Transcript
1
ITU-R V.574-4
ITU-R V.574-4 ******
(2000-1990-1986-1982-1978)
$ %&!'( )* +, - . # ! " . 67 89$ :7$ /0' 1'2$ 3 45 %-> ?,9 A$' = 9 = -> ?,> @ <* D- . # :7$ /0' 1'2 -> ?,9 A$' = > 3 &4C
( 5
D" ! " -'2$ - ." ?,> /0' &'2$ 3 ! ?8>
(
ه
!" &!'( )* &S " $5 &S Q? +, - . # M ! " 3 1 .1 TUF V W 1
1
>* &'2 / 0Y, >$ .07 + R! " # (B L) &'2$ XY, 1.1 ./ +Y $ 0 (dB L) [' '8$ %\!= P $5 1? _`] $5 ! $5 , /4 %%! " #$ ^ 07 # M]5 /0' / 0 '8 2.1 gQP 3?U$ .&!'( f M 7 cd KPe 6 <. $ % 6b 4C $5 7U+ $5 O 6. 3 a .^ a 8$ F $ 0, hb %20 / 3 a C 0P R! " E]Y ^,!'8 ^ 0P /.S 8 (
. !"# $%&' (ITU-T) (BR)
$;< )%*+- .IEC 60027-3- ISO 31-11 , - / *%& $0- 12* 3/ 4& 5 6/ 78 !"9 : lg ( )%*+ .C D 5 @ A B log ( = %*> ?- .log10 ( .K &' I D>J 2005 E ' : !"9 FG H
* **
***
ITU-R V.574-4
2
# g j$ . 2 /C 8$ F !'( (F &!'( C 0P$ , $5 ! C 0P ^ 89 i8,$ .8$ F # b C - b, k $ 0 8$ F <., > '7 /0' 3 RO9F :A C <., /0' 67 M: 67 07 $ .07 . M]5 8$ F 8 $y 0, k .^,!'8 ^ 07 # e2 8 / (,$ 3 a - C # ^ C ^ 07 # e 8 / (, :7 &'2$ .(dNp) z70' /4 b - 0(, M]5 / 0,$ 4e #$ .½ / <$= # ^,!'8 ^ 0P R! " # :7 &'2$ 3 #.o %-> a { $ w2 .} 9 M7~ -> ?,> 3 > /4 f7o #.$ . S| } ( ^ $5 ? T jl .=6 C dB 8,68 # >M ' dB 4,34 %i ](x %:7 8 ?,
3
M7~ % 67.o C % 6r!5 /u= 6~ } ( h"e /0' $5 :7 # /C 3 0, <5 <' #.o . O 7 Q, Wx 67 b :7 3 -V S 0, <5 %R( /U $' - QF )* 07 jC$ %? -l R($ 3 !| - 8 % O= Q? :7 / 0 %:P - ! " /.S 07 # 6b : $ K7 - 0q )* 07 $ .M 2 $5 M7 r X
VLW $ :7 ((2 VLW <5 #.o %&'( - C 3$ 7, - 0q { VW* t'$ .- W!' )* $5 /0' )* 3 (P> /W5 # /U / ' #.o$ .< =
3
ITU-R V.574-4
:1 C /0'$ :7 ^ /U R8
1 Np = (20 lg e) dB ≈ 8,686
dB
1 dB = (0,05 ln 10) Np ≈ 0,1151 Np
dB
4
: '( 3 < .| !'8 '( `7 %dB L / +, )* 07 dB
1.4
^u5 ^ C $5 &!'( ^b 4C ^ $5 ^,!'8 ^ 07 >' b r* &! S* <$= dB L 3 `7 .(6 &(Q fW!) &!'( ^ ^ Q $5 &!'( Ur$ !" #$ dB
2.4
e $5 &!'( Tb', b 4. $5 %&!'( (c # ^ 8 ^ b r* x M dB L 3 `7 { = '8 'O 0 3 > <5 >* .^ 8 ^ W 8 )* 07 %&!'( Ur$ tu5 C .dB(mW) # >M ' dBm C /4 C _0, )* -> q !" #$ dB
3.4
