Transcript
I 1 Care and Maintenance
Dust pro tec tion is pro vi ded by a fle xible du st cove r which should always be used when the instrument is not in use. Th e stand should be cleaned from tim e to time with a linen or lea ther cloth; alcohol must nol be us ed as it altacks th e paint, but pe troleum is well suited for c lea ning th e pa inted s urfaces. Pale spo ts on the o bjec t stage can be re moved by ru bb in g with paraf fin oi l or vaseline. Particular ca re should be taken when undertaking studie s using acids or o th e r aggressive c he mi ca ls. Direct contact of these substances with the stand o r op tics must be avoided under all circumsta nc es, and all parts should be ca refull y cleaned aft e r use. The o pti cs must be kept scrupul o usly c lean . Dust ca n be removed from glass surfaces by means of a dry> fine-haired brush, blowing ge ntly across th e surface whilst brushing. If th e din is difficult to remove, a clean cloth, mois tened with distilled water, can be used or, if trus also has n o e ffec t, pure a lco ho l may be applied . Pa rti cul ar care should be taken when clea ning anti~ref1ection coatings. The outer e ye piece surfaces an d the front elements of th e o bjecti ves ha ve coa tings o f approximately the same hardness as glass and must be co rre spo ndingly care fully clea ned . Objecti ves should not be scre wed apart during cleaning. If damage or dirt is no tice d inside the m , th ey sho uld be re turne d to us for repair. Cleaning of the inn er su rfac es of the eyepie ces is also advi sed against. Mi crosco pes bein g used in hot andlor humid cJim a tes require s pecial care. It sho uld be e nsure d that a build-up of fungu s does not occu r, which is managed , in th e first place, by th o rough and m eticulous clea ning a nd storage in a cupboard whose inside temperature is at least 5 OC above th a t o f th e roo m . It mu st also be provided with ai ring holes, loosely plugged with co tton woo l or gauze as protection aga inst dust. If thi s type of sto ra ge is not possible, the microscope mu st be
kept in a closed co ntainer with an adequ a te amount o f drying
age nt (e.g. sil ica gel) . These m easures should be taken even in
labo rato rie s with air co nditioning. In warm and dry cli m ates)
du st is the greatest ene m y. The instrument should, there fore,
be cove red with the du st co ve r immediate ly after use o r clea n
ing and store d in a cupboard. If a humid period of lon ger than
one m on th occurs, storage in a wa rm cupboard, as described
above, is des ira ble.
Proper handling of the mi croscope will ensure decades of se r
vice. If, however, a check over or re pa ir beco m e s necessary,
please contact yo ur Le itz agency o r our Tec hnica l Service
direct.
Technical Service
Ernst Leitz Wetzl.r GmbH,
postr.ch 2007
D-6330 Wetzl.r,
West Germ.ny.
Telex: 483727 eltsc
2
Fig. 1
Leitz LABORLUX S with stage no. 11,
condenser no. 56 and binocular tub e S. 1 Eyepiece
2 Binocular lube S 45°
3 Analyser slit
4 Objectives
5 Specimen stage no. 11
6 Coaxial drive for moving th e specimen
7 Screws to attach object gu id e no. 12
8 Height adjustment of th e co ndense r mount
9 Condenser mount with slid e changer
10 Adjustable height stop of the cond e nse r mount 11 Centring screws fo r condenser mo unt
12 Condenser no. 56
13 Field di aph ragm
14 Lamphousing 20
15 Mains switch (concealed)
3
2 Assembling the microscope
Mounting the lubes
Inserting the eyepieces
Press the lever in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 2); the tube
The eyepieces are insert ed into the eyepiece tub es (Fig. 3). For the LABOR LU X S, Leitz eyepieces are used which are calcu lated for the mechani cal tube length of 160 mm. Th ese eye pieces are dist inguished from those for 170 rum tube length by the ad diti onal identification ofth e fi e ld of view index after the magnification, e.g. JOx /20. If Lei tz eyepieces without this iden
can DOW be inserted into the quick-change mount. Once the
tube has been inserted allow the lever to slide back. The tube can be ro tated by 360 0 and clamped in an y position by slightly pulling the leve r.
tiflcation ofthe fie ld
of view index are to be used , a spacer ring
(order no . 519653) must be pushed over the eyepiece mount on the side of th e tub e.
