Manual 10295289

Transcript

www.carburetor-manual.com Would you like some Free Manuals? http://carburetor-manual.com/free-shop-manual-club-t-13.html Also visit http://freeshopmanual.com for more Free Manuals Also Visit my website for 7 FREE Download Manuals starting with this one. "The ABC's of Carburetion" Click Here Now file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Tim/Desktop/carburetor-manual-welcome/index.htm[4/25/2009 11:42:20 AM] AIR International VolumeZ2 June1982 NumberS Managing Editor William Green Editor Gordon Swanborough Modelling Editor Fred J Henderson Contributing Artist FRONT COVER Mitsubishi MU -300 Diamond 1 executive twin -jet in flight over Texas. 267 ORIENTAL BIZ· JET, WESTERN ACCENT The Mitsubishi MU -300 Diamond 1, second executive transport from the famous Japanese company, has recently been certificated and deliveries are now beginning. Its origins and characteri stics are traced in this article, which includes a cutaway drawing. "----~~~--------~~~~- Dennis Punnett Contributing Photographer Stephen Peltz Editorial Representative, Washington Norman Polmar Managing Director Publisher CONTENTS Donald Syner Keith Attenborough Financial Director Claire Sillette Advertising Director Advertising Manager Subscription Manager Elizabeth Baker RogerJew8/s 284 WINDS OF CHANGE In his" Personal View", Roy Braybrook discusses some of the difficulties in forecasting the future for combat aircraft, and makes some predictions of possible trends. A number of new photographs of Soviet aircraft are included . A 290 FIAT BR.20 . . . STORK LA MODE A description in the 'Warbirds" series of the competent, if relatively little· known, twin-engined bomber that flew on all the combat fronts in which the Regis Aeronsutics was engaged during World War II. Sheilagh Campbell Circulation Manager William S treek Editorial Offices : The AI R INTERNATIONAL, PO Box 16, Bromlev, BR2 7AB Kent. Subscription, Advertising and Circulation Offices: The AlA INTERNATIONAL, De Worde House, 283 l onsdale Road, london SW13 90W. Telephone 01 -878 2454. US and Canadian readers may address subscriptions and general enquiries to AIR INTERNATIONAL, PO Box 353, Whitestone, NY 11357 -0353 for onward transmission to the UK, from where all correspondence is answered and orders despatched. MEMBER OFTHE AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS IABCI Subscription rates, inclusive of postage, direct from the publishers, per year: £8·75 United Kingdom Overseas £9·25 USA $23·00 Canada $26·00 272 EGVPT - AN AIR POWER IN TRANSITION The third and final instalment in our exclusive coverage of the Egyptian Air Force, accompanied by the second half of an historical survey that brings the story up-tO-date. 262 AIRSCENE The monthly round·up of news and background to the news presented under section headings for Military Affairs, Aircraft and Industry Civil Affairs and new Civil and Military Aircraft Contracts. ' 271 BOEING'S NEWEST TWIN ON TEST Photographs of the Boeing 757. 295 VETERAN AND VINTAGE Howa Spitfire almost encountered a Bf 109 Nevadal 296 over ~IGHT~R A TO Z Continuing the AIR INTERNATIONAL encyclopaedia of the world's fi ghter aircraft, from the Hawker Hotspurto the Hawker Tempest II . 302 MODEL ENTHUSIAST Modelling comments, the latest ki ts reviewed and a page of colour profiles of the Short Sunderl and. 305 PLA.N E FACTS Answers to readers' enquiries from A IR INTER NATIONAL files: the Martin P6M Seamaster and the Boeing XB· 47D. 313 TALKBACK Readers of AIR INTERNATIONAL offer comments of general interest. WR ENDEZVOUS WITH WR EN Rates for other countries and for air mail subscriptions available on request from the Subscription Department at the above address. The AIR INTERNATIONAL is published monthly by Fine Scroll Limited, distri buted by Ducimus Books Ltd and printed by William Caple & Company Ltd, Chevron Press, Leicester, England. Editorial contents © 1982 by Pilot Press Limited. The views expressed by named contributors and correspondents are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors. Neither the editors nor the publishers accept re sponsibility for any loss or damage, however