to +70 °C
Relative humidity
Hermetically sealed (100 %)
3.4.3 VHF antenna Type
Comrod AV7
Enclosure material
Fibreglass
Operating temperature range
-55 °C to +71 °C
Wind rating
55 m/s
3.5 External interfaces 3.5.1 AIS Unit Serial ports
2 serial ports, RS-232
Baud rate
Up to 115 200 bytes/sec
LAN
1 Ethernet port
USB
1 in front
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3.6 Product safety 3.6.1 AIS Unit Electrical safety (LVD)[1]
IEC 60950-1/EN 60950-1
3.7 Radio frequencies 3.7.1 GNSS antenna Type
Procom GPS 4
L1
1575 MHz
Gain (in axial direction)
32 dBi
3.7.2 GNSS receiver Type
u-Blox
GPS L1
1575.42 MHz
3.7.3 VHF antenna Type
Comrod AV7
Frequency
VSWR < 1.5:1, 156 to 162 MHz VSWR < 2:1, 145 to 165 MHz
Gain
2 dBi
3.7.4 VHF receiver Type
Kongsberg Seatex AIS module
Frequency
156 to 162.0375 MHz
3.8 Data outputs 3.8.1 AIS Unit Message format 1.
26
NMEA 0183 v. 3.0, and some proprietary messages
This equipment is intended for professional use only.
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Technical specifications
3.9 Data inputs DGNSS corrections
RTCM-SC104, v 2.3, AIS message type 17, NMEA 0183 v. 3.0 PI output according to relevant parts of IEC 62320–1/2
3.10 Interfaces AIS Unit 3.10.1 Front interfaces AIS Unit The power switch and USB for software upgrade are located behind the lid to the left of the front panel. Push lid on left side to open.
Connector
Type
Connected to
USB 1
USB
For software upgrades
3.10.2 Rear interfaces AIS Unit The rear panel of the unit contains serial interface for redundancy and service port, presentation interface (PI) on LAN. GPS and VHF connections are available on the rear.
Connector
Type
Connected to
GNSS
N-connector 50 Ohm female
GNSS antenna
VHF
N-connector female
VHF antenna
Redundancy
9–pin, RS-232
Redundant base station
Service
Service/monitor port
100 to 200 V AC
9–pin, RS-232 Power
LAN
RJ-45, 100 Mbit/s
Switch/router
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AIS BS610
3.10.3 Serial ports The AIS Unit has two RS–232 serial connections. 3.10.3.1 Redundancy
The Redundancy port is an RS-232 port. Default baud rate is 9600. The range is 1200 to 115200. CTS and RTS are not used. The pin layout is according to the table. Pin no.
RS-232
1 2
(CTS) RX
3
TX
4
(RTS)
5
GND
3.10.3.2 Service
The Service port (monitor port) is an RS-232 debug/service port. The baud rate is 115200 (not configurable). CTS and RTS are not used. The pin layout is according to the table. Pin no.
RS-232
1
(CTS)
2
RX
3
TX
4
(RTS)
5
GND
3.10.4 Ethernet connection • LAN AIS at the rear. This is the AIS LAN port where AIS PI data is received directly from the AIS module, and the port to use when configuring the system via WEB interface. Capacity is 100 Mbps. To connect this LAN to a network, a standard Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connectors must be used.
3.11 LED indicators AIS Unit At the front of the unit there are four LED indicators which indicate various situations depending on the state of the unit. Seen from right to left: ALR, GPS, RX and TX. • During startup the LEDs have these functions: – The LED to the right is red when Linux is running and the AIS Unit application is starting. At power-on, Linux and the application might start at the same time.
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– The led to the right is first unlit and then starts to flash yellow when the AIS Unit software is running. – The LED to the right continues to flash yellow until the AIS Unit is ready to send using RATDMA. Transmission in FATDMA starts after 3 seconds. During normal operation the LEDs have these functions. • The TX LED has these functions: – TX transmitting on Channel A, the LED to the left flashes green. – TX transmitting on Channel B, the LED to the left flashes yellow. – TX transmitting on Channel C, the LED to the left flashes red. – TX is off, the LED to the left is constantly red. • The RX LED has these functions: – RX receiving on Channel A, the second LED to the left flashes green. – RX receiving on Channel B, the second LED to the left flashes yellow. – RX receiving on Channel C, the second LED to the left flashes red. • The GPS LED has these functions: – When the AIS Unit is tracking satellites, the second LED to the right flashes green. – When the AIS Unit receives GPS data but no position or time, the second LED to the right flashes yellow. • The Alarm LED has this function: – When there is an alarm situation, the LED to the right is constantly red. Otherwise it is not lit.
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3.12 Internal alarm system 3.12.1 BIIT The AIS module has a built-in alarm functionality. The alarm is generated by the Built In Integrity Test (BIIT). The software handles generated alarms. The alarm may lead to some kind of actions taken by the system. This depends on what kind of alarm that arises. The alarm generated by the BIIT may lead to stop in transmission of messages. When an alarm arises, this will be identified by a red alarm LED. There will also be generated an alarm message on the PI port.
3.12.2 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks". A SNMP agent is installed on the AIS module in the AIS Unit trapping the BIIT alarms of the system. The Management Information Base (MIB) can be downloaded from FTP server on request.
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4 Installation
This chapter covers installation of the AIS Unit and the GNSS antenna, VHF antenna and, optionally, the power amplifier. Note
The AIS Unit has a plastic film on top to protect from transport scratches. This film must be removed before operation as the plastic film will reduce the heat transfer from the unit and thus cause temperature increase inside the unit. The installation includes: • Location of the system parts (the AIS Unit, GNSS antenna, VHF antenna and, optionally, power amplifier) • Installation of the AIS Unit in the cabinet • Installation of the power amplifier in the cabinet (optional) • Installation of coax connectors • Installation of the GNSS antenna and cable • Installation of the VHF antenna and cable • Connection of cables between the system and external equipment • System configuration
4.1 Location of system parts 4.1.1 Antenna location for AIS systems This system is likely to be co-located with other types of radio equipment at the installation site. Therefore special precautions are required when mounting the antennas for GNSS and VHF. The figure below gives some guidelines for antenna locations.
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4.1.2 GNSS antenna The most critical aspect of the system installation is the location of the GNSS antenna. Incorrect or inadequate installation can lead to poor positioning performance or complete loss of position. If the antenna is installed in a poor location, it can suffer from masking, multipath or interference from other radio sources which can affect the position performance. Masking The GNSS antenna should have an unobstructed line of sight to the sky. The signals from the satellite propagate by line-of-sight, which means that if the antenna cannot see the satellite, the reception will be severely impaired, if it occurs at all. Potential obstructions are other masts and antennas, cranes, rigs and fixed platforms, buildings in ports, high cliffs or hills close to shore. The impact of this can be anything from degraded performance to a complete loss of positioning.
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Figure 4
Good antenna location
Figure 5
Bad antenna location, typically masking situation
Multipath Inappropriate location of the antenna can result in the antenna receiving reflections of the incoming signal as well as the signal itself (multipath). The reflected multipath signal takes a longer path than the direct signal, introducing an error into the position calculation.
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Interference from other radiating sources Interference can be caused by close proximity to other radiating sources. Installing GNSS antennas in close proximity to satellite communication systems operating in or nearby GPS/GLONASS frequency bands (1.2 to 1.6 GHz) should be avoided (i.e. Sat C, Iridium). Ideally the antenna should be situated at a minimum of 3 metres from other radiating sources. As this is not always practically possible, a compromise location must be sought. Recommended distance to Sat C is minimum 2 metres horizontally and minimum 1.5 metres vertically.
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During installation, comprehensive tests should be carried out for potential interference by conducting transmissions from each RF source for extended periods, individually and simultaneously.
4.1.3 GNSS antennas in hazardous locations The GNSS antenna GPS 4, manufactured by Procom, can be used in an ATEX Europe EX zone 2 location with specifications given in label example. This only applies to installation with equipment delivered by Kongsberg Seatex AS.
