Latvia - Deaths From Smoking

Transcript

MORTALITY FROM SMOKING IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 1950−2000 (2nd edition, revised June 2006: www.deathsfromsmoking.net) Richard Peto, Alan D Lopez, Jillian Boreham and Michael Thun LATVIA Raw data (pages 272−73, 274−75) Analyses (pages 276−77, 278−79, 280−81) Appendix (pages 282−83) 272 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 LATVIA: 2000 No. of deaths Standardised rates (Source: WHO) (defined overleaf) All ages ALL CAUSES Tuberculosis HIV Other infective and parasitic ALL CANCER Mouth and pharynx cancer Oesophagus cancer Stomach cancer Colorectal cancer Liver cancer Pancreas cancer Larynx cancer Lung cancer Malignant melanoma Female breast cancer Cervix cancer Other uterine cancer Ovarian cancer Prostate cancer Bladder cancer Other and ill−defined cancer sites Hodgkin’s disease Myeloma and non− Hodgkin lymphomas Leukaemia Diabetes ALL VASCULAR DISEASE Rheumatic heart disease and fever Hypertensive disease Ischaemic heart disease Pulmonary embolism and other venous Cerebrovascular disease Other vascular disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Other respiratory disease Peptic ulcer Liver cirrhosis Renal disease Pregnancy, birth Congenital and perinatal causes Ill−defined causes Other medical causes ALL NON− MEDICAL CAUSES Road traffic accidents Fire Suicide Homicide M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F F F F M M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F POPULATION: (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 16155 16050 242 54 2 1 37 47 3001 2568 120 17 84 10 315 270 263 340 79 50 163 164 84 5 870 169 31 64 413 117 134 159 233 140 47 431 420 12 10 79 79 97 100 84 151 7710 10156 54 70 31 43 4492 5164 37 42 2271 4143 825 694 215 117 339 185 91 65 208 120 102 130 5 132 91 457 776 688 658 2847 926 483 150 152 62 618 152 217 80 0−34 1088 373 15 7 1 1 6 12 51 38 − − − − 4 3 1 2 1 − − 3 − − 4 2 − 1 1 4 − 1 − − − 18 11 5 1 8 1 10 8 4 − 86 18 2 − − − 16 3 − − 10 1 58 14 3 1 20 4 1 − 7 4 2 4 4 117 77 29 15 51 26 695 162 201 56 21 9 141 24 51 15 35−69 All ages 8848 4107 196 33 1 − 21 15 1773 1175 90 7 64 4 201 107 123 122 48 19 109 58 65 4 575 65 17 35 268 76 68 87 78 52 10 252 176 5 4 46 34 48 31 49 72 3644 1752 42 37 20 15 2196 805 21 20 887 661 478 214 109 26 254 84 60 7 176 83 50 45 1 12 10 158 56 429 279 1916 469 255 71 116 34 414 82 156 56 M=male F=female 1655.2 765.9 23.0 3.7 0.2 0.1 3.6 3.4 293.9 137.4 11.6 0.9 7.9 0.5 31.0 13.7 27.1 16.5 7.6 2.6 15.8 8.2 7.8 0.3 82.2 8.7 2.9 3.6 25.1 7.3 7.0 8.9 24.6 15.0 2.1 41.8 22.1 1.1 0.6 7.9 4.1 9.6 5.2 8.2 7.9 822.6 437.7 5.0 3.7 3.2 2.1 477.0 218.1 3.9 2.3 249.8 177.0 83.7 34.5 22.0 5.3 33.0 10.3 9.1 2.7 19.4 7.6 10.6 6.5 0.4 19.0 13.4 56.2 32.2 69.1 35.9 265.4 61.4 43.2 10.9 14.3 4.1 57.8 9.8 20.1 6.1 1087.3 1285.7 Annual death rates / 100,000 (zero denoted by −) 0−34 35−69 0−4 206.5 79.2 2.7 1.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 2.9 9.2 6.8 − − − − 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 − − 0.5 − − 0.7 0.4 − 0.2 0.2 0.7 − 0.2 − − − 3.4 1.9 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.2 1.8 1.5 0.7 − 15.3 3.3 0.4 − − − 2.9 0.5 − − 1.7 0.2 10.3 2.6 0.5 0.2 3.8 0.8 0.2 − 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7 31.7 22.6 6.2 3.5 9.8 5.2 123.3 30.3 35.2 9.8 4.1 1.9 24.5 4.2 9.2 3.0 550.8 534.7 287.1 223.9 − − − − 4.0 12.8 4.0 2.1 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 4.0 2.1 − − − − − − − − 2.0 2.1 − − − − − − − − − − 2.0 2.1 − − 4.0 2.1 − − − − − 2.1 − 200.8 149.3 20.1 14.9 16.1 8.5 36.1 29.9 6.0 − 6.0 4.3 − − 4.0 6.4 49.8 46.9 2138.2 742.1 42.7 5.8 0.2 − 4.8 2.7 452.6 212.3 22.6 1.3 15.6 0.7 50.7 19.4 31.8 22.3 12.3 3.4 26.9 10.6 16.4 0.8 148.7 11.8 4.4 6.2 48.0 13.3 12.4 15.8 20.8 13.5 1.8 63.6 32.0 1.3 0.7 11.4 6.2 12.6 5.6 12.0 13.1 919.8 319.8 9.8 6.6 5.1 2.8 554.9 147.5 5.6 3.7 232.2 121.2 112.2 38.1 29.0 4.7 57.8 14.7 13.7 1.3 40.9 14.6 12.3 8.1 0.2 2.9 1.7 36.8 10.1 99.5 50.4 413.2 82.6 53.3 12.5 25.8 6.0 88.9 14.3 32.1 9.8 470.5 576.0 5−9 55.1 21.5 − − − − − 1.4 9.6 2.9 