Transcript
CERIO ® Technologie für Elektro- und Hybridfahrzeuge Dr. Danilo Zschech „DRIVE-E Akademie “ Erlangen, 09. März 2010
Seite 1
External requirements drive new mobility concepts
Micro
Mild
Full
PHEV
EV
20-40%
20-60%
100%
30-35%
>40%
100%
60-100 km
150-250 km
Fuel savings 3-5%
10-20%
CO2 Savings potential 3-5%
10-20%
Range (Zero Emission) 0 5-10 km Energy content 1-2 kWh
2
10-30 km
10-25 kWh
Requirements for large scale LIB for automotive applications
3
Energy
High energy content needed for long range. Important for EV and PHEV.
Power
High power important to achieve high torque and acceleration. Important for HEV.
Costs
Battery costs contribute considerably to vehicle costs , especially for EV and PHEV.
Lifetime
Minimum lifetime of 10 years demanded for all vehicle concepts: EV, PHEV, HEV.
Safety
Must be provided and assured by cells with maximum inherent safety and secondary measures on battery level.
Battery Requirements for EV/HEV Material Power
Energy
Cycle Life
Cost
Cell design 4
Durability Safety
Systems integration
How much energy is stored in modern storage systems? Lead Acid
Nickel Metal Hydride
125 kg
ca. 5 kWh
125 kg
125 kg 0,5 L Diesel
ca. 10 kWh
Lithium-Ion
1,0 L Diesel
ca. 25 kWh
2,5 L Diesel
Range in km with a 125 kg battery
33 km 69 km
167 km 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Equals consumption of 1,5 L Diesel on 100 km! 5
160
180
How much energy is stored in modern storage systems?
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Cycle stability determines range over lifetime
500 cylces Lead acid
800 cycles NiMH
1500 cycles Standard Li-Ion
2000 - 2500 cycles Premium Li-Ion with CERIO® technology
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
Overall range over lifetime / km
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300.000
350.000
Li-Tec – JV of Evonik and Daimler
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Li-Tec – JV of Evonik and Daimler Technology basis out of 10 years experience in Evonik R+D Center 2005 Foundation of Li-Tec Battery 2008 new shareholder structure Evonik(50.1) /Daimler (49.9) One of the most advanced infrastructure for Li-Ion production in Europe 10.000 m2 plant area, 200 employees Current capacity 300.000 Cells p.a. Future capacity more than 15 Mio Cells p.a. (Daimler and others) ISO 9001:2008 Certified TS 16949 Certification ongoing 2010
Vision and Mission: Li-Tec Battery Leading manufacturer of large Li-Ion cells and industrial batteries in Europe
Customized business models
Focus on vehicles and industrial applications
Your preferred partner
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Evonik & Daimler – non exclusive alliance along the value chain
Evonik Industries AG
100 %
Daimler AG
49,9 %
50,1 %
Evonik Litarion
Li-Tec
Electrodes & Separator 11
10 %
90 %
Deutsche Accumotive
Automotive Cells
Battery
Cells for automotive and batteries for industrial applications Automotive – Application in road going vehicles :
Standard Cells and Custom Design
Industrial – Stationary and mobile applications:
Batteries, Services
All our businesses are non exclusive, except for custom designed products 12
Our General Business Concept Chemicals
Cell
Pack
Housing Thermal Control
Electronic (BMS)
Partners and Lead Customers Automotive
Evonik Litarion 50.1% Evonik Deutsche ACCUmotive GmbH & Co. KG 100% Evonik 49.9% Daimler 90% Daimler/10% Evonik
Industrial
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CERIO®technology paving the way to e-mobility
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Li-Tec CERIO® battery system
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Anode
Electrolyte
Cathode
Active Material: Graphite
Organic Carbonates Salt: LiPF6
Active Material: LiNiMnCoO2
Collector: Cu (LITARION®)
Separator: ceramic (SEPARION®)
Collector: Al (LITARION®)
Kathode Lithium-Ionen-Batterie Zellstapel (Li-Metalloxid auf Aluminiumableiter)
Anode (Graphit auf Kupferableiter)
Separator (keramische Trennmembran)
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Bestandteile einer Li-Ionen-Zelle
Kathode
Anode
Separator
Elektrolyt 17
Key Active Material: NMC Mn
Safety
Capacity
Cycle life
Ni
Co LiNixMnyCozO2
•
NMC combines the advantages of Ni-, Co-, and Mn-oxides: − Very good safety characteristics and stability due to high Mn content − Material has excellent rate capability − Lower cost compared to LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2
Meets requirements for usage in HEV/EV 18
CERIO®: Ceramic materials and high-molecular ion conductors
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SEPARION® technology for large-format cells
Continuous ceramic coating (Alumina, Zirconia, Silica)
Non-woven support (Polyethylene terephthalate)
plus
SEPARION® Flexible ceramic battery separator
