Instruction Manual

Transcript

AMM10 INSTRUCTION MANUAL _c'-~ ~-~ ,~ . ~ ~.~~~~ ~\\'~ 0 ~ I '\ ~ - ,', , l 'j , ': I ~-""'n"'~.s _I]'\~ A-- ~ ~-.~ill--j-- ~ ~CIII..,~;~~j;~~~d~~~~:~tn"'A .c:J~~~~G 0 1. Introduction II - V ~ 0 \\ ~ , ~.@I ~ ft\ ~ ~ ~=~~ Ilt\ 1111A (@)~~ NOTE Thismeterhasbeendesigned andtestedaccording to lEG Publication348,SafetyRequirements for ElectronicMeasuring Apparatus. IEG-1 01 0(EN61 01 0) and other safety standardsFollowall warningto ensuresafeoperation. WARNING READ "SAFETY NOTES" (NEXT PAGE) BEFORE USING THE METER. ~ BLACK RED~ (1) Indicator Zero (8) Indicator Pointer Corrector (2) R S I t (9) Rear Case Bolt ange e ec or Switch Knob (10) Rear Case (3) Measuring Terminal + (11) Stand (4) Measuring Terminal - (12) Connector For COM (Common) hFETest (5) 0 t t T . I (13) Connection Pin u pu ermlna To Tester (6) On Adjusting (14) Transistor Base Knob Clip (7) Panel (15) Transistor Collector Clip - 1- 2. Safety Notes 3. Feature 8 Read the following safety information carefully 8 ') before attemptingto operateor service the meter. Usethe meter only as specified in this manual; otherwise the protection provided by the meter may be impaired. 8 Rated environmental conditions: (1). Indoor use. (2). Installation Category II . (3). Pollution Degree2. (4). Altitude up to 2000 Meter. (5). RelativeHumidity 80%Max. (6). Ambient Temperature 0-40 DC. 8 Observe the International Electrical Symbols listed below. f"5l Meter is protected throughout by double ~ insulation or reinforced insulation. & 8 Easy to read 3-color scale...for mistake proof reading. 8 Mirror scale...makesreading pointer easy. . 8 Safety fused...on all ranges. 8 Diode protected meter...prevents damage due to overload. 8 Safety features...safety fused, safety "OFF" position. 8 hFEand db measurement. 8 With stand...makes reading and measuring easy. 8 Packaging...packed completely with AL-27 test leads, hFEleads, Fuse, instruction manual. Warning! Risk of electric shock. m II:.. Caution! Refer to this manual before using the meter. ~ Alternating current ;-;-; Direct current -2- -3- 4. Specification Internalbatteries:UM-3 X 2, 006P X 1 AF Output (dB) Range: -10dB- +22dB(for10VAC)-+62dB . . 1. As a circuit tester OdB/0.775V(1mW through 6000 ) Accuracy at FDS : :1:4% Output terminal: 9KQ/V I DC Voltage (DCV) Ranges: 0-0.1-0.5-2.5-10-50-250-1000-25kV Accuracy at FSD : :1:3% Sensitivity: 20K Q/V Extension: 25KV (with HV probe extra) AC Voltage (ACV) Range: 0-10-50-250-1000V Accuracy at FSD : :1:4% Sensitivity: 9K Q/V Decibelmeter : 30Hz 50KHz :l:1dB 50Hz 20KHz :1:3% ( 50V or less) 2. As a transistor tester Leakage Current (ICEO) Range: 0-150uA at X1k range 0-1.5mA at X100 range 0-15mA at X10 range 0-150mA at X1 range Accuracy at FDS : :1:5% Current across terminals DC Current Amplification Factor (hFE): Range: 0-1000 at 10 range (lc/IBC) Accuracy at FDS : :1:3%With connector extra - DC Current (DCA) Range: 0-50uA- 2.5mA-25mA- 0.25A 50uA at 0.1VDC position Accuracy at FDS : :1:3% Voltage drop: 250mV ( 100mV for 50uA) Resistance (0) Range: X1, X10, X100, X1K, X10K Size and Weight: 150(L)X100(W)X36(D)mm, about 300 g Accessories: 5.241X 20 spare fuse (250V/0.5) is supplied, Test lead, 1 pair. Optional accessories: TR. connector (HFE-6) HV probe (HIV-10), Carrying Case. l Minimum 0.2, 2, 20, 200, 200KO Midscale 20, 200, 2K, 20K, 200KO Maximum 2K, 20K, 200K, 2M, 20MO Accuracy at FDS : :1:3% -4- -5~ - L. notations (50uA-0.25A) indicates the maximum 5. Measurin g Method S current readingfor that range.