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 1.4 − − − 1.4 − 6.9 2.9 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 1.4 − − − − − − − − 5.5 1.4 − − 2.8 4.3 35.8 11.5 8.3 1.4 4.1 4.3 1.4 − − − 72.6 69.8 10−14 15−19 20−24 25−29 30−34 35.6 27.5 − − − − − 1.1 6.3 8.8 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 3.1 7.7 − − − − 3.1 1.1 − − 3.1 − − − − − − − − − 2.1 − 1.0 − − − 1.0 1.1 − − − − − 1.1 − 1.0 2.2 − 2.2 2.1 1.1 22.0 9.9 5.2 5.5 1.0 − 4.2 1.1 − 1.1 95.4 90.9 123.2 37.8 − − − − − 1.1 5.5 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 1.1 − 1.1 − 2.2 − 1.1 − − − 5.5 − − − − − − − − − 1.1 − 4.4 − − − 2.2 − − − − − − − − 1.1 − 2.2 1.1 4.4 3.4 102.3 32.1 38.5 14.9 − − 22.0 4.6 7.7 4.6 90.9 87.3 258.0 62.0 − − − 1.3 − − 6.1 2.5 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 1.2 − − − − − − − − − − 3.7 − 1.2 1.3 − − − 1.3 1.2 − 19.7 2.5 − − − − 2.5 − − − − − 17.2 2.5 1.2 − 2.5 1.3 − − 1.2 − − 2.5 1.3 8.6 − 3.7 − 7.4 5.1 206.4 45.6 74.9 25.3 3.7 − 40.5 5.1 11.1 5.1 81.4 79.0 291.1 79.8 6.0 3.7 1.2 − 2.4 3.7 7.2 9.8 − − − − 1.2 1.2 − 1.2 1.2 − − 1.2 − − − − − − − 2.5 − 1.2 − − − 1.2 1.2 1.2 − 2.4 − − 1.2 2.4 − 27.8 9.8 − − − − 7.2 2.5 − − 1.2 1.2 19.3 6.1 1.2 1.2 3.6 − 1.2 − 1.2 1.2 1.2 − − 1.2 2.5 12.1 4.9 15.7 6.1 206.5 36.8 54.3 11.0 1.2 3.7 45.9 9.8 14.5 1.2 82.8 81.5 395.4 102.1 12.8 5.0 − − 2.6 − 25.7 21.4 − − − − 3.9 2.5 1.3 1.3 − − − 2.5 − − 3.9 2.5 − 1.3 1.3 2.5 − − − − − 9.0 2.5 2.6 − 3.9 1.3 1.3 3.8 1.3 − 48.8 8.8 2.6 − − − 10.3 1.3 − − 7.7 − 28.2 7.6 1.3 − 11.6 1.3 − − 6.4 3.8 1.3 − 3.8 3.9 2.5 5.1 1.3 20.5 7.6 254.2 46.7 59.1 10.1 12.8 1.3 57.8 8.8 27.0 2.5 77.9 79.3 Latvia June 2006 273 2000: LATVIA Annual death rates / 100,000 9th ICD/10th ICD categories (zero denoted by −) 35−39 40−44 45−49 50−54 55−59 60−64 65−69 517.6 165.6 23.4 4.4 − − − − 22.2 38.9 1.2 − − − 3.5 1.1 1.2 2.2 1.2 − 2.3 − 1.2 − 3.5 1.1 − 2.2 10.0 11.1 − 1.1 − 1.2 − 4.7 7.8 − − 1.2 − 1.2 2.2 3.5 3.3 92.5 26.7 5.9 − − − 41.0 5.6 1.2 − 4.7 5.6 39.8 15.6 − 1.1 21.1 5.6 1.2 − 11.7 6.7 5.9 1.1 1.1 2.3 1.1 14.1 3.3 34.0 12.2 285.7 60.0 53.9 15.6 9.4 3.3 63.2 11.1 31.6 10.0 85.4 90.0 856.8 252.5 39.4 4.4 1.2 − 4.8 1.1 58.5 90.4 1.2 1.1 3.6 − 10.7 9.9 3.6 5.5 2.4 1.1 6.0 1.1 1.2 − 13.1 1.1 1.2 4.4 24.3 13.2 2.2 2.2 − 1.2 − 10.7 16.5 − 1.1 − 3.3 3.6 3.3 4.8 1.1 190.9 58.4 4.8 2.2 2.4 − 107.4 14.3 − − 19.1 16.5 57.3 25.4 − − 32.2 11.0 11.9 − 26.3 7.7 1.2 − − − 2.2 19.1 1.1 68.0 17.6 398.6 57.3 65.6 4.4 23.9 4.4 90.7 13.2 39.4 5.5 83.8 90.7 1155.3 378.2 49.9 6.1 − − 2.8 2.4 124.8 118.8 4.2 − 12.5 − 18.0 10.9 9.7 3.6 4.2 1.2 8.3 8.5 6.9 − 29.1 6.1 1.4 6.1 41.2 12.1 2.4 4.8 2.8 2.8 1.2 15.3 14.5 1.4 1.2 6.9 2.4 1.4 2.4 8.3 3.6 349.5 99.4 5.5 1.2 1.4 − 195.6 26.7 − 3.6 66.6 36.4 80.4 31.5 5.5 2.4 51.3 17.0 16.6 − 29.1 8.5 9.7 3.6 − 1.4 − 26.4 6.1 69.3 35.2 410.5 75.2 52.7 12.1 22.2 2.4 97.1 9.7 43.0 10.9 72.1 82.5 1869.8 600.0 53.1 7.9 − − 4.8 2.6 329.6 181.5 35.4 1.3 11.3 − 33.8 15.9 40.2 13.2 6.4 5.3 22.5 5.3 3.2 − 85.2 11.9 1.6 2.6 58.3 9.3 7.9 15.9 6.4 6.4 − 59.5 26.5 − − 8.0 5.3 9.6 2.6 9.6 10.6 644.7 197.4 6.4 2.6 1.6 2.6 379.4 60.9 8.0 6.6 128.6 79.5 120.6 45.0 11.3 1.3 64.3 10.6 12.9 2.6 45.0 13.2 11.3 7.9 − 4.8 2.6 45.0 6.6 96.5 58.3 537.0 96.7 56.3 9.3 37.0 4.0 104.5 11.9 38.6 15.9 62.2 75.5 2336.6 811.9 47.9 6.3 − − 5.0 6.3 506.6 246.2 24.8 1.3 18.2 − 59.4 15.2 14.9 24.0 9.9 3.8 38.0 16.4 33.0 2.5 183.2 18.9 3.3 8.8 59.3 11.4 15.2 30.3 24.8 14.9 1.3 57.8 30.3 3.3 − 9.9 3.8 11.6 3.8 9.9 11.4 981.8 311.9 14.9 10.1 9.9 5.1 618.8 135.1 5.0 3.8 222.8 125.0 110.6 32.8 33.0 7.6 79.2 20.2 16.5 1.3 36.3 22.7 5.0 3.8 − 1.7 2.5 47.9 17.7 117.2 51.8 448.8 102.3 56.1 15.2 21.5 8.8 105.6 16.4 31.4 6.3 60.6 79.2 3400.7 1158.8 39.7 7.1 − − 9.9 2.4 867.5 301.2 41.4 1.2 31.5 2.4 94.4 30.6 53.0 36.5 23.2 8.2 54.6 14.1 28.1 − 289.7 17.6 8.3 7.1 63.5 14.1 23.5 24.7 39.7 24.8 4.7 134.1 35.3 − 1.2 29.8 8.2 14.9 8.2 14.9 23.5 1629.1 569.4 11.6 17.6 5.0 2.4 1038.1 291.8 3.3 4.7 413.9 201.2 157.3 51.8 51.3 8.2 82.8 22.4 14.9 1.2 66.2 27.1 18.2 20.0 − 3.3 3.5 39.7 15.3 129.1 68.2 433.8 89.4 44.7 11.8 36.4 8.2 76.2 20.0 23.2 10.6 60.4 85.0 4830.4 1827.6 