caused, to manuscripts or illustrations subm itted to the A IR INTERNATIONAL Second Class postage approved at New York, NY. USA Mailing Agents: Air-Sea Freight Inc, 527 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022. ISSN 0306 -5634 "Isn't this still on the Secret List?" AIRSCENE MILITARY AFFAIRS AUSTRALIA The nincCaaberns remaining in the inventory of the RAAF (eight with No 2 Sqn at Amberley and one with the Aircraft Research and Development Unit a l Edinburgh) are going to be retired latcr this year rdthcr than 1984 as previously scheduled. The earlier retirement of the Canberra has been decided upon by the RAAF as an economy measure. The Canberra B 20 and T 21 is currently used by No 2 Sqn for photo-reconnaissance and survey missions and will evcnlually be replaced in these roles by lin unspecified executive jet. There would now seem to be: DO question o f any leasing or procurement of V/STOL 8ghten for operatio n by the Royal Australian Navy hero« the MroOd han of the '~Chlies and not necessarily even then. For its first years in Australian scrviceatleast. I-tMS In vincible will operate purely as an ASW helicopter carrier and will initially operate with six Sea Kings transfem:d from f.IMAS Melbourne. These will be reinforced by two more Sea Kings already on order from Westland, and the RAN is formulating a submission for a further eight Sea Kings to form a second squadron in 1983, The normal combined operational complement of the two squadrons of 12 helicopters will still fall short of Invincible's normal capacity of 14 helicopters plus up to eight V/STOL fighters, and there would seem little doubt, therefore. that the RAN will be unable to realise the full oper.uionHI potential of its new fla gship for some considerable time. BELGIUM The Foru Aerienne Belge/Belgische Luchtmacht is apparen tl y planning the re-equipment of a third fiptt'r WiD, witb the .'-16 Fighting Falcon by dint of uSlOg the aircraO hitherto earmarked as attrition replacements in order to maintain its eight-squadron commitment to NATO. The I ere Wing de ChO.'isl' Tou$- Temps! I lach/ .....ing Aile Weder at Beauvechain and comprising the 349 and 350 Escadrilles/ Smaldelen is already fully operational with 32 F-I6s, and the lOt Wing at Kleine Brogel is working up on the F- 16, its 23 Escadrille having received its first aircraft at the end of las t year and being scheduled to complete conversion in December. The declining numbers of Mirage 5s are expected to necessitate the disbandment of at least one squadron in 1985, and it is proposed to reequip a third wing by means of utilising the F16s so far ordered as attrition replacement aircraft and order a further 44 F-I6s to replace these in turn. Oen Marcel deSmet, the Clnefof StafT, stated recently thai a governmental decision eoncernin'l replacements fo r the Mirage 5 in the FAeB( BL inventory must be laken next month (Ju y), and it has not yet been decided if these will be more F-I6s or additional Mirage 5s. If the latter type is selected deliveries will ha ve to commence in 1985 owing to training requirements, whereas if it is decided to standardise on the F- 16 it will be possible to allow deliveries to slip until 1986 owing to the ongoing training programme. CH '-LE The first Chilean-assembled Piper PA-28RJOC)X BT Pill... tandem two-seat primary/basic trainers are scheduled to be delivered to the Fuerza Aerea de Chile later tlUs year under the service designation T-35. The first Pillan completed by IndAer (Industria Aeronautica) at the EI Bosque facility from a C KD kit supplied by Piper was completed earlier tbis PAGE 262 I year and is currently undergoing service: evaluation. Current planning calls for the introduction of a new two·type training system in the F Aec commencin~ next year in which pupils will underta ke thar primary and basic flying training on lhe T -35 Pillan and then progress to the T-36 Haleo n (CASA C-IO I BB Aviojet) for advanced fl ying and tactical training. The CASA trainer is also to be assembled at EI Bosque by IndAer. CH INA The Shenyang-built F.s variable-geometry fighter has now been assigned the reporriDg UrM Finback. Powered by two