(uA=101\-3 mA and A=101\3mA) (4) Resistance(0) Resistanceis measured,and line and circuit continuity(00 or 00) tested. Eachof 4 the rangenotat- As a circuit tester . Zerocorrection of indicator. Zero corrector 0 is adjusted to place the pointer 0 on 0 of the scale left. It need not be repeated at each measurement, but the position of the pointer on zero ions indicates the multiplication of the reading for that range, where K stands for 1000. must be confirmed before starting measurement. . Measurement ranges and scale reading . Test lead connections The test leads attached are inserted well down; the red lead going to the + jack and the black lead to the -COM jack. . Selection of range When selecting a range, the white mark on the knob is correctly positioned at the prescribed range. (1) DC Voltage (DCV) DC voltage of batteries, amplifier circuit, power source of communication equipment, tube and transistor circuit biases, etc. are measured. Each of the 7 range notations (0.1-100) indicates the maximum voltage reading for that range. (2) AC Voltage (ACV) Voltages of commercial AC supply, AC powered circuits, AF-signal level, etc. are measured. Each of the 4 range notations (10 -1000) indicates the maximum voltage reading for that range. (3) DC Current (DCA) Current consumption of DC power operated equipment, circuits, etc.bias are measured. current of tube Eachtransistor of the 4 range Scalemark Measurement .0.(black) Resistance Scale reading x1 range directly reads 0.2.o.-2k.o.. For x10, x100,x1k and x10k ranges,multiply readingsby the multipliers. Mirror DCV.A (black) -6- For accuracyreading, the pointer itself and its imagein the mirror must be lined up. DCvoltage and current -7- - 0-10,0-50and 0-250 lines each reading 0-10V, 0-50V and 0-250V fs. 0.1V, 0.5V, 2.5V and 1000V are read multiplied. F~r current, 0 -250(A) line reads 0-0.25A, 0-25mA and 0-25mA and 0-2.5mA, 0-50uA is read on 0-50 line, ACV(red) AC voltage LV(blue) Voltage across terminals Reads reverse DC voltage of 3V-0 h' l . w I e measuring . resls ta nce; x 1k through x1. dB(red) AF output -10-+22 dB for 10V AC range. OdB is . established at 0.775V (1mW throuh 6000) ~B=201091~ 0.775V Common scale with DCV reads 0-250V, 0-50V and 0-10V directly: For 0-1000 V: multiply the reading on 0-10 line. hFE(bl ) ue "" c I.f. . amp I Icatlon factor J\. x 0) range. LEAK,lcEO, Reverse leak- Reads current flow LI(blue) age current of transistors across + and COM while measuring resistance,x10 range reading 0-15mA. Emitter and collector connected instead read ICEO. 0-150uA for x1k and 0-150mA for x10k ranges. -8- BUZZER Extra connector reads 1O( 0-1000 on Continuity Built Buzzersounds h . ta ' w en resls nce IS Iess than 20O. . Differencebetweenvoltageandcurrent - j measurements Fig. 1-A is a standard voltage measurement,where the potential difference between 2 points is checked, for which the meter is connected in parallel with load, while -B checks the current supplied by power and consumed by load, where the meter is connected in series with the circuit. Basically, the difference is whether the meter is connected in parallel or in series with load. The latter connection accompanies the trouble of cutting open the circuit being checked. -9- ru ~ A v, .. " .. LOAD ".'0 -- B . '0 .. z...oo -, .. -l (JOVRANGE) " ...z..c& ""O LOAD "'-" . .. ,, _OVALlE U 1.77 -COM In respect of measurement loss, the bigger the impedance of the meter (ZM)is, the smaller is the current (1M)required for measurement for the former, and, on the contrary, the smaller for impedance of the meter is, the voltage loss (drop) by ILX ZM.(IL-current consummation) FIg. . 2 better. There are 2 instance of voltage measurement by parallel connection. In case of Fig. 1-A, there exists no high impedance corresponding to RAof Fig. 2. Power supply source has its own internal resistance,but it . Consequently, the meter reads 3.77 V against the actual4V resulting in some error. Therefore, when measuring such a circuit, where R is usually replaced with a tube or a transistor, the circuit impedance and internal resistance of the voltage range of the tester used for measurement must be referred to each other in reading the data obtained. In Fig. 2, the circuit impedance is about 1/10 of the impedance of the tester, and reading error of within -5% can be ignored, though the bigger the internal impedance of a tester, the . Voltage measurementand internal impedance ! .