Internet Of Things Communications Within Smart City

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Internet of Things Communications within Smart City Raymond Poon Customer Solutions Architect April 2015 Agenda •  Smart City with IoE •  Smart City IoE use case •  Communication Challenges •  Summary Smart City with IoE Increasingly Everything will be Connected to Everything 50 “Billion 40 30 20 Billions of Devices 50 Smart Objects” Inflection point Rapid Adoption rate of digital infrastructure: 5X faster than electricity and telephony 25 12.5 10 6.8 0 7.2 7.6 Timeline 2010 4 BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2015 Cisco Public 2020 World Population From Internet of Things to The Internet of Everything Networked Connection of People, Process, Data, Things People Process Connecting People in More Relevant, Valuable Ways Delivering the Right Information to the Right Person (or Machine) at the Right Time Data Things Leveraging Data into More Useful Information for Decision Making BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Physical Devices and Objects Connected to the Internet and Each Other for Intelligent Decision Making Cisco Public Connected City Value Chain Example: Smart Parking New Things Connected New Data Flows Process Innovation People Impact !  Parking spaces !  Parking meters !  Space availability !  !  !  !  !  Traffic wardens !  Citizens/drivers !  City planners Pricing Payment Enforcement Finding spaces Value Impact •  •  •  •  Example: City of Nice’s Connected Boulevard BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Increase compliance by 30% City data sales Reduced congestion, time-to-park Dynamic pricing — revenue increase $$ Smart City – where do we want to go ? Factory Optimization Municipal Command & Control Center Cloud & Services Smart Grid Lighting Poles Building Optimization Logistics Optimization Home Energy Mgmnt Traffic Flow Optimization City WiFi INTELLIGENT CITY Parking INTELLIGENT Building Connected Ambulances © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. INTELLIGENT HIGHWAY Automated Intelligent Digital Car System Signage INTELLIGENT Community Traffic Cameras Cisco Confidential 7 Source: Intel Cities Have Traditionally Addressed These Issues in Silos Every city department makes investments independently resulting in: !  No sharing of infrastructure costs and IT resources !  No sharing of intelligence/information, e.g., video feeds, data from sensors, etc. !  Waste and duplication of investment and effort !  Difficulty in scaling infrastructure management Traffic management Public safety City lighting Pollution/ environment Waste management Parking optimisation This fragmented approach is inefficient, has limited effectiveness, and is not economical © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8 HK Airport 3rd Run Way Pearl Delta River Tri Bridge MTR & Rail Revamp & Newline 141B Macau IoT Innovation 133B 110B East Kowloon Smart City District West Kowloon Cultural District 5B 5B 23B BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Smart City IoE Use Cases Street Light Management Concepts Monitoring/Control Applications Smart bulb Smart module Concentrator Individual control and monitoring Control/monitoring protocol over Power Line Communication IEE1901.2 Standard Street Cabinet Street © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Cisco Public 11 Waste Management Concepts Monitoring/Control Applications Field Area Network Fill sensor Temp sensor (fire detection) Street © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Cisco Public 12 Parking Management IoE for Cities Billing/ Transaction Policy/Rules Asset Management Publishing Field Area Network Multi-Service Kiosk ParkPlace Sensor Curb Traffic Flow Sensor Street © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Cisco Public 13 Smart Citizen Wearable Measures Temperature Humidity CO2 NO2 Light Sound Arduino Compatible Wifi Uplink Solar Panel Charger Data sends to Smart Citizen Platform © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Cisco Public 14 Smart Citizen Portal and App © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Cisco Public 15 Smart City Deployment Light Module Wireless Mesh Backhaul Wireless LAN SSID: IoT Sensor Air/Noise Sensor Field Area GW Fog Computing 6LoWPAn @ 900 Mhz Wireless LAN SSID: IoT Display Wireless LAN 802.11a/b/g/n SSID: Internet 6LoWPAn @ 900 Mhz Parking Sensor Street © 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Traffic Flow Sensor Cisco Confidential Cisco Public 16 Smart City Communication Challenges IoT Device Characteristics BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18 Field Area Network (FAN) Wide Area Network Neighborhood Area Network Field Area Network Router BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19 Smart Device Assumptions & Constraints for Protocols BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20 IoT Architectural Philosophy Closed Systems Various Protocols Standardized Networks (Little external interaction) (IP Based/ISO Stack) (Modbus, SCADA, BACnet, LON, HART) Standardized Interfaces (Wireless/Wired) Protocol Gateways (Inherently complex, inefficient and fragmented ) networks Proprietary Networks (Usually layer 2 based) Distributed Intelligence (e.g. Fog Computing) From BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. To Cisco Public 21 Convergence of Applications Business Application #1 Business Application #2 Business Application #3 Business Application #1 Business Application #2 Business Application #3 Converged Application Infrastructure Network #1 Network #2 Network #3 Converged IP-Based Network Device #1 Device #2 Device #3 Device #1 Existing Proprietary Vertical Applications and Networks BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Device #2 Device #3 Converged Network