Chinesemanufactured copies of the afte rburning Tumansky R- I I turbojet , Finback reportedly incorporates technology gleaned from MiG· 235 furnished by the Egyptian g:overnment several years ago. Western mtelligence agencies believe that onl y comparatively small numbers of Fin/xJcks have so far been delivered to the Air Force of the People's Libenation Army, but Taiwanese sources allege that "several hundred" have now been delivered and that Fin/xJck is currently being manufactured in both air superiority and attack versions. Little is known of the external appearance of Fin/xJck, but US aerospace industry representatives that exami ned a prototype two years ago stated that it featured a ram-air nose intake with a conical centrebody radome. FALKLAND ISLANDS Following the occupation of the Falkland Islands by Argentine forces on 2 April, British aircnft attached to the Task Force despatched to counter the Argentinian action were first eagaged ia combllt on 25 April. On that day, two Lynx HAS Mk Is fl ying from the frigates HMS Alacri/y and Antelope used wire-guided AS I2 ASMs to disable the Argentine submarine Sante Fe at Grytviken harbour, South Georgia. Later that day, Sea King HC Mk 4s with Lynx escorts, were used to land Royal Marines on Soutb Georgia. Air action in the area o f the Fa1k1and Islands themselves began on I May when, before dawn. a single Vulcan B Mk 2, flying from Ascension Island and refuelled by Victor K Mk 2s on outward and return flights. attacked the runway at Port Stanley airfield with I,OOO-Ib (4S4-kg) bombs. The Vulcan was followed by a wave of Sea Harrier FRS Mk Is from HMS Hermes, which hit the same target and a smaller airstrip at Goose Green, with BL 755 cluster bombs and cannon fire. Argentine aircraft on the ground, some of which were presumed damaged or destroyed, included IA 58A Pucaras. Aermacchi MB 326G&. Beech T-34C-I Turbine Mentors and assorted helicopters. Later on, on I May, Argentine Air Force aircraft attacked ships in the Task Force, and in these engagements two Mirage (or Dagger) fighters and a Canberra bomber were shot down. On 3 May one Argentine patrol boat was sunk and a second damaged when fired upon by Lynx helicopters using Sea Skua ASMs. Further attacks were made on the Falklands airfields on 4 May in which one Sea Harrie r was lost, and on the same day an Exocet ASM fired from an Argentine Navy Super Etendurd destroyed the Type 42 destroyer HMS Sheffield. FRANCE The first two EM B-121 Xingu aircraft of the 41 ordered for the Armel' tk rAir (25) and Aeronovole ( 16) arrived iD Fruceon 16 March after being ferried by EMBRAER pilots from sao Jose dos Campos via Fernando de Noronha, Salt Island, Las Palmas and Seville. AIR INTERNATIONAL/ JUNE 1982 total flying time being approximately 27 hours. The two aircraft, one for each of Ihe two French services, were o ffici ally accepted at Le Bourget on 24 ( Armel' de fA ir) and 25 ( Aironol'Ole) March before transfer to Bretigny for a two-month evaluation by the CEV. EMBRAER is currently fulfilling the remainder of the Xingu order at a rate of two aircraft monthly. and the first Xingu was scheduled to be deli vered to the CEA M at Mont-de-Marsan last month ( May). During the course of a ceremony held on I April at Evreux. E$cadron 1/64 /Jearn took delivery of its first three new-production C. 16O Transalltransports that are replacing the unit's ageing Noratlas aircraft . The Escadroll is scheduled to have received its full complement of 12 C. 160s by the coming autumn. and its companion unit in the 61 t & cadre. 