-. .. ,",'OVRANGE Fig.1 Ii .. DOl R."DMX"'U'-U -U I is so small as can be ignored for voltage measurement, and the loss of current consumption by a tester is practically nil the meter reading Ep. But, as can be note in Fig. 2, the circuit condition changes on account of RApresent and 200KO of the tester connected in parallel for measurement. The high impedance of 20 K!:W for DCV and 9 K!:W for ACV of this instrument displays its full ability in the voltage measurement of high impedance voltage amplifying circuit, ACV, AGC and transistor bias circuit to obtain high accuracy data. Fig. 3 above is a sample measurement of a transistor circuit. It will be useful for trouble-shooting and discrimination of the type of the transistor used if you are acquainted in advance with the proper use of NPN and PNP transistors and the fact that Ge type shows low VSE and Si type high VSE. - 10 - - 11 --- I and + terminals to cut off DC element present on the circuit to read AC signal alone on the meter. " Besideschecking AF output voltage, this terminal is availableto detect signals i.nTV servicing. For inst- ;i ~ I : J ance, the AC 50V range IS detected theamplifying presence of the on horizontal signal on the horizontal C 1 I Fig. 3 ' . Resistance measurement andon adjustment Resistance measurement is powered by internal batteries. They wear by use resulting in reading error of the measured value. For correct reading of resistance, the sensitivity of the indicator must be adjusted according to the voltage supplied by batteries. This is what is called O-ohm adjustment for the indicator to read on at full scale. It is adjusted in the following way: . Use of Hv probe for TV servicing 25 KV HV probe is available extra. It is connected as shown in Fig. 4 placing the range selector switch at the position marked PROBE. The DCV 0-250 scale is used reading 25 KV at full scale. This probe can only be used for measurement of high impedance circuit voltage like the anode and focusing voltages of a CRT for television use. :=:- circuit and, similarly, the presence of the input signal on the synchronous detaching and synchronous amplifying circuits. 0 1 II~ Fig.4 II I ii ,I ADJ '-'=-- @ -=-J Fig. 5 The negative lead is connected as usual to the -COM As shown in Fig. 5, the range selector is placed at the range being used.With the + and COM terminals shorted together, the pointer movin~ toward and the positive lead to the OUTPUTterminal. A condenseris interconnectedin series with the OUTPUT - 12 - on is adjusted by turning on ADJto the right or left in order to place it exactly on 0 of the scale right. - 13 - - . ACVmeasurementon OUTPUTterminal - The pointer must be adjusted each time the range is mo.ved... (1) Polarity of termInals for resistance measurement As shown in Fig. 6, the polarity of terminals is reversed for resistance measurement, the + jack being in negative and -COM jack in positive pote- ntial, the battery terminals being inverted in the Sw.position \ meter. It must be remembered when testing polarized resistance like So transistors and diodes (junction type), etc. must it be when testing the 0 Max. current consumption Max.voltage across terminals x1 x10 x100 150mA 15mA 1.5mA 3V 3V 3V x1k x 10k 150uA 3V (60uA) (12V) I leakage of electrolytic capacitors. 0 (t) L1 ,LV. 0 I l i i I . dB scale .: dB (decibel)is measuredin the sameway as ACV ,-: -COM 1 ADJ measurement reading the dB scale instead. Because the human ear is analogous to logarithmic t variation, the input/output Fig. 6 transistor ratio of an amplifier and circuit is expressed by logarithmic value dB to save complicated calculation. For a coupled circuit of a definite impedance, power can be compared by simply expressing the voltage (current) ratio by dB. The dB scale provided is graduated to read from OdB to +22 dB on the reference of OdB at 0.775 V which is the voltage when 1mW is dissipated across 6000. Most frequently, the input and output circuit impedances of audio amplifiers are not necessarily standardized for 6000, and the dB values measured by a tester are nothing but voltage values read in dB corresponding to them. However, when comparing AF voltage levels by dB, the scale provided will surely save the trouble of making complicated calculation - 15 - (2) Current consumption in resistance measurement Subject to the unit being tested, its impedance changes while measuring resistance