Fig. 2 M ounting th e tubes
4
Fi g. 3 Inse rting the eyepieces
I
T he total magnification of the microscope is given by:
Screwing in the objectives
reproducti on ratio of the objecti ve x eyep iece magnifi ca tion
Screw the objecti ves into the nosepiece (Fig. 4) in such a way that stepwise mag nifica tion change is possible (e.g. in the order 4, 10, 40, etc).
(x tube facto r). Exam ple: 25/ 0.50 objecti ve IOx/18 eyepi ece tube fact or Ix To tal magnificatio n: 25 x 10 x 1= 250x
All Leitz microscope object ives from a magn ification of 2.5x
and calcu lated for a tu be length of160 mm ca n be used on th e Lei tz LAB ORLUX S. Please no te in th is cootext the field iUu mjnation capac ity of the condensers.
M icroscope o bjecti ves calcul ated for 170 mm tube le ngth ca n be used fro m 16x magn ifica ti o n.
Fig. 4 Screw ing in th e objectives
5
Identification markings on the objecti'ves (Fig. 5)
1 Mechanical tube lengt h
If there is no indica tion of field fl attening, the objective is an achromat with optimum correction, for use with up to 18 field
of view index.
The di stance in mm from th e objective shoulder to the edge of
4 Reproduction sca le in the int ermediate image
the tube.
Size ratio be tween the intermediate image and the object, e.g.
2 Cover glass
10 : 1 The engraving 0.17 is the thick ness o f th e covergl ass.
A dash (-) instead of a number indi ca tes th at the objective can
be used for s pecimens with o r without a coverglass. 5 Numerical aperture
3 Field Oatness of th e objective Physical identification of the object ive's resolving power
EF objectives are systems with a more or less flat fi e ld of view of up to 18 mm intermediate image diameter. 6 Immersio n medium
PLAN objectives ar e sys tems with a flattened fi e ld of vi ew up Immersion media can be, for example. oil . water (W) or glycer
to 22.5 mm intermedia te image di ame ter. ine (GLYC). The objective must always be used with the engraved immersion medium.
Befo re the immersion objective is focu sed, a drop of immer
sion medium should be ap plied to the object without air Fig. 5 Objectiv e identification bubbles. 7 Phase cootrast objectives
Objectives with phase ring for phase contrast observa tion.
These objectives have green writing (with the exception of achromats with black sleeves). The labe l for the condenser side annular stops necessary for these objectives (e.g. PHACO 3) in a slide or in the turret platc of tbe UKL phase contrast condenser (e.g. PHACO 3 = set turret plate to 3) is also to be found on the phase contrast objec tives. 8 Col oured ring indicating the objective magnification 9 Immersi on objectives
6
Allaehing Ihe objeel guide The o bjecl guid e no. 12 for left- o r right-hand ope rati o n is allached to th e left or right of the specimen stage with two screws (6.l). Inserting the condensers
Rotate th e condenser clamp (2) until the dots o n the knurled knob and on th e condenser mount coincide. Then lower lhe conde nse r USing the knob (7.1) until th e co nd e nse r (7.6)ca n be easil y pushed into the mount as far as the stop. Now turn th e co nd enser cl amp in the direction orthe arrow. Th e condenser
is now firml y fi xed in the slide change r. Co ndense rs LK and UKL are inserted in Ihe same way as condenser no. 56 (ill us Ira ted, 7.6).