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SEPARION® technology for large-format cells
SEPARION® Separator SEPARION® Safer ceramic separators
Features:
based on ceramics (Al2O3, SiO2)
Advantages:
Benefits:
● high temperature stability
● Abuse tolerance of batteries is increased
● no shrinkage ● exceptional wettability with electrolyte
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● Reduce electrolyte filling time during battery production
Design of Lithium Secondary Cells Cylindric cell
Coffee bag (pouch) cell
Prismatic cell
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Button (Coin) cell
Multimedia Age - Cyclindric Cell Standard cell: 18650 • diameter in millimeters: 18 mm • length in millimeters: 65 mm • About 2000 mAh to 3000 mAh today 26650 cell: ca. 3200 mAh – 3600 mAh today Advantages: • long time production experiences • high life time • pressure stable (40 bar) • > 40 bar: burst disk • reliable tightness Disadvantages: • bulky size => battery has air cavities • lower spec. energy • complex cooling . 23
Li-Tec Stacked Cell
• •
Low cost foil packaging Electrical contacts consist of conductive foil tabs that are welded to the electrode and sealed to the pouch material.
•
Advantages: − −
•
Challenges: −
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High specific energy Simple thermal management
Calendar life time?
Energy Density: Pouch Cell vs. Cylindrical cells
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Required space
Required space
251 x 172 x 163 mm3 (l x b x h) =100%
309 x 172 x 163 mm3 (l x b x h) =123%
Wärmestrom
Lücke mit Luft gefüllt:
• • • • • • •
anisotrope Wärmeleitung • axial λ ≈ 140 W/mK (für Graphit) • radial λ ≈ 10 – 20 W/mK (geschätzt) Zwangskühlung durch Kühlmedium in Lücken notwendig oder: Füllen der Lücke mit profilierter, gut wärmeleitender Folie zur Verbesserung der Wärmeleitung
Wärmeleitung in Stapel prismatischer Zellen • •
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weitgehend isotrope Wärmeleitung Einbau von Wärmeleitplatten zwischen die Zellen zur Verbesserung der Wärmeleitung leicht möglich
minimale Wärmeleitung: λ = 0,026 W / m · K minimaler konvektiver Wärmeaustausch Linienförmige Kontaktstellen Strahlung ~ T4
Wärmestrom
Our unique CERIO® technology - the basis of all our products Originally developed for Formular One Racing Applications Combination of ceramic materials and high-molecular ion conductors Including Evonik´s ceramic separator SEPARION® World benchmark in cycle stability, rated power and safety Compact design for high energy density and high power at low weight Three CERIO® product lines:
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CERIO®motive:
Cells for automotive applications
CERIO®station:
Battery systems for stationary energy storage and use of renewable energies
CERIO®serve:
Battery systems for transport, logistics and mobile work machines
Products portfolio for mobile and stationary applications
40 Ah High Energy cell EV & Plug-In
10 Ah High Energy cell LEV
6 Ah High Power cell HEV
3 Ah Super High Power cell Special HEV
Full Battery Packs Solution Stationary and Industrial
Specific custom designed products 28
HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell
3,6V / 40Ah Cont. current 2C (80A) Peak current 5C (200A), 15sec Full cycles >2500 208mm x 248mm x 11mm 1.05 kg 135Wh/kg 287Wh/l
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Cycle life test of HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell at 1C/1C 1C/1C Cycling HEA40 (40A = 1C charge / 40A = 1C discharge, 3.0V..4.2V / 100% DOD) 45 40
Capacity in Ah
35 30 25 20 15 10 Ch. Cap
5
Dis. Cap
80%
0 0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
Cycle
1 hour full discharge and 1.1 hour full charge 30
8.000
9.000
Cycle life test of HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell at 3C/3C 3C/3C Cycling HEA40 (120A = 3C charge / 120A = 3C discharge, 3.0V..4.2V / 100% DOD) 45 40
Capacity in Ah
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
500
1.000
1.500 Cycle Ch. Cap
Dis. Cap
2.000
2.500
80%
20 minutes full discharge and 25 minutes full charge 31
3.000
Cycle life test HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell - Comparison to competitors 2C/2C Cycling (2C charge / 2C discharge, 3,0V.. 4,2V / 100% DOD)
normalized capacity in %
120% 100% 80% 60% 40% LiTec 40Ah 2C/2C 20%
Competitor 100Ah 2C/2C Competitor 53Ah 2C/2C
0% 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Cycle
30 minutes full discharge and 35 minutes full charge 32
4000
4500
HEA 40 CERIO®motive: 380 A Pulse Power Plug-In Simulation
Battery of 100 kg allows 80 km electric range and 100 kW peak power 33
HEA 40 CERIO®motive: 1250 W Pulse Power – Capacity fade 1C Capacity (HEA 40 SOC 50%; Dch 1250W 1.0Ah; Pau 20s; Cha 1250W 1.0Ah; Pau 20s) 40
