Ireland - Deaths From Smoking

Transcript

MORTALITY FROM SMOKING IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 1950−2000 (2nd edition, revised June 2006: www.deathsfromsmoking.net) Richard Peto, Alan D Lopez, Jillian Boreham and Michael Thun IRELAND Raw data (pages 236−37, 238−39) Analyses (pages 240−41, 242−43, 244−45) Appendix (pages 246−47) 236 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 IRELAND: 2000 No. of deaths Standardised rates (Source: WHO) (defined overleaf) All ages ALL CAUSES Tuberculosis HIV Other infective and parasitic ALL CANCER Mouth and pharynx cancer Oesophagus cancer Stomach cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Pancreas cancer Larynx cancer Lung cancer Malignant melanoma Female breast cancer Cervix cancer Other uterine cancer Ovarian cancer Prostate cancer Bladder cancer Other and ill−defined cancer sites Hodgkin’s disease Myeloma and non− Hodgkin lymphomas Leukaemia Diabetes ALL VASCULAR DISEASE Rheumatic heart disease and fever Hypertensive disease Ischaemic heart disease Pulmonary embolism and other venous Cerebrovascular disease Other vascular disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Other respiratory disease Peptic ulcer Liver cirrhosis Renal disease Pregnancy, birth Congenital and perinatal causes Ill−defined causes Other medical causes ALL NON− MEDICAL CAUSES Road traffic accidents Fire Suicide Homicide M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F F F F M M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F POPULATION: (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 16192 15199 29 23 − − 88 83 4079 3587 86 40 208 114 212 140 493 411 18 7 181 168 49 6 981 587 32 34 668 65 63 238 541 92 54 799 692 11 13 229 186 147 101 217 195 6449 6217 16 37 106 160 3778 2811 88 108 1116 1622 1345 1479 922 742 1404 1795 83 87 94 56 202 195 1 188 137 100 119 1240 1481 1097 481 302 98 34 13 381 82 30 8 0−34 979 432 − − − − 20 14 61 54 1 2 1 1 − 1 4 2 − − 1 − 1 − 2 − 4 1 3 2 − 4 − − − 31 26 1 5 7 − 8 7 1 2 41 26 − 1 − − 9 4 3 − 6 13 23 8 5 5 12 18 1 − 5 1 3 3 1 164 115 36 23 117 57 513 113 196 49 9 1 185 30 22 5 35−69 All ages 4902 2953 4 1 − − 25 23 1652 1464 53 17 96 27 93 46 205 140 9 5 75 46 29 1 407 222 20 19 391 49 19 111 98 22 10 389 263 7 3 98 73 51 22 83 37 1862 719 7 12 32 18 1235 315 35 29 213 195 340 150 156 106 184 115 28 16 68 33 38 20 − 17 15 9 6 341 263 435 135 83 33 11 5 182 44 8 2 M=male F=female 952.5 625.6 1.7 0.9 − − 5.1 3.9 245.2 173.8 5.3 1.9 12.6 4.9 12.8 6.5 29.7 19.0 1.1 0.4 10.9 7.6 3.0 0.3 59.5 28.7 1.9 1.7 35.1 3.6 2.9 12.2 31.8 5.5 2.2 48.1 33.1 0.7 0.6 13.7 8.8 8.7 4.3 13.0 8.0 383.0 236.9 1.0 1.7 6.3 6.1 225.7 107.4 5.3 4.8 65.5 61.8 79.3 55.1 54.0 29.8 82.0 64.1 4.9 3.4 5.7 3.0 11.9 7.5 0.0 11.0 8.2 5.8 4.7 71.7 60.0 57.7 21.3 14.9 4.9 1.9 0.6 19.9 4.2 1.5 0.4 1888.0 1913.1 (zero denoted by −) 0−34 35−69 93.4 43.6 − − − − 1.9 1.4 5.9 5.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 − 0.1 0.4 0.2 − − 0.1 − 0.1 − 0.2 − 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 − 0.4 − − − 3.0 2.5 0.1 0.5 0.7 − 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.2 4.0 2.6 − 0.1 − − 0.9 0.4 0.3 − 0.5 1.3 2.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.8 0.1 − 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 17.0 12.6 3.7 2.5 11.1 5.6 47.1 10.7 17.7 4.7 0.9 0.1 17.1 2.7 2.1 0.5 1048.4 1013.0 Annual death rates / 100,000 871.4 510.2 0.7 0.2 − − 4.1 3.9 301.9 249.1 9.4 2.9 17.9 4.7 17.5 8.3 38.1 25.8 1.8 0.8 13.2 8.6 5.6 0.2 75.2 39.8 2.7 2.9 62.0 7.4 3.3 18.7 20.1 4.1 1.8 68.6 45.3 1.1 0.5 17.7 12.7 9.0 3.4 16.1 7.0 339.1 129.9 1.3 2.0 6.1 3.3 225.9 59.8 6.2 4.9 38.7 33.6 60.9 26.3 30.0 20.8 34.4 21.1 5.3 2.8 10.9 5.5 7.2 3.7 − 2.6 2.2 1.4 1.1 56.7 43.5 61.0 19.3 10.8 4.9 1.8 0.9 24.2 5.6 0.9 0.2 718.0 724.4 0−4 5−9 169.2 117.3 − − − − 7.3 4.7 2.2 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 1.5 − − − − − 0.7 − − 0.8 1.5 1.6 − − − − − − − − − − 1.5 1.6 0.7 − 2.2 3.9 − − − − 1.5 − − 114.5 80.0 22.6 15.5 11.7 7.8 5.1 3.1 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 − − 1.5 0.8 137.1 128.7 14.6 14.6 − − − − − − 1.5 1.5 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 0.7 0.8 − − − − 0.7 0.8 − − 0.7 0.8 − − − − − − − − − − 0.7 0.8 − 0.8 − 1.5 − − − − − − − 1.5 1.5 − − 2.9 2.3 8.0 6.2 3.7 2.3 − − − − 1.5 0.8 136.7 129.9 10−14 15−19 20−24 25−29 30−34 14.1 15.5 − − − − 0.7 1.4 0.7 3.5 − − − − − − − − − − − − 0.7 − − − − − − − − − − − − − 1.4 − 1.4 − − − 0.7 − − 0.7 0.7 − − − − − − − − − 0.7 0.7 − − − 0.7 0.7 − − − − − − − 1.3 2.1 − − 4.0 2.1 6.0 4.9 2.0 3.5 0.7 − 0.7 − 0.7 − 148.8 142.1 85.5 37.7 − − − − 2.3 2.5 5.3 5.6 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 2.9 3.