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Glossary When running Logic this must be switched on in the “Memory” control panel. Adat Abbreviation for Alesis Digital Audio Tape. The Adat (supported by Alesis, Studer and Fostex) is a digital multitrack cassette recorder with eight audio tracks using an S-VHS video tape, with 16 or 20 Bit quantization. The optical port allows the parallel transmission of all eight audio channels. Aftertouch Also known as pressure. MIDI data-type generated by pressure on keys after they have been played. There are two types; channel aftertouch, whose value is measured by a sensor stretching along the whole keyboard and whose data apply to the whole MIDI channel, and polyphonic aftertouch (rare) which is individually measured and transmitted for every key. AIFF Abbreviation for Audio Interchange File Format. Data format for audio files in the Macintosh operating system. Alias Double of an object which does not contain any data itself but just refers to the data of the original. Autodrop, Auto Punch Automatic drop-in recording with adjustable drop-in/out positions. 0 Bar Ruler Ruler at the top edge of the screen, divided into bar units. BBS Abbreviation for Bulletin Board System. An electronic mailbox. Cable A virtual cable represents the MIDI connection between two Environment objects. Catch Function for making the section of the song currently displayed in the window reflect the current song position. Cha Abbreviation for channel or MIDI channel Check box A small box. Placing a check in it (by clicking on it) 0 activates an option. 32-bit addressing
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Click Metronome, or metronome sound.
Electrical synchronization impulse, transmitted every 1/96 note. Was used in older drum machines before the advent of MIDI. (i.e. MIDI Clock). Controller, control change MIDI data type, e.g. for sliders, pedals, switches or standard parameters like volume and panning. The type of command is encoded in the first databyte, the value in the second databyte. Count-in Beats which sound prior to the start of a recording. C-Press Channel pressure or aftertouch. Cueing Monitoring while fast-forwarding or rewinding. Cycle Function which constantly repeats the passage between the Locator-positions. Data bytes These define the content of a MIDI message. The first data byte represents the note, or controller number; and the second the velocity, or controller value. Default, default value The preset parameter value. Delay In the Environment window, an object that can create a series of repeats. In the Arrange window, a playback parameter which can delay or advance a selected Track by a given number of milliseconds. Dialog, Dialog box A window containing a query or message. It must be cancelled or replied to before it will disappear and allow you to continue. DIMM Abbreviation for Double Inline Memory Module. Type of RAM chip. Display Format Value Adjustable note value for the grid used in displays and operations. Third number in the position indicator. Drag & Drop Grabbing objects with the mouse, moving them, and releasing them. Driver In Logic: specialized support for audio hardware. The part of Logic which allows you to address and use this hardware. Drop, drop-in, drop-out (Punch in/out) Going into and out of record to record over a section of an existing recording. Clock
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Local menu with clipboard functions. Editor Window for editing MIDI Events. EQ, Equalizer Used to boost or cut frequencies within a sound spectrum. There are several types available in Logic. Erase Delete Event definition Parameter for defining the display of a line in the Hyper Editor. Window class Status of the window as a float window or a normal window. Float windows are not hidden by normal windows in the same program. File In Logic the two most important types of file are: 1. Song files containing all the MIDI events and parameter settings in a song (including mixer automation data) plus information about which audio files are to be played; 2. Audio files containing the actual recordings of guitar, vocals, etc. (not actually stored in the song files). Flip menu See Pull-down menu. Float window Window with special status which always “floats” on the surface above all the other windows, but can only be operated with the mouse. Folder A “song within a song”. This can contain either a complete arrangement or just parts of it: sequences or other folders. Font Character printing style. Frame Unit of time. A second in the SMPTE standard is divided into frames, corresponding to the frames in a film or video. GM (General MIDI) Standard for MIDI sound modules, including standardized instrument sounds on the 128 program numbers, a standardized key assignment for drum and percussion sounds on MIDI channel 10, 16-part multi-timbral and at least 24-voice polyphony. Grab (an object) Placing the mouse pointer on the object, pressing the mouse button and keeping it held down. GS Extended GM standard developed by Roland Inc. Edit
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Structured menus where highlighting an individual entry opens yet another menu. Hyper set All simultaneously displayed event definitions in the Hyper Editor. Icon Small graphic symbol. In Logic an icon may be assigned to Environment objects. Info Line Display at the top of the window which tells you the position of objects when using the mouse tools. Insert Point on a mixer where you can patch in an effect (Plug In). The audio channels and bus objects on Logic’s adaptive and audio mixers have inserts for effects. Instrument Logic’s virtual counterpart to a real sound source or synth module. Key command Function which can be executed by pressing a specific key. Legato Method of musical performance that smoothly connects one note to the next. Local menu Menu in a window containing functions which are relevant to only that particular window. Local Off Operating mode on a MIDI synthesizer with a keyboard where the keyboard (local) does not directly play its own integrated sound generator. This is useful when using it as a master keyboard in a MIDI setup with a sequencer. Locators (left and right) Two programmable song positions which set the cycle limits in the Transport window. The Locators also can be used to define the area to be edited for certain functions. Loop Constant repetition of an object, up to the next object in the same track, or to the end of the current folder, or song (whichever comes first). Merge Mix, combine together. Meta event Type of event in the Event List. Contains nonMIDI events that can control special Logic features, like text or screenset configurations. Hierarchical menus