45.7 4.1 − − 6.5 4.1 1258.7 508.9 50.0 4.1 32.6 2.7 134.8 52.0 100.0 71.1 39.1 4.1 56.5 28.7 41.3 2.7 437.0 26.0 15.2 12.3 79.3 21.9 35.6 31.5 71.7 43.5 5.5 163.0 93.0 4.3 1.4 23.9 20.5 45.7 16.4 32.6 38.3 2550.0 975.4 19.6 12.3 15.2 9.6 1504.3 497.9 21.7 6.8 769.6 384.4 219.6 64.3 102.2 12.3 73.9 16.4 21.7 4.1 71.7 16.4 34.8 20.5 − 6.5 − 65.2 20.5 182.6 109.4 378.3 97.1 43.5 19.2 30.4 10.9 84.8 17.8 17.4 9.6 46.0 73.1 70−74 75−79 80+/NK 6293.8 2930.6 48.0 4.2 − − 16.9 12.7 1669.5 617.6 50.8 2.8 33.9 2.8 135.6 58.1 183.6 83.6 42.4 18.4 76.3 39.7 31.1 1.4 494.4 51.0 31.1 5.7 72.2 12.7 31.2 46.7 178.0 98.9 11.3 242.9 111.9 2.8 1.4 19.8 26.9 48.0 39.7 42.4 42.5 3596.0 1882.4 22.6 24.1 2.8 9.9 2138.4 964.6 14.1 7.1 1138.4 787.5 279.7 89.2 113.0 31.2 76.3 24.1 39.5 14.2 33.9 17.0 53.7 26.9 − 2.8 1.4 73.4 42.5 220.3 116.1 307.9 97.7 53.7 9.9 31.1 2.8 73.4 21.2 11.3 4.2 35.4 70.6 8691.4 18855.0 5445.5 12525.0 22.9 76.3 13.9 7.4 − − − − 11.4 15.3 7.9 13.0 1760.0 2122.1 912.9 849.7 34.3 45.8 5.9 9.3 34.3 15.3 2.0 5.6 182.9 229.0 114.9 113.2 165.7 343.5 146.5 154.0 57.1 38.2 15.8 18.6 85.7 91.6 75.2 68.6 34.3 15.3 − − 417.1 328.2 77.2 50.1 − 22.9 15.8 29.7 103.0 76.1 29.7 24.1 37.6 46.4 25.7 46.4 262.9 351.1 114.3 251.9 23.8 31.5 245.7 244.3 178.2 118.7 5.7 − 5.9 1.9 51.4 68.7 21.8 26.0 68.6 76.3 33.7 29.7 51.4 53.4 57.4 37.1 5640.0 13129.8 3800.0 9532.5 − 15.3 15.8 14.8 28.6 38.2 13.9 26.0 3114.3 7465.6 1879.2 5057.5 28.6 45.8 13.9 18.6 2028.6 4702.3 1708.9 3825.6 440.0 862.6 168.3 590.0 165.7 259.5 49.5 79.8 91.4 167.9 49.5 102.0 34.3 76.3 25.7 64.9 62.9 15.3 25.7 14.8 74.3 137.4 51.5 66.8 − − 5.7 7.6 − 5.6 194.3 1603.1 112.9 1146.6 280.0 618.3 198.0 317.3 297.1 572.5 140.6 287.6 34.3 15.3 17.8 13.0 22.9 − 13.9 18.6 74.3 183.2 19.8 39.0 11.4 30.5 7.9 3.7 17.5 13.1 50.5 53.9 M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F F F F M M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F ALL CAUSES 001−999/A00−Y89 Tuberculosis 010−018, 137/ A15−A19, B90 279.5, 279.6/B20−B24 HIV Other infective and parasitic ALL CANCER Rest of 001−139/rest of A00−B99 excl A33,A34 140−208/C00−C97 Mouth and pharynx cancer Oesophagus cancer 140−149/C00−C14 150/C15 Stomach cancer 151/C16 Colorectal cancer 153, 154/C18−C21 Liver cancer 155.0, 155.1/C22 Pancreas cancer 157/C25 Larynx cancer 161/C32 Lung cancer 162/C33, C34 Malignant melanoma 172/C43 Female breast cancer Cervix cancer Other uterine cancer Ovarian cancer Prostate cancer Bladder cancer 174/C50 180/C53 179, 182/C54, C55 183.0/C56 185/C61 188/C67 Other and ill−defined cancer sites Hodgkin’s disease Rest of 140−199/ rest of C00−C80, C97 201/C81 Myeloma and non− Hodgkin lymphomas Leukaemia 200, 202−203/ C82−C90, C96 204−208/C91−C95 Diabetes 250/E10−E14 ALL VASCULAR DISEASE Rheumatic heart disease and fever Hypertensive disease 390−459/I00−I99 Ischaemic heart disease Pulmonary embolism and other venous Cerebrovascular disease Other vascular disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Other respiratory disease Peptic ulcer 410−414/I20−I25 390−398/I00−I09 401−405/I10−I15 415.1, 451−453/ I26, I80−I82 430−438/I60−I69 Rest of 390−459/ rest of I00−I99 490−496/ J40−J47, J67 Rest of 460−519/ rest of J00−J98 531−533/K25−K27 Liver cirrhosis 571/K70, K74 Renal disease 580−590/N00−N19 Pregnancy, birth Congenital and perinatal causes Ill−defined causes 630−676/A34,O00−O99 740−779/A33, P00−P96, Q00−Q99 780−799/R00−R99 Other medical causes Rest of 001−799/ rest of A00−R99 E800−E999/V01−Y89 ALL NON− MEDICAL CAUSES Road traffic E810−E819, E826−E829/ accidents part of V01−V99, Y850 Fire E890−E899/X00−X09 Suicide Homicide E950−E959/X60−X84 E960−E969/ X85−X99, Y00−Y09 POPULATION (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 274 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 LATVIA: 1995, 2000 Male smoking−attributed deaths (Sm.) and total deaths (Total) 1995 ALL CAUSES ALL CANCER Lung cancer 0−34 Sm. Total − 1749 − 57 − 1 35−69 Sm. Total 3874 12037 (32%) 1019 1951 (52%) 630 666 (95%) 70+ Sm. Total 1095 6557 (17%) 343 970 (35%) Any age Sm. Total 4969 20343 (24%) 0−34 Sm. Total 35−69 Upper