Transcript
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations
Thesis and Dissertation Collection
1985
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Weidert, Margaretmary Torelli http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21388 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun
DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTERFY. CALIFORMIA 93943
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California
THESIS INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) by
Margaretmary Tore Hi Weidert June, 19
Thesis Advisor:
85
C.
R.
Jones
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3.
5.
Integrated Services Digital Network
AUTHORr*;
TYPE OF REPORT
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PERIOD COVERED
Master' s Thesis June, 19 8 5
(ISDN)
7.
RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
6.
PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
8.
CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMSERC*)
Margaretmary Tore Hi Weidert ^LCDR, USN 9.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA a WORK UNIT NUMBERS
10.
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93943-5100 II.
CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
t4.
June,
Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93943-5100
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neceeaary and Identity by block number)
II
Integrated Services Digital Network, ISDN, Integrated Digital Network, IDN, Information Network System, INS
20.
ABSTRACT
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neceaaary and Identity by block number)
This thesis contains development of a conceptual framework for an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and relates ISDN concepts to non-tactical Department of Defense (DoD) communications applications. The conceptual framework developed is non-technical and is intended to provide general management with an introduction to the ISDN. An existing model communications system, Japan's Information Network System (INS), which exhibits characteristics of ISDN, is also discussed in
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terms of the conceptual framework developed. 'General ISDN concepts -.re also related to DoD applications. The Defense Data Network (DDN) is presented as a candidate network on which a potential military ISDN could be based.
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Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) by
Margaretmary Torel 1 i Weidert Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy B.E.A., University o-F Delaware, 1972
Submitted in partial -fulfillment requirements -for the degree
o-f
the
o-f
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT -from
the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 1985
>,/?3^
ABSTRACT This
thesis
contains
development
of
a
conceptual
framework for an Integrated Services Digital Network and
relates
ISDN
concepts
to
non-tactical Department of
Defense (DoD) communications applications. framework
developed
is
(ISDN)
non-technical
and
The
conceptual
is intended to
provide general management with an introduction to the ISDN. An existing model communications system,
Network System ISDN,
(INS),
which
exhibits
Japan's Information
characteristics
of
is also discussed in terms of the conceptual framework
developed.
General
applications.
The
ISDN concepts Are also
to
DoD
Defense Data Network (DDN) is presented
as a candidate network on which a
could be based.
related
potential
military
ISDN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
INTRODUCTION
11
A.
PURPOSE
11
B.
BACKGROUND
11
C.
METHODOLOGY
12
D.
SCOPE
13
E.
THESIS ORGANIZATION
13
EVOLUTION TOWARD AN ISDN
15
A.
BACKGROUND
15
B.
KEY OBJECTIVES AND ATTRIBUTES OF ISDN
16
C.
CCITT INVOLVEMENT IN ISDN
18
D.
POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL ISSUES
19
E.
SUMMARY
21
ISDN SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES
22
A.
PURPOSE
22
B.
DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES
22
C.
MEDIA
23
D.
SWITCHING
25
E.
DIGITAL PIPE
25
F.
OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION (OS I) MODEI
26
G.
INTEGRATED DIGITAL NETWORK (IDN)
27
H.
SUMMARY
29
ISDN SYSTEM COMPONENTS A.
PURPOSE
30
30
V.
VI
VII.
B.
CARRIERS
30
C.
EQUIPMENT
32
D.
USERS
34
E.
SUMMARY
34
ISDN FEATURES
36
A.
PURPOSE
36
B.
STANDARD I Z AT I ON
36
C.
RELIABILITY
37
D.
TRANSPARENCY
38
E.
ECONOMY
38
F.
CONVENIENCE
39
G.
SECURITY
39
H.
TRANSITION
40
I.
OPERATION
41
MODEL NETWORK
44
A.
PURPOSE
44
B.
INS DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES.
44
C.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
44
D.
SUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES
47
E.