Fig. 6 Attaching th e object gu ide 1 Fixing screws for o bjec l guide no. 12
.,.-
Conde nse r no. 56 With the two·lens co nden~e r nO. 56. homogeneous illumina ti on is pns>ible for all object field s oro bjcct;ves from 4x ma gni ficati on at fi eld of view index 20 with out additional swinging in and out of the front le ns. Conde nse r no. 56 works with th e nume rica l ap e rtu re A 0.90. If oil cap no. 512652 is sc rewed on, th e num e rica l ape rtu re can be ra ised to A 1.25 when Leitz immersion oil is appli ed between th e cond en ser and the specim en. To screw th e oil cap on, the prot ective ring mu st be screwed ofT with a knurled ring.
Fig. 7 Inserting the con denser 1 Height adjustme nt of the con denser holde r 2 Co ndenser clamp 3 Conde nser holder 4 Ce ntrin g screws for condenser mount 5 Adju stable heigh t stop fo r the co ndenser holde r 6 Conde nser no. S6
7
The aperture diaphragm is adju sted with th e lever The re is a scale for reproducible setting of the condenser diaphragm. The slit at th e s ide is inte nded fo r the inse rtion of slides with annular stops for simple darkfieid or phase contrast illumina tion. These can only be taken out of condenser no. 56 again aft er the lever has bee n presse d. Condenser LK The LK cond e nser has a hinged co ndenser top S 1.1. When th e con denser top isswung out, th e lower part of the cond eoser can illuminate aU object fi e lds of o bjecti ves from 2.5x upwards with field of vie w ind ex 20. When using objectives o f lOx and higher the condenser top must be swung in . This is done with the handle (8.2).
With co ndenser top A 0.90 S 1.1 swung in, the co ndense r LK works with the numerical aperture A 0.90. The image of the field diaphragm is produced with th e conde nse r top S 1.1 in a gla ss medium 1.2 mm ove r th e stage surface.
The condenser top of the LK cond enser is interchangeabl e via a threa d with other cond ense r top s with a high er num erical ap ~ rlure or tops with a longe r working distan ce. Darkfi eld co n
dens er tops D 0.80 or D 1.19 can also be screwe d on ins tead of the S 1.1 standard top. Furth er information on condenser tops can be fo und in th e tabl e o n page 10.
The ape rture iris diaphragm is adjus ted with th c leve r (8.3).
There
is a scale for repr oducible se tting of the cond enser
diaphr agm.
Fig. 7b Condenser no. 56 I. Protective ring
2. Locking lever for f>hd e with difTu sion disc and ann ular stops
3. Slil
ror slide with diffusion di sc and annu lar stops 4. Lever for adju stment of aperture diaphragm
5. Dovetail guide
8
Fig. 8 Condenser LK t A 0.90 S I.l Co ndenser top 2 H0.25 With OEL 100/1.32 objective
OEL 1.32
(Imme rsion oil on front element.)
0.70 S 4
In
0.55 S 15
In
DO.80-0.95 D 1.19-1.44
Conde nser top in light path Condenser top in light path (Immersion oi l o n front element)
UKL ul)iversal condenser for phase contrast Condenser top
Revolver setting
Objective with engraving
Application
0.90 S 1.1
H I 2 3
AU objectives PHACO I PHAC02 PHAC03
5
AU objectives with aperture
BrighLfield Phase contrast Phase contrast Phas e contrast Darkfteld
< 0.75
10
Intercep t distance 4 mm. With specimen slides of thickness> 1mm. Intercep t distance 15 mm . With specim e n slides of thickness> 6 mm. Darkfie ld. With objecti ve apertures <0.75. Dark field. With objective apertures < 1.10.
Attaching the I.mphousing 20
Changing the lamp
Lamphousing 20 is plugged into th e guide sockets situated at the back of the stand and secured with the screw (11.1) (you may find it handy to use a coin) . Then connect th e microscope via the conne cting sock.e t (11.2) with the ma ins cable to th e mains. The switch (lU) is For switching the illumination on and off. The lamp intensity can be regulated with th e k.nurled k.nob (11.4).