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 − 1.2 1.2 − − 1.8 − − − − − − − − − 1.2 − 0.6 − 0.6 0.6 − 0.6 − − − − − − − − 1.2 0.6 − 11.1 6.8 63.9 20.4 30.5 10.5 − − 19.9 4.3 2.3 0.6 170.7 161.8 124.0 38.6 − − − − 1.2 1.2 6.7 6.1 − − − − − − 0.6 − − − − − − − − − 0.6 0.6 − − − 0.6 − − − 3.6 2.4 − 0.6 1.2 − 0.6 1.8 − − 3.6 3.1 − 0.6 − − − 0.6 − − 0.6 1.2 3.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.8 0.6 − − − − 0.6 − 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6 13.3 6.7 94.4 16.5 39.3 4.3 1.8 − 30.9 8.6 2.4 0.6 165.3 163.3 112.0 32.5 − − − − 1.3 − 5.8 6.6 − 0.7 − − − − 0.6 − − − − − − − − − 0.6 − − − − 0.7 − − − 3.9 4.6 − 0.7 0.6 − − − 0.6 0.7 7.8 3.3 − − − − 1.3 − − − 1.3 2.0 5.2 1.3 − 0.7 − 1.3 − − 1.3 − − − 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 15.5 5.3 78.4 12.6 26.6 4.0 1.3 − 36.9 5.3 2.6 0.7 154.4 151.0 134.4 49.2 − − − − 0.7 − 19.2 13.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 − 0.7 1.5 1.5 − − 0.7 − − − 1.5 − 1.5 − 2.2 1.5 − 1.5 − − − 8.1 4.4 − − 2.2 − 2.2 − − − 11.8 8.8 − − − − 5.2 2.2 2.2 − 0.7 5.1 3.7 1.5 1.5 0.7 3.7 2.9 − − 2.2 0.7 0.7 1.5 − 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.7 19.2 8.1 73.9 11.0 20.7 7.3 0.7 − 31.0 0.7 3.7 − 135.4 136.2 Ireland June 2006 237 2000: IRELAND Annual death rates / 100,000 9th ICD/10th ICD categories (zero denoted by −) 35−39 40−44 45−49 50−54 55−59 60−64 65−69 144.4 94.4 0.8 − − − − 2.2 19.0 41.0 − − − − − 1.5 0.8 2.9 − − 1.5 0.7 − − 0.8 − 2.3 − 18.3 2.9 0.7 1.5 − − 0.7 10.6 8.0 − − 0.8 2.9 2.3 0.7 0.8 0.7 22.8 11.0 − − 0.8 − 9.9 0.7 − 0.7 4.6 5.9 7.6 3.7 − − 4.6 5.1 0.8 0.7 3.8 1.5 2.3 − − 1.5 1.5 0.8 − 29.6 11.7 57.8 19.0 16.7 5.9 0.8 0.7 27.4 7.3 1.5 0.7 131.6 136.7 223.1 136.7 − − − − 0.8 0.8 55.8 70.7 0.8 0.8 3.9 1.5 4.6 2.3 5.4 2.3 − − 4.6 0.8 − − 6.2 8.4 4.6 3.1 26.1 4.6 − 4.6 − − 0.8 17.0 11.5 − − 5.4 3.8 3.1 − 0.8 − 57.3 27.6 0.8 − 1.5 − 30.2 5.4 0.8 0.8 12.4 15.4 11.6 6.1 3.1 2.3 5.4 1.5 2.3 0.8 8.5 0.8 0.8 − − − − 1.5 0.8 21.7 16.1 65.1 15.4 13.2 2.3 0.8 − 31.0 7.7 2.3 0.8 129.1 130.2 302.5 217.4 − − − − 4.2 0.8 82.4 113.7 2.5 1.7 5.9 0.8 3.4 − 12.7 6.7 0.8 0.8 6.8 0.8 1.7 − 11.9 10.1 0.8 0.8 46.3 8.4 3.4 6.7 − − 0.8 23.8 20.2 2.5 0.8 6.8 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2 2.5 102.8 43.8 − 3.4 2.5 1.7 54.4 16.0 2.5 5.1 17.0 8.4 26.3 9.3 6.8 1.7 6.8 5.9 − 0.8 5.1 1.7 0.8 0.8 − 0.8 3.4 − − 31.4 24.4 56.9 17.7 13.6 4.2 − − 24.6 7.6 1.7 − 117.7 118.7 533.4 329.5 − − − − 5.2 1.8 167.7 184.4 6.1 2.7 9.6 4.5 6.1 2.7 23.5 12.5 − 0.9 4.3 4.5 0.9 − 46.9 27.8 2.6 5.4 59.1 6.3 − 19.7 3.5 6.1 − 44.3 26.0 0.9 − 8.7 6.3 4.3 6.3 6.1 1.8 207.6 62.7 0.9 0.9 − 0.9 147.7 20.6 5.2 0.9 12.2 21.5 41.7 17.9 12.2 4.5 18.2 9.0 1.7 0.9 7.0 7.2 1.7 2.7 − 4.3 1.8 2.6 − 40.8 33.1 58.2 19.7 9.6 2.7 1.7 0.9 28.7 7.2 0.9 − 115.1 111.7 896.0 516.7 1.1 − − − 3.4 4.6 340.6 279.1 16.0 4.6 16.0 4.6 13.7 12.7 28.6 21.9 1.1 1.2 18.3 8.1 6.9 1.2 100.6 43.8 5.7 − 68.1 6.9 2.3 24.2 18.3 − − 86.9 57.7 − 1.2 17.1 17.3 11.4 3.5 13.7 6.9 356.6 122.3 1.1 2.3 3.4 6.9 254.9 40.4 8.0 6.9 34.3 34.6 54.9 31.1 27.4 16.1 25.1 15.0 5.7 4.6 13.7 5.8 6.9 2.3 − 3.4 4.6 − 2.3 42.3 41.5 56.0 11.5 9.1 2.3 2.3 − 17.1 3.5 − − 87.5 86.7 1449.9 839.1 1.3 − − − 5.3 10.7 531.4 441.0 24.0 2.7 25.4 8.0 41.4 13.4 66.8 44.2 2.7 − 22.7 14.7 13.4 − 144.2 69.7 2.7 6.7 109.9 13.4 9.4 37.5 30.7 8.0 4.0 102.8 76.4 1.3 1.3 33.4 26.8 12.0 2.7 22.7 6.7 591.5 199.7 1.3 1.3 12.0 2.7 412.6 104.6 9.3 8.0 66.8 50.9 89.5 32.2 49.4 25.5 61.4 30.8 4.0 2.7 17.4 6.7 10.7 10.7 − 8.0 1.3 1.3 − 73.4 80.4 72.1 22.8 6.7 10.7 5.3 − 29.4 2.7 − − 74.9 74.6 2550.7 1437.7 1.6 1.5 − − 9.7 6.1 916.3 614.0 16.1 7.6 64.4 13.7 53.1 25.8 128.8 89.7 8.1 3.0 33.8 30.4 16.1 − 215.8 118.5 − 4.6 106.4 9.1 7.6 36.5 88.6 14.5 