2/64 Anjou, will have achieved operational status on the C. 16O by Iheend of 1983. Of the 25 new C. 160s ordered on behalfofthe Armee de fAir, 10wili be capable of serving as flight refuelling tankers and all will be capable of aerial refuelling. The Armee de fAir is scheduled to commence student tniaing OD the TB 30 Epsilon (see Mili/ary Affairs/ May) in July 1984, pupil pilots receiving the first 70 hours of their training (after screening on the CAP 10) on the Epsilon, reducing the Magister stage to 80 hours with consequent life extension of the ageing basic jet trainer. Aerospatiale asserts that direct transition to the Alpha Jet from the Epsilon could be achieved after 125 hours on the latter, a claim which it is hoped will, in view of the FrF2,5m (£225,000) flyaway price which is abou t half that of the PC-7 Turbo Trainer or T-34C Turbo Mento r, attract export orders. Seven Epsilons are expected to be completed by the end of 1983, and thereafter production at Tarbes will build up to four monthly. INDIA Following a French decision to ease the terms of government-backed credit. the Indian government finally signed the ITP (Intent to Proceed) covering Mirage 2000 procurement mid-April, after more than two years of ne80tiation. The ITP covers the purchase of 40 aircraft from Dassault-Breguet with deliveries commencing in 1985, a year later than forecast earlier. and includes an option covering the procurement ofa further 40 to be assembled by HAL from kits supplied by Dassault- Breguet with subsequent progressive manufacture by HAL of up to 110 additional aircraft . permit procurement by Iraq or betwccn six and 12 Lockheed L-1 00 Hercules follo wing the February removal of that country from the list of those formally regarded as supporters o f terrorism . The US State Department will extract a promise from the Iraqi government before supplying the Hercules transports that they will be reslricted to commercial use, although critics point out that similar promises extracted from other Middle Eastern countries in the past have been ignored subsequent to delivery of the aircraO concerned and, in an y case, Iraqi Air Force transports (eg, 11-765) carry commercial registrations and their roles ran~e from commercial to military acco rding to circumstances. It is as yet uncertain if the US decision to permit Iraq to purchase Hercules will influence the Italian government in its attit ude towards Iraqi procurement o f the Aeritalia G.222 which it refused to entertain while hostilities between Iraq and Iran continued. Last yea r, the Irllqi Air Force was anxious to place contracts for up to 30 G .222s of which onl y abou t half were straight transport aircraft, the remllinder comprising a version capable of launching Meteor Mirach100 remotely·piloted vehicles. an airborne early warning and control system version and an electronic warfare model. France. apparently, has no such scruples as those evinced by the Italian government, having accepted a follow-on order for a further 29 DassaultBreguet Mirage FI fighters to supplement the 60 FIEQs and FIBQs previously contracted for by the Iraqi government. JAPAN Prospects would seem to ha\'e diminished for any substantial follow-on order for Ihe F-15J Eagle for the ASDF following the lelling of a contract by the Defence: Agency for the upgraclm& or the F-4EJ Pbantom which will. acco rding to the Service, endow the F-4EJ with superior ground support and anti.shipping capabilities to those of the F- 15J. The mitial contract, valued lit S5·32m (£2'99m) and expecled to be followed by II SJJ.6m (£18·88m) contract in this Fiscal Year. calls for repillce:ment of thc A PQ- 120 fire control system by APG-66, installation ofa similar C P-I075/A YK central computer to that of the F- 15J. provision of a Litton LN-39 inertial guidance navigation system, a Hazeltine APX-76 IFF system, a Kaiser VDO/ KM-808 HUD. a Tokyo Jeiki APR-4 rear warning radar. and the necessary plumbing for the AIM·9L and AIM-7F versions of the Sidewinder and Sparrow AAMs respectively, and for the Mitsubishi Type 80 anti-shipping missile. The retrofitted prototype will be deli vered by Fiscal 1984 for a two-year evaluation. INTERNATJONA.L The 1000b Tornado (GS 01 8) was haacIe4 o,'er to the Luft .....affe on 31 March at Manching. and on the same day, Aeritalia delivered the IOlst aircraft (IT 002) to the Aeronau/ica Militare at Turin. Tornadoes arc still being delivered to the Trinational Tornado Training Establishment at RAF Cottesmore which had received 42 by the beginning of April against its planned total complement of SO (22 Gennan, 2 1 British and seven Italian) aircraft. The RAFTornado Weapons Conversion Unit at Honington has its full eo~plcmen t of 22 ai rcraft, and the joint Luftwaffe and Marinefli~er