S 39u # - ( /4 u $S # Mb ^ 8 <$= b r* x M dB L 3 `7 .(8 &(Q fW!) 7 &!= &='p c(P '7 $5 &='p
!" #$%
5
# X C , M]5 ^ $ ., $5 0c7`6C $5 O 6C &!'8 ^c(P ^ < ?(P '( $5 :$ .M'W M'' &='p &!'( -l C # $5 &!'8 # ^c(P '7 ^ 8 ^ 07 7 : &!'( < ?(P ./0' &= 07 # : &!'( &= # X C , M]5 $ ., $5 0c7`6C $5 O 6C &!'8 ^c(P ^ &= )* &= 07 # :$ .M'W M'' &='p &!'( -l C # $5 &!'8 # ^c(P '7 ^ 8 ^ 07 67 ./0' %J!=| &! 0u %&!? V* ^ / jl 3 4) 8' W$ K7 '8 0. $5 &! 0d P '' # ' >$ .( "$ %W 325 %bc - 8$ ) K7 '8 07 (8= i! , )* /Q + $ ( O 0C % &'
1.5
:/0' 67 M: (Pr ) y(0F &!'( )* (Pt ) y F &!'( 0P L = 10 lg (Pt / Pr )
dB
()* +&,
2.5
'7 2 F &!'($ (P0) &! 0u <$' W O /u= '7 cF &!'( ^ %/0' &= 67 :F %07 ~ >*$) ^ ~ b 0F gQP '7 &!'( Tb', b 4C gQP $5 3 a &'S gQP J P| (Pa ) ^ O /u= .(?8e S| G = 10 lg (P0 / Pa )
dB
ITU-R V.574-4
4
.M?8 M= MO %-> q { %$5 W i?P c( O 7 $5 M2 7 MO &= WF O <.
&
6
R! " xref ', (= e$) 7 gQP # &='p W C f x ', C P! ( # &'' -> 2 : ."(xref )* 07 ) x 0" $5 "(xref )* 07 ) x " ! " &! M " TcY$ .x/xref 07 .Lx /.S . ., 0 )* &! S| &= / 0 "L" ,9 sq 3 $ # A X, w2 %P / A /4 0P $5 P &!'( /4 &=Q C x <., '(b . #.o tu5 !$ V 5 7 $ .μV/m 1 %μPa 20 %μW/m2 1 %W 1 %mW 1 :jl 45 #$ % xref 8 <., <5 hQ$ %2 0 67 : <5 #.o$ %(xref )* 07 ) Lx : . L xref W C V* x . /4 0 )* &! S| #.o .M'W M'' ='p jl$ %&!'( c, C $5 &!'8 WF . <., '7 %/0' :3 4 : W 1 ( (F 0 # dB 15 !'(x 'L, P 7 &!'8 <5 # #.o W1
= P0 } 5 %15 = 10 lg (P / P0) <5 5 %dB 15 = (W 1 )* 07 ) LP 15 = 10 lg P (W) $5
:A U7 jl$ 0Ub &'2 } 5 i4. L, 3 0e # <. M4C$ LP = 15 dB(1 W)
.} 6b ' <5 #.o -> q j > #.$ %WF . # "1" R8 s2 #.o$ .1 =?(F R8 '7 %tu5 &! $ .( P=5 8 &(Q fW!) %dB(1 W) )* &! S* dBW /4 % d -> q { L ! ?u #. F #$ -. . / 0&
1.6
W &!'8$ 3 !| & 78 c(P '7 &! S| &!'8 ^ %/0' &= 67 : %07 &!'( (cF 0 .&='p . 5 ((2 &!'( [P C l* '' 2 /C `7$ :WF &!'( )* &! S| # L '' !$] #$ "$ 1 )* 07 /0'" &'2 &!'( (cF 0 # :Y %(watt) $ 1 WF &!'( <., '7 D"dBW" L / 0$ )* 07 /0'" &'2 &!'( (cF 0 # : %(milliwatt) $ 1 WF &!'( <., '7 ."dBm" L / 0Y$ "$ 1 7 23 45 6/ -. &1 0&
2.6
80!