4.1.4 VHF antenna For the VHF antenna, consider the following: • Mount the antenna in a location where free sight is ensured. Free mounting, and as high as possible is preferable, otherwise the SWR and the radiation diagram will be influenced. The higher the location, the better the coverage. • Avoid mounting the antenna parallel with, and in the vicinity of, other metal parts such as masts, supporting wires etc. • The antenna should be protected from direct illumination of radar beams and other transmitting antennas such as Inmarsat antennas. • Run the cables in a steel pipe in areas where the danger for radiation is high.
4.1.5 AIS Unit When installing the unit, note the following: • The unit is designed for indoor installation and must not be exposed to heavy vibrations, transformers or similar. • The unit should be resiliently mounted in a 19-inch rack to be in accordance with the environmental standard IEC 60945/EN 60945. • It is recommended that the area around the unit is kept free from dust and static electricity. • All connections to the unit are on the rear side and available space for cable connections and service must be provided.
4.1.6 Power amplifier Note
The power amplifier is optional and not a part of the standard delivery. When installing the 100 W power amplifier, consider the following: • The unit is designed for indoor installation and must not be exposed to heavy vibrations, transformers or similar.
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• The unit is to be mounted in a 19–inch cabinet. • Ensure that there is space above and below the unit due to heat transfer. • All connections to the unit are on the rear side and available space for cable connections and service must be provided.
4.2 AIS Unit installation The AIS Unit is to be mounted on attachment rails in a standard 19–inch cabinet. Note
The AIS Unit has a plastic film on top to protect from transport scratches. This film must be removed before operation as the plastic film will reduce the heat transfer from the unit and thus cause temperature increase inside the unit.
Procedure 1
Remove any plastic film from the unit.
2
Place the unit on rails or shelves in the 19–inch cabinet. This to ensure that the unit is supported at the rear.
3
Fasten the unit with four screws in the front. Minimum 10 cm free space is needed behind the unit for connection of cables.
4
Install the AC power cable in the power supply and to a suitable grounded power outlet.
5
The power supply chassis must be grounded to vessel ground.
4.3 Power amplifier installation The power amplifier can be used to compensate for loss between the AIS Unit and the antenna. Maximum power output is 100 W. The power amplifier can be controlled from the base station Web interface. The power amplifier is to be mounted on attachment rails in a standard 19–inch cabinet. Note
The power amplifier is optional and not a part of the standard delivery. Note
The power amplifier is heavy and it will produce heat.
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Procedure 1
Place the unit in the cabinet with space above and below. This to ensure enough ventilation due to heat transfer.
2
Connect the DIN cable between the power amplifier and the AIS Unit.
3
Connect a coaxial cable from the VHF connector on the AIS Unit to the circulator port 1.
4
Connect a coaxial cable from the circulator port 2 to the power amplifier.
5
Connect the VHF TX cable to the power amplifier.
6
Connect the VHF RX cable to the circulator port 3.
4.4 Antenna and cable installation The maximum length for each of the antenna coaxial cables is 30 metres for RG214 and 100 metres for 1/2" Superflex. If longer cables are needed, a low noise signal amplifier (LNA) should be fitted. It is recommended to use lightning arrestors. See Lightning arrestor specifications on page 88.
4.4.1 GNSS antenna and cable installation The cable recommended for the GNSS antenna is ½" superflex.
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AIS BS610
Caution If the antenna cable is attached to the AIS Unit, do not attach the antenna cable to the antenna when the unit is running. If the antenna cable is short-circuited with POWER ON, the GNSS receiver can be damaged. Caution The GNSS connector is the connector located to the right seen from the rear end. Do not confuse with the VHF connector.
How to install the antenna 1
Attach the interconnection pigtail cable to the antenna connector.
2
Wrap the cable connection with waterproof self-vulcanising tape.
3
Thread the interconnection cable through the extension pipe and the mounting bracket and attach the extension pipe with the mounting bracket to the antenna.
4
Attach the antenna mounting bracket to the ship's masthead or pole with the U-bolts.
5
Connect the interconnection cable to the ½" superflex cable.
6
Wrap outdoor cable connections with waterproof self-vulcanising tape. An alternative way of waterproofing is to use heat shrink hose with glue. The hose should cover the whole connector and part of the cable.
7
Dependent on the cable installation, secure the cable to the mast every one to three metres with clamps or bands (non metal). Note
The cable running from the GNSS antenna to the main unit should be as straight as possible. Do not crush or crimp the cable with tie-downs, as this will affect the electrical properties of the cable. 8
Check the antenna cable for short-circuiting.
9
Connect the other end of the ½" superflex cable to the interconnection cable. This cable is delivered in order to get secure cable runs to the main unit.
10 Connect the interconnection cable to the receiving device. All GNSS receivers provide necessary power through their antenna RF connectors. Related topics • GNSS antenna mechanical dimensions and installation on page 84
4.4.2 VHF antenna and cable installation The construction of the mount enables routing of the cable either along the inside or the outside of the mast tube. An RG-214 cable is used for distances shorter than 30 metres, while a ½" superflex cable is used for distances up to 100 metres.
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Caution If the antenna cable is attached to the AIS Unit, do not attach the antenna cable to the antenna when the unit is running. If the antenna cable is short-circuited with POWER ON, the AIS module can be damaged. Caution Do not connect the VHF antenna cable to the GNSS connector at the rear of the AIS Unit as this can damage the GNSS receiver.
How to install the VHF antenna 1
Attach the antenna to a mast tube or pole by using the provided U-bolts.
2
Attach the antenna cable to the antenna.
3
Wrap outdoor cable connections with waterproof self-vulcanising tape. An alternate way of waterproofing is to use heat shrink hose with glue. The hose should cover the whole connector and part of the cable.
4
Make sure the ground strap at the antenna base is connected to a suitable place ensuring good grounding.
5
Seal the terminals of the ground strap from moisture to prevent corrosion. Paint or silicone sealant is recommended for this.
6
Secure the cable to the mast every one to three metres with clamps or bands.
7
Route the connector at the other end of the antenna cable to the AIS Unit and connect the cable to the N-connector named VHF. A short RG-58 or RG-214 cable is often needed in order to secure cable runs to the unit.
Related topics • VHF antenna mechanical drawing and installation on page 86
4.5 Electrical installation The electrical installation consists of: • Connecting a cable between the GNSS antenna and the AIS Unit. • Connecting a cable between the VHF antenna and the AIS Unit. • Connecting the cables between the AIS Unit, the power amplifier and the circulator (optional) • Connecting cables with output/input data between the AIS Unit, network and other equipment. • Supplying 100 to 240 V AC power to the AIS Unit.
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AIS BS610
Caution Before powering on the AIS Unit, make sure the antenna cables and antennas are connected. Connecting or disconnecting an antenna or antenna cable when the AIS Unit is already powered, may permanently damage the antenna port on the AIS Unit or the antenna itself, voiding your warranty. If the antenna cable is short-circuited with power on, the receiver within the AIS Unit can be damaged.
How to carry out the electrical installation Note
The antenna cables must be as straight as possible. Do not crush or crimp the cable with tie-downs as this will affect the electrical properties of the cables. 1
Connect the GNSS antenna cable to the connector marked GPS at the rear of the AIS Unit.
2
Connect the VHF cable to the connector marked VHF at the rear of the AIS Unit.
3
Connect the control cable between the AIS Unit and the power amplifier.
4
Connect the coaxial cables between the AIS Unit, the power amplifier and the circulator.
5
Connect the network cables for LAN AIS.
6
When two AIS Units shall be used in redundant mode, they must be connected via a redundancy cable connected to the Redundancy port at the rear of the AIS Unit.
7
Connect the 100 to 240 V AC power supply to the power connector at the rear of the AIS Unit.
8
When all cables are connected, power on the AIS Unit using the power switch located behind the lid to the left on the front panel of the AIS Unit.
9
When the power is turned on, all LEDs flash before they remain unlit for about 60 to 70 seconds. Then all LEDs will start to blink in normal operation.