aero− digestive ca. (see below) − 0 Other cancer COPD Other respiratory Vascular disease Liver cirrhosis Other medical Non− medical − 56 − 5 − 43 − 150 − 6 − 354 − 1134 165 227 (73%) 224 1058 (21%) 140 170 (82%) 178 444 (40%) 2073 5485 (38%) − 225 464 1142 (41%) − 2620 222 244 (91%) 34 58 (59%) 87 668 (13%) 113 154 (73%) 12 89 (13%) 535 4303 (12%) − 27 92 780 (12%) − 234 1362 2978 (46%) 852 911 (94%) 199 285 (70%) 311 1782 (17%) 253 329 (77%) 190 576 (33%) 2608 9938 (26%) − 258 556 2276 (24%) − 3988 − 1088 − 51 − 4 − 0 − 47 − 3 − 20 − 86 − 7 − 226 − 695 Sm. Total 2663 8848 (30%) 886 1773 (50%) 543 575 (94%) 153 219 (70%) 190 979 (19%) 90 109 (83%) 94 254 (37%) 1242 3644 (34%) − 176 351 976 (36%) − 1916 70+ Sm. Total 1066 6219 (17%) 413 1177 (35%) 266 291 (91%) 43 69 (62%) 104 817 (13%) 74 103 (72%) 9 65 (14%) 494 3980 (12%) − 25 76 633 (12%) − 236 Any age Sm. Total 3729 16155 (23%) 1299 3001 (43%) 809 870 (93%) 196 288 (68%) 294 1843 (16%) 164 215 (76%) 103 339 (30%) 1736 7710 (23%) − 208 427 1835 (23%) − 2847 2000 To be conservative, no deaths before age 35, and none from liver cirrhosis or non−medical causes, were attributed to smoking Male death rates used for calculations: ICD codes as on previous page All ages 0−34 35−69 35−39 40−44 45−49 50−54 55−59 60−64 65−69 POPULATION (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 1995 1150.7 607.5 484.6 90.3 80.0 67.0 69.6 70.1 58.8 48.8 2000 1087.3 550.8 470.5 85.4 83.8 72.1 62.2 60.6 60.4 46.0 NUMBER OF DEATHS (Source: WHO) All causes 1995 20343 1749 12037 752 1021 1256 1780 2219 2412 2597 2000 16155 1088 8848 442 718 833 1163 1416 2054 2222 Lung cancer 1995 911 1 666 3 10 30 71 146 193 213 2000 870 4 575 3 11 21 53 111 175 201 ANNUAL DEATH RATE / 100,000 (*The rates for the age groups 0−34 and 35−69 are the means of seven five−yearly rates, but the all−ages rates are standardised to the conventional "European" age distribution) All causes 1995 1998.2* 296.3* 2732.9* 832.8 1276.3 1874.6 2557.5 3165.5 4102.0 5321.7 2000 1655.2* 206.5* 2138.2* 517.6 856.8 1155.3 1869.8 2336.6 3400.7 4830.4 All cancer 1995 292.1* 9.6* 470.4* 19.9 77.5 192.5 316.1 580.6 872.4 1233.6 2000 293.9* 9.2* 452.6* 22.2 58.5 124.8 329.6 506.6 867.5 1258.7 Lung cancer 1995 87.3* 0.2* 162.2* 3.3 12.5 44.8 102.0 208.3 328.2 436.5 2000 82.2* 0.7* 148.7* 3.5 13.1 29.1 85.2 183.2 289.7 437.0 Upper aerodigestive cancer (mouth, oesophagus, pharynx and larynx) 1995 27.1* − 53.1* 2.2 15.0 28.4 41.7 78.5 95.2 110.7 2000 27.3* − 54.6* 2.3 6.0 23.6 49.8 75.9 101.0 123.9 Other cancer 1995 177.7* 9.4* 255.1* 14.4 50.0 119.4 172.4 293.9 449.0 686.5 2000 184.3* 8.5* 249.2* 16.4 39.4 72.1 194.5 247.5 476.8 697.8 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1995 33.3* 0.8* 41.9* 3.3 3.8 6.0 21.6 45.6 91.8 120.9 2000 22.0* 0.5* 29.0* − − 5.5 11.3 33.0 51.3 102.2 Other respiratory disease 1995 54.4* 7.4* 96.8* 36.5 67.5 82.1 136.5 99.9 125.9 129.1 2000 33.0* 3.8* 57.8* 21.1 32.2 51.3 64.3 79.2 82.8 73.9 Vascular disease 1995 1008.1* 24.1* 1285.1* 220.4 396.3 691.0 1080.5 1482.2 2137.8 2987.7 2000 822.6* 15.3* 919.8* 92.5 190.9 349.5 644.7 981.8 1629.1 2550.0 Liver cirrhosis 1995 23.9* 1.0* 48.8* 17.7 40.0 38.8 54.6 62.8 68.0 59.4 2000 19.4* 1.3* 40.9* 11.7 26.3 29.1 45.0 36.3 66.2 71.7 Other medical causes 1995 230.9* 66.2* 245.7* 118.5 178.8 270.1 275.9 311.0 248.3 317.6 2000 199.0* 53.1* 224.8* 84.3 150.4 184.5 237.9 250.8 269.9 395.7 All non−medical causes 1995 355.4* 187.3* 544.3* 416.4 512.5 594.0 672.4 583.5 557.8 473.4 2000 265.4* 123.3* 413.2* 285.7 398.6 410.5 537.0 448.8 433.8 378.3 Rates and calculations for some earlier years are in Peto, Lopez et al, 1994 70−74 75−79 80+/NK 27.4 35.4 13.5 17.5 17.7 13.1 1941 2228 1397 1521 3219 2470 122 175 67 73 55 43 7083.9 6293.8 10348.1 8691.4 18186.4 18855.0 1547.4 1669.5 1888.9 1760.0 1644.1 2122.1 445.3 494.4 496.3 417.1 310.7 328.2 113.1 115.8 133.3 102.9 50.8 76.3 989.1 1059.3 1259.3 1240.0 1282.5 1717.6 215.3 113.0 244.4 165.7 350.3 259.5 116.8 76.3 140.7 91.4 214.7 167.9 4240.9 3596.0 6666.7 5640.0 12661.0 13129.8 47.4 33.9 66.7 62.9 28.2 15.3 551.1 497.2 1014.8 