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Standardized, asynchronized, serial and event-oriented interface for electronic musical instruments. MIDI Clock Short MIDI message for clock signals. See also: SPP. MIDI Event Individual MIDI command, such as a note on command. Continuous controller movements (e.g. modulation wheel) produce a quick succession of individual events with absolute values. MIDI Message A message transmitted via MIDI consisting of 1 status byte and none, one, two or (with system exclusive commands) many data bytes. See MIDI Event. MIDI Multi Mode Multi-timbral operating mode on a MIDI sound module in which different sounds can be controlled polyphonically on different MIDI channels. A multi mode sound module behaves like several polyphonic sound modules. General MIDI prescribes a 16-part multimode, (i.e. the ability to control 16 different parts individually). Most modern sound generators support multi mode. In Logic, multi mode sound modules are addressed via multi instruments. MIDI System Exclusive Message Also SysEx System exclusive data forms the top tier in the hierarchy of MIDI commands. These messages are tagged with an identification number for each manufacturer (the Sys Ex Manufacturer’s ID number). The actual contents of these MIDI commands is up to the manufacturer. They are used for transferring whole sound programs and/or system settings, and for addressing individual parameters used in sound generation or signal processing. Editor software (such as Emagic's SoundDiver) transmits and receives MIDI system exclusive messages from MIDI devices, allowing you to program these MIDI devices on your computer. Modifier (Special keys) Computer keyboard keys used together with “normal” keys to change their function: [K]m]E]R]. Modulation Generally, a slight, continuously varying pitch change. The MIDI standard is controller no. 1, transmitted on keyboards by the non-centered control wheel (or by moving the joystick vertically). MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
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Grabbing an object, moving it with the mouse button held down and releasing it at the target position. MTC (MIDI Time Code) “Translation” of a SMPTE signal into the MIDI Standard. Mute Switch off (a sound or track). Normalize 1) This function applies the settings of the current playback parameters to the selected events (by altering the actual events themselves), and clears the playback parameter settings. Moving
2) (Audio): This function raises the volume of a recorded audio file to the maximum digital level without altering the dynamic content. Note number (Note #) Pitch of a MIDI note, controlled by the first data byte of a MIDI note event. Object In the Arrange window, a general term for sequences or folders. In the Environment, it also applies to instruments, faders, mixers, keyboards, monitors, Audio Objects, etc. Option Alternative function, often in the form of a checkbox, sometimes also as a menu entry to be ticked. Parameter box Field on the left side of the screen where you can adjust the parameters of the selected object. Paste Add. The command l%JVJ adds the contents of the clipboard-i.e. whatever you copied with Ho or cut with l%!Jm-to the position of the cursor, or song position line. Pitch Bend Message MIDI message transmitted by a keyboard’s pitch bend wheel. Pitch Bend Wheel Hand wheel for generating pitch bend messages. Pixel One matrix dot on the computer screen. Short for “picture element.” Play parameters The parameters for quantization, transposition, velocity, compression and delay which do not alter the stored data but merely affect how the events are played back. Position indicator Units: bars, beats, sub-divisions (often written simply as divisions in this manual) and ticks. Post Fader Positioned after the fader in the signal flow, i.e. the level of a signal routed post fader to an auxiliary changes when Gl-6
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the fader is moved. Post fader aux sends are normally used for effects (such as reverb) so that the reverb level changes with the channel level, and the ratio of original and effect signal remains constant P-Press Polyphonic key pressure, also known as polyphonic aftertouch. Rare and very data-intensive type of command, measuring the pressure exerted on each individual key. Very few keyboards have sensors for poly pressure. Pre Fader Positioned before the fader in the signal flow, i.e. the level of a signal routed pre fader to an auxiliary does not change when the fader is moved. Pre fader aux sends are normally used for monitor mixes, so that the mix on stage or in the studio headphones does not change when the levels are altered in the control room. Preferences Storable settings for a program. Pull-down menu Selection menu which opens when you grab the parameter input box. Occasionally referred to in this manual as a flip menu. Punch, punch-in, punch-out (Drop in/out) Going into and out of record to record over a section of an existing recording. Quantization Time-correction of note positions by moving them to the nearest point on a selectable grid. Region Chosen area of an audio file which is registered in the Audio window for use in the song and, can be placed in the Arrange window on the audio tracks, just like a sequence can be placed on the MIDI tracks. The region could be the whole length of the audio file, or any portion thereof. A region is created automatically after every audio recording. Replace Operating mode where a new recording deletes the previous one (like a tape machine). Rubber band Technique for selecting items by click-holding the mouse, and lassoing it over a group of adjacent items. Scroll bars and scroll box Gray beam at the edge of a window with a movable box inside it for adjusting the section of a song displayed in the window.