Related topics • Coax connector installation on page 75 • Serial ports on page 28 • LED indicators AIS Unit on page 28 • Power amplifier installation on page 36
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Configuration
5 Configuration
5.1 Configuration methods This system is primarily made for configuration with standardised AIS NMEA sentences. These sentences are described in the AIS Base Station test standard IEC 62320-1. Relevant sentences in IEC 62320-2 (AIS AtoN standard) are also implemented. The described configuration sentences are normally sent to an AIS Unit from a user interface (UI) installed on a server/PC and are one of the tools included in an AIS Service Management System (ASM). In order to make the user independent of a configuration UI and NMEA sentences, a WEB interface has been included in this system. IP address when delivered from factory is: • LAN 10.0.21.60 • Subnet 255.255.255.0 • Gateway 10.0.21.1
5.1.1 Configuration with NMEA sentences The AIS BS test standard IEC 62320-1 defines the AIS NMEA sentences. New software upgrades will be available after changes in the standard. As the NMEA (PI) sentences are standardised and available in the standard, this manual will not describe the NMEA sentences. TCP/IP port (multiclient) for configuration of the system is 4712.
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Related topics • PI sentences on page 47
5.1.2 Configuration via WEB interface The user can access the WEB interface if the IP address is known and the address is available for the user. The WEB interface uses the setup files in the system and changes are written to these files. 5.1.2.1 Connecting to WEB interface
How to connect to the WEB interface 1
Open a browser and write: http://
/ in the address bar
2
Enter the default login credentials for User: ais
3
Enter the default login credentials for Password: 1234
4
Continue with the configuration once you have entered the AIS Unit.
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5.1.2.2 Changing parameters via WEB interface
The WEB interface consists of folders for the various settings, which again have sub-folders. When you click a folder, a dialog box with the settings appears. This is where you change the settings.
When you have made the changes, they need to be confirmed before the changes take place. This confirmation is carried out under Review changes. Here are all the changes listed and you are asked to confirm.
5.1.2.3 WEB interface Help function
A description on how to use the WEB interface is available when connecting to an AIS Unit. In addition there is a short description linked to all parameters that are visible when hovering over the parameter name
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5.1.2.4 Reconfiguration of IP address via WEB interface
Changes to the IP address, subnet mask, gateway and host name are located under Network Setup. As a typing error during remote configuration might lead to loss of remote access, special care should be taken during changes of network parameters. The user will be asked to apply changes and a warning will be given. The system will automatically redirect the user to the correct address after the change if the user is on the correct subnet.
5.1.2.5 Software update via WEB interface
The software can be updated via the WEB interface. After clicking Update SW, you will be asked for a location for the new software. The system will check the validity of the update before the software is restarted and the update takes place. The software can also be updated locally via an USB stick.
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Related topics • Software updates on page 63
5.2 Message types The AIS system supports different messages on the VHF data link and on the PI and LAN interfaces. The illustration shows the message flow at VDL and PI on serial and/or LAN without the use of TSA/VDM pairs.
After start up, that is the first minute after the AIS Unit software has started, the system starts to transmit message 4 every 10 seconds minimum. The transmit interval is configuration dependent. The start slot must be set for both Ch A and Ch B. The start slot for Ch B = the start slot for Ch A + 375, if the interval is set to 750 (default). The start slot is available under ECB settings.
5.2.1 VDL messages Via the VDL interface the system can receive or transmit the following messages (when using TSA/VDM pairs more messages are supported on TX):
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Msg. Id
Message name
RX
1
Position report
•
2
Position report
•
3
Position report
•
4
Base station report
•
5
Static and voyage related data
•
6
Binary addressed message
7
TX
Description
•
Sent between base station and transponder or between base stations. Contains information about position, UTC, date and slot number.
•
•
Used as necessary for transmitting messages between base station and addressed transponder and between base stations.
Binary acknowledge
•
•
Acknowledge of message 6.
Binary broadcast message
•
•
Same as 6, but this one is for broadcast.
9
Standard SAR aircraft position report
•
10
UTC/data inquiry
•
11
UTC/data response
•
12
Addressed safety related message
•
•
Used as necessary for transmitting safety related messages between base station and addressed transponder or vice versa.
13
Safety related acknowledge
•
•
Acknowledge of message 13.
14
Safety related broadcast message
•
•
Same as 12, but this one is for broadcast.
15
Interrogation
•
•
Request for a specific message type. Used for request for transmission of information from one system to another.
16
Assignment mode command
•
•
Send from base station to transponder assigning timeslot and MSG type.
17
DGNSS broadcast binary message
•
•
Used for transmitting correction signals from the base station to transponders.
18
Standard class B equipment position report
•
19
Extended class B equipment position report
•
20
Data link management message
•
•
Gives information to transponder when MSG 4 is coming.
21
Aids-to-navigation report
•
•
22
Channel management
•
•
Channel assignment, information sent from base station to transponder regarding use of channels, output power, bandwidth, etc.
23
Group assignment command
•
•
Assignment of a specific report behaviour by competent authority using a Base station to a specific group of mobiles.
24
Static data report
•
8
•
Additional data assigned to an MMSI. Part A: Name Part B: Static data
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Msg. Id
Message name
RX
TX
Description
25
Single slot binary message
•
26
Multiple slot binary message with Communication state
•
Scheduled binary data transmission (broadcast or addressed).
27
SAT AIS message
•
Short AIS message sent by a Class A AIS on Ch C and D. Can be received if receiving on Ch C and D.
Short unscheduled binary data transmission (broadcast or addressed).
5.3 NMEA sentences 5.3.1 PI sentences The system outputs all received VDL messages as VDM sentences via the PI LAN port. Default is UDP/port 4711 and TCP/Port 4712. PI on TCP can be turned off under Setup →Misc in the WEB interface by changing the FULL_PI_TCP parameter to 0. The TCP port can be changed under Setup →Network by changing the LAN_PITCP_PORT parameter. Use value above 23. In addition, all VDL messages transmitted by the system are output as VDO sentences. ALR and ADS sentences are periodically output on the same interfaces. Other sentences can be output depending on configuration. Via the PI interface the system can receive or transmit sentences according to IEC 62320-1. The table contains input and output messages on the PI interface. All NMEA fields are used. NMEA Sentence AAR
RX
TX
Description
Transmission interval
•
•
AtoN message scheduling
Output on query
•
AIS addressed and binary broadcast acknowledgement
Upon reception of messages 7 and 13, and when sending message 15
ABK ABM
•
ACA
•
•
AIS channel assignment message
Output when change of status or on query
ACE
•
•
Extended AtoN configuration
Output on query
ACF
•
•
AtoN configuration
Output on query
ACK
•
Acknowledge alarm
ACM
•
AIS base station addressed channel management message
ADS AGA
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AIS addressed binary and safety related message
•
AIS device status
•
AIS base station broadcast of a group assignment message
Output on query
47
AIS BS610
NMEA Sentence
RX
TX
AID
•
•
AIQ
•
Query for specified sentence (AIQ,nmea)
AIR
•
AIS interrogation request •
ALR
Description
Transmission interval
AtoN creation/deletion
Output on query
Set alarm state
30 seconds/1 min.