674.3 2779.7 2587.8 365.0 307.9 325.9 297.1 508.5 572.5 Latvia June 2006 275 1995, 2000: LATVIA Female smoking−attributed deaths (Sm.) and total deaths (Total) 1995 ALL CAUSES ALL CANCER Lung cancer 0−34 Sm. Total − 584 − 56 − 1 35−69 Sm. Total 197 5616 (4%) 43 1340 (3%) 34 89 (38%) 70+ Sm. Total 216 12388 (2%) 38 1102 (3%) Any age Sm. Total 413 18588 (2%) 0−34 Sm. Total 35−69 Upper aero− digestive ca. (see below) − 1 Other cancer COPD Other respiratory Vascular disease Liver cirrhosis Other medical Non− medical − 54 − 4 − 36 − 33 − 4 − 233 − 218 4 28 (14%) 5 1223 (0%) 14 53 (26%) 3 106 (3%) 116 2668 (4%) − 154 21 601 (3%) − 694 31 78 (40%) 1 16 (6%) 6 1008 (1%) 29 117 (25%) 1 84 (1%) 127 9102 (1%) − 35 21 1654 (1%) − 294 81 2498 (3%) 65 168 (39%) 5 45 (11%) 11 2285 (0%) 43 174 (25%) 4 226 (2%) 243 11803 (2%) − 193 42 2488 (2%) − 1206 − 373 − 38 − 2 − 0 − 36 − 1 − 4 − 18 − 4 − 146 − 162 Sm. Total 76 4107 (2%) 19 1175 (2%) 16 65 (25%) 0 15 (0%) 3 1095 (0%) 3 26 (12%) 2 84 (2%) 38 1752 (2%) − 83 14 518 (3%) − 469 70+ Sm. Total 348 11570 (3%) 68 1355 (5%) 53 102 (52%) 4 17 (24%) 11 1236 (1%) 35 90 (39%) 3 97 (3%) 210 8386 (3%) − 33 32 1314 (2%) − 295 Any age Sm. Total 424 16050 (3%) 87 2568 (3%) 69 169 (41%) 4 32 (13%) 14 2367 (1%) 38 117 (32%) 5 185 (3%) 248 10156 (2%) − 120 46 1978 (2%) − 926 2000 To be conservative, no deaths before age 35, and none from liver cirrhosis or non−medical causes, were attributed to smoking Female death rates used for calculations All ages 0−34 35−69 35−39 40−44 45−49 50−54 55−59 60−64 65−69 POPULATION (1000s; UN, 2004 revision) 1995 1347.3 595.0 598.0 95.0 87.2 77.1 84.2 90.4 80.4 83.7 2000 1285.7 534.7 576.0 90.0 90.7 82.5 75.5 79.2 85.0 73.1 NUMBER OF DEATHS (Source: WHO) All causes 1995 18588 584 5616 218 339 468 652 1043 1149 1747 2000 16050 373 4107 149 229 312 453 643 985 1336 Lung cancer 1995 168 1 89 1 3 3 4 16 29 33 2000 169 2 65 1 1 5 9 15 15 19 ANNUAL DEATH RATE / 100,000 (*The rates for the age groups 0−34 and 35−69 are the means of seven five−yearly rates, but the all−ages rates are standardised to the conventional "European" age distribution) All causes 1995 930.6* 105.3* 952.8* 229.5 388.8 607.0 774.3 1153.8 1429.1 2087.2 2000 765.9* 79.2* 742.1* 165.6 252.5 378.2 600.0 811.9 1158.8 1827.6 All cancer 1995 142.3* 9.6* 227.9* 46.3 74.5 160.8 192.4 278.8 364.4 477.9 2000 137.4* 6.8* 212.3* 38.9 90.4 118.8 181.5 246.2 301.2 508.9 Lung cancer 1995 9.0* 0.2* 15.2* 1.1 3.4 3.9 4.8 17.7 36.1 39.4 2000 8.7* 0.4* 11.8* 1.1 1.1 6.1 11.9 18.9 17.6 26.0 Upper aerodigestive cancer (mouth, oesophagus, pharynx and larynx) 1995 2.5* 0.2* 4.7* − − − 4.8 6.6 7.5 14.3 2000 1.6* − 2.8* − 1.1 − 1.3 3.8 3.5 9.6 Other cancer 1995 130.9* 9.2* 208.0* 45.3 71.1 156.9 182.9 254.4 320.9 424.1 2000 127.0* 6.4* 197.7* 37.8 88.2 112.7 168.2 223.5 280.0 473.3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1995 8.5* 0.7* 9.0* 1.1 1.1 2.6 1.2 14.4 18.7 23.9 2000 5.3* 0.2* 4.7* 1.1 − 2.4 1.3 7.6 8.2 12.3 Other respiratory disease 1995 14.4* 6.5* 17.8* 11.6 18.3 19.5 9.5 23.2 23.6 19.1 2000 10.3* 0.8* 14.7* 5.6 11.0 17.0 10.6 20.2 22.4 16.4 Vascular disease 1995 540.9* 5.2* 453.7* 49.5 105.5 192.0 325.4 531.0 732.6 1240.1 2000 437.7* 3.3* 319.8* 26.7 58.4 99.4 197.4 311.9 569.4 975.4 Liver cirrhosis 1995 12.5* 0.6* 26.0* 8.4 11.5 23.3 19.0 46.5 39.8 33.5 2000 7.6* 0.7* 14.6* 6.7 7.7 8.5 13.2 22.7 27.1 16.4 Other medical causes 1995 130.1* 45.6* 101.4* 42.1 52.8 77.8 90.3 132.7 124.4 190.0 2000 106.3* 37.1* 93.4* 26.7 27.6 57.0 99.3 101.0 141.2 201.1 All non−medical causes 1995 81.8* 37.1* 117.0* 70.5 125.0 131.0 136.6 127.2 125.6 102.7 2000 61.4* 30.3* 82.6* 60.0 57.3 75.2 96.7 102.3 89.4 97.1 Rates and calculations for some earlier years are in Peto, Lopez et al, 1994 70−74 75−79 80+/NK 64.0 70.6 32.1 50.5 58.2 53.9 2328 2069 2032 2750 8028 6751 32 36 17 39 29 27 3637.5 2930.6 6330.2 5445.5 13793.8 12525.0 651.6 617.6 794.4 912.9 738.8 849.7 50.0 51.0 53.0 77.2 49.8 50.1 12.5 7.1 3.1 7.9 12.0 14.8 589.1 559.5 738.3 827.7 677.0 784.8 48.4 31.2 71.7 49.5 108.2 79.8 39.1 24.1 34.3 49.5 82.5 102.0 2443.8 1882.4 4554.5 3800.0 