COMPARISON WITH ISDN CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK...
48
F
SUMMARY
50
ISDN CONSIDERATIONS FOR DOD
51
A.
INTRODUCTION
51
B.
ISDN FEATURES APPLIED TO DOD
51
C.
CONCEPTUAL MILITARY ISDN
54
C.
SUMMARY
56
VIII.
UNRESOLVED ISSUES AND SUMMARY
57
A.
INTRODUCTION
B.
STANDARD I Z AT I ON ISSUES
C.
ECONOMIC AND TARIFF ISSUES
58
D.
SUMMARY
61
LIST OF REFERENCES
62
BIBLIOGRAPHY
65
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST
69
57 .
57
LIST OF FIGURES 3—1
ISDN Channel Structure Con-figurations
24
3-2
Conceptual View
26»
3-3
Transmission and Switching in Nonintegrated and Integrated Networks
28
5-1
Basic ISDN Con-figuration
43
6-1
INS Model System Con-figuration
46
8—1
ISDN in a Noncompetitive Environment
59
8-2
ISDN in a Competitive Environment
60
o-f
ISDN Interconnections
8
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
AT&T
American Telephone and Telegraph
AUTODIN
Automatic Digital Network
AUTOVON
Automated Voice Network
CBX
Computerized Branch Exchange
CCITT
International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee
CPE
Customer Premises Equipment
DDN
De-fense Data Network
DoD
Department
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FDM
Frequency Division Multiplexing
IDN
Integrated Digital Network
INS
In-formation Network System
ITU
International Telecommunications Union
NCTE
Network Channel Terminating Equipment
NTT
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
OS I
Open Systems Interconnection
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
POM
Program Objective Memorandum
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service
TDM
Time Division Multiplexing
o-f
Defense
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS author
The D-f
would like to acknowledge the contributions
the people who played a part in the development
o-f
this
thesi 5. At
Naval Postgraduate School:
and Jack LaPatra,
Pro-fessors Carl R. Jones
ior their support and encouragement.
At National Communications System:
and Mr. Frank McClelland At
home:
-for
husband,
who helped me
through all the many difficulties, with supreme patience;
Mary
C.
Mr.
and
Weidert, my
Christina
A.
Mrs.
Nicholas
parents
Donato,
my
and
Torel
M.
1 i
,
Sr
.
,
mother-i n— 1 aw,
grandmother,
Joe;
loving
and
and Mrs. and
Mrs.
who provided moral
support and many prayers; my brothers, Nic, and his and
Cain
providing information.
wonderful
my
Bob,
Marshall
Mr.
family,
Bob's brother and sister. Bill and Diane; and all
my patient and understanding friends. A special acknowledgment goes to the choir of San Carlos
Cathedral, Monterey, California. wonderful friends that this thesis their
many
It
is to these beloved and is
dedicated.
Through
prayers and good wishes over the long period of
postgraduate school, the degree was finally completed.
10
I.
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE
A.
purpose
The
framework
an Integrated Services Digital Network
-for
relate
and
this thesis is to develop a conceptual
o-f
concepts
ISDN
to
Defense (DoD) communications developed
will
non-tactical
applications.
(ISDN)
Department
o-f
framework
The
be non— technical and is intended
-for
use by
general management as an introduction to the ISDN.
BACKGROUND
B.
The International Telegraph and
Committee
(CCITT)
the
o-f
United
Telephone Nations'
Consultative International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) de-fines ISDN as: "A network evolved -from the telephone network that provides end— to— end digital connectivity to support a wide range o-f services, including voice and non— voice services to which users have access by a limited set o-f standard multipurpose customer inter-faces." CRe-f. 1: p. 27D
Non-voice services include the imagery.
and
text,
Telecommunications parallels
the
ISDN
2:
CRe-f.
and
to
In-formation "a
a
p.
National
Administration
desires
sole supplier for their services."