6.1 194.8 117.0 3.2 − 51.5 30.4 27.4 7.6 64.4 30.4 1035.4 442.2 4.8 6.1 22.5 10.6 671.5 231.0 17.7 12.2 124.0 98.8 194.8 83.6 111.1 95.7 119.2 80.5 22.5 9.1 20.9 15.2 27.4 9.1 − − 3.0 3.2 4.6 157.8 97.3 61.2 28.9 6.4 6.1 1.6 4.6 11.3 3.0 − − 62.1 65.8 70−74 75−79 80+/NK 4547.6 2678.3 19.8 8.3 − − 11.9 19.9 1408.7 927.0 21.8 5.0 77.4 28.2 69.4 38.1 170.6 99.5 7.9 1.7 73.4 54.7 4.0 1.7 410.7 209.0 7.9 3.3 142.6 5.0 21.6 73.0 168.7 41.7 10.0 222.2 172.5 4.0 3.3 83.3 38.1 45.6 19.9 59.5 41.5 1986.1 980.1 6.0 8.3 35.7 24.9 1182.5 494.2 23.8 26.5 305.6 225.5 432.5 200.7 265.9 169.2 285.7 187.4 19.8 10.0 21.8 14.9 73.4 33.2 − 4.0 1.7 9.9 3.3 309.5 243.8 71.4 38.1 13.9 3.3 6.0 1.7 13.9 5.0 − − 50.4 60.3 7598.9 15204.1 4531.8 12357.5 16.3 26.2 17.3 12.6 − − − − 37.9 67.1 27.0 31.5 1959.3 2720.1 1055.9 1515.0 29.8 29.2 7.7 22.0 113.8 87.5 42.4 74.0 100.3 137.0 42.4 75.6 243.9 314.9 140.7 214.2 8.1 5.8 1.9 − 78.6 113.7 55.9 94.5 16.3 32.1 1.9 4.7 468.8 559.8 223.5 193.7 8.1 2.9 11.6 9.4 117.5 200.0 5.8 12.6 25.0 28.3 65.5 70.9 368.6 647.2 40.7 99.1 21.2 42.5 308.9 446.1 200.4 307.1 − 2.9 3.9 1.6 105.7 125.4 59.7 92.9 67.8 116.6 28.9 70.9 105.7 186.6 65.5 152.8 3308.9 6775.5 1996.1 6055.1 2.7 14.6 9.6 22.0 48.8 110.8 46.2 162.2 1970.2 3530.6 938.3 2688.2 48.8 58.3 52.0 56.7 569.1 1553.9 539.5 1571.7 669.4 1507.3 410.4 1554.3 588.1 1195.3 310.2 579.5 699.2 2349.9 431.6 2086.6 48.8 75.8 27.0 80.3 21.7 5.8 15.4 7.9 105.7 247.8 73.2 179.5 − − 5.4 8.7 1.9 7.9 10.8 134.1 19.3 122.8 566.4 1215.7 427.7 1247.2 124.7 195.3 63.6 278.7 21.7 23.3 11.6 12.6 19.0 11.7 3.9 6.3 13.6 5.8 5.8 3.1 − − − 1.6 36.9 34.3 51.9 63.5 M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F F F F M M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F ALL CAUSES 001−999/A00−Y89 Tuberculosis 010−018, 137/ A15−A19, B90 279.5, 279.6/B20−B24 M F POPULATION HIV Other infective and parasitic ALL CANCER Rest of 001−139/rest of A00−B99 excl A33,A34 140−208/C00−C97 Mouth and pharynx cancer Oesophagus cancer 140−149/C00−C14 150/C15 Stomach cancer 151/C16 Colorectal cancer 153, 154/C18−C21 Liver cancer 155.0/C22 excl C221 Pancreas cancer 157/C25 Larynx cancer 161/C32 Lung cancer 162/C33, C34 Malignant melanoma 172/C43 Female breast cancer 174/C50 Cervix cancer 180/C53 Other uterine cancer 179, 182/C54, C55 Ovarian cancer 183/C56, C570−C574 Prostate cancer 185/C61 Bladder cancer 188/C67 Other and ill−defined cancer sites Hodgkin’s disease Rest of 140−199/ rest of C00−C80, C97 201/C81 Myeloma and non− Hodgkin lymphomas Leukaemia 200, 202−203/ C82−C90, C96 204−208/C91−C95 Diabetes 250/E10−E14 ALL VASCULAR DISEASE Rheumatic heart disease and fever Hypertensive disease 390−459/I00−I99 Ischaemic heart disease Pulmonary embolism and other venous Cerebrovascular disease Other vascular disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Other respiratory disease Peptic ulcer 410−414/I20−I25 390−398/I00−I09 401−405/I10−I15 415.1, 451−453/ I26, I80−I82 430−438/I60−I69 Rest of 390−459/ rest of I00−I99 490−496/ J40−J47, J67 Rest of 460−519/ rest of J00−J98 531−533/K25−K27 Liver cirrhosis 571/K70, K74 Renal disease 580−590/N00−N19 Pregnancy, birth Congenital and perinatal causes Ill−defined causes 630−676/A34,O00−O99 740−779/A33, P00−P96, Q00−Q99 780−799/R00−R99 Other medical causes Rest of 001−799/ rest of A00−R99 E800−E999/V01−Y89 ALL NON− MEDICAL CAUSES Road traffic E810−E819, E826−E829/ accidents part of V01−V99, Y850 Fire E890−E899/X00−X09 Suicide Homicide E950−E959/X60−X84 E960−E969/ X85−X99, Y00−Y09 (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 238 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 IRELAND: 1995, 2000 Male smoking−attributed deaths (Sm.) and total deaths (Total) 1995 ALL CAUSES ALL CANCER Lung cancer 0−34 Sm. Total − 878 − 52 − 1 35−69 Sm. Total 1448 5144 (28%) 621 1624 (38%) 409 453 (90%) 70+ Sm. Total 2506 11053 (23%) 844 2421 (35%) Any age Sm. Total 3954 17075 (23%) 0−34 Sm. Total 35−69 Upper aero− digestive ca. (see below) − 1 Other cancer COPD Other respiratory Vascular disease Liver cirrhosis Other medical Non− medical − 50 − 5 − 20 − 44 − 1 − 311 − 445 84 144 (58%) 128 1027 (12%) 160 216 (74%) 40 174 (23%) 513 2228 (23%) − 30 114 476 (24%) − 396 529 581 (91%) 92 154 (60%) 223 1686 (13%) 737 998 (74%) 130 1105 (12%) 649 5162 (13%) − 17 146 1197 (12%) − 153 1465 4097 (36%) 938 1035 (91%) 176 299 (59%) 351 2763 (13%) 897 1219 (74%) 170 1299 (13%) 1162 7434 (16%) − 48 260 1984 (13%) − 994 − 979 − 61 − 2 − 3 − 56 − 5 − 12 − 41 − 5 − 342 − 513 Sm. Total 1182 4902 (24%) 561 1652 (34%) 359 407 (88%) 94 178 (53%) 108 1067 (10%) 106 156 (68%) 35 184 (19%) 369 1862 (20%) − 68 111 545 (20%) − 435 70+ Sm. Total 2125 10311 (21%) 804 2366 (34%) 515 572 (90%) 93 162 (57%) 196 1632 (12%) 544 761 (71%) 126 1208 (10%) 511 4546 (11%) − 21 140 1260 (11%) − 149 Any age Sm. Total 3307 16192 (20%) 1365 4079 (33%) 874 981 (89%) 187 343 (55%) 304 2755 (11%) 650 922 (70%) 161 1404 (11%) 880 6449 (14%) − 94 251 2147 (12%) − 1097 2000 To be conservative, no deaths before age 35, and none from liver cirrhosis or non−medical causes, were attributed to smoking Male death rates used for calculations: ICD codes as on previous page All ages 0−34 35−69 35−39 40−44 45−49 50−54 55−59 60−64 65−69 POPULATION (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 1995 1792.3 1023.7 651.3 124.2 118.7 112.7 91.6 76.7 67.9 59.5 2000 1888.0 1048.4 718.0 131.6 129.1 117.7 115.1 87.5 74.9 62.1 NUMBER OF DEATHS (Source: WHO) All causes 1995 17075 878 5144 184 237 340 525 780 1227 1851 2000 16192 979 4902 190 288 356 614 784 1086 1584 Lung cancer 1995 1035 1 453 3 7 16 55 89 107 176 2000 981 2 407 1 8 14 54 88 108 134 ANNUAL DEATH RATE / 100,000 (*The rates for the age groups 0−34 and 35−69 are the means of seven five−yearly rates, but the all−ages rates are standardised to the conventional "European" age distribution) All causes 1995 1073.9* 89.9* 1022.5* 148.1 199.7 301.7 573.1 1016.9 1807.1 3110.9 2000 952.5* 93.4* 871.4* 144.4 223.1 302.5 533.4 896.0 1449.9 2550.7 All cancer 1995 263.2* 5.3* 325.7* 18.5 45.5 89.6 224.9 346.8 583.2 971.4 2000 245.2* 5.9* 301.9* 19.0 55.8 82.4 167.7 340.6 531.4 916.3 Lung cancer 1995 67.2* 0.1* 93.1* 2.4 5.9 14.2 60.0 116.0 157.6 295.8 2000 59.5* 0.2* 75.2* 0.8 6.2 11.9 46.9 100.6 144.2 215.8 Upper aerodigestive cancer (mouth, oesophagus, pharynx and larynx) 1995 19.7* 0.1* 27.7* 1.6 0.8 10.6 31.7 45.6 38.3 65.5 2000 20.9* 0.3* 32.8* − 4.6 10.2 16.5 38.9 62.8 96.6 Other cancer 1995 176.3* 5.1* 204.8* 14.5 38.8 64.8 133.2 185.1 387.3 610.1 2000 164.7* 5.4* 193.9* 18.2 44.9 60.3 104.3 201.1 324.4 603.9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1995 75.6* 0.5* 46.7* 0.8 3.4 4.4 14.2 28.7 85.4 189.9 2000 54.0* 0.5* 30.0* − 3.1 6.8 12.2 27.4 49.4 111.1 Other respiratory disease 1995 80.5* 2.0* 35.2* 5.6 9.3 9.8 12.0 22.2 61.9 126.1 2000 82.0* 1.2* 34.4* 4.6 5.4 6.8 18.2 25.1 61.4 119.2 Vascular disease 1995 471.7* 4.5* 456.1* 29.0 48.0 104.7 230.3 462.8 857.1 1460.5 2000 383.0* 4.0* 339.1* 22.8 57.3 102.8 207.6 356.6 591.5 1035.4 Liver cirrhosis 1995 3.1* 0.1* 5.7* 1.6 0.8 4.4 1.1 7.8 10.3 13.4 2000 5.7* 0.5* 10.9* 3.8 8.5 5.1 7.0 13.7 17.4 20.9 Other medical causes 1995 122.8* 33.1* 92.1* 29.0 24.4 33.7 42.6 88.7 147.3 279.0 2000 125.0* 34.3* 94.1* 36.5 27.9 41.6 62.6 76.6 126.8 286.6 All non−medical causes 1995 57.1* 44.5* 61.0* 63.6 68.2 55.0 48.0 60.0 61.9 70.6 2000 57.7* 47.1* 61.0* 57.8 65.1 56.9 58.2 56.0 72.1 61.2 Rates and calculations for some earlier years are in Peto, Lopez et al, 1994 70−74 75−79 80+/NK 50.4 50.4 34.9 36.9 32.0 34.3 2761 2292 3028 2804 5264 5215 217 207 184 173 180 192 5478.2 4547.6 8676.2 7598.9 16450.0 15204.1 1492.1 1408.7 2097.4 1959.3 2928.1 2720.1 430.6 410.7 527.2 468.8 562.5 559.8 91.3 103.2 146.1 159.9 178.1 148.7 970.2 894.8 1424.1 1330.6 2187.5 2011.7 474.2 265.9 853.9 588.1 1440.6 1195.3 315.5 285.7 656.2 699.2 2240.6 2349.9 2597.2 1986.1 3979.9 3308.9 7700.0 6775.5 19.8 21.8 14.3 21.7 6.3 5.8 494.0 507.9 968.5 897.0 1906.3 1962.1 85.3 71.4 106.0 124.7 228.1 195.3 Ireland June 2006 239 1995, 2000: IRELAND Female smoking−attributed deaths (Sm.) and total deaths (Total) 1995 ALL CAUSES ALL CANCER Lung cancer 0−34 Sm. Total − 447 − 51 − 0 35−69 Sm. Total 610 3076 (20%) 226 1393 (16%) 167 216 (77%) 70+ Sm. Total 1627 11661 (14%) 388 1978 (20%) Any age Sm. Total 2237 15184 (15%) 0−34 Sm. Total 35−69 Upper aero− digestive ca. (see below) − 0 Other cancer COPD