10439.9 9532.5 21.9 17.0 34.3 25.7 17.2 14.8 301.6 260.6 660.4 467.3 2146.0 1658.6 131.3 97.7 180.7 140.6 261.2 287.6 276 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 LATVIA: 2000 Relative importance of deaths in MIDDLE age (35−69) in the year 2000 Age range (years) Deaths attributed to SMOKING /total deaths (thousands) Male Female 0−34 Mean years lost PER DEATH FROM SMOKING − / 1.1 − / 0.4 − 35−69 2.7 / 8.8 0.1 / 4.1 19 years 70+ 1.1 / 6.2 0.3 / 12 8 years All ages 3.7 / 16 0.4 / 16 15 years Deaths, by cause, attributed to SMOKING / total deaths in the year 2000 Cause 0−34 Male (by age) 35−69 70+ Lung Cancer −/ 4 543 / 575 266 / 291 809 / 870 −/ 2 16 / 65 53 / 102 69 / 169 All Cancer − / 51 886 / 1773 413 / 1177 1299 / 3001 − / 38 19 / 1175 68 / 1355 87 / 2568 (50%) (35%) ( 2%) ( 5%) All 0−34 Female (by age) 35−69 70+ All Vascular − / 86 1242 / 3644 494 / 3980 1736 / 7710 − / 18 38 / 1752 210 / 8386 248 / 10156 Respiratory − / 23 184 / 363 83 / 168 267 / 554 −/ 5 5 / 110 38 / 187 43 / 302 All Other − / 928 351 / 3068 76 / 894 427 / 4890 − / 312 14 / 1070 32 / 1642 46 / 3024 All Causes − / 1088 2663 / 8848 1066 / 6219 3729 / 16155 − / 373 76 / 4107 348 / 11570 424 / 16050 (30%) (17%) ( 2%) ( 3%) Cancer deaths, and all deaths, attributed to SMOKING / total deaths (thousands) in the year 2000 Cause Male Female Male + Female All Cancer 1.3 / 3.0 (43%) 0.1 / 2.6 ( 3%) 1.4 / 5.6 (25%) All Causes 3.7 / 16 (23%) 0.4 / 16 ( 3%) 4.2 / 32 (13%) Latvia June 2006 277 1985-2000: LATVIA Population risk of dying at ages 0−34 Population risk of a 35−year−old dying at ages 35−69 from smoking (shaded) or from any cause (shaded and white) *eg, at year 2000 male death rates, out of 100 men aged 35, 53 would die before age 70 (with 16 of these deaths attributed to smoking) MALE 7.5% 1985 18 50% 8.0% 1990 18 50% 9.9% 7.0% 1995 20 2000* Note: 62% 16* 53%* Most of those killed by smoking would otherwise have survived beyond age 70, but a minority (shaded area to right of dotted line) would have died by 70 anyway FEMALE 3.5% 1985 1.5 3.2% 1990 1.4 3.6% 1995 1.0 2.7% 2000* 0.4 26% 24% 28% 23% 278 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 LATVIA: 1980-2000 Numbers of deaths attributed to smoking / total deaths Male (by age) 35−69 70+ Year 0−34 1950 ... ... 1955 ... 1960 Female (by age) 35−69 70+ All 0−34 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1965 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1970 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1975 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1980 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1985 − / 1500 2735 / 7222 849 / 7239 (38%) (12%) 3180 / 8526 997 / 6723 (37%) (15%) 1990 1995 2000 − / 1702 − / 1749 − / 1088 3874 / 12037 1095 / 6557 (32%) (17%) 2663 / 8848 1066 / 6219 (30%) (17%) 3584 / 15961 − / 661 236 / 4417 ( 5%) 4177 / 16951 − / 656 274 / 4816 ( 6%) 4969 / 20343 − / 584 197 / 5616 ( 4%) 3729 / 16155 − / 373 20−year total* (thousands), mid−1980 to mid−2000: 76 / 4107 79 / 13127 All 315 / 18205 (0.6%) 242 / 12389 516 / 17861 ( 2%) 216 / 12388 413 / 18588 ( 2%) 348 / 11570 ( 2%) ( 3%) 4.3 / 100 3.0 / 255 ( 4%) ( 1%) 424 / 16050 93 / 731 1980−2000 by age & sex: − / 32 66 / 193 19 / 138 (34%) (14%) 86 / 363 *Estimated as 10 times the sum of the annual numbers for 1985 & 1995 − / 12 7.3 / 368 Latvia June 2006 279 1985-2000: LATVIA Smoking−attributed deaths: % of all deaths at ages 35−69 only Smoking−attributed deaths: thousands per year at ages 35−69 only % Annual smoking deaths (1000s) 3.9 Male Female Male Female 3.2 38 40 2.7 37 2.7 32 30 30 20 10 5.3 5.