Based on Open Standards and Common Data Models Cisco Public 22 46 million smart meters in the U.S alone 1.1 billion data points (.5TB) per day A single consumer packaged good manufacturing machine generates 13B data samples per day A large offshore field produces 0.75TB of data weekly A large refinery generates 1TB of raw data per day 10TB of data for every 30 minutes of flight With >25,000 flights per day, petabytes daily The World Generates More Than 2 Exabytes of Data Every Day BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Introducing Fog Computing Traditional Computing Model IoT Computing Model (Terminal/Mainframe, Client-Server, Web) Data Center/ Cloud Data Center/ Cloud Latency Assumes Infinite, Bandwidth, 0 Delay Assumes Limited Bandwidth, Variable Delay, and Intermittent Connectivity Resiliency Fog Security Data Grows Faster Than Bandwidth Endpoint BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Assumes Limited Bandwidth, Variable Delay, and Intermittent Connectivity Device Cisco Public 24 Enables Applications At The Network Edge IOx Application Management Application Store Linux / Other OS IOS Distributed Applications IOx SDK Hardened Edge Platforms: Embedded Storage and Compute BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25 IoT Open Standard for Smart City Open Standards IP-based Reference Model Application Layer Web Services, EXI, SOAP, RestFul,HTTPS/CoAP Metering IEC 61968 CIM, ANSI C12.22, DLMS/COSEM,… SCADA IEC 61850, 60870 DNP3/IP, Modbus/TCP,… Transport Layer UDP/TCP Network Layer IPv6/IPv4 IPv6 RPL Mgmt Data Link Layer LLC M A C Physical Layer 6LoWPAN (RFC 6282) DNS, NTP, IPfix/Netflow, SSH RADIUS, AAA, LDAP, SNMP,… (RFC 6272 IP in Smart Grid) Security (DTLS/TLS) Addressing, Routing, Multicast, QoS, Security 802.1x / EAP-TLS & IEEE 802.11i based Access Control IPv6 over PPP IPv6 over Ethernet (RFC 2464) (RFC 5072) IP or Ethernet Convergence SubL. IEEE 802.15.4e MAC enhancements IEEE 802.15.4 including FHSS IEEE 802.15.4g 2.4GHz, 915, 868MHz DSSS, FSK, OFDM IEEE 1901.2 802.15.4 frame format IEEE 1901.2 NB-PLC OFDM IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi IEEE 802.3 Ethernet 2G, 3G, LTE Cellular IEEE 802.16 WiMAX IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi 2.4, 5 GHz, Sub-GHz IEEE 802.3 Ethernet UTP, FO 2G, 3G, LTE Cellular IEEE 802.16 WiMAX 1.x, 3.xGHz •  Open Standards – at all levels to ensure interoperability and reduce technology risk for utilities •  15-20 years lifetime and future proofing – Internet has 25 years lifetime and is continuously evolving BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27 IEEE 802.15.4g •  Smart Utility Networks (SUN) –  Long transmission range (maximum power allowed under regulation) –  High density (>1000 devices within transmission range) –  Geographically widespread (urban and suburban areas) –  Operate worldwide (different frequency bands) BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28 IEEE 802.15.4g/e •  PHY (IEEE 802.15.4g) –  Operating Band: 902-928 MHz –  Number of Channels: 64 –  Channel Spacing: 400 kHz –  Modulation: Binary Frequency Shift Keying –  Baud Rate: 150 baud/sec –  Bit Rate: 75 kbits/sec after Forward Error Correction –  Output Power: 30 dBm •  MAC (IEEE 802.15.4e) –  Information Elements for channel hopping and global time sync –  Enhanced Beacons for network discovery –  Enhanced ACKs for security and link quality estimation BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29 6LowPAN Overview •  Adaptation layer for IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 •  IPv6 datagram fragmentation –  Larger frames " increased Packet Error Rate –  Split datagram across multiple 802.15.4 frames •  IPv6 header compression –  –  –  –  Does not rely on per-flow state Stateless compression (compact forms for redundant and commonly used values) Context compression (compact forms for IPv6 prefixes) Can reduce 48-byte UDP/IPv6 header to 6 bytes IPv6 Header IPv6 Payload 6LowPAN Adaptation 802.15.4 6LowPAN BRKARC-2008 IPv6 Hdr IPv6 Payload (Frag 1) IPv6 Datagram (Frag 2) 802.15.4 6LowPAN © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30 802.15.4 6LowPAN IPv6 Datagram (Frag 3) Wi-SUN Alliance Vision: Drive industry to embrace open standards and interoperability for wireless sensor networks. •  Field Area Network Working Group •  Definition of Wi-SUN profile based on IEEE 802.15.4g standard •  Testing •  Certification •  www.wi-sun.org BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31 •  Certification for products built on the IEEE 1901.2 Low-Frequency, NarrowBand Powerline Communications standard •  Leverages HomePlug’s long established programs & expertise in testing & certifying powerline networking products. •  HomePlug will promote the adoption of Netricity products to foster an ecosystem served by multiple technology vendors. The Netricity™ program is supported by HomePlug Alliance member companies: BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32 Summary Conclusion •  Avoid Silo Development •  Adaption of Open Protocol •  Leverage Open Data •  Remember the constraint of Smart Device and it’s purpose BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34 Recommended reading •  Covers the trends in Smart Objects •  RPL protocol •  Detailed application scenarios •  Written by –  JP Vasseur (Cisco Fellow) –  Adam Dunkels (Inventor of Contiki O/S, uIPv6) BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35 References •  IPv6 FAN architecture white paper –  http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/ip_arch_sg_wp.pdf •  Unified FAN architecture for Distribution Automation white paper –  http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/energy/ida_wp.pdf •  Cisco FAN solution –  www.cisco.com/go/fan BRKARC-2008 © 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36