Other respiratory Vascular disease Liver cirrhosis Other medical Non− medical − 51 − 5 − 18 − 42 − 1 − 226 − 104 29 60 (48%) 30 1117 (3%) 114 166 (69%) 20 103 (19%) 188 914 (21%) − 35 62 319 (19%) − 146 265 323 (82%) 64 119 (54%) 59 1536 (4%) 442 618 (72%) 125 1474 (8%) 533 5877 (9%) − 17 139 1523 (9%) − 174 614 3422 (18%) 432 539 (80%) 93 179 (52%) 89 2704 (3%) 556 789 (70%) 145 1595 (9%) 721 6833 (11%) − 53 201 2068 (10%) − 424 − 432 − 54 − 0 − 3 − 51 − 5 − 18 − 26 − 1 − 215 − 113 Sm. Total 518 2953 (18%) 221 1464 (15%) 169 222 (76%) 20 45 (44%) 32 1197 (3%) 71 106 (67%) 22 115 (19%) 134 719 (19%) − 33 70 381 (18%) − 135 70+ Sm. Total 1904 11814 (16%) 454 2069 (22%) 312 365 (85%) 66 112 (59%) 76 1592 (5%) 483 631 (77%) 174 1662 (10%) 600 5472 (11%) − 22 193 1725 (11%) − 233 Any age Sm. Total 2422 15199 (16%) 675 3587 (19%) 481 587 (82%) 86 160 (54%) 108 2840 (4%) 554 742 (75%) 196 1795 (11%) 734 6217 (12%) − 56 263 2321 (11%) − 481 2000 To be conservative, no deaths before age 35, and none from liver cirrhosis or non−medical causes, were attributed to smoking Female death rates used for calculations All ages 0−34 35−69 35−39 40−44 45−49 50−54 55−59 60−64 65−69 POPULATION (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 1995 1816.6 991.7 655.3 126.8 118.9 110.5 88.3 75.5 68.9 66.4 2000 1913.1 1013.0 724.4 136.7 130.2 118.7 111.7 86.7 74.6 65.8 NUMBER OF DEATHS (Source: WHO) All causes 1995 15184 447 3076 92 155 242 321 427 669 1170 2000 15199 432 2953 129 178 258 368 448 626 946 Lung cancer 1995 539 − 216 1 9 14 22 32 44 94 2000 587 − 222 − 11 12 31 38 52 78 ANNUAL DEATH RATE / 100,000 (*The rates for the age groups 0−34 and 35−69 are the means of seven five−yearly rates, but the all−ages rates are standardised to the conventional "European" age distribution) All causes 1995 674.1* 47.8* 583.4* 72.6 130.4 219.0 363.5 565.6 971.0 1762.0 2000 625.6* 43.6* 510.2* 94.4 136.7 217.4 329.5 516.7 839.1 1437.7 All cancer 1995 176.8* 5.4* 259.3* 28.4 68.1 119.5 207.2 287.4 419.4 685.2 2000 173.8* 5.2* 249.1* 41.0 70.7 113.7 184.4 279.1 441.0 614.0 Lung cancer 1995 27.8* − 42.0* 0.8 7.6 12.7 24.9 42.4 63.9 141.6 2000 28.7* − 39.8* − 8.4 10.1 27.8 43.8 69.7 118.5 Upper aerodigestive cancer (mouth, oesophagus, pharynx and larynx) 1995 8.7* − 11.7* 0.8 2.5 1.8 9.1 6.6 16.0 45.2 2000 7.1* 0.3* 7.8* − 2.3 2.5 7.2 10.4 10.7 21.3 Other cancer 1995 140.2* 5.4* 205.7* 26.8 58.0 105.0 173.3 238.4 339.6 498.5 2000 138.0* 4.9* 201.6* 41.0 59.9 101.1 149.5 224.9 360.6 474.2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1995 35.5* 0.5* 33.6* 0.8 2.5 4.5 6.8 33.1 56.6 131.0 2000 29.8* 0.5* 20.8* − 2.3 1.7 4.5 16.1 25.5 95.7 Other respiratory disease 1995 61.5* 1.8* 19.9* 2.4 5.0 5.4 5.7 19.9 39.2 61.7 2000 64.1* 1.8* 21.1* 5.1 1.5 5.9 9.0 15.0 30.8 80.5 Vascular disease 1995 283.6* 4.5* 181.1* 12.6 14.3 43.4 78.1 141.7 314.9 662.7 2000 236.9* 2.6* 129.9* 11.0 27.6 43.8 62.7 122.3 199.7 442.2 Liver cirrhosis 1995 3.1* 0.1* 6.2* 3.9 3.4 0.9 3.4 4.0 13.1 15.1 2000 3.0* 0.1* 5.5* 1.5 0.8 1.7 7.2 5.8 6.7 15.2 Other medical causes 1995 92.0* 24.8* 59.9* 11.0 16.8 21.7 34.0 58.3 101.6 176.2 2000 96.7* 22.7* 64.4* 16.8 18.4 32.9 42.1 66.9 112.6 161.1 All non−medical causes 1995 21.6* 10.6* 23.3* 13.4 20.2 23.5 28.3 21.2 26.1 30.1 2000 21.3* 10.7* 19.3* 19.0 15.4 17.7 19.7 11.5 22.8 28.9 Rates and calculations for some earlier years are in Peto, Lopez et al, 1994 70−74 75−79 80+/NK 62.8 60.3 48.4 51.9 58.4 63.5 1806 1615 2483 2352 7372 7847 114 126 86 116 123 123 2875.8 2678.3 5130.2 4531.8 12623.3 12357.5 869.4 927.0 1084.7 1055.9 1553.1 1515.0 181.5 209.0 177.7 223.5 210.6 193.7 47.8 34.8 72.3 52.0 92.5 100.8 640.1 683.3 834.7 780.3 1250.0 1220.5 192.7 169.2 396.7 310.2 522.3 579.5 191.1 187.4 462.8 431.6 1934.9 2086.6 1240.4 980.1 2456.6 1996.1 6693.5 6055.1 9.6 14.9 12.4 15.4 8.6 7.9 332.8 361.5 646.7 659.0 1714.0 1834.6 39.8 38.1 70.2 63.6 196.9 278.7 240 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 IRELAND: 2000 Relative importance of deaths in MIDDLE age (35−69) in the year 2000 Age range (years) Deaths attributed to SMOKING /total deaths (thousands) Male Female 0−34 Mean years lost PER DEATH FROM SMOKING − / 1.0 − / 0.4 − 35−69 1.2 / 4.9 0.5 / 