ASN
•
AIS base station broadcast of assigned VDL message 16
BBM
•
AIS broadcast binary message
BCE
•
•
Extended general base station configuration
Output on query
BCF
•
•
General base station configuration
Output on query
BSQ
•
CAB
•
•
Control AIS base station
Output on query
DLM
•
•
Data link management slot allocation for base station
Output on query
ECB
•
•
Configure broadcast rates for base station messages
Output on query
•
Frame summary of AIS reception
End of each frame
FSR SID
•
SPO
•
TFR
Query for specified sentence (BSQ,nmea)
Installation of station’s identification •
Select AIS device’s processing and output
Output on query
•
Transmit feed-back report
Report status when scheduling a received VDM or TSA+VDM sentence TSA + VDM pair
TSA
•
Transmit slot assignment (followed by VDM)
TSP
•
Transmit slot prohibit
TSR
•
Transmit slot prohibit status report
Output on query
TXT
•
Text transmission
When change of status
•
AIS VHF data-link message
When receiving message on VDL
VDO
•
AIS VHF data-link own-vessel report
When sending message on VDL
VER
•
Version
Output on query
VSI
•
VDL signal information
Prior to a VDM or VDO
VDM
•
Proprietary: Query request for:
PSTXQ,
BRCADR
•
PI LAN Broadcast parameters
MMSI
•
MMSI number
OWNIP
•
Configure IP parameters
PORT
•
Serial port configuration
STXAIS
•
Status information
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NMEA Sentence
RX
TX
Description
Transmission interval
Response on query:
PSTXR,
BRCADR
•
PI LAN Broadcast parameters
MMSI
•
MMSI number
OWNIP
•
Configure IP parameters
PORT
Serial port configuration •
STXAIS
Status information Set:
PSTXS,
BRCADR
•
PI LAN Broadcast parameters
MMSI
•
MMSI number
OWNIP
•
Configure IP parameters
PORT
•
Serial port configuration Information message
PSTXI,
INFO
•
Redundancy information
Configurable, default 10 sec
STXAIS
•
Status information
Configurable, default 120 sec
5.3.1.1 INFO, proprietary sentence for redundancy
Transmits the sender’s current status information when a stable state/mode is established and no error detected. This is a broadcast message on UDP. If status information is requested due to a REQUEST message, the message is sent via TCP/IP (connection set up by ASM). Format $PSTXI,INFO,,,,, MODE Denotes the mode of the sender and may have one of the following values: 0: sender is in HOTSTBY mode 1: sender is in ACTIVE mode 2: sender is in STANDALONE mode
ALARM_MASK Indicates an alarm bit-mask. Alarm
Bit
ALR_BITMASK_TX_MALFUNC
0x00000001L
ALR_BITMASK_VSWR_EXCEED
0x00000002L
ALR_BITMASK_RX1_MALFUNC
0x00000004L
ALR_BITMASK_RX2_MALFUNC
0x00000008L
ALR_BITMASK_RX70_MALFUNC
0x00000010L
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Alarm
Bit
ALR_BITMASK_GS
0x00000020L
ALR_BITMASK_MKD_CON_LOST
0x00000040L
ALR_BITMASK_EXT_EPFS_LOST
0x00000080L
ALR_BITMASK_NO_VALID_SENSOR_DAT
0x00000100L
ALR_BITMASK_NO_VALID_SOG
0x00000200L
ALR_BITMASK_NO_VALID_COG
0x00000400L
ALR_BITMASK_INVALID_HEADING
0x00000800L
ALR_BITMASK_INVALID_ROT
0x00001000L
ALR_BITMASK_FRAME_SYNC_FAIL
0x00002000L
ALR_BITMASK_DGNSS_FAIL
0x00004000L
ALR_BITMASK_DSC_TX_MALFUNCTION
0x00008000L
ALR_BITMASK_DSC_ANTENNA_VSWR
0x00010000L
VDL_STATE Indicates the state of the VHF Data Link and may have one of the following values: 0: VDL channel A and B ON (the same as omitting this parameter) 1: VDL channel A ON, B OFF 2: VDL channel B ON, A OFF 3: VDL channel A and B OFF
VHF_ACTIVE Indicates reception of VHF messages from the Active unit. This parameter is valid for the hot standby unit only. The following values (VhfActiveEnumType) are defined: 0: Invalid (Probably because the unit is in standby mode) 1: VHF reception from Active not OK 2: VHF reception from Active on channel A OK 3: VHF reception from Active on channel B OK 4: VHF reception from Active on channel A and B OK
NO_TARGETS Indicates the number of received targets. The unit having the highest value of NO_TARGETS has the best VHF receive conditions, i.e. a VHF radio quality indicator.
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5.3.1.2 STXAIS, proprietary internal information sentence
This sentence is default output at start-up of the AIS Unit. In addition it can be output at a configurable interval but default each 120 seconds. You can request the message with a NMEA sentence. To request the internal AIS information, the following can be sent on the PI. Format $PSTXQ,STXAIS* The AIS BS response message has this format (one message per port): Format $PSTXR,STXAIS,,,,, ,,* Format description 1 STXAIS = Message ID identifying this sentence 2 type = Hex value describing the type of AIS Unit 3 version = Firmware version 4 uptime = Uptime since last reboot dddhhmm 5 radio stat = Hex value radio status 6 fwd = Forward power 7 rfp = Reflected power 8 thread status = Hex value of thread status. The thread that caused watchdog to trig 9 system status = Hex value of the system status. Reason for last reboot 10 low synth = The data read when the lower synth is selected The following are not used in this AIS product: • • • Always <0> 5.3.1.3 VDM sentence structure
The structure for a VDM sentence can be as follows: • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,43n32Aiu:k:V<0gWgpTCD`Q00<0@,0*28 The ! sign indicates that the sentence is in 6-bit NMEA binary format, which is not a direct readable format. In this example the BSVDM indicates that this is data received from another unit. The B indicates that the message is received on AIS channel B. 5.3.1.4 ALR sentence structure
The structure for an ALR sentence can be as described below:
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• $BSALR,194544.00,3,A,V,AIS: RX channel 1 malfunction*23 The $ sign indicates that this is an ASCII text sentence where it is possible to read some of the information directly. Typical use of this sentence type is for the alarm information. Typical data output via the PI serial or LAN port can be as follows: • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,10002:pP?w4?wp1`;L,0*6E • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,400000Au@veFC0gWnnTCDH1005aH,0*6F • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,4000Rf1u@veFD000000000700L09,0*58 • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,43n32>iu@veFD0gVp0TBwp700D0?,0*08 • !BSVDO,1,1,,B,E00?fn64b@;Wa5aP00000000000@Fpn0A:`P0<1QAAP000,4*3E • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,E00?fn64b@;Wa5aP00000000000@Fpn0A:`P0<1QAAP000,4*3C • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,13mFfW?0000gVtdTC>HT`AR`00S<,0*70 • !BSVDO,1,1,,B,E01;9Pi0b7I17aP0000000000002ATIw2tVD0:1AA@4?wp1d08,0*16 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,400000Au@veFM0gWnvTCDHA005aH,0*0A • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,4000Rf1u@veFM000000000700L0:,0*51 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,4>qc661u@veFO0gWwnTCD@Q000S:,0*38 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,43n32>iu@veFN0gVp0TBwp700D0@,0*7E • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,10007tgP000gWw6TCD?P0?vt0<06,0*30 Data can be decoded/replayed and verified using an external system that is capable of reading the data. There are two types of alarm messages which consist of two different sentences. These are the TXT and the ALR sentences. The TXT indicates a change in status of some operational parameters, and the ALR informs of an error situation that might need corrective action. An error situation may arise if there is a TX or RX malfunction. The ALM LED in the front of the AIS Unit will be lit if an error situation arises. Note
If Comment Blocks are enabled, then Comment Blocks are required for input sentences to the PI as well. If enabled, sentences without a Comment Block will be discarded.
5.4 Comment/tag block Under BCE there are two options of interest in relation to blocks;
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Enabling Enable blocks will enable the use of comment blocks. Enabling Use_tag_blocks will enable the use of tag blocks over comment blocks. Enable blocks must be enabled independently of which block type is wanted. The difference between comment blocks and tag blocks are what information can be represented within the block. Tag blocks have a sequence ID number that is unique to every interface (of the PI), while comment blocks use C-time increment of one second resolution to time-tag the blocks. The dictionary used for representing the parameters is different as well. See various standards for specification.
5.5 Differential corrections The system can receive RTCM 2.3 DGPS corrections on the network (TCP/IP port 4713). If message 17 is enabled, the system will start to transmit DGPS corrections embedded in message 17. Message 17 can be enabled via the web interface configuration. Click the folder BS Setup →ECB Channel A or →ECB Channel B. The message can also be enabled through the use of NMEA messages.