Recent American Telephone and Telegraph
o-f
(NTIA)
tomorrow...
people
o-f
CRef.
data,
o-f
The
79D
shopping center
CwhoseD success... is based on... the
have
categories
broad
3:
(AT8_- cost for offering data services on the digital telephone network, with virtually no cost or performanct. penalty fr^- voice services already carried on 23 the IDN. " LRef 7: p f-
:
.
The ISDN
is
expected
evolution beyond IDN.
to
the
be
next
As stated by Kostas,
step
in
CRef. 5:
p.
the 123
will be based on the concepts developed for (IDN's), and may telephone Integrated Digital Networks evolve by progressively incorporating additional functions other dedicated and network features, including those of networks such as circui t— swi tchi ng and packet— swi tchi ng for data, so as to provide for existing new services."
_" ISDN's
B.
KEY OBJECTIVES AND ATTRIBUTES OF ISDN The development of a worldwide
efforts
of
organizations, Certain
common
equipment
objectives
various groups
and
these
Stal lings CRef.
10:
p.
of
key
involved
has
governments,
national
many and
ISDN
manufacturing an
ISDN
objectives
the
standards companies.
are shared by the are
listed
by
5^03 as:
essential that a single set of It "Standardization: s ISDN st. i.dards be provii__'d to permit universal access and to permit the development of cost-effective equipment.
16
Transparency: The most important service to be provided This permits users is a transparent transmission service. to develop applications and protocols with the confidence that they will not be a-f-fected by the underlying ISDN.
Separation o-f competitive functions: It must be possible functions that could be provided separate out to competitively as opposed to those that are fundamentally In most countries, the ISDN. part of a single, government— owned entity will provide all services. Some countries desire (in the case of the United States, that certain enhanced services be offered require) competitively (e.g., videotex, electronic mail).... The ISDN should provide Leased and switched services: as switched dedicated poi nt— to— point services as well This will allow the user to optimize his or her services. implementation of switching and routing techniques.
Cost— related tariffs: The price for ISDN service should be related to cost, and independent of the type of data being carried. One type of service should not be in the position of subsidizing othersSmooth migration: The conversion to ISDN will be gradual, and the evolving network must coexist with existing equipment and services. Thus ISDN interfaces should evolve from current interfaces, and provide a migration path for users.
Multiplexed support: In addition to providing low— capacity support to individual users, multiplexed support must be provided to accommodate user-owned CBX Ccomputerized branch exchange! and local network equipment. While as
an
the
objectives stated above should not be considered
all-inclusive
considerations
they
list,
which
are
forming
represent the
the
major
development of the
ISDN.
The CCITT, which serves as the controlling body for ISDN
standards,
attributes:
defines CRef.
the 10:
ISDN p.
5353
17
through
the
following
six
"1. The ISDN is to evolve from the existing telephc.ie which themselves are evolving into integrated networks, digital networks.
New services 2. with compatible connect ions-
introduced the basic
into the ISDN should be 64 Kbps switched digital
The ISDN will require from 10 to 20 3. early 1980' s) for full transition.
years
(from
the
the transition, the ISDN will rely on During ISDN's and internetworking among the national other non-ISDN networks (such as public data networks). 4.
ISDN will contain intelligence for the provision maintenance and system control, and network management.
The
5.
of service features,
The ISDN will use a layered functional set of integrated protocols for the various access arrangements."
6.
These
six
attributes
standards
related
protocols.
CRef.
to 10:
guiding
a^re
signaling, p.
development
the
network
of
interfaces, and
5453
CCITT INVOLVEMENT IN ISDN
C.
The CCITT is one of seven organs
Telecommunications
Union,
of
the
International
an agency of the United Nations-
The CCITT of the operation "attempts to promote and ensure systems... by issuing international telecommunications Recommendations (or standards) for end— to— end performance, interconnection, and maintenance of the world networks for 9: CRef. telephone, telegraph, and data communication." p.