1.2.6
&!'( gQP$ 3 !| & 78 c(P '7 &! S| &!'8 ^ %/0' &= 67 : %07 &!'( 07 0 . M & 7( H+7 '7 %W c(7C &! F & 7( tu5 c(P '7 . 5 ((2 &!'( [P C l* '' 2 /C `7$
5
ITU-R V.574-4
'7 (Hz 1000 $5 800 ==, '7) W ! u &! S* &!'8 0P &!'( 07 0 ?,> g(, c8 ='2 .(1 /.+ O c(7) b 0F &!= ^.0 3 !| 2 P # '( /' c(P '7 dBr 3,5– 07 0 <., <5 `7 M 2 F 3 !| cu $ "Q? 07 0 c(P" $5 "3 ! WF c(7"$ .(2 /.+ V c(7) 9 e ! $= &!= $ 0,$ .dB 3,5 ,! 0u , ^G 3 p : V c(7 ^.0 '(, c(P (2 /.+ T c(7) &!'( (c -7( &=' q - WF -l KPe V r] E 02 0F '( q .T c(7 '7 dBm 15– !'8 c F "dBm0"
>
3.2.6
'7 6K, &! S| &!'( (cF 0 5 UW [P C V ) M]5 V r] 3$ 7 *$ 0Ub &! S| `? 3 ?( >$ .V r] )* &! S| 0P E 02 ' 0 O
/.+
FIGURE 1 1 V (–3.5 dBr) T
/.+
FIGURE 2 2
Zero relative '01 23 #level point 4 0574-01
-. ?,
3.6
.&!2 $5 cP h $5 2 0 # tu5 C &!'( 0( :+ ,- W.m
–2
:, ') "&%' '( ) * " % !# $ " " 1 2 .(W/m -
6
ITU-R V.574-4
" &'2 67 : <5 #.o$ "&!'( Qc b 4." R -== cP h &!'( 0( Tc$ 7( c7 h O ?u '25 3$ 7, &'2 M]5 67 : <5 #.o$ .( W/Hz $5 W · Hz–1 :L) "L, # A :$ D<LQ $5 8 3 !| MHz 1$ Q, 6F kHz 4 $5 kHz 1 <., ( 567 8 % ) 9;< 2 .(W/(m2 · Hz) - W · m–2 · Hz–1 :, ') ",'D ) &%' '( ) * " % !# $ C
-. ?@ . / 0&
4.6
&!'( b 4C$ 7 c(P '7 &!'( b 4C ^ 07 # %/0' &= !'( % ! " /.S , :+ ,- .WF % !# 'L3 ; 5 MN K J &%' '( ) * % E 2 F' G4 HI 1 .((dB(W/m2) :, ') "&%' '( ) * OI 3 #% B32 "
&!'( Qc b 4. (cF - 0 ( '1( HI .R; - "dBm" 9 6J % "dBq" => ( PQ3# 1 . ^3W > ( 232_ 5Z] \2S ) 6I "dBm" [( 6 Y ) 2>Q4 5 Z - Z =I X UV W
A &1 2 0&
2.6.6
&! S* ,, ^ %dB &'2 67 :F %07 ,? N: 3 !* 0 c(P '7 , 07 0 )* "r" +, w2 %"dBrs" &'2 07 # :$ .WF c(7 '7 &! S| gQP ,, $ c(7 j, '7 c(7 '7$ .(, -! S*) ", N " KP - 0 3$ 7, 07 <5 )* "s" +, 7 "07 0" &! S| # ' >$ .dBu 0 i '7 ! u &! S* <., %(dBrs 0 %Q? 07 0 c(P) WF (P )* tLY, <5 #. F # %jl f$ .Q? 07 0 c(P > '8 l| / 9 { <5 )* .rb W c(P )* 07 (dBrs &'2 !'(,) /$ - ( -. A/ JK 2 E@ +&H I # G &0- -F E!