5.6 Dependent and independent mode The system is capable of supporting both the traditional Independent mode operation and the Dependent mode operation. In Independent mode the system will manage the radio link autonomously. The Dependent mode allows an external application to handle the radio link. To configure the system for Independent mode operation, one or more of the following configuration parameters must be set: • RATDMA enabled • DLM reservations set • ECB transmission schedule set for one or more messages. By disabling all the parameters above, the system will start to operate in Dependent mode. Typical PI output in Dependent mode looks like this: • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,30071L0P?w4?wp1Ru1,0*5F • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,402MBm@000Htt0gWVpTBwp700`GV,0*22 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,13nBPj0P010gbE:TCC`u`gwD0<0J,0*00 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,13mHpP00000gW1HTC>3P01M@08Hk,0*2F • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,8000000Iv?UiaWft=JnmQicpgvO?VBm3lac>pNKbe@,4*0D • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,30071L0P?w4?wp1RpA,0*29 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,402MBm@000Htt0gWVpTBwp700`MM,0*30 • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,30071L0P?w4?wp1P01,0*18 • !BSVDM,1,1,,A,402MBm@000Htt0gWVpTBwp700UaT,0*33
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• !BSVDM,1,1,,B,13nBPj0P000gbF:TCCk=awv400Sl,0*68 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,8000000Iv?UiaWft=JnmQicpgvO?VBm3lac>pNKbe@,4*0E • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,30071L0P?w4?wp1P01,0*1B • !BSVDM,2,1,8,A,50071L0DDW?d4000001DpUB08000000000000000000000 @d0051Dm000000,0*60 • !BSVDM,2,2,8,A,00000000000,2*35 • !BSVDM,1,1,,B,402MBm@000Htt0gWVpTBwp700Ua`,0*04
5.7 Redundant Base Stations A redundant Base Station installation consists of two equivalent Base Station units. The units are connected via a serial cable (0-modem cable). This system has a dedicated Redundancy port at the rear (RS-232). Redundant Base Stations can operate in various modes.
5.7.1 Base Station operation modes 5.7.1.1 Standalone with TX ON
The serial communication between the units has failed. Both units will immediately enter the Standalone mode and the last active unit will continue transmission of VDL messages. Missing reception of message 4 will enforce a "switchover" but dependent on configuration, loss of more than one message 4 is accepted. As long as one of the units receives message 4 from the other unit, the redundancy is enabled but reduced. 5.7.1.2 Standalone with TX OFF at one unit
The redundancy is disabled and the unit with TX ON will continue transmission of VDL message. The unit with TX OFF will be in Maintenance mode. 5.7.1.3 Hot standby
The redundancy is enabled and this is the inferior unit with no transmission of VDL messages. The other unit is active. 5.7.1.4 Active
The redundancy is enabled and this is the superior unit with transmission of VDL messages. The other unit is hot standby. If the active Base Station or associated services fails, or suffer from severe malfunction, a switchover will take place and the hot standby unit will take over and operate as the active AIS Base Station. For maintenance purposes it is possible to turn off the redundancy, i.e. set the TX OFF. TX OFF can be configured with an NMEA sentence or via the WEB interface.
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5.7.2 Redundancy configuration In the WEB interface BS Setup →Redundancy there are some parameters related to the redundant operations. The Enabled parameter must be manually set to enable or disable the redundancy.
The following parameters are available (default values are shown): [SECTION: REDUNDANCY] ENABLED
1
! Enable redundant operation ! 0 = Disable redundant operation, standalone ! 1 = Enable redundant operation
0 OPER_MODE
! Operational Unit (must be 0) ! Operational Mode ! 0 = Hot Standby ! 1 = Active ! 2 = Standalone
HOTSTBY_VDM_OUTPUT
COM2 57600 N 8 1
! Port definition (must not be changed)
01
! VDM output by hot standby unit ! 0 = Disable output ! 1 = Enable output
PI_INFO_INTERVAL
0
! Active time for unit (internal use)
10
! Output of Info sentences on PI / LAN ! 0 = Off
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! Time in sec VSWR_ALR_SWITCHOVER_TIME
1
! Time to switchover if SWR alarm detected ! 0 = No switchover, else X seconds
5.7.3 Startup — Active or Hot standby To be able to operate in Redundant mode, it is required that the units have equal MMSI numbers and that transmission of VDL messages are not turned off (TX OFF). For these conditions the Standalone mode is always entered. If no corresponding Base Station connected for redundancy operation is detected, the Standalone mode will be entered. When a corresponding Base Station connected for redundancy is started and detected by the already running unit, this standalone unit will be active. The last started unit will become hot standby regardless of the mode defined in the setup file (OPER_MODE). If the units are started at the same time and have equal mode, the unit with the highest MAC address has precedence to be active. The unique identifier should be unique for every Base Station in a redundant configuration. This will allow interaction with each Base Station without knowing from where a specific NMEA sentence originates (for NMEA sentences without UID, the comment block can be enabled to achieve this).
5.8 Output of GPS sentence on PI In the WEB interface Setup folder →Misc there is a parameter related to output of GPS sentences on PI. It is default set to 0. If changed to 1 and acknowledged under Review changes, the GSV sentence will be output on PI. 1
Access the WEB interface for configuration.
2
Click the Setup folder →Misc.
3
Change the SATELLITE_MON_INTERVAL parameter to 1.
4
Confirm the change under Review changes.
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6 Getting started
This chapter describes the main operating procedures for getting started and using the AIS Unit.
6.1 How to turn on the AIS Unit 1
Ensure that the power cable, the serial connection(s), the network and the antennas are connected.
2
Push the lid to the left on the AIS Unit to reveal the ON switch.
3
Press the ON switch.
4
After an initialisation period, the GPS LED will start to blink. The initialisation may take up to 15 minutes, depending on the GPS almanac.
Related topics • LED indicators AIS Unit on page 28
6.2 AIS Unit settings The following settings must be carried out in order to get a working AIS Unit. We recommend to carry out these settings via the WEB interface. Refer to Configuration on page 41 for other settings. The AIS Unit is by default configured.
6.2.1 Network settings How to change the network settings 1
Connect the network port ( AIS LAN) of the AIS Unit to a PC, network switch or hub. The unit is delivered with default IP address.
2
Type the address: http://< ip-address of AIS LAN> to connect to the WEB interface of the AIS module for configuration. Default IP address is: 10.0.21.60.
3
Or you can use NMEA sentences for configuration of the AIS module.
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4
Open Network setup on the Web interface to change the IP settings of the AIS module.
5
Default PI TCP port on AIS LAN is 4712. Output on TCP port 4712 (Full_PI_TCP) can be turned off under the folder Setup →MISC. The port number can be changed under the Setup folder →Network →LAN_PITCP_PORT. Use port numbers above 23.
6
Open Setup →Network to change the PI UDP settings. Change the settings to be in accordance with the general AIS network settings. The PI UDP port can be turned OFF by entering 0 in the LAN_BRC_PORT under the Setup folder →Network.
6.2.2 MMSI Default MMSI when delivered is 2579999. The MMSI needs to be changed after startup. Set the seven-digit MMSI number, either by sending a BCF sentence to the AIS Unit or via the WEB interface. The AIS Unit will automatically add two zeros at the front to fulfil the mandatory nine digits.
6.2.3 Unique identifier Set the unique identifier (UID) according to the description in IEC 62320–1. Either by sending a SID sentence to the AIS Unit. If the UID is not set, the default factory set UID will be used. This can be queried by the VER sentence. The UID can also be set in the WEB interface.
6.2.4 Position source Set the position source that shall be used. Internal GPS is by default enabled. Normally the user will change to surveyed position. The position can be set by sending a BCF sentence to the AIS Unit. The position can also be set in the WEB interface.
6.2.5 Radio — VHF channels and power Default VHF RX and TX channels are the standard AIS channels. Ch C is default off. Power level is default 12 W. Parameters can be set by sending a BCF sentence to the AIS Unit. These parameters can also be set in the WEB interface under Setup →Radio. Under Setup →Radio there is a channel C available in addition to the traditional Ch A and B. Channel C can be used for DSC or TDMA. Originally it was meant for DSC, but as the need for DSC disappeared, a TDMA option has been implemented. Hence another frequency in the maritime band can be configured. Typically use of Ch C could be for secure /military AIS traffic. Use the Help function to configure the modulation. Power can be selected for the Ch C separately in the same view.
6.2.6 Reporting rates Default factory setting for the AIS Unit is message 4 start slot Ch A = 10 and Ch B = 385, message 4 used = 1.
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All slot allocations and reporting rates should be set by an authorised authority. Reporting rates are set by sending an ECB sentence to the AIS Unit or they can be set in the WEB interface →AtoN Setup. Set the Message 4 Start Slot in BS setup under ECB. A value of –1 indicates no transmission of message 4. Set a value between 0 and 374 to make the AIS Unit transmit Message 4. The other messages (17, 20 and 22) can be turned off. To enable the transmission of messages other than message 4, the AIS Unit needs to be told the slot reservations (DLM sentence). If the ECB is used to enable a scheduled message (other than message 4) and there is no slot reservation for this message, the message will not be sent. Slot reservations and transmission schedule must match.
