Transcript
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015), pp. 11-18 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2015.9.4.02
An Expert System of Measurement of Individual Knowledge for Teeth Treatment Debora Valentina Silitonga and Widodo Budiharto School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University
[email protected] Abstract Knowing how to take a good care of teeth is very important to be known by every people to have the healthy and strong teeth. Taking care in the wrong way will make teeth broken and cause many teeth problem. Expert system is a system which is built to solve problem for user in certain field. This research aims to design an expert system-based application to assist someone to know their level of knowledge in taking care of teeth. Through this application, user could know how to take care of teeth so then they could minimize the teeth problem. Keywords: Expert System, Measurement, Teeth Treatment, ECLIPSE
1. Introduction Artificial intelligent is one of computer knowledge which study about the possibility of building smart system which could be closer in human ability with combine the software and hardware. Expert system is one of observer’s area in articificial intelligent, expert system save expert ability in certain domain into computer program for getting decision or solution like an expert. Dentist study is one of study which possibility an expert system. Teeth are disgestion system which is very important and the first process of disgestion system to make food become smooth then it can be proceed to the next disgestion system. Without teeth, next disgestion system will have difficulty in processing food. Without taking care of teeth, teeth will be broken and cause a lot of problem, moreover it will cause the death. A valid initial assessment enables health providers to determine treatment need and priority, an accurate final diagnostic assessment assists patients and orthodontists to conclude if a worthwhile improvement is achieved. Orthodontists have developed several occlusal indices during the past few decades to evaluate treatment need, complexity, and success. Among the developed indices, Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) is one of the most common ones that is used to evaluate the quality of treatment. Teeth which has broken should be treated by dentist. If it is not be treated, the condition of teeth will be worse and it can’t be treated and cause painfulness. It will need more treatment which are so expensive[9]. These are some research about expert system like An expert system for diagnosis and management of oral ulcers [4]; Expert system fo determining the level of stress before pediatric dental treatment [5]; An expert system for oral diagnosis [6]. According to our knowledge no one designed expert system for determining the level of knowledge to teeth treatment using ECLIPSE.
2. Expert Systems Expert system is a system which using human ability that saved in a computer to solve problem which needs human ability [1].
ISSN: 1738-9984 IJSEIA Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015)
Definition of expert system based on Giarrantano, expert system is a computer system which can save much knowledge from one to many other expert, taking a conclusion and explaining like an expert do [2]. Based on definition above, it can be concluded that expert system is a part of disciple of artifiicial intelligent to help the expert in certain case. It is possible to help the users of expert system software who do not have experience before can solve a complicated problem, take a right decision like the expert always do.
3. The Function of the System The proposed system performs many functions. This system can save expert knowledge about teeth treatment. By saving the expert knowledge into a system, then the system is able to identify the level of human ability in treating the teeth. Identifying human ability, based on the answer from user that is same with the question which is given by system before. After the system identify of the level of user’s ability in treating the teeth, system give the solution such as an expert solution.
4. Design and Development of Expert System The idea behind creating the expert system is that it can enable many people to benefit from the expert knowledge. Expert system simulates the judgment and behavior of a human that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field. In the design and development of this expert system, we are using ECLIPSE. ECLIPSE has the explanation facilities of the question in the knowledge base and given the solution. In designing expert system application, there are many component which have to attent such as Knowledge Basem Inference Engine, and User Interface [2] as shown below: expertise User
Knowledge Base
facts
User Interface
Developer
Expertise
Inference Engine
expertise Expert Systems Figure 1. The Components of Expert System[2] 4.1. Knowledge Base In designing expert system, knowledge base is an important part. The quality of expert sysem depend on its knowledge base. Knowledge base is knowledge which is taken from the expert (knowledge acquisition) which is saved to be a knowledge base as facts and rules. The source of information or knowledge is taken by two phases. In the first phase, knowledge recorded through the creation interview with the expert. In the second phase, knowledge recorded through searching many variety source such as official website which focus in teeth study. It is very important to keep up a good oral hygiene routine to keep teeth and gums healthy at home. Gum disease is the largest cause of tooth loss in adults and has been linked to other medical problems such as, heart disease, strokes, diabetes, and respiratory (lung) disease. Gum disease can be treated and kept under control with regular cleaning sessions and check-ups, preventing further problems [5]. These are some teeth treatment that can be practice in home:
12
Brush teeth twice a day and use soft bristle of toothbrush Always use a toothbrush with soft or extra-soft bristle. The harder brush, the greater risk of harming gums
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015)
Change toothbrush every two to three months, or sooner if the filaments become worn Make a tiny circle when brushing teeth Use mouthwash Visit dentist twice (or more) a year for check-ups
This system consists of 7 questions. Answers from the user will determine the result. If the user only answer 3 questions, then it is categorized as low information about teeth treatment, then the system will recommend to go to the doctor to consult his teeth healthiness. At the end, system also give the solution in any condition from user’s answers. 4.2. Inference Engine An inference engine will interprets and evaluates the facts from knowledge base in our application. The benefit of inference engine is to take a decision by analyzing data by doing comparative facts and give conclusion based on rules which saved in knowledge base. There are two methods which is usually used in building inference engine. They are Forward Chaining and Backward Chaining. The method which is used is forward chaining. The process of forward chaining is started with inputing condition (if) and go to conclusion (then). IF
THEN
These are some rules which is used in ECLIPSE application. Rule 1 : IF answer “no” > 3 THEN should go to dentist Rule 2 : IF answer “no” = 0 THEN know very well
The result of decision which is made by system is not only take one rule but also more than one rule. FACTS
RULE
CONCLUSION RULE(n)
Figure 2. Process of Inference[1] The picture above is explained about the process of giving conclusion. This system is not only needed to fill full one rule, but also compile from some rules. In Eclipse to create a rule, a function named DEFRULE dibutuhhkan. DEFRULE is a place where some rules are placed in order to compare the user input with the facts. DEFRULE below is a sample of teeth treatment system. Below are example of defrule in our systems (defrule 1-yes-2 (answer (answer "yes") (id 1)) (question (id 2) (text ?text)) => (assert (ask (id 2)(text ?text))) ) (defrule 1-no (answer (answer "no") (id 1)) (question (id 2) (text ?text)) => (assert (solution (text "You need to brush your teeth twice a day.")))