weapons unit at Erdin~ will ha ve received 16 aircraft before movmg to Jever next yea r. The first service squadrons to convert 10 the Tornado are Marinejfiegerg~schwadl'r I at Jagel and No 9 Sqn. RAF, at Honington. MALAYSIA Major economies imposed on the Royal Malaysian Air Force's planned allack aircraft programme are to result in the ref. biVlmeat or only 40 of the 88 ex-US Navy A-4 SkyhawklJ purchased from the USA (25 A-4Cs and 63 A4Ls) at a cost ofS23m. and these will not now be fitted with the sophisticated nav/attack system ( Litton LW-33AM inertial navigation. C5E VE-IIO HUD and TAV-38 lase r rangefinder) originally planned under a S407m total programme cost. The refurbishing programme to be confined to the 40 5kyhawks will now be limited to new VHF and UHF nav/eom equipment. including ADF and TACAN. wlthm an u{>date programme ceiling ofS 137m. A contract IS expected to be let shortly for the Skyhawk refurbishing programme if a contractor can be found to undertake the work within the reduced limits. and the money saved on the programme will go towards initial payments for a new generation of combat aircraft for the mid-·eighties. IRAQ The Reagan Administration has agreed to PANAMA The Fuerta Aerea Panameno accepted delivery o n I April at CASA 's San Pablo facility of the first of three C-212 Series 200 utility transports. The FAeP C-2 12 Aviocars nre configured as freight, troop and paratroop transpo rts, and t.heir deli ....ery marks the first phase of a modernisation programme. The FAeP currentl y possesses a small and mixed fleet of mostly aged transport aircraft. including three C-47s, a Skyvan 3M . two Islanders. an L-188 Electra and two Twin Olters. a pair ofDHC-2 Oilers and about a dozen of varIous versions of the Belli roquois helicopter. PORTUGAL The Forra Aerea Porluguesa is currentl y negotiatin~ with EM BRAER ror five EMRIII maritime patrol and s urveillance aircraft, according to unconfinned reports from Lisbon. The Forra Aerea Portuglle$Q has requested procurement of a rollow~n batch or a further 30 Vought A-7P Corsair 115, including six twoseaters, and despite current budgetary constraints, it is anticipated tha t the purchase will be sanctioned by the Portuguese go\'ernmcnl. Three more A-7Ps reached BA-5 at Monte Real in March, following the initial nine aircraft that arrived in December. and all 20 Corsair li s covered by the initial contract should achieve service status this s ummer. The primary tasks of the A-7P in FAP service will be mantime reconnaissance and strike. secon· dary missions being close air support and lowlevel penetration. The A-7Ps will be home· based at BA-5. but consideration is beinggh'en to the deployment of detachments to BA-4 at Lajes and to Santa Maria airport. Madeira. The FAP unit operating the A-7 P is the Esquadra 502. TAIWAN The Nationalist Chinese Air Force an ticipates introducing the AIDC AT-3 tandcm two·sea t twin-turbofan basic/advanced trainer from 1984, and production of an initial series of 50 AT·3s at the Aero Indus try Development Centre at Taichung is to commence this year. An origi nal design developed with the aid of the North rop Corporation, the prototype trainer, the XAT-3, commenced its fli ght test programme late 1980 and is powered b y two Garretl AiResearch TFE 731 turbofans. The US government has notified Congress of its intention 10 sell a S60m (03·7m) arms packa"e under its obligation to provide defenSIVe .....eapons under the Taiwan Relations Act. Although the package has been stated to comprise spares for 14 types of aircraft in the Nationalist Chinese Air Fo rce and not to be "3 new sale ofanns", sources in Taipei indicate that only SI9m (£10'67m) of the package comprises spares. China has protested the sale but has not apparently considered it to be suffi ciently serious to warrant a diplomatic confro ntation. TURKEY According to Defence Minis ter U Haluk Bayulken. the Turkish Air Force is planning to modernise its fighter elemenl at a rate of one or two wings annually for the next 10 years and is exploring the possibility of co·production in Turkey of either the General Dynamics' F- 16 or the No rthrop F- 