Press the lamp sock.e t (12.1) , unlock by turning to the le ft and take it out of the lamp housing. Remove the defe ct lamp. When
Fig. It Attaching iamphollsing 20 1 Fixing screw 2 Connecting sockel ror mains cable 3 On /off swilch 4 Intensity regulation
inserting the new lamp, do not remo ve its protecti ve wrapping until the lamp is in position . Return the lamp sock e t to th e lam phollsing, press in and lock in place by turning to the right
Fi g. 12 Changing the lamp I Lam p sockel 2 Intensi ty regulati on
11
Operation of the microscope
Focusing the image
This e nables ce rtain parts o f the specimen to be se t reprod uc ibly.
Pla ce a specimen on the stage or slide it i,nla the m ounting Turn in a medium-power objective e.g. EI' 10/0.25 by rotating plate (13.1) if available.
Specimen stage no. II (1.5) ca n be supplied with two clips to th e nosepiece. Switc h o n th e illuminalion (11.3 ) an d regul ate secure the specjmen. Instead of these cl ips, object guid e no. 12 th e intensity by turning knob (12.2). can be attached to the left or right of th e stage for left- or right
Turn the sc re w (7.5) by a pprox. 5 ro tations to the left and use handed operation (Fig. 6). the height adjust ment (7.1) to mov e the condense r to th e upper It bas an adjustment range of76x 26 m m . stop near the specime n. Precise movement of the specime n wlthin a range of With the LK co nd e nse r, the conde nse r lOp (8. 1) is sw ung into lhe illumin a ting light path with th e handle (8.2 ). [fyou change 76x 52111m is possible with the mechanical stage no. 18 to objectives of less than lOx magnification afterwa rds , swing (Fig. 13). T he object guide no. 12 and mechanical stage no. 18 ha ve a ve r th e co ndense r to p o ut of lhe illumina ting li ght path. nier scale (1 3.2) for adjustmen t of both the x and the yax is. Ope n th e a perture diaphragm (8.3) a nd th e fi e ld diaphrag m (1.13) . Adjus tment of the binocular tubes Fig. 13 Mechanical stage no. 18 1 Specimen mounting plate 2 Vernier scale
If usi ng th e binoc ul ar tubes, adjust the interpupill ary di sta nce until the images for both e yes comple tely cover each other and appear as a single circul ar image. Then transfer the interpupil lary distance (14.1) to th eseales (14.2) of th e two eye piece tubes. How to compensate for vision defects: Look throu gh the right-h and eyepiece with yo ur right eye and focus the specimen with the fin e drive. Then watch the same part of tb e specimen wit h yo ur le ft eye a nd ro ta te th e le ft-h a nd eyepiece tube until th e same part of the object is in sharp foc us. D o not use the fine drive for this. This setti ng should be rechecked after centIatio n of th e condenser. Whe n us in g the binocular FSA o r FSA-R pb oto tubes (Fig. 14) the tube leng th is automatically com pensated when the eye pieces are se t at the reqllired int erp upillary di stance.
t2
The sy mbols on Lhe rotary kn ob o f the binocular photo Lubes
Centring (he condenser and setting the fieJd diaphragm
mean:
Focus the specimen using the coarse and fine drive.
100 % light to th e eye pieces
L
1. Close the fie ld di aphragm. Loosen tbe stop screw and raise
50% light to the eye pieces, 50% to the pho to exit
10 % light to the eyepieces,
90 % La the photo exit
The viewing a ngl e of the binoc ul a r SV and FSA-VR tubes ca n be adjusted by tiltin g Lhe front part of the tube between 0 and 40°, The user can thus set or alter the viewing height to suit himself.
4. Open th e field diaphragm until i(just disappears from the field of view.
Fig. 14 Selting the binonll ar Lube s
Fig. 15 Cente ring the condenser and se ll ing the field cli