Capacity in Ah
35 30 25 20 15 10
1 C Cap.
5
EOL
0 0
50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 400.000 450.000 500.000 Cycle
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Full EV fast charge capability of HEA 40 CERIO®motive cell
normalized capacity in %
Fast Charge Capability of HE Cell at 3C (only constant current charge, cut-off at 4.1 V, no constant voltage charge discharge at 1C; cut-off: 3.0V)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1
2
3
4
Cycle
20 minutes are enough for 80% recharging 35
5
Products portfolio for mobile and stationary applications 40 Ah High Energy cell EV & Plug-In
10 Ah High Energy cell LEV
6 Ah High Power cell HEV
3 Ah Super High Power cell Special HEV
Full Battery Packs Solution Stationary and Industrial
Specific custom designed products 36
HPA 6 CERIO®motive cell: Pulse Test – Capacity fade Pulse Test 6Ah High Power Start Oct 2007; SOC 50%; Discharge: 55,6A / 8sec; Charge: 146,7A / 3sec (2% DOD) / no pause; capacity check every 50.000 cycles 7
Capacity in Ah
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
1.000.000
2.000.000
3.000.000 Cycle
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4.000.000
5.000.000
HPA 6 CERIO®motive cell: Pulse Test – Resistance increase Pulse Test 6Ah High Power Start Oct 2007; SOC 50%; Discharge: 55,6A / 8sec; Charge: 146,7A / 3sec (2% DOD) / no pause; capacity check every 50.000 cycles 10
RiDC in mOhm
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
1.000.000
2.000.000
3.000.000 Cycle
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4.000.000
5.000.000
Thermal management measures depend on application
CERIO® HEA 40 cell 2 C Continuous ∆T cell surface ca. 1 K ∆ cell to tab ca. 1.5 K ∆T
CERIO® HPA 6 cell 20 C Pulse / 10s with 5s Pause ∆T cell surface < 4 K ∆T cell to tab ca. 7 K 39
Requirements for large scale LIB for automotive applications
40
Energy
High energy content needed for long range. Important for EV and PHEV.
Power
High power important to achieve high torque and acceleration. Important for HEV.
Costs
Battery costs contribute considerably to vehicle costs , especially for EV and PHEV.
Lifetime
Minimum lifetime of 10 years demanded for all vehicle concepts: EV, PHEV, HEV.
Safety
Must be provided and assured by cells with maximum inherent safety and secondary measures on battery level.
Abuse Test: HEA 40 CERIO®motive High Energy cell A cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm is slowly crushing into the flat side of the cell with a maximum force of 8 tons.