67 D
Fifteen
study
groups review the recommendations over a The recommendation
designated three year period. described
in
detail in NTIA Report 83-138.
A3
18
cycle
CRef. 9:
is
App.
The Digital Networks study group (SG)
coordinating
"principal
CRef.
activities."
quality
operation and
maintenance
IV),
(SG
switching
telephone
p.
areas
Key
547D
standards
ISDN
CCITT
for
the
addressed
by
which influence SG XVIII are telephone
groups
study
other
10:
body
SG XVIII, is
,
service
of
transmission
II),
(SG
data communication networks (SG VII),
signaling
and
(SG
and
XI),
data
communication over the telephone network (SG XVII). the United States CCITT Organization is
In this country,
"advisory to and under the jurisdiction of the Department of State."
CRef.
9:
The U.S. CCITT channels U.S.
70D
p.
interaction with the international CCITT and has functions:
industry
to for
process;"
to
offer
forum
a
"participation
provide
the telecommunications
in
the
standards— making
serve as an "arena for discussion and debate"
"guidance
for
delegates
contributions;"
at the international
meetings;" and to serve as a "pool" of representatives the
private
who
sector
delegation
staff.
"industry,
government
The
can U.S.
be
selected
CCITT
agencies,
user groups, and standards groups."
D.
main
for
prior to "development of U.S. positions and to
four
admits
from
the
U.S.
members
from
for
scientific organizations, CRef.
9:
p.
713
POLITICAL AND TECHNICAL ISSUES There are many
toward ISDN.
issues
associated
with
the
evolution
The issues may be categorized as international 19
and national with
p j1
i
cy-ori ented (political) and
issues in each categoryInternational
CRef. 9:
policy
national sovereignty."
issues arise from the "desire for
which
protection
o-f
and p.
do
conflict
not
regulation
o-f
with
national
sovereignty,
routing and
trade,
policy, and
tari-f-fs-
-fair
CRe-f.
"need
-for
technical issues arise
universal, affordable services."
9:
effect
addressing,
defense
posture,
perceived
quality
discussion.
523
p.
There Ar& some national issues which Ar& unique pro— compet i
t
i
ve
nature
of
business
Competition and deregulation in profit
ownership network
expand
and
and or
control
terminal
of
networks
in
of
technologies, an
serve
ISDN
20
the
to
induce
These issues include
telecommunications
location
to
in the United States.
industry
marketplace.
the
functions, impact of new
multiple
and
service are the primary issues under
of
CRef. 9:
development,
standards
general
scheme
and digitization on
signaling
of
from
Interfacing
the various national networks, necessity of a common for
and
52D On the international scale,
the
international
in
cultural ide tity and
equitable
security
and industrial development, -foreign
competition and market protection
standards
52D
They include national
privacy
survivability,
p.
technical
certain
functions,
intelligence
interconnection
of
structure, the distinction
between basic and enhanced services, and the access.
A
9:
p.
diversity
of
CRe-f.
competitive
market
interconnection
service
user
533
new
technologies
environment.
is
created
Technical
ratings,
networks,
performance
treatment
of technological
user access and management. E.
of
issues
in
a
are
among multiple ISDN's, traffic distribution
specialized
over
type
CRef.
9:
p.
quality
and
of
advances, and
54D
SUMMARY A discussion of the relative performance characteristics
of
analog
and
digital systems was presented as background
for the evolution toward IDN's. of
present
the
ISDN is the 'ultimate goal'
telecommunication
network
evolution.
Objectives and attributes of ISDN were presented.
The
role
CCITT,
the
key organization in the development of
ISDN standards,
was
discussed.
of
the
issues
at
both
international
summar i zed.
21
A
Political and
national
and
technical
levels
were
ISDN SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES
III.
A.
PURPOSE The purpose
services
o-f
an
o-f
this chapter is to describe
supporting
technologies discussed.