6.3 Status information The Status page in the WEB interface holds information on Alarms (if any), Status and Station List. Alarms, if any, are listed in addition to own position (internal GNSS pos). The Station List gives the number of visible AIS vessels and the distance to the most distant unit. Forwarded and reflected power are presented in the Status box. Reflected power should be between 10 % and 20 % of the forwarded power. The reflected power will be presented after the first transmission.
The serial number of the AIS Unit and the AIS module is available under the Update SW page. If the serial number of BS610 is -1, the AIS Unit has been produced before the support for serial number was implemented (1.00.06).
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6.4 Advanced configuration All configuration of the AIS Unit, specifically slot allocations and reporting rates, should be carried out by a competent authority. Certain parameters need to be set in order for the unit to be able to send data on LAN to the correct network. • IP_ADDR • SUBNET_MASK • GATEWAY • LAN_BRC_ADDRESS • LAN_BRC_PORT • LAN_BRC_ADR_CLI(ents) Send the following sentences to configure the unit: • SID – Installation of Station identification (UID, MMSI) • BCF – Configuration (MMSI, position, VHF settings, etc.) • BCE – Gen. config. extended (RATDMA, UTC source, etc.) • CAB – Transmission on channel A/B, restart • SPO – Select device’s reception processing and output • DLM – Data link management (FATDMA allocations) • ECB – Configuration broadcast rates for messages (4, 17, 20, 22, 23) • ACA – Region channel management • AGA – Preparation of a group assignment message (23) ECB is used to set up the transmission schedule of the various messages. The position report is VDL message 4 and when configured it will have a reporting interval of minimum 10 seconds. Furthermore, the AIS RTCM message 17 can be configured for transmission on the two channels separately. To inform other AIS units within radio range of the fact that this Base Station is using specific time slots for transmission, the VDL message 20 must be configured for transmission. This can also be done for two channels separately. If the coverage area of the Base Station is using non-standard AIS radio parameters, then message 22 should be scheduled for transmission. If a group assignment message shall be broadcasted, then message 23 should be scheduled for transmission. All of this is done by sending the ECB message. Note
Prior to sending the ECB sentence, the DLM sentence must be used to allocated FATDMA slots for the scheduled messages (DLM sentence is not necessary for message 4, but is recommended). Radio channels can be turned ON or OFF at authorities discretion. Radio channel control and the possibility to reboot the AIS Unit can be done by sending the CAB message on the PI.
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6.5 Channel management The NMEA messages ACM and ACA are used for channel management. ACA sets the area and radio parameters for the area where non-standard AIS radio parameters apply. An authorised operator can perform this task. Sending an ACA message will cause the AIS Unit to alter its own radio parameters. ACM is used to make the AIS Unit transmit a channel management message 22 to a designated AIS target. The message contains non-standard AIS radio parameters, but not a region. The AIS Unit can manage up to 10 different regions. These regions may be overlapping. It is not possible to configure the AIS Unit to use regions with different radio settings. All regions must have the same radio parameters.
6.6 Radio traffic management Sometimes it is necessary to limit the amount of radio traffic within a certain area, for example a port with many vessels. One way of doing this is to use the VDL message 16 and set the destined mobile station into Assigned mode. The AIS Unit will be told in which time slots it should send, and on which channel(s). An ASN message (NMEA sentence) must be sent to the AIS Unit to make it force other mobile stations to go into Assigned mode.
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7 Maintenance
The AIS system consists of both software and hardware. The software part can be reinstalled or upgraded to the latest version in the field. Service on the hardware in the field can consist of: • Exchanging damaged GNSS antenna cables. • Exchanging failed GNSS antenna. • Exchanging damaged VHF antenna cables. • Exchanging failed VHF antenna. • Exchanging failed AIS Unit. • Checking fuse within the power connector on the AIS Unit. The AIS Unit is not designed for service in the field and opening the housing can result in damage or degradation of the unit and void the warranty.
7.1 Periodic maintenance Some activities should be carried out on a regular basis to maintain the condition or operational status of the equipment.
7.1.1 Antenna care The enclosures should be carefully cleaned on a regular basis with a damp cloth and mild soap. Brush off any ice or snow to ensure optimal performance. Note
Do not use abrasive cleaners or chemicals.
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7.2 Software updates Kongsberg Seatex AS will regularly offer software upgrades for the AIS Unit with improvements and new functionalities. It is up to the user to decide whether he will update his/her unit to the latest version. Contact customer support to receive the new software.
7.2.1 Software update routine Software on the AIS module within the AIS Unit can be updated either remotely from a PC (via WEB interface) or locally (via USB device). How to update software via USB 1
Insert the USB device with the unzipped software update in the USB port behind the lid at the front of the AIS Unit. Note
Not all USB devices are supported. 2
When the AIS Unit detects a new firmware on the USB device it will be validated and uploaded.
3
The unit goes through an update procedure and restarts the processes which are affected by the update.
4
When the update is finished the AIS Unit will enter standard operation mode based on the settings it had before the update.
Related topics • Software update via WEB interface on page 44
7.3 Repairs and modifications Repair of the AIS Unit can consist of: • exchanging damaged antenna cables • exchanging failed antennas • exchanging the AIS Unit These repairs can be carried out by a skilled electrician.
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7.3.1 Exchange of antenna cable How to change antenna cable Caution If the antenna cable is attached to the unit, do not attach the antenna cable to the antenna with the AIS Unit powered on. If the antenna cable is short-circuited with power on, the receiver or AIS module within the unit can be damaged.
1
Turn off the AIS Unit with the power switch located behind the lid at the front of the unit.
2
Dismount the damaged antenna cable. The new antenna cable must be as straight as possible. Do not crush or crimp the cable as this will affect the electrical properties of the cable.
3
Connect the antenna cable to the antenna.
4
The connection between the antenna and the antenna cable should be sealed against water penetration, preferably using waterproof self-vulcanizing tape.
5
Connect the antenna cable to the AIS Unit.
7.3.2 Exchange of antenna How to change antenna Caution If the antenna cable is attached to the unit, do not attach the antenna cable to the antenna with the AIS Unit powered on. If the antenna cable is short-circuited with power on, the receiver or AIS module within the unit can be damaged.
1
Turn off the AIS Unit with the power switch located behind the lid at the front of the unit.
2
Dismount the failed antenna.
3
Mount the new antenna on the mounting rod or similar.
4
Connect the antenna cable to the antenna.
5
The connection between the antenna and the cable should be sealed against water penetration, preferably by using waterproof self-vulcanizing tape.
6
Connect the antenna cable to the AIS Unit.
7.3.3 Repair of AIS Unit The unit is not designed for customer maintenance. All repairs and modifications of the unit, except changing the fuse in the power inlet, installation of new software versions and setup of the system, should be carried out by qualified personnel. A failed unit should be shipped back to Kongsberg Seatex AS or other agreed service point for repair.
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7.3.4 Installation of spare AIS Unit If a spare unit is rented while your unit is in for repair, it is delivered with the latest version of the product software. Use the following procedure to exchange the units: How to install a spare AIS Unit 1
Turn off the unit with the power switch located behind the lid at the front of the unit.
2
Disconnect the unit to be repaired from its cables and replace it with the spare unit.
3
Connect all cables as they were on the original unit.
4
Power up the unit.
7.4 Troubleshooting This part of the document is written for personnel with operator experience when a situation arises where assistance from service personnel may be required. The aim of this section is to identify the problem so that the appropriate action can be taken.
7.4.1 System status The error conditions in the system are usually observed by looking at the colour codes of the four LED indicators located on the front panel or in the Status page of the WEB interface. When contacting Kongsberg Seatex AS support, please refer to the serial number of the unit and the software version. The software version number can be found in the WEB interface →Update SW. Related topics • LED indicators AIS Unit on page 28 • Status information on page 59
7.4.2 No power The unit’s LEDs will start to flash when Linux is running. This might take 30 to 60 seconds. What to check if the power LED indicator is blank 1
Check the power connection to the unit(s).