3.0 21 years 70+ 2.1 / 10 1.9 / 12 8 years All ages 3.3 / 16 2.4 / 15 12 years Deaths, by cause, attributed to SMOKING / total deaths in the year 2000 Cause 0−34 Male (by age) 35−69 70+ Lung Cancer −/ 2 359 / 407 515 / 572 All Cancer − / 61 561 / 1652 804 / 2366 (34%) (34%) 0−34 Female (by age) 35−69 70+ 874 / 981 −/ 0 169 / 222 312 / 365 481 / 587 1365 / 4079 − / 54 221 / 1464 454 / 2069 675 / 3587 (15%) (22%) All All Vascular − / 41 369 / 1862 511 / 4546 880 / 6449 − / 26 134 / 719 600 / 5472 734 / 6217 Respiratory − / 17 141 / 340 670 / 1969 811 / 2326 − / 23 93 / 221 657 / 2293 750 / 2537 All Other − / 860 111 / 1048 140 / 1430 251 / 3338 − / 329 70 / 549 193 / 1980 263 / 2858 All Causes − / 979 1182 / 4902 2125 / 10311 3307 / 16192 − / 432 518 / 2953 1904 / 11814 2422 / 15199 (24%) (21%) (18%) (16%) Cancer deaths, and all deaths, attributed to SMOKING / total deaths (thousands) in the year 2000 Cause Male Female Male + Female All Cancer 1.4 / 4.1 (33%) 0.7 / 3.6 (19%) 2.0 / 7.7 (27%) All Causes 3.3 / 16 (20%) 2.4 / 15 (16%) 5.7 / 31 (18%) Ireland June 2006 241 1950-2000: IRELAND Population risk of dying at ages 0−34 Population risk of a 35−year−old dying at ages 35−69 from smoking (shaded) or from any cause (shaded and white) *eg, at year 2000 male death rates, out of 100 men aged 35, 26 would die before age 70 (with 6 of these deaths attributed to smoking) MALE 10.8% 8.1% 6.4% 1950 4 41% 1955 7 40% 1960 5.6% 1965 5.0% 1970 4.8% 1975 10 38% 12 39% 14 41% 13 3.9% 1980 12 3.3% 1985 13 3.1% 1990 3.1% 1995 3.2% 2000* 39% 38% 36% 10 33% 9 30% 6* Note: 26%* Most of those killed by smoking would otherwise have survived beyond age 70, but a minority (shaded area to right of dotted line) would have died by 70 anyway FEMALE 10.2% 6.5% 1950 # 35% 1955 1.9 1960 2.0 4.0% 1965 2.3 3.6% 1970 3.7 2.9% 1975 4.3 2.4% 1980 4.5 1.8% 1985 4.6 1.8% 1990 4.1 1.7% 1995 3.8 1.5% 2000* 4.8% 3.0 31% 28% 27% 28% 25% 24% 22% 20% 18% 16% # Real risk too low to estimate reliably 242 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 IRELAND: 1950-2000 Numbers of deaths attributed to smoking / total deaths Year 0−34 1950 − / 3138 Male (by age) 35−69 70+ 800 / 6938 (12%) 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 − / 2209 − / 1718 − / 1533 − / 1365 − / 1450 − / 1230 1337 / 6623 − / 1048 − / 883 − / 878 358 / 9740 ( 4%) 1938 / 6510 776 / 9922 (30%) ( 8%) (12%) 2274 / 6779 1720 / 9848 (34%) (17%) 2174 / 6794 2180 / 6228 1670 / 5475 1448 / 5144 − / 979 1182 / 4902 (24%) 0 / 17715 0 / 10417 313 / 16988 7 / 9595 319 / 15176 361 / 4106 162 / 9864 523 / 15057 ( 9%) ( 2%) 585 / 4317 429 / 9952 (14%) ( 4%) ( 6%) 1991 / 17484 − / 1244 312 / 4337 ( 7%) 2714 / 17965 − / 1087 1222 / 10102 3659 / 18447 − / 970 (35%) (28%) 2000 313 / 4869 (27%) (31%) 1995 245 / 10941 1582 / 19773 − / 1702 0 / 9472 All (0.2%) 1633 / 6026 (35%) 1990 0 / 5527 ( 2%) 2437 / 6980 0−34 815 / 20026 − / 2716 (20%) (32%) 1985 15 / 9950 All Female (by age) 35−69 70+ 3994 / 18077 − / 875 700 / 4037 (17%) 2027 / 10206 4201 / 18230 − / 735 (20%) 750 / 4004 (19%) 2507 / 10925 4687 / 18201 − / 562 (23%) 732 / 3589 (20%) 2476 / 10470 4146 / 16828 − / 498 (24%) 652 / 3245 (20%) 2506 / 11053 3954 / 17075 − / 447 (23%) 610 / 3076 (20%) 2125 / 10311 3307 / 16192 − / 432 (21%) 50−year total* (thousands), mid−1950 to mid−2000: 518 / 2953 1014 / 15239 628 / 10184 1328 / 15096 ( 6%) 752 / 10503 1502 / 15242 ( 7%) 1469 / 10861 2201 / 15012 (14%) 1607 / 10799 2259 / 14542 (15%) 1627 / 11661 2237 / 15184 (14%) 1904 / 11814 2422 / 15199 (18%) (16%) 27 / 197 39 / 530 (14%) ( 7%) 235 / 1684 1950−2000 by age & sex: − / 71 92 / 313 78 / 527 (29%) (15%) 169 / 911 − / 47 *Estimated as 10 times the sum of the annual numbers for 1955, 1965, 1975, 1985 & 1995 66 / 773 Ireland June 2006 243 1950-2000: IRELAND Smoking−attributed deaths: % of all deaths at ages 35−69 only Smoking−attributed deaths: thousands per year at ages 35−69 only Annual smoking deaths (1000s) % Male Female Male Female 2.4 2.3 40 2.2 2.2 35 35 34 1.9 32 31 30 1.7 1.6 30 28 27 1.4 24 1.3 20 20 1.2 20 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 1960 1970 1980 1990 17 20 20 18 14 12 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 1950 19 8.8 10 6.4 7.2 1950 2000 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year Year Smoking−attributed deaths: thousands per year (all ages) Smoking−attributed deaths: % of all deaths (all ages) 2000 % 4.7 Annual smoking deaths (1000s) Male Female 4.2 4.0 4.1 Male Female 30 4.0 26 3.7 25 3.3 23 23 22 20 20 2.7 20 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 15 15 2.0 1.6 10 1.0 9.9 8.8 8.0 6.7 0.8 4.