Background
ISDN.
the
generalized
A
ISDN
i
n-f
of
various
ormati on
concept
-framework
the
will
the
on
also
be
the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model and integrated digital
networks is presented.
B.
DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES "The ISDN, first o-f all, is not equipment. It is a capability -for providing expanded and advanced services to customers. Equipment will have to be developed so that new communication services can be made available to a broad base of users." CRef. 11: p. 45J
The
existing,
expanded,
and
broadly categorized as either service
is
expanding
to
recognition
primarily include and
advanced services may be
voice
with
telephone,
information
speech
non— voice.
or
retrieval
CRef-
Examples of digital data services are information
alarms, and,
communication.
at
higher CRef.
services voice
using
Non— voice
synthesis.
include digital data, text, and imagery.
transfer,
future
Voice
services
10:
p.
telemetry,
5441
funds
retrieval, mailbox, electronic mail,
data 10:
p.
rates,
544D
high-speed
Although most of these
services already exist, some, such as telemetry and
22
computer
alarms.
upgraded
be
can
digital techniques.
using
CRe-f.
12:
p.
193
Teletex is "a service which
teletex and videotex.
between
communication
12:
Videotex
also
service,
retrieval
facilities."
CRef.
Another
new
printing
and
293
p.
which
terminals
editing,
preparation,
12:
is
system
"a
for the
used
correspondence."
transactional
for
29D
p.
is the image service
facsimile,
Facsimile
second).
allows the transmission and hard copy
which
scanning
provides
"a databank enquiry and
allowing
service,
reproduction of fixed using
are
o-f
provided at 64 Kbps (thousand bits per is
electronic
and
telex
The new services planned ^or public networks include
mail.
CRe-f.
include
services
Existing text
images
(photographic
technique."
otherwise)
or
293
Future
image services such as teleconferencing will require
higher
a
data rates.
C.
CRef.
10:
CRef.
12:
p.
5443
p.
MEDIA The
T-1
Carrier
Digital
System,
commercial use in 1962 by AT&T, is
transmission
system
multiplexing (TDM) digital
.
.
.
at
the
present
with
CRef.
13:
p.
2753
channels are encoded into a bit stream (PCM)
widely
"most
time
CThe Tl carrier3 uses wire
repeaters."
modulation
introduced
and
TDM.
This
for
used
division
pairs
with
Twenty-four speech through
pulse
code
is "used for short-haul
transmission ove p.
distances
o-f
up to 50 miles."
275D
basic
The
channel structure is composed
in-formation channels (called B channels)
channel
signaling
(D
referred to as 2B + reached
channel).
Since
D.
+
analog channel
o-f
4 KHz
one
Kbps
16
basic structure is
consensus
has
types
other
been
not
channel
o-f
For example, primary access uses
a
while hybrid access accommodates an
con-figuration,
D
two 64 Kbps
o-f
and
This
a
standardization,
on
structures may be used. B
13:
CRe-f.
(A channel)
and a digital channel
o-f
either 8 or 16 Kbps (the C channel; a dispute exists between the U.S. and Japan over the bit rate).
Transmission
CRe-f.
10:
p.
5493
line
B-cnannels (64 kb/s) D-channei (16 kb/s) Digital (a)
^^
/'"'^
B-and D-channels
for
ISDN
Digital !
i
Transmission
Hybrid
access
^^.
)
line
Analog voice cnannei C-channel (8 or 16 kb/s)
ISDN access
Analog (b)
Analog and C-channels
Figure 3—1
for
ISDN
(interim)
ISDN Channel Structure Con-figurations
24
Figure 3-1
and
(a)
channel structures.
D-
configurations
displays
(b)
for
ISDN
communications switching.
Each
10:
CRe-f.
549D
p.
SWITCHING There are three types
o-f
has its own advantages and disadvantages
-for
particular
its
communications applications. switching
Message where
system,
uses
store— and—forward
message
message
entire
the
a
stored, then sent to the next node.
received,
is
brie-fly
Dedicated paths
a.re
not
established and the destination address is contained in each message.