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 3.5 1.9 0.1 1950 2000 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year Year Smoking−attributed deaths: thousands per year (all ages) Smoking−attributed deaths: % of all deaths (all ages) 2000 Annual smoking deaths (1000s) % Male Female 5.0 30 Male Female 25 4.2 3.7 3.6 24 23 22 20 10 0.5 0.3 1950 1960 1970 1980 Year 1990 2.9 0.4 0.4 2000 1.7 1950 1960 1970 1980 Year 1990 2.2 2.6 2000 280 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 LATVIA: 1985-2000 ALL−CAUSE mortality rates attributed and not attributed to smoking ALL−CAUSE mortality ALL−CAUSE mortality ages 35−69 ages 35−69: MALE NOT ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING 15 15 14.8 14.8 Male Female ALL−CAUSE mortality 21.4 20 Male 35−69 Female 35−69 M and F 0−34 Not attributed: 10 Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 ages 35−69 & 0−34 Attributed: to smoking 6.6 5 10 7.3 5 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 10* ALL−CAUSE mortality ALL−CAUSE mortality ages 35−69 ages 35−69: FEMALE ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING 10 1.4 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Standardised† death rate/1000 Male 5 7.3 Not attributed: 5 Attributed: to smoking 30% of 35−year−olds will die before age 70 Female 6.6 5 0.1 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0.1 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 * An annual rate of 10 per 1000 implies that † 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 10 7.4 Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 15 Mean of 7 age−specific rates, ages 35−69 (or ages 0−34) MALE all−cause mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Attributed to smoking? 35−69 70−79 FEMALE all−cause mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 35−69 70−79 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No ... ... ... ... ... ... ... − − − − ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.24 2.38 2.96 2.07 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7.15 7.28 8.88 6.59 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12.6 12.4 18.5 14.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.3 15.3 16.8 14.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 70.4 68.0 70.3 60.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... − − − − ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.01 0.93 1.05 0.79 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.49 0.45 0.34 0.14 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8.09 7.45 9.19 7.28 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.64 1.20 1.15 1.45 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 51.7 48.1 48.7 40.4 0−34 and 35−69 = means of 7 age−specific rates; 70−79 = mean of 2 rates (70−74 & 75−79) Latvia June 2006 281 1985-2000: LATVIA ALL CANCER mortality rates attributed and not attributed to smoking 4 2 1.5 Female 1 0.1 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 6 3 Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 Male ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69 & 0−34 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69: MALE 4 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69 NOT ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING Not attributed: Male Attributed: to smoking Female Standardised† death rate/1000 LUNG CANCER mortality ages 35−69 2.3 2 1 3 2.3 2.1 2 1 Male 35−69 Female 35−69 5 M and F 0−34 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 4 4 4 2.1 2 3 0.08 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Female 2.1 2 ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69 ATTRIBUTED TO SMOKING Male Attributed: to smoking Standardised† death rate/1000 3 1 † ALL CANCER mortality ages 35−69: FEMALE Not attributed: Standardised† death rate/1000 Standardised† death rate/1000 4.5 1 3 2.3 2 1 0.0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0.0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Mean of 7 age−specific rates, ages 35−69 (or ages 0−34) MALE cancer mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Attributed to smoking? 35−69 70−79 FEMALE cancer mortality (annual rate/1000, by age) 0−34 35−69 70−79 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No ... ... ... ... ... ... ... − − − − ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.09 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.36 2.54 2.46 2.27 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.28 2.15 2.25 2.25 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.90 5.49 6.49 6.29 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.61 9.66 10.7 10.