18L. representatives of both General Dynamics and No rthrop having. according to Minister Bayulken , dete rmined that Turkish facilities are adequate for coproduction of either fighter. UN ITED KINGDOM Following a disbandment parade lit RAF Waddington on 29 April. No IX Squadron was to reform on I June as the RAF's fim operational Tornado unit. The squadron has been flying Vulcans since: 1962, including a sixyear spell in Cyprus. Inclement weather on 29 April prevented a fly-past by a Lancaster. Canberra and Vulcan. representing the bombers flown by No IX since: World War II , and the first Tornado to carry the squadron's markings. The final three Vulcan squadrons Nos 44, SOand 101 - are scheduled to disband at Waddington at the end ofthis month (June). subject to any revision of these plans caused by the Falklandscrisis. USA The US Navy and Lockheed have finalised a full ·scale engineering development contract valued at SI87m (£105m) for the modification a nd testin~oftwo S-3A Viking shipboard ASW aircrart with imprOVed avionics and weapons systems. The two modified aircraft. which are to be designated S-3Bs, arc to be delivered to the US Navy for test and evaluation in October 1985, and it is anticipated that theentire fleet of approximately 160 Vikings will eventually be upgraded to 5-38 standards. The impro ....ements will include increased acoustic processing capacilY. expanded electronic surveillance me:lsures coverage. enhanced radar processing. new sonobuoy telemetry receiver and provision for Harpoon anti·shipping missiles. The US Navy is. in fact. seriously short of Vikings owing to its fleet expansion programme and mus t either resurrect the Viking production line or find an interim shipboard ASW aircraO rapidly. Vice Adm Wesley McDonald, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, said recently: "There is only a fixed number o f aircraft available for the II current squadrons. Each o flhe present carriers has 10 S-3s on board and when the USS Theodore Rooserel/ joins the Aeet in the late 'eighties, there will be a need for 12 S-3 squadrons. This will cause an immediate shortage of Vikings which will continue through the 1990s and will become critical with the introduction of CVN72 and subsequent carriers." He added that current planning docs not call for an S-3 replacement until the late 'nineties, and therefore a decision to re-open the Viking line or develop a replacement must be made soon. The US NafY has nx:ofered 17 T -2B Buckeye basic trainers from the M ilita ry Storage Disposition Center al the Davis Monthan AFB, Tucson. Arizona, and is restoring 15 of them to airworthy condition ( two being retained for spares) at the Naval Air Rework Facilit y, Pensacola. Aorida. The "de-mothballing" or the T-2Bs has been rendered necessary owing to the fact that the US Navy now has insufficient T-2Cs available to meet its pilot training requirements in the mideighties. AIR CRAFT A D INDUSTRY CANA DA Canadair has adopted winglets. some 4 n (1,22 m) in length. as a standard feature for the CL601 version of the Challenger, powered by General Electric CF-34 engines. The prototype CL-60 1 mllde its maMien fligil! at Mojave, Calif, o n 10 April, a few days ahead of schedule; this aircraft is a standard CL-600 fitted with a new rea r fuselage and the winglets. The first production CL-60 1 is to fly later this year and customer deliveries should begin in mid-1983. A retrofit kit is being olTered by de Havilland Aero Services of Canada to permit coofersioo or DHC· 2 Beanrs to Mit III Tur~Beafe r stllndllrd. De Havilla nd built 1,631 Beavers, of which the final 60 were Mk Ills. and it is thOUght that many users of the commercial model will be interested in the retrofit, which introduces a PT6A-20 turboprop, a threebladed Hartzell reversible propeller. a 30·in (76-cm) fuselage plug to allow two more seats to be fitted. more fuel capacity and other improvements. As ,",'ell as ha vi ng the intrinsic PAGE 263 advanlage of turbop rop power using kerosene instead of avgas, the T urbo-Beaver has a 500Ib (227-kg) increase in payload, two extra passenger seats and beller field and climb performance, Purchasers