10:
CRe-f.
circuit
In
5663
p.
switching,
a
communications path is established. utilizes
circuit
applications CRef.
14:
in
pp.
switching,
blocks of data.
message
digital
networks
telephone
The
There
a.re -for
end—to— end
system
circuit switching
voice
services.
28,32D
packet
In
switching.
dedicated
messages
ar& divided into small
These 'packets' are then "transmitted as in
switching.
Usually,
packet
switching
ef-ficient and rapid than message switching."
CRe-f.
is 10:
more p.
5673
E.
DIGITAL PIPE
Stallings
describes
interface through which will
the a
'digital
pipe'
user can access ISDN.
as the local
Such
pipes
be of different sizes and particular bit rates for the
variety fixed
a
user needs.
o-F
capacity,
but
"The pipe to the user's premises has
traffic
the
on the pipe may be a
variable mix up to the capacity limit." In other words,
a
CRef.
who
services.
p.
539D
residential user may desire only telephone
service, requiring a lower capacity pipe than user,
10:
a
commercial
may require a larger pipe to accommodate several
Figure 3—2 displays a
interconnections.
CRef.
10:
conceptual
pp.
view
of
ISDN
539-40D
Telephone
Data terminal
S^
Local area network
Figure 3-2 F.
Conceptual View of ISDN Interconnections.
OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION (OS I) MODEL International
The (ISO),
in 1977,
structure
or
Organization
established
architecture
tasks between applications
a
Standardization
for
subcommittee
to
develop
a
that defines the communications on
different
computers.
This
recognized the need that before standards could be developed
there must be a common
architecture.
or
As
a
Interconnection (OSI) Reference
Systems
Open
the
result,
structure
Model was created as a "framework for defining standards for
heterogeneous
linking
computers."
open architecture of this
connecting
open
"conforming
to
standards to connect."
Model.
CRef.
3:
10:
p.
The
basis
for
systems
two
associated
the
3863
ISO formally accepted the OSI Reference
the
1982,
In
CRef.
the
and
model
3863
p.
any
allows
and
reference
the
10:
"provides
model
systems"
CRef.
p.
This
643
has
model
widely
been
accepted because it provides both a framework for developing
standards and structure for discussing communications system "Virtually
design.
standards
all
activities
communications are proceeding within OSI model. customers
most
and
compatibility.
private
customers
Government demand
will
The industry must conform."
for
CRef.
10:
OSI p.
3943
G.
INTEGRATED DIGITAL NETWORK (IDN) In
idea
1959,
that
functions
H.E. Vaughan of Bell Laboratories proposed the
digital
could
be
transmission integrated.
introduced the digital T-carrier transmission) 1976.
and
Western
The 4ESS electronic
and
switching
digital
CRef.
system
AT&T
9093
15:
p.
in
1962
(digital
Electric introduced the 4ESS in switch
was
scale, time-division digital switch."
17
the CRef.
"first 2:
p.
large683
Figure
3-3
CRef.
(a)
10:
p.
nonintegrated transmission and signals,
series
a
shows
5393
switching
that
analog
o-f
with
voice
modulationZ-frequency— division
o-f
multiplexing (FDM) and demodulation/demultiplexing processes occur
switching center along the path.
each
at
cost accumulate each time this occurs.
F
Analog
D
D
M
M
switch
(a)
F
Analog switch
CRe-f.
2:
F
F
D
D
M
M
Noise and p.
Analog switch
Nonintegrated
T
T D
D
M P
(b)
703
Digital
Digital
Digital
switch
switch
switch
M P
C
C
M
M
Integrated
Figure 3—3
Transmission and Switching in Nonintegrated and Integrated Networks.
As shown in Figure 3-3 (b)
integrated
network,
are both digital.
digitized
10:
p.