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... − − − − ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.07 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.03 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.31 2.18 2.20 2.09 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.13 0.26 0.26 0.41 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6.35 6.58 6.97 7.25 0−34 and 35−69 = means of 7 age−specific rates; 70−79 = mean of 2 rates (70−74 & 75−79) 282 Peto, Lopez et al June 2006 LATVIA: 1985-2000 Mortality* trends at selected ages: 35−39, 55−59 & 75−79 Lung cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.10 2.5 Male Female 2.0 7.5 Male Female Lung cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 2.20 Male Female 5.0 5.0 1.5 0.05 1.0 Lung cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 2.5 0.041 0.5 0.004 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Upper aero−digestive cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.10 Male Female 0.6 0.18 0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2.5 2.0 Upper aero−digestive cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 7.5 Upper aero−digestive cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female Male Female 5.0 1.5 0.05 1.0 0.027 0.91 2.5 0.5 1.0 0.002 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Other cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.6 0.05 Other cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 25 6 Male Female Male Female 20 4 0.4 0.1 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Other cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 15 0.38 12.8 3.1 0.24 0.2 2.5 10 8.0 2 5 0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All cancer mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.6 0.4 6.2 6 Male Female Male Female 0.39 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 25 20 4 All cancer mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 18.8 15 0.30 2.8 10 0.2 8.7 2 All cancer mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 5 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 * Annual mortality per 1000: averages of years available in 1985−89,....,1995−99; year 2000 on pages 272−273 Latvia June 2006 283 1985-2000: LATVIA Mortality* trends at selected ages: 35−39, 55−59 & 75−79 Vascular mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 1.0 1.34 Vascular mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 12 Male Female Male Female 12.2 60 Male Female 62 0.8 9 43 40 0.6 6 0.4 0.34 0.2 0 20 Vascular mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Respiratory mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 0.3 4.1 3 2.5 Male Female 2.0 0.21 0.2 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Respiratory mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 Respiratory mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 Male Female 15 1.5 Male Female 10 1.1 1.0 5 0.1 0.07 3.7 0.5 0.3 0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All causes, and All medical causes mortality per 1000 aged 35−39 8 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All medical causes: mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 25 Male Female 9 0.9 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 23.0 100 Male Female 20 Male Female 95 75 15 59 50 10 8.6 7 6.6 5 6 All medical causes: mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 0 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 5 25 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 All causes: mortality per 1000 aged 55−59 All causes All causes: mortality per 1000 aged 75−79 30 4 Male Female 27.9 100 Male Female 3 20 75 All medical 2 61 1.9 All causes 1 98 3.1 1.2 50 10 9.6 All medical 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 25 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 0 Year: 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 * Annual mortality per 1000: averages of years available in 1985−89,....,1995−99; year 2000 on pages 272−273