2
Turn the power switch behind the lid on the front panel off and on two or three times in case of poor connection.
3
Check the fuse within the power connector.
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How to change fuse 1
Disconnect the power connector.
2
Open the fuse holder below the power inlet gently with a screw driver.
3
Within the holder there are two fuses, one in use and one spare. Remove the innermost fuse and replace it with the spare fuse.
4
Close the fuse holder.
5
Connect the power connector and turn the power switch on.
WARNING If the fuse has blown, the cause for the fuse failure must be investigated.
7.4.3 External output problems During operation situations may occur where the external equipment receives no data from the AIS Unit. What to check if external equipment receive no data from the AIS Unit 1
Check the network cables/equipment, serial lines (if used), cables, cable connectors and antennas for mechanical damage.
2
Check that the connectors are connected to the correct output ports both on the AIS Unit and on the connected equipment. The layout of the rear panel of the unit is shown in Rear interfaces AIS Unit on page 27.
3
If the cable and connectors are OK, check that the output configuration of the AIS Unit is set up correctly.
Related topics • Configuration via WEB interface on page 42
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Mechanical drawings
8 Mechanical drawings
This chapter contains an outline drawing including mechanical dimensions of the AIS Unit. Note
The drawings are not to scale. To-scale drawings are available on request.
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8.1 AIS Unit mechanical dimensions
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Parts list
9 Parts list
9.1 Standard components Part number
Description
B610-01
Kongsberg AIS BS 610
A101-01
GPS antenna, GPS 4
A101-02_H *)
Mounting kit for GPS 4
A100-58
VHF antenna, AV7N
G071-28
Power cable, 2.5 m
B610-02
Instruction Manual, AIS BS 610
*) A101-02_H (Mounting kit for GPS antenna) consists of : • A101-02 (Mounting bracket for GPS 4) • A101-03 (Interconnection cable for GPS 4 antenna, with N-female) • A100-93 (Cable main unit to GPS antenna cable, with N-female, 0.5 m)
9.2 Equipment 24 V DC option Part number
Description
B610–01_24VDC Kongsberg AIS BS 610, 24 V DC option B610–03
Power connector (female) for 24 V DC
9.3 System accessories Part number
Description
A100-59
GPS/VHF antenna cable (RG–214), price per m, maximum length 30 m
A100-60
GPS/VHF antenna cable (low loss), price per m, maximum length 100 m
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Part number
Description
A100-71
Connector kit for GPS antenna cable (low loss), two connectors
A100-73
Connector kit for VHF antenna cable (low loss), two connectors
A100-61
Connector kit for GPS antenna cable (RG–214), two connectors, (1 ea.)
A100-66
Connector kit for VHF antenna cable (RG–214), two connectors, (1 ea.)
G071-91
Cable main unit to VHF antenna cable, 0.5 m, (1 ea.)
A101-03
Interconnection cable for GPS 4 antenna, with N-female, (1 ea.)
A100-93
Cable main unit to GPS antenna cable, with N-female, 0.5 m, (1 ea.)
A101-02
Mounting bracket for GPS 4, (1 ea.)
B600-03
Cable redundancy, serial RS-232, 9–pin connectors
B600-07
100 W power amplifier
B220–01
Circulator for 100 W power amplifier
B600–08
DIN cable between BS6xx and 100 W power amplifier
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References
10 References
Reference documents 1
NMEA 0183 Standard for Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices, Version 3.00
2
RTCM Recommended Standards for Differential Navstar GPS/GLONASS Service, Version 2.3
3
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and systems –Automatic identification system (AIS) – Part 1: AIS Base Stations – Minimum operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results, IEC 62320-1
4
Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and systems - Automatic identification system (AIS) - Part 2: AIS AtoN Stations - Operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results, IEC 62320-1
5
Technical characteristics for an automatic identification system using time-division multiple access in the VHF maritime mobile band, Recommendation ITU-R M.1371-5
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Appendix A Declaration of conformity
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Appendix B Statement of conformity
Appendix B Statement of conformity
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Appendix C Coax connector installation
Appendix C Coax connector installation
The connector consists of two parts: the connector head and the cable entry. The instructions below are an excerpt from Huber+Suhner assembly instruction, DOC-0000179418, rev. C, March 2008.
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Appendix C Coax connector installation
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Appendix C Coax connector installation
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Appendix D ½" coax cable specifications
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Appendix E RG–214 specifications
Appendix E RG–214 specifications
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Appendix F Antenna specifications
Appendix F Antenna specifications
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F.1 GNSS antenna mechanical dimensions and installation Excerpt from Procom datasheet Application Active receiving antenna for the 1575 MHz NAVSTAR GPS Satellitte Navigation System Electrical specifications Model and type
GPS 4, quadrifilar helix active antenna
Frequency
1575 MHz
Impedance
Nom. 50 Ω
Polarisation
Circular right-hand
Gain (in axial direction)
> 32 dBi
SWR (output)
< 2.0
Supply voltage
5 ± 0.5 V DC
Current consumption
Approx. 44 mA
EMC
Full protection (IEC 801, IEC 255)
Mechanical specifications Materials
Antenna dome: weather-resistant low-loss plastic,
Colour
White
Wind surface
Approx. 0.0072 m2
Max. wind speed
200 km/h
Wind load Temperature range
Approx. 9.6 N @ 150 km/h -50 °C to +70 °C
Connector
FME-female (pin) (N-female pigtail when delivered by Kongsberg Seatex AS)
Total height
Approx. 23 cm
Antenna diameter
33 mm
Weight
Approx. 150 g
Mounting Vertical on 1–inch water pipe or on PROCOM 1–inch mounting brackets.
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Appendix F Antenna specifications
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F.2 VHF antenna mechanical drawing and installation Excerpt from Comrod datasheet Type Comrod AV7. Application High quality dipole antenna designed for the marine VHF radio telephone service. Electrical specifications Frequency range 156 to 162 MHz, VSWR < 1.5:1 145 to 165 MHz, VSWR < 2:1 Nominal impedance
50 Ω
Power rating
100 W
Gain Pattern
2 dBi Horizontal plane: Omnidirectional Vertical plane: see reverse page
Polarisation
Vertical
Connector
UHF female is standard Yes
DC-grounded
Mechanical specifications Design
Centerfed coaxial dipole. Radiating elements completely enclosed in polyurethane foam within a fiberglass tube. Mounting bracket in aluminium.
Height
1.25 m (4 ft)
Weight
1 kg, including U-bolts
Wind rating
55 m/s = 125 mph
Finish Temperature range
Polyurethane lacquer, white -55 °C, +71 °C (-67 °F, +160 °F)
Mounting Mounted to the bulkhead by means of 4 holes in the aluminium bracket or to a mast or tube with U-bolts. The tube may be horizontal or vertical.
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Appendix F Antenna specifications
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Appendix G Lightning arrestor specifications
Excerpt from Huber+Suhner data sheets.
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Appendix G Lightning arrestor specifications
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Appendix H AIS Unit 24 V DC option
This appendix gives a description of the deviation between a standard AIS Unit and the 24 V DC option.
H.1 General information The 24 V DC option has part number B610-01_24VDC. A 24 V DC version of the AIS Unit is marked at the rear side with the following label. It contains a 24 V DC to 12 V DC power supply in addition to the standard 110 to 240 V AC supply. It can have both or one of the sources connected. The 24 V DC connection has no power switch. The 110 V AC to 240 V AC power switch is located under the front lid as for the standard AIS Unit. Which source is connected will be indicated by the green LEDs at the rear side. When both sources are connected, the two LEDs are lit. In this case the AIS modules are fed from both sources at the same time. If one is disconnected or the source fails, the AIS Unit will still be working. Seen from the rear side the left LED indicates status on DC and the right LED indicates status on AC source. Green means it is connected.
H.2 Pinning of the 24 V DC connector The AIS Unit is delivered with a connector (female) for the 24 V DC input source. Part number is B610-03. Pin #
Input
1
+
G
—
90
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Appendix H AIS Unit 24 V DC option
Pin #
Input
2
NA
3
NA
H.3 24 V DC source This notification for the 24 V DC input source is given at the rear side of the AIS Unit.