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 1960 16 15 11 1.5 1.3 1950 16 3.5 1.8 2.1 1970 1980 Year 1990 2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 Year 1990 2000 244 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 IRELAND: 1950-2000 ALL−CAUSE mortality rates attributed and not attributed to smoking ALL−CAUSE mortality ALL−CAUSE mortality ages 35−69 ages 35−69: MALE NOT ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING ALL−CAUSE mortality ages 35−69 & 0−34 20 Male 35−69 Female 35−69 M and F 0−34 15 Not attributed: Male Attributed: to smoking Female 10 6.6 5 15 10 6.6 5 4.2 2.1 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 10* 8.7 ALL−CAUSE mortality ages 35−69 ages 35−69: FEMALE ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING Not attributed: 0.7 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 10 Attributed: to smoking Male Standardised† death rate/1000 5.1 5 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 ALL−CAUSE mortality 10 Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 15 5 4.2 Female 5 2.1 0.9 0.9 * An annual rate of 10 per 1000 implies that 30% of 35−year−olds will die before age 70 † 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Mean of 7 age−specific rates, ages 35−69 (or ages 0−34) MALE all−cause mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Attributed to smoking? 35−69 70−79 FEMALE all−cause mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 35−69 70−79 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No − − − − − − − − − − − 3.27 2.40 1.88 1.63 1.47 1.40 1.13 0.96 0.90 0.90 0.93 1.58 2.71 3.48 4.20 5.18 4.78 4.43 4.58 3.52 2.93 2.13 13.6 11.8 9.99 10.1 9.96 9.49 9.35 8.39 7.82 7.30 6.58 0.15 2.06 3.42 7.67 11.0 15.3 17.9 20.7 18.3 17.7 13.9 81.6 81.1 69.0 69.2 66.7 62.3 61.9 62.1 53.0 53.1 46.8 − − − − − − − − − − − 3.06 1.91 1.42 1.18 1.04 0.85 0.69 0.52 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.00 0.65 0.67 0.77 1.25 1.41 1.48 1.47 1.29 1.21 0.95 12.2 10.1 8.81 8.04 7.98 6.78 6.39 5.63 5.00 4.62 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.72 3.01 3.79 5.08 7.98 7.40 7.32 7.53 69.3 70.5 59.5 57.2 51.4 47.8 46.3 39.7 33.2 32.7 28.5 0−34 and 35−69 = means of 7 age−specific rates; 70−79 = mean of 2 rates (70−74 & 75−79) Ireland June 2006 245 1950-2000: IRELAND ALL CANCER mortality rates attributed and not attributed to smoking 4 4 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69 NOT ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING Male Attributed: to smoking Female 3 0.8 0.4 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69 & 0−34 2 2.0 1 1.0 Standardised† death rate/1000 Not attributed: Female 1 6 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69: MALE Male Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 2 LUNG CANCER mortality ages 35−69 3 2.1 2.0 2 1 Male 35−69 Female 35−69 M and F 0−34 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 4 4 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69: FEMALE 4 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69 ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING Not attributed: 2.5 2 1 Male Attributed: to smoking 3 Female Standardised† death rate/1000 3.0 3 Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 5 2.1 2 1 3 2 1.0 1 0.4 0.4 0.06 † 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Mean of 7 age−specific rates, ages 35−69 (or ages 0−34) MALE cancer mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Attributed to smoking? 