on account of the current flowing in the unit, or the voltage it is impressed with. Some abnormal state may be recognized due to selfheating. It must be well noted for each range used when, for instance, measuring the DC resistance of a thin-wire coil and a bulk-type semiconductor like a thermistor. The LI and LV scales provided check current consumption and voltage load very effectively in these measurements. - 14 ~i when it is necessary to convert them into dB values. (1) dB measurement on 50V, 250V and 1000V ranges For measurement on the 10V range, the dB scale (-10dB-+22dB) is read directly, but, when measured on the 50V range, 14dB is added. On the 250V range, 28dB is added to the reading on the scale, Represented electrically, Fig. 7 may otherwise be as Fig. 8 where the section on the right of the N and P terminals enclosed in the dotted line corresponds to the internal circuit of the tester. I and on the 1000V range, 40dB added. ICEO! c ~ '~-- Thus, the maximum dB readable is 22+40=62{dB) LEAK measuredon the 1000Vrange. NPN-TR E ~ range for transis- . k:EO tor tests, and so the pointer must be exactly adjusted ~~~ ~~ 0"1 p@ + -~ 1... @ N'" ~ c r _TR -16 - . goes beyond It the zone coming .' near to the full scale, the TR is definitely defective. + (7) Leakage r --TR C the ICEO scale, the TR tested is passable but if 0'. ~ Fig. 7 '-' i P'' (6) If the reading falls within the red LEAK zone of p@ E E ! for a large-size one. 0 -~ I... !! (3) In Fig. 8, the current flowing across the P and N terminals is IcEo(reverse leakage current) of the TR, and the quantity of the leakage current is read on the LEAK scale in mA. (4) For a Si TR, this current is too small to read. (5) There will be some leakage current read even for a good quality Ge TR, though there is some difference subject to its type. It will be 0.1mA -2mA for a small- and medium-size TR, and 1mA-5mA B. 0 ~::~c~ @ N . ! FIg. 8 to zero before connecting a transistor for measurement, for which the P and N terminals are shorted together and the pointer is adjusted by 0.0. ADJ. . Measurement of IcEo(leakage current) (1) A small-size TR ( hereinafter a transistor is referred to as TR) is checked on the X10.o. (15mA) range, and a large-size TR on the X 10 range. (2) An NPN TR is connected as shown in Fig. 7-A, and a PNP TR, in Fig. 7-B. A. M + IV =- B °,/("", As transistor tester . This Preliminaries instrument uses its resistance i N: L current is little to do with voltage showing constant current characteristic -' value but it is a great deal subject to temperature. Be aware of temperature rise while testing; it reads twice as much for +10 DC. - 17.- . Measurement of hFE(DC amplification factor) 0-1000. (1) Besides reverse leakage current, the amplification degree of a TR kinetically measured also determines the quality of a TR on a very simple own in Fig. 9, there flows IcEo.A certain resis- @ tance (R) connectedacross the N terminal and ~ I 1_- (2) Extra connector 0 0 @ p@ - .~ c in so much current inc- rease and higher reading of the meter. The quantity of the current change can be scaled out as hFEon the meter to read the amplification degree. tR 1- - ~. determined by R. For a good TR, Ic X hFEis led resulting p@ .~ the base of the TR causesthe current IAto flow to the collector 0 0 c . _m __m~. Fig. 10 (3) The clips of the connector are connected to the collector and base, and the lead from the other terminal of the tester, to the emitter. (4) For a good TR, there will be a big difference of reading between (1)and ('})of Fig.11. In (1),when IB= 0 and with base open, only a little IcEois read, and in ('}),IBflows and Ic changes reading an increased value by 18X hFE. ~:J -(I.'hFE)"'C \@ '" '" @ hF"~ 0. ~ t;ig. 9 for hFEmeasurement (j) / The connector is connected either to the N or P terminal subject to the polarity of the TR. To the other P or N terminal unemployedis connected the emitter of the TR. The rangeswitch is set for X 10. - 18 - @~ ~ ~ ~. - 19 --- a.t. ~ 0, Fig. 11 For a faulty TR : (a) No reading at all for the connection ~; (b) No difference of reading between (1)and~; (c) For the (1),reading goes beyond the hFEscale and near to full scale. (5) Under the condition of Fig. 11-~, reading is noted (2) IFreads high close to full scale, and IRvery low practically no current flowing. (3) While measuring IF,the LV scale reads the linear (forward) voltage of the diode tested. For a Ge I on the blue hFEscale. The value read is IcllBwhich is the DC amplification degree of the TR tested. (6) Speaking exactly of aGe TR, leakage current always flows to the collector resulting in so much reading error. Therefore, true value is obtained by deducting from hFEthe value corresponding to ICEO read. . Measurement of diode including LED (1) The connections of Fig. 12 read IF(forward current) or IR(reverse current) on the LI scale provided. For the 1K range, the scale reads 0 -150uA, for the X10 range 0-15mA, and for the X 1 range 0-150mA. L diode, it is usually 0.5-0.8V. 0.1-0.2V, and for IF» I L__R R I \' \ IF ~ 14 \ _.\ diode, (4) The forward voltage of LED is generally more than 1.5V, while average testers will fail to check it by the connections of Fig. 12 to measure IF; it is impossible to have light emitted. The 3-volt internal battery layout of the instrument effectively checks it on the X 1 range. While light is being emitted, the LI scale reads the current IF,and the LV scale the forward voltage VF. I" / Si Fig. 12 - 20 - - 21 --- 6. Maintenance 8 Battery replacement (1) If 00 adjustment is impossible in X10 range, the two internal1.5V (UM-3, SUM-3, or R6) batteries have worn out. Replace them with fresh ones. (2) If 00 adjustment is impossible only in X10KO range, re~lace the internal 9V (006P or 6F22) battery with a new one. 8 Arrangement of Parts D ~~E~~ (3) To replacethe batteries,open the rear case after ()@1.5V removal of the screw (4mm dia X 12 mm ) and B2 insert them into the battery compartmentcorrect- ~~:E ~r:~r 0 rIJ ~ @ 0 ~ I Iy, taking note of their polarities. .' I 8 Fuse replacement (1) The internal fuse is blown if power voltage of AC -@-M--@- g~ 100Vor more is inadvertentlyapplied to the tester with the rangeselector knob left set to current ,,$ ranges, especially to 0.25 A range, or to X10 ,,~ $~B- as range. .. (2) When the fuse is blown, the tester fails to work. Replace it with the spare fuse (5.2mm dia X 20mm, [)-8- -@- -fIB-@" -fB- ~-@-c.!L OW-- $-@-T M+ -@-@-@--fB--fB- 250V/0.5A). Refer to Fig. 13 for its position. -@>--@- Fig. 13 - 22- - 23L.- . List of major parts RS . . R1 R3 D .. escrlptlon R . 100 eslstor x R . t . esls or series Resistor 5k.o. 0.5VDC multi lier R4 Resistor(40k.o.),2.5VDC multiplier R23 Resistor(190k.o.), .0.x10k series R5 Resistor (150k.o.),10VDC multiplier R24 Resistor 15k.o., shunt R6 Resistor (SOOk.o.), 50VDC multiplier R25 YR. (10k.o.),0.0.adjuster R7 Resistor (4M.o.),250VDC multiplier R26 Resistor (2.0Sk.o.),.0.x100 shunt RS Resistor (15M.o.),1000VDC multi lier R27 Resistor (0.0.),multiplier R9 Resistor (3k.o.),series D1,D2 Silicon diode for ACV R10 Resistor (102.0.),2.5mADC shunt D3,D4 Silicon diode for protection R11 Resistor C1 Capacitor 473 for OUTPUT C2 Capacitor 403 R2 I' unt R19 Resistor (44k.o.),.0.series R20 Resistor (1S.o.),.0.x1 shunt R21 Resistor (200.0.),.0.x10 shunt R22 Resistor(330.3k.o.), .0.x1k shunt R13 Resistor (75k.o.),10VAC multiplier B1 Battery 1.5V (UM-3 or R6) 2 required R14 Resistor (320k.o.),50VAC multiplier B2 Battery 9V (006P or 6F22) R15 Resistor (1.6M.o.),250VAC multiplier F Fuse (250V/0.4A) size 5.20 x 20mm R16 Resistor (6M.o.),1000VAC multiplier SW Range selector switch R17 Resistor (24k.o.),shunt M Meter movement (44uA/2000.o.abt.) R1S Resistor (2k.o.),diode series - 24 - - 25 --- Rear case Terminal jack, 40, 3 required Range selector switch knob RS on ad b Test I air ,Reference Symbol . Cleaning andStorage: WARNING avoid electrical shock or damageto the meter, do not get water inside the case. To Periodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and detergent; do not use abrasives or solvents. If the meter is not to be used for periods of longer than 60 days, remove the batteries and store them separately. - 26- ",."C ""c; 'c )\""'~ !f~iC'.J",,1~- ;