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Appendix I Commissioning report
This commissioning report is to be completed after installation and prior to setting-to-work.
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Appendix I Commissioning report
Installation
Not OK
OK
TX LED indicator green & amber blink RX LED indicator green & amber blink GPS LED indicator green blink Alarm LED dark (no alarms)
Functionality VHF functionality test (forwarded/reflected) GPS functionality test (no GPS alarm)
Type of cable used Type of VHF antenna Type of GPS antenna
General AIS BS 600/610 Serial number AIS Unit
Serial number AIS module
Sw version
Static Data MMSI number
Network settings
Msg 4 start slots
AIS IP Address
SubNet
Gateway
Comments:
Configuration and test performed by (date/sign)
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Verified by (date/sign)
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©2015
Kongsberg Seatex
Index
24 V CD connector, pinning, 90 24 V CD source, 91 24 V DC option, 69, 90
A accessories, 69 active, 54 active standby, 56 advanced configuration, 60 AIS, 7 AIS system, 15 AIS Unit, 65 AIS Unit dimensions, 23 AIS Unit, data inputs, 27 AIS Unit, data outputs, 26 AIS Unit, dimensions, 68 AIS Unit, environmental specifications, 24 AIS Unit, external interfaces, 25 AIS Unit, installation, 36 AIS Unit, interfaces, 27 AIS Unit, LEDs, 28 AIS Unit, location, 35 AIS Unit, network settings, 57 AIS Unit, power, 24 AIS Unit, product description, 13 AIS Unit, repair, 64 AIS Unit, safety, 26 AIS Unit, settings, 57 alarm system — internal, 30 ALR sentence structure, 51 antenna and cable mounting, 37–38 antenna cable, exchange, 64 antenna care, 62 antenna installation, 37 antenna, exchange, 64 Assigned mode, 61
B BIIT, 7, 30 BS, 7 BSC, 7
C cable installation, 37 changing parameters via WEB interface, 43 channel management, 61 clock corrections, 18 coax cable specifications, 80 coax connector installation, 75
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comment block, 52 commissioning report, 92 components, 12 configuration, 41 configuration methods, 41 configuration with NMEA sentences, 41 configuration with WEB interface, 42 configuration, redundancy, 55 conformity declaration, 72 conformity statement, 73 connecting to WEB interface, 42 contact details, 11 corrections, differential, 53 CTS, 7
D data input, 27 data inputs, AIS Unit, 27 data output, 26 data outputs, AIS Unit, 26 dependent mode, 53 DGNSS, 17 DGNSS system, 17 DGPS, 7 differential corrections, 53 dimensions, 23, 67 dimensions, AIS Unit, 23, 68 dimensions, GNSS antenna, 23 dimensions, VHF antenna, 24 disposal, 10 drawings, 67
E ECDIS, 7 ECS, 7 EGNOS, 7, 19–20 electrical installation, 39 EMC, 7 environmental specifications, 24 environmental specifications, AIS Unit, 24 environmental specifications, GNSS antenna, 25 environmental specifications, VHF antenna, 25 equipment handling, 11 Ethernet connection, 28 exchange, antenna, 64 exchange, antenna cable, 64
external interfaces, 25 external interfaces, AIS Unit, 25
F FPGA, 7 frequencies, GNSS antenna, 26 frequencies, GNSS receiver, 26 frequencies, VHF antenna, 26 frequencies, VHF receiver, 26 front panel of AIS Unit, 27
G GAGAN, 19–20 geo satellite, 20 getting started, 57 GLONASS system, 16 GNSS, 17 GNSS antenna location, 31–32 GNSS antenna, dimensions, 23 GNSS antenna, environmental specifications, 25 GNSS antenna, frequencies, 26 GNSS antenna, hazardous locations, 35 GNSS antenna, installation, 37–38 GNSS antenna, power, 24 GNSS antenna, product description, 14 GNSS antenna, specifications, 84 GNSS receiver, frequencies, 26 GNSS system, 16 GPS, 7 GPS sentences, output on PI, 56 GPS system, 16 guarantee, restrictions, 9
H handling, 11 hazardous locations, 35 Help function, WEB interface, 43 hot standby, 54, 56 HWP, 7
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I IALA, 7 IEC, 7 IMO, 7 independent mode, 53 INFO sentence structure, 49 installation, 31 installation, AIS Unit, 36 installation, coax connector, 75 installation, GNSS antenna, 37–38 installation, power amplifier, 36 installation, power supply in cabinet, 36 installation, spare AIS unit, 65 installation, VHF antenna, 38 interfaces, 25 interfaces, AIS Unit, 27 interference, 34 internal alarm system, 30 IP address, 44
L LED, 7, 28 LEDs, AIS Unit, 28 LGND, 7 license, radio frequency, 10 lightning arrestor, specifications, 88–89 LNA, 7 location, AIS Unit, 35 location, GNSS antenna, 31–32 location, power amplifier, 35 location, VHF antenna, 35
NMEA sentences configuration, 41 notation, 9
O orbit corrections, 18 output on PI, GPS sentences, 56 output problems, 66
P parts list, 69 PGND, 7 PI, 7 PI sentences, 47 pin layout com ports, 28 pinning, 24 V CD connector, 90 position source, 58 power amplifier, installation, 36 power amplifier, location, 35 power specifications, 24 power supply, installation in cabinet, 36 power, AIS Unit, 24 power, GNSS antenna, 24 power, missing, 65 power, VHF antenna, 24 PPS, 7 PRN, 7, 20 product description, 12 product description, AIS Unit, 13 product description, GNSS antenna, 14 PSS, 7
M maintenance, 62 masking, 32 mechanical drawings, 67 message types, 45 MIB, 7 MKD, 7 MMSI, 58 modes, 54 MSAS, 19–20 multipath, 33
N NDS, 7 network settings, AIS Unit, 57 NMEA, 7 NMEA sentences, 47
96
Q QA, 7
R radio frequencies, 26 radio frequency license, 10 radio traffic management, 61 RDP, 7 rear panel of AIS Unit, 27 reconfigure IP address, WEB interface, 44 reduncancy, 28 redundancy configuration, 55 redundant Base Station, 54 references, 71
repair, AIS Unit, 64 repairs, 63 reporting rate, 58 restrictions in use, 10 review changes, 43 RG-214 specifications, 81 RTCM, 8, 17 RTS, 7
S SA, 8 safety, 26 safety, AIS Unit, 26 SBAS, 8 SBAS system, 19 serial number, AIS module, 59 serial number, AIS Unit, 59 serial ports, 28 service, 28 settings, AIS Unit, 57 signal distribution, 20 SNMP, 8, 30 SNR, 8 software update, 63 software update, WEB interface, 44 SOTDMA, 8 spare AIS Unit, installation, 65 spares, 65 specifications, coax cable, 80 specifications, GNSS antenna, 84 specifications, lightning arrestor, 88–89 specifications, RG-214, 81 specifications, VHF antenna, 86 SPS, 8 SRRD, 8 standalone, 54 status information, 59 STXAIS sentence structure, 51 support information, 11 SW, 8 system components, 12 system performance, 23 system status, 65
T tag block, 52 TDMA, 8 technical specifications, 23 troubleshooting, 65
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Index
turn on AIS Unit, 57
U UI, 8 unique identifier, 58 update, software, 63 UTM, 8
V VDL, 8 VDL messages, 45 VDM sentence structure, 51 VHF, 8, 21 VHF antenna, 38 VHF antenna, dimensions, 24 VHF antenna, environmental specifications, 25 VHF antenna, frequencies, 26 VHF antenna, installation, 38 VHF antenna, location, 35 VHF antenna, power, 24 VHF antenna, specifications, 86 VHF channels, 58 VHF in AIS systems, 21 VHF receiver, frequencies, 26
W WAAS, 8, 19 WEB interface configuration, 42 WEB interface, changing parameters, 43 WEB interface, connecting to, 42 WEB interface, Help function, 43 WEB interface, reconfigure IP address, 44 WEB interface, software update, 44 WEEE, 8 WGS84, 8
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© Kongsberg Seatex AS