35−69 70−79 FEMALE cancer mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 35−69 70−79 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No − − − − − − − − − − − 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.37 0.73 1.05 1.20 1.50 1.56 1.50 1.70 1.42 1.26 1.04 2.44 2.11 1.96 1.85 1.80 1.95 1.91 1.90 1.91 1.99 1.98 0.05 0.60 1.06 2.25 3.00 5.02 5.83 6.77 6.75 6.66 6.08 9.42 10.8 9.20 10.5 9.72 9.09 10.2 10.1 10.3 11.3 10.8 − − − − − − − − − − − 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.27 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.40 2.53 2.36 2.49 2.26 2.45 2.50 2.34 2.24 2.18 2.15 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.28 0.55 0.85 1.08 1.94 2.28 2.11 2.48 6.79 7.75 7.71 7.75 8.03 8.17 7.78 7.57 7.72 7.66 7.43 0−34 and 35−69 = means of 7 age−specific rates; 70−79 = mean of 2 rates (70−74 & 75−79) 246 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 IRELAND: 1950-2000 Mortality* trends at selected ages: 35−39, 55−59 & 75−79 Lung cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.10 2.5 Male Female 2.0 Lung cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 7.5 Male Female Lung cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 5.0 4.9 1.5 0.05 1.0 0.021 0.88 0.5 0 0 Upper aero−digestive cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.10 Male Female 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2.5 2.0 2.1 0.38 0.015 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2.5 Upper aero−digestive cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 7.5 Upper aero−digestive cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female Male Female 5.0 1.5 0.05 1.0 2.5 0.5 0.008 0.005 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0.6 0.09 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Other cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 Other cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 Male Female Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20 4 0.4 0.6 0 25 6 Male Female 1.5 0.39 Other cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 15 13.5 0.31 2.4 2.2 2 0.2 10 8.6 0.17 5 0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.6 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 25 6 Male Female Male Female 20 4 0.4 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 3.5 All cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 19.9 15 0.33 2.8 11.3 10 0.2 0.20 2 5 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 * Annual mortality per 1000: averages of years available in 1950−54,....,1995−99; year 2000 on pages 236−237 Ireland June 2006 247 1950-2000: IRELAND Mortality* trends at selected ages: 35−39, 55−59 & 75−79 Vascular mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 1.0 Vascular mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 12 Male Female Vascular mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 60 0.8 9 40 0.6 38 6 0.4 4.1 0.26 0.2 3 Male Female 0.12 0 Respiratory mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.3 1.3 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2.5 Male Female 23 20 2.0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Respiratory mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 Respiratory mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 15 1.5 Male Female 14.3 10 0.2 8.1 1.0 5 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.04 0.02 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All medical causes: mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All medical causes: mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 All medical causes: mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 25 3 Male Female Male Female 100 20 82 75 2 15 50 10 49 9.2 1 0.8 0.6 0 5.2 5 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Male Female 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All causes: mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 25 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All causes: mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 All causes: mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 30 3 Male Female Male Female 100 83 20 75 2 1.4 1 9.8 0.8 5.4 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 50 50 10 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 25 Male Female 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 * Annual mortality per 1000: averages of years available in 1950−54,....,1995−99; year 2000 on pages 236−237