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LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
ARE THEY RIGHT FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION? Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery technology has emerged as a challenger to traditional lead-acid batteries in industrial applications. Which battery makes sense for you? It depends on your application.
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WHAT ARE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES?
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A family of battery technologies that use Li-Ions to store energy
Sealed batteries that retain their charge capacity for thousands of complete charge and discharge cycles1
Lightweight, rechargeable, high energy density batteries
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HOW DOES LITHIUM-ION STACK UP AGAINST LEAD-ACID?
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Four times lighter and three times smaller
Higher power capability
Tolerates high shock & vibration environments
No maintenance
Longer run times
Higher cycle life
Can be left partially discharged
Fast charge capable
Possibility of thermal runaway
Higher initial cost (4-5x more)
BMS
Requires a battery management system (BMS)
Safety depends on good pack design
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Prices should continue to drop with maufacturing economies of scales and incremental technologies improvements. Li-Ion is currently 4-5x more expensive than lead-acid but has a better total cost of ownership (TCO) in some applications.
PROMISING INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Material Handling
Powersports & Scooters
fast charge, multishift environments
performance, range, low weight
Utility Vehicles range, long life, low weight
Integration of Li-Ion batteries in the following industries is poised for rapid growth
Powersports and material handling industries have started to adopt Li-Ion batteries because of their need for fast charging and range
Aerial Work Platforms & Scissor Lifts
Floor Care Machines size, run time, low weight
performance, reliability, run time
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This infographic is brought to you by Delta-Q Technologies. Contact us for more information on lithium battery chargers solutions.
MAJOR CHEMISTRIES & CELL STRUCTURES OF LITHIUM-ION Cathodes
Cell Structures
In approximate order of decreasing energy density, material cost, and safety risk
Cobalt Oxide (LCO) Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA) Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)
ARE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES SAFE?
Cylindrical Prismatic Laminate/Pouch
Manganese Oxide (LMO) Iron Phosphate (LFP) Titanate (LTO)
The level of quality and safety of a Li-Ion battery depends on its manufacturer
CELL QUALITY
PACK INTEGRATION
Not all Li-Ion batteries are equal. The cathode material used in Li-Ion batteries gives them their unique temperament. High quality, low variability manufacturing controls must be used for cell assembly
A holistic risk management approach to the battery pack will design in safety at every level of integration. Consider cooling, interconnects, electrical insulation and packaging
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)
SAFE AND SMART CHARGER
Use and approve a BMS that can disconnect the cells or stop their charge/discharge
By choosing a flexible charger, you will have the ability to use the same charger even if the battery type changes (lead-acid to Li-Ion)
BMS
Delta-Q’s IC Series Industrial Battery Chargers are capable of charging both lead-acid and Li-Ion battery packs. Delta-Q works with major battery manufacturers to ensure safe operation of the battery and charger systems. Additional capabilities include support for CAN bus communication and customizable charging algorithms for motive applications.
= A SAFER OVERALL SYSTEM Consists of well made cells, a battery management system, and an intelligent charger. How do you do that? See below.
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) Functions of a BMS
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An electronic system that prevents Li-Ion batteries from going outside their safe operating conditions and, in the worse case, experiencing thermal runaway.
Measure Pack current and voltage, every cell voltage, and subset of cell temperatures
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BMS
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3. Monitor For over-voltage, under-voltage, over-temperature, and over-current
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Control Balance cell state of charge, sends power and current limits to the machine, and derate or shut down the battery pack if needed
An appropriately designed BMS is a necessity when lithium-ion is involved. - Toby Gooley2
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Senior Editor, DC Velocity
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HOW TO SELECT A LITHIUM-ION CHARGER?
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IC Series Charger
Pick a charger as reliable as your batteries Sealed, ruggedized chargers will survive.
Pick a charger that will accurately recharge the batteries
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Voltage accuracy means you always get to 100% charge. Control accuracy means the charger responds appropriately to given commands.
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BMS
Pick a charger as smart as your batteries
Batteries are getting smarter with integration of CAN bus, USB, Modbus, and more. A charger that can connect to a BMS will form a robust system. Working together, the charger and BMS will keep you informed on your machine’s performance. References
www.delta-q.com
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Li-Ion Battery
RenewableEnergyWorld.com: “Lead-acid Batteries - Merely a Launch Pad for Something Better?”
Delta-Q Technologies makes innovative battery charging solutions for lead-acid and lithium-ion battery chemistries.
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DC Velocity: “The Allure of Lithium-ion”