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Abuse Test: HEA 40 CERIO®motive High Energy cell
All products are UN-T certified. 42
Abuse Test: HEA 40 CERIO®motive High Energy cell
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Overcharge Test: HEA 40 CERIO®motive High Energy cell Separion
Cathode 44
Anode
Nail Penetration Test: CERIO®motive High Energy cell
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Nail Penetration Test: CERIO®motive High Energy cell
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Nail Penetration Test: CERIO®motive High Energy cell
CERIO® Technology
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Zelle mit Polyolefin
UN-T Certificate for HE 40 Ah cell
UN-T certification is prerequisite for transport of commercial products
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CERIO®motive applications on the street
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Series project with Deutsche Accumotive Full EV City car E-Smart Electric Range 100 miles Li-Tec Cells Cerio®motive Series production 2011
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CO2 Bilanz am Beispiel e-Smart (Quelle: ADAC-Studie)
AntriebsVersion
Smart ForTwo electric drive E-Motor
Smart ForTwo electric drive E-Motor
Smart ForTwo electric drive E-Motor
Smart ForTwo coupé 1.0 mhd Otto
Smart ForTwo coupé 0.8 cdi Diesel
Motorleistung
30 kW
30 kW
30 kW
52 kW
33 kW
Eingesetze Energie
Elektrisch/ Windkraft
Elektrisch/ Elektrisch/ Steinkohle Strom-Mix Deutschland
Benzin
Diesel
CO2 Emission
2,5 g/km
71 g/km
103 g/km
88 g/km
107 g/km
CO2 –Emission ermittelt auf Basis des „Neuen Europäischen Fahrzyklus“ NEFZ mit Klimaanlage und Autobahnzyklus * Mhd = mild hybrid drive 51
Technologieträger E-Wolf „e1“ Ultraleichtbaukonstruktion Gewicht < 600 kg Höchstgeschwindigkeit 250 km/h Reichweite 250 km Li-Tec Batterie 16 kWh 40 Ah High Energy
Kommunale Nutzfahrzeuge Multicar „e-Fumo“ Multifunktionsgeräteträger Gewicht 2,9 t + 2,5 t Zuladung Reichweite >100 km Li-Tec Batterie 45 kWh 40 Ah High Energy
eRUF „Greenster“ Basis Porsche 997 mit Targa Ausstattung Höchstgeschwindigkeit 250 km/h Reichweite 250 km Li-Tec Batterie 42 kWh 40 Ah High Energy
eRUF „Stormster“ Basis Porsche Cayenne Höchstgeschwindigkeit 150 km/h Reichweite 200 km Li-Tec Batterie 52 kWh 40 Ah High Energy
Li-Ionen Batteriemodul für On- und Off-Highway Anwendungen Verbundprojekt LiHeBe Projektpartner: Behr GmbH & Co. KG Li-Tec Battery GmbH ISEA, RWTH Aachen
Gefördert durch das:
Projektträger:
HEV H8 Hybrid Battery Concept Li-Tec/Behr Daten:
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Zielmarkt
Hybridfahrzeuge (mild hybrid)
Gehäuse
353 x 175 x 190 mm³ (H8)
BMS
integriert
Zelltyp
High Power Zelle
Anzahl Zellen
38
Kapazität pro Zelle
6 Ah
Spannungslage
3,6 V pro Zelle 136,8 V
Gesamtkapazität
0,9 kWh (@20C 18kW)
Lade-/Entladerate
>20 C
Kühlung
Kältemittel (R134a)
Li-Tec systems solution approach Li-Tec offers a solution designed to your needs based on Li-Tec advanced CERIO® battery technology. CERIO®.strong.safe.sustainable. A special combination of ceramic materials and high-molecular ion conductors Developed for Formula One and therefore especially powerful Based on the innovative ceramic SEPARION® separator
Li-Tec CERIO® technology is covered by 114 patents and patent applications. Li-Tec is ISO 9001 certified; ISO 14000 certification planned for 01/2010, TS16949 certification will be achieved in 2010. The strategic partnership with Evonik and Daimler will ensure investment and growth aligned with market needs and guarantee a sustainably competitive business and market position – to the benefit of our customers. 58
Our business philosophy and mission Safety comes first. All our lithium ion cells and batteries are „Made in Germany“ and meet highest safety standards. Quality is our core competence. We produce lithium ion cells and batteries for industrial customers in technical high-class applications. We make no compromises when it comes to quality. Reliability is central. We convince not only with high performance products but also by adherence to schedules and promises. The customer is our focus. With sustainable technical solutions and business models we aim for long-term cooperative partnerships with our customers.
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Products portfolio for mobile and stationary applications Super
Hybrid
Power density 1.3-3 kW/kg 7-9 kW/kg Energy content 0.5-2 kWh
1-5 kWh
PHEV
EV
1-1.4 kW/kg
10-25 kWh
Station
0.25-0.7 kW/kg
kWh-MWh
3 Ah Super High Power cell High Energy 4040 AhAh High Energy cellcell 6 Ah High Power cell
Full Battery Packs Solution & Specific custom designed products 60
Our team – committed to your success!
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Li-Ion Fab I - Tradition trifft Innovation
1000 800
Mitarbeiterentwicklung
600 400 200
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Li-Tec products
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