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
13
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015)
(assert (ask (id 2)(text ?text))) ) When the user enters “yes”, the system will resume the second question. If user enters “no”, then the system will look for a solution (but not shown), then the system will continue with the next question. The complete flowchart of the system is shown below: Teeth treatment system
Brush teeth twice a day
Use soft bristle
Change toothbrush in months
Make tiny circle
Clean between teeth
Use mouthwash
Visit dentist twice a year
Calculate result
Conclusion
End
Figure 3. Flowchart of the System
14
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015)
Designing application of expert system using the context diagram. Context diagram contains of a process which is represent whole process that are in the system, and describing a relationship of input output between system and entity in outside of system [3].
Output the result and solutions Ask the User Input facts Give answer User
Expert System
Update
Developer
Figure 4. Context Diagram of the System There are two outside entity which is related with the system. Those are user and developer. System gives the statements to the user. User do the process with the system by inputing an answer yes or no. System process the data and give the output as a result and solutions.Developer do as a organizer system. Developer input the facts and update the new facts.
5. Experimental Result We develop the system using Eclipse and JESS library. The system is shown by using the understandable language for user.
Figure 5. List of Questions in Teeth Treatment Systems System give some questions which is shown by using English, then user will be asked to input yes or no. Table 1 show the result of experiment.
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
15
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015)
Figure 6. A sample of System Result and Solutions Table 1. Result of the Experiment No.
Question
Answer
Status
1
Do not brush teeth Do not know how to Correct twice a day, do not use brush teeth soft bristle, do not make tiny circle
2.
Brush teeth twice a day, use soft bristle, make tiny circle, change the toothbrush in three months, use dental tape
3
Brush teeth twice a Know well about teeth Correct day, use soft bristle, treatment. make tiny circle, change the toothbrush in three months, use dental tape, use mouthwash, visit the dentist twice a year
Know about teeth Correct treatment but need to go to dentist for more information
6. Conclusion This paper has presented the design and development of an expert system as a standart of individual knowledge to teeth treatment using ECLIPSE application. This application is able to improve the individual knowledge. Beside that, it else can give the solution as an information about how to treat teeth well such as solution which has been given like an expert. From the experiment, it shows that the success rate is 100% as expected.
References [1] [2]
16
E. Turban, “Decision Support and Expert Systems: Management Support Systems”, (4th Edition). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Pretince Hall, (1995). J. Giarratano and G. Riley, “Expert Systems: Principles and Programming”, (4th Edition), Thompson Course Technology, (2005).
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015)
[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
R. S. Pressman, “Software Engineering: A Practitioners Approach”, (7th Edition), McGraw Hill, (2010). A. Sh.A and H. I. Saudi, “An Expert System for Diagnosis and Management of Oral Ulcers”, Tanta Dental Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, (2014), pp. 42-46. B. Sorana-Maria, C. Manuela, G. Adrian and P. Mariana, “Expert System for Determining the Level of Stress before Pediatric Dental Treatment”, Procedia Technology, vol. 12, (2014), pp. 548-557. L. Abey, “An Expert System for Oral Diagnosis”, Journal of Dental Education, vol. 51, no. 8, (1987), pp. 475-480. http://www.dentalhealth.org/tell-me-about/topic/caring-for-teeth/caring-for-my-teeth. http://www.simplestepsdental.com/SS/ihtSS/r.==/st.31845/t.452802/pr.3.html. K. Bahaa, G. Noor and Y. Yousif, “The Artificial Intelligence Approach for Diagnosis, Treatment and Modelling in Orthodontic”, Principles in Contemporary Orthodontics, IntechOpen, (2011).
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
17
International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications Vol. 9, No. 4 (2015)
18
Copyright ⓒ 2015 SERSC