5403,
in
an
the transmission and switching systems
The incoming
analog
voice
using PCM and multiplexed using TDM.
noise increase over
require
CRef.
the
line
since
decoding at each switch. 28
the
signals
are
There is no
signals
do
not
The multiplex/demultiplex
incorporated
Are
functions CRef. 2:
p.
into
the
digital
switch.
703
The integrated network described above operates The next step
is received at a switch.
signal
digitization
the
at
customer
premises,
once
voice is
-for
leading
to
end-to— end switched digital telecommunication network. an
integrated
voice
economical
network
digital
communication,
increasing diversity
o-f
will
but
a
an
Such
provide
not
only
also
will serve the
digital data services.
CRef.
2:
p.
70J
This
IDN
combine
"will
the
geographically extensive telephone carrying
coverage
network
with
capacity of digital data networks."
of
the
the
data
CRef.
10:
The result will be an ISDN, where digitized voice
539D
several
p.
and
types of data traffic are simultaneously carried on
the "same digital transmission links and by the same digital
exchanges." H.
CRef.
7:
p.
2D
SUMMARY Before
describing the ISDN concept, it was necessary to
define the various services which will comprise an ISDN.
It
was also important to provide some background information on the
technologies
framework.
and
Finally,
architecture the
used
to
build
the
IDN development was presented as
the step under development which will be the bridge ISDN.
29
to
the
anticipated
is
It
transmission and digit
produce
an
IDN
for
a
signal
telephony."
CRe-f.
1
decade
switching technologies will
-for
service h:
this
digital -fuse
to
"connections established by digital
where
exchanges will be used
during
that
p.
transmission such 43
30
as
o-f
Cbut
digital not
signals
limited
to3
ISDN SYSTEM COMPONENTS
IV.
A.
PURPOSE
purpose o^ this chapter is to explain the roles and
The
interactions
and
manu-f acturers,
communications
the
of
components
These
users.
equipment
carriers,
have
o-ften
competing demands and will in-fluence the development o^ ISDN standards. B.
CARRIERS Carriers,
telecommunications
or
Since
many
support the concepts
o-f
components
place, most vendors
in
aire
ISDN.
neatly into what is already installed."
the
o-f
-feel
ISDN "will
CRef.
p.
1:
them the opportunity to provide enhancements on p.
l:
-fit
293
Universal
the
lines.
313
February,
In
digital
will tend to favor dumb terminals which will allow
Carriers
CRe-f.
generally
vendors,
1985,
In-formation
Network Systems announced its
ATS C=>
•A.
;=
c|
§ ^
Figure 8-2
<
ISDN in a Competitive Environment.
60
It is
assessed.
presently unknown how
tariffs
be
Some advocates of ISDN support a bit-rate tariff,
where the user charges are based on
connect
than
actually
will
time."
CRef.
10:
"capacity
The NTT INS plan,
5403
p.
rather
used
discussed in Chapter VI, eventually intends to incorporate a The impact of bit-
pricing scheme in its network.
bit— rate
rate pricing for ISDN services has yet to be determined.
|ly SUMMARY There are no true ISDN's in operation today. toward Some
as at different stages in different countries.
ISDN
particularly
countries,
demonstrated There
Evolution
a
Are
Japan
and
Canada,
have
commitment to an evolution toward ISDN.
applications for ISDN within DoD.
potential
Primary benefits to the DoD of
an
reliability,
and
economy.
is possible that an existing
DoD
the
DDN,
system,
features.
It
could
be
include
ISDN
enhanced
with
security,
IDN/ISDN
Future long range plans of the DoD should include
appropriate considerations for IDN and ISDN developments. The future of ISDN will be heavily
acceptance
consensus
of
to
universal be
reached
standards. soon
dependent It
to
upon
is necessary for a
permit
carriers,
manufacturers and users to adapt to the ISDN evolution.
61
the
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ISDN," Telephony .
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