3.6.6
A +&H
1.3.6.6
_ , '7 9 M 4 q $ .&!'( 6Q < 2e { , 6Q ` '8 ,? -== 3 # = > <. U7 $ ./u' '7 8$ F 8$ Jd '7 8$ F Qr Q7F O 7 - .S s= (P '7 , 0P ! > u, <5 Q. O'7$ .- .+ _ , /60 M' 8$ F i., $S . Q¢ (F -'2 N =' ''U %9 M 4 10 } e )* % ! " R , 0P # /60 # <.$ : = F c N = K lg (U1 / U2 )
89 M 8 #.$ .e £= M K / F <. = F $ N = 20 lg (U1 / U2 )
U2$ U1 6bc , <. ^$ 0 ^$ ( 3 q C %&!'( &! 0u 0P # /0' :, l* , 0P / (, &!'( 0P # /0' N =' : ¡¤ #$ .K / 20 ( = M(c7 $' %A . M bH " q <5 R"! %$ 0 - $ ( &ue [(¥ A . / 0&
2.3.6.6
=' '' #.o %jl f$ . (F &!'( E 02 #.o > O'7 6bc '7 , } ( 8$ F =' k l* %e g > 2$ ./0' 7 $ W ,, )* 07 1.3.6.6 &(Q V W !" M29c N } 5 ' > dBu L <5 $'$ .dBu L 3 # ' > C (c , <5 )* &! S| # ' > l* #.$ .F _b$. 1 )* +, 0c7`6. 3 G (cF 0 <5 x 7.6 &(Q =' 3 > f .)$e &F /8e dB(775 mV) &! C # ' 9b } 5 $'2 +u
ITU-R V.574-4
8
(& 1NM@ LE . / 0&
7.6
3 a &'S $5 E O 6. 3 a &'S $5 (P / A) &!'( Tb', b 4C /.S 0c7`6. 3 a &'S # #.o :$ . μV/m 1 &= <., W 3 &'S )* E 0P R! " LE 3 a &'+ (cF 0$ .H 0c7`F ./0' &= 67 LE = 20 lg (E / E0)
dB(μV/m)
B7 OND 0
8.6
<. WF _`] )* 1? _`] 0P R! " %/0' &= 67 %1? _`] .μPa 20 < 2e " Lp = 20 lg ( p / p0)
dB(20 μPa)
7
C D P % &H
1.7
'7 0( (Un ) V r] ,, )* (Us ) &! S| ,, 0P $5 %(Pn ) V r] &!'8 )* (Ps ) &! S| &!'8 0P * :/0' c 67 :$ .&='p -> 2 7 c(P R = 20 lg (Us / Un )
$5
dB
R = 10 lg (Ps / Pn )
dB
. c " &! S* )* cF &! S| 0P # (c gQ7 :$ 0 EQ &H
2.7
3 &'S 0P $5 %(Pi ) /u' &! S* &!'8 # ¦ 0F ?8e 'q )* (Pw) cF &! S| &!'8 0P * :/0' 67 :$ .(Ei ) /u' &! S* 3 # ¦ 0F ?8e 'q )* (Ew) cF &! S| A = 20 lg (Ew / Ei )
$5
dB
(C / N0)
A = 10 lg (Pw / Pi )
dB
6 C D ?, P Q :/ &H
3.7
$ ./ (F == cP h Δ f$ V r] &!'8 Pn$ q WF &!'8 Pc w2 Pc / (Pn / Δ f ) 07 } 5 == c, [0 &!'( <$= /0' 67 #.o > j$ % ==, ' 07 .M'W ='p .G7 !'? )* ¦r +, W/(W/Hz) 1 /4 W C f <8> 07 # #.o$ 07 / (F ! " T b 10 lg
Δ f = 1 MHz$ Pn = 20 mW$ Pc = 2 W
Pc = 50 Pn / Δf
[P C l* 3 4F / $ :O'7 %C / N0
dB(W/(W/kHz))
.} 5 67 , k l* %dB(kHz) 50 ? &! 3Lu #.o$ C D 6 ?@ P &H
4.7
^ 07 <., % 8 -> !| / 0, E / N0 " V r] Qc b 4. )* /C 8 c" 0P 2 &(Q fW!) &!'( 0P !" %/0' 07 # #.o$ %&!'( Qc b 4. f ^0P G ^ C
9
ITU-R V.574-4
)* 07 9 M 4 (J) 3W 5 07 '2 9C # 0F -'2 / §q !$] # P5 >* .(1.7 .V r] Qc b 4. )* 07 (W/Hz) L, $$ 8 c (M)
(/0' M!'()
G
-R 4
5.7
O 0. _, ! " , =! 3 ( cp )* y07 (M) &!'¨ R8! : (^QC &'2 &!'() T @| V r] &!2$ M = [G – 10 lg ( T / 1 K)]
dB(W/(W · K))
.} > )* = < C l* jl 7~ ^ #.$ dB(K–1) ? w /0' L, 3Lu #.o$
8
.tue -L P W )* '0Y, M4C $ . V ( | #.o u -L, 45 b (6.6$ 2.6$ 1.6 -(Q fW!) D/0' 67 M: $ 1 )* 07 &!'( (cF 0
:dBW
D/0' 67 M: $ 1 )* 07 &!'( (cF 0
:dBm
07 0 c(P )* +,$ %/0' 67 M: %$
)* 07 &!'( (cF 0 DQ?