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Storage location for the layout of the various Logic windows. Each Logic song may store up to 90 Screensets. Scrubbing On tape machines: manually moving the tape across the tape head. In a sequencer: manually moving the song position line through the song, triggering playback of the MIDI events. Selecting Choosing. Selected objects are displayed in inverted colors. Sends Abbreviation for auxiliary sends (used for effect or monitor sends). Sequence A collection of MIDI events which is shown in the Arrange window as a horizontal beam with a name on it. SMPTE Standard for time coding in a specialized sound signal used for synchronizing different devices. There are six formats. Acronym for the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. Specifies the “counter position” of a “SMPTE clock”. Composed of hours, minutes, seconds and frames. The MIDI variation of SMPTE is MIDI Time Code (MTC). Song Position Line Vertical line in the Arrange, Matrix and Score windows which indicates the current song position. It can be grabbed with the mouse and moved (see scrubbing). Sound source General term for MIDI-controllable synthesizer, sampler, drum machine, digital piano, etc. SPP, song position pointer A specific type of MIDI message which gives the distance from the song start in 1/16 notes, and is transmitted along with MIDI clock. SMF (Standard MIDI File) Standard file format for exchanging songs between different sequencers or MIDI file players. Status byte First byte in a MIDI message, which determines the type of message. Subframe A sub-division of a SMPTE frame, corresponding to the individual bits of a SMPTE frame. One frame consists of 80 bits. Swing Parameter which alters the rigid timing of a quantization grid by delaying every other note of a specified sub-division by a definable amount. Screenset
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Method for keeping several recording/playback devices locked together timing-wise. Synchronizer Unit for centrally controlling the synchronization of several devices. Tick, plural = Ticks The smallest unit of timing resolution in a sequencer. In Logic this is 1/3480 note. Timing Measure of the ability to play notes at the right time. Toggle Switches backwards and forwards between two states (windows, parameter values, etc.) Track column Situated to the left of the working area of the Arrange window. Displays the instruments assigned to various tracks. Track Mixer Adaptive Mixer which automatically configures itself to show every audio and MIDI track, in the order that they appear in the Arrange window or in an open folder. If you move the controls on the adaptive mixer while recording, automation data is stored in the relevant tracks in the form of normal MIDI Controllers. Track object Environment object defined in the track column of the Arrange window to which the data of the track are routed. Undo Function which reverses the previous operation. Update 1. New version of a program. Often arrives a month late. 2. Mixer automation mode in Logic, where the old automation data is replaced by new recordings of existing controllers. Velocity Force with which a MIDI note is struck; controlled by the second data byte of a note event. View Local menu with display options. Virtual memory Area of the hard disk which can be used by the Mac as an extension of the RAM memory. The disadvantage in using it is its very slow access time. When running Logic it must be switched off; this is done from the “Memory” control panel. WAVFile Audio file format in the Windows 92/98 operating system. Uses the file extension, ".WAV". Work area The area of a window in which you edit objects (folders, sequences, events, environment objects). Synchronization
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“What You See Is What You Get”. The ability of a program to accurately display the forthcoming printout on the screen, e.g. Page View mode in Logic’s Score window. XG Extended General MIDI standard from Yamaha, compatible with Roland GS. Zero crossing A point in an audio file where the waveform crosses the zero amplitude axis. If you cut an audio file at a zero crossing there will be no click at the cut point. Zoom function Shrinking or enlarging the display in Logic windows. WYSIWYG
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