:dBm0
%/0' 67 M: %$ 1 )* 07 (Q, 6F )* 07 UXW) ! &!'( (cF 0 DQ? 07 0 c(P )* +,$
:dBm0p
07 0 c(P )* +,$ %/0' 67 M: %$
:dBm0s
1
1
)* 07 &!'( (cF 0 D,? N: 3 !* Q?
M: %$ 1 )* 07 (,? N: 3 !* )* 07 UXW) ! &!'( (cF 0 :dBm0ps .,? N: 3 !* Q? 07 0 c(P )* +,$ %/0' 67 (7.6 &(Q fW!) D/0' 67 M: %μV/m 1 )* 07 0c7`6. 3 G (cF 0 :dBu $5 dBμ (6.6 &(Q fW!) ! ""# $ %% & '( ) * +,# D_b 0,775 )* 07 , (cF 0
:dBu
DQ? 07 0 c(P )* +,$ %_b 0,775 )* 07 , (cF 0
:dBu0
N: 3 !* %Q? 07 0 c(P )* +,$ %_b 0,775 )* 07 , (cF 0 D,?
:dBu0s
D_b 0,775 )* 07 , (cF 0
:dBq
D,? N: 3 !* XWF , (cF 0
:dBqps
3 !* Q? 07 0 c(P )* +,$ %_b
0,775
)* 07 XWF , (cF 0 :dBq0ps D,? N:
0 c(P )* +,$ %_b 0,775 )* 07 ,? N: 3 !* XWF " , (cF 0 .Q? 07
:dBq0s
10
ITU-R V.574-4
(2.6 &(Q fW!) .dBr (6.6 &(Q fW!) ! ""# ,# .,? N: 3 !* tu5 c(P )* +,$ /0' 67 :F , 07 0
:dBrs
(8.6 &(Q fW!) ! -. W ©U7 )* &! S| f μPa 20 0 )* 07 XWF 1? _`] .(651 R8! (IEC) $' 7(,6. 7G c KP %C $5 B $5 A ©U7F) / 0F
:dBC $5 dBB $5 dBA
(2.5 &(Q fW!) /0 12
)* 07 C #
D¦ 7 O f 89
:dBi
. W i?P c8 O 7 f 89
:dBd
$' 7(,6. 7G [$5 L 5' 1 / .5'F - (c, 0F -L /4$ .&='p W
(IEC)
1
(27-3 R8! (IEC) $' 7(,6. 7G c # 5 VL¨) : C xref WF . f x . /4 )* &! S| #.o Lx / xref
$5 (xref )* 07 ) Lx :45
. <5 #.o μPa 20 !'8 W _`] (F 0 # dB 15 !'(x 'L, 7 1 _`r <5 < :A U7 Lp / 20 μPa = 15 dB
$5
Lp (re 20 μPa) = 15 dB
:A U7 . <5 #.o (ampere) 5 1 # Np 10 !'(x /( ! , <5 < Np 10– = (A 1
)* 07 ) LI
:A U7 . <5 #.o $ 1 # dB 7 !'(x 'L, 7 &!'8 <5 < dB 7
= (mW 1 )* 07 ) Lp
:A U7 . <5 #.o F _b$. 1 # dB 50 !'(x 'L, 7 O 6C 3 &'S <5 < .dB 50 = (μV/m 1 )* 07 ) LE
11
ITU-R V.574-4
i4. L, 3 )* e J M4C %P ! /.S $5 3$'W /.S > %- cF h t' :95 &=! 4e Tc, Ur A i4.F /.+ 3 #.o ¡ #$ .WF ( < dB(20 μPa) 15 Np(1 A) 10dB(1 mW) 7 dB(1 μV/m) 50
.} 6b ' '8 -> q j >$ .WF . , 1 R8 MP 25 s$ 0 s2 #.o % 0 0 0Q,$ %^ M! W 3 !. '7 .* WF zzzzzzzzzz
- #$%& . /"$( " #$%& '() * +, " (IEC) ! * ./"$( 0 1 .$20 3 $4 /"$( "