of the kits will be expected to make their own local arrangements for the actual work of conversion. fRANCE Sales of the Oassault-Breguet f alcon 10 had reached a total of 218 by I March, with 192 delivered. With effect from aircraft No 193, a new. larger, rear baggage compartmenl has been introduced; and. sta rting with No 202. an additional (fourth) window has been added in the forward starboard side. Ai rcraft with these modifications, and a new Collins EFIS flight system, have been redesignated f alcon 100 for the Nonh American market, wherc they are d istributed by Falcon Jet Corporation. A ret rofit ki t to introd uce the extra wi ndow and, probably, the new baggage compartment, will be o ffered in d ue course. Meanwhile, OassaultBreguet is preparing to end production o f the Mystere/ Falcon 20F in favour o f the Falcon 200 (previously 20H), with the last of the earlier model to be delivered towards the end of 1983. The first production f alcoo 200 will appear next spring, fo llowing on the line the five Guardians for Aer()flm·ale (which are nominally to 20H standard) and the prototype, originally designated as the Falcon 2OG-0 1 but later modified to 20H standard for certification. (The designation 20G now a pplies o nly to the 4 1 H U-25A G uardians for the US Coast Guard, the first of which was fi nally delivered o n 19 February). Powered, like the 20G, by Garrett AT F 3-6 turbofans, the Falcon 200 has a larger fuel capacity and a small aerodynamic refinement at the wing roo t leading edge that has produced an unexpectedly large improvement in fiel d perfo rmance. The aft CG posidon has also been extended from 28· 5 per cent to 35 per cent. Four production Falcon 200s will be available in 1983, after which this will become the only productio n va riant, a t a ra te of two a month. Total orders for the Mystere/ Falcon 20 fa mily stood at 477 on I March, of which 458 had been delivered. Aerospatiale's Helicopter Division recorded a total of 769 orders d uring 198 1. and produced some 420 helicopters a t the rate of 35 a month - a figu re that is expected to be do ubled by Exeter Air Display EXele r A irport. Sat urday, 10th July 1982. Gates op en at 11.00 a.m. Flyin g starls at 2.30 p.m. Excitin g d isp lays b y service and civilia n aircraft. S ia lls, trade ex h ibi ls, m ini mo to rshow. Entertainment for c h ildren and something to interest all t he family. Bars a n d b uffet. A ll proceeds to Royal Air Forces Association . Furlher details from: Area Secretary, South Western Area RAFA, 34 SI. David's Hill, Exeter EX4 4DT. Tel: (0392) 55924 PAGE 264 mid-1983. The sales in 198 1 included 59 AS332 Super Pumas (plus 21 options), 87 AS 350 Ecureuils, 120 AS 3500 Astars, 210 AS 355 Ecureuil 2/Twinstars, 93 SA 365N Dauphins, 32 AS 3660 Dolphins and 123 SA 342 Gazelles and mili tary Super Pumas. T he second prototype of the Dassault-Breguet Atlantic NG, converted from Atlantic I No 69, made its first fligh t at Toulouse/ Blagnac on 26 March . Since its first flight on 8 May 1981 , the first prototype (Atla ntic I No 42) has made more than 40 Hights. The con tract for production o f 42 ANGs is expected to be confirmed shortly after this issue appears. IN DONESIA Nurtanio has recently completed the last NC212 Srs 100 Aviocar and is now concerned only with the Srs 200. The last Srs 100 was the thi rd fo r Sabang Mara uke Air Charter, o ne of the several Indonesian airlines usi ng the Spanishdesigned aircraft. Du ring 1981, N urtanio completed delivery of 12 NC-2J2 Srs 200s to Merpati Nusantara Airli nes, these joining fo ur Srs 100s delivered earlier, and the com pany is now wo rki ng on a batch of 10 Srs 200s for Pel ita, which took delivery of two Srs 100s in 1980. Two Srs 200s have also gone into service with PLP Curug (the Indo nesian Pilot Training Centre). INT ERNATIO NAL A first fli ght lasting 3 hr 15 mins was made at Toulouse on 3 April by the Airbus AJ 10. The firs t of three A3 10s to be used in the l1i~t test programme, it carried both Swissalr and Lufthansa markings but. like the second aircraft, is act ually destined fo r Swissair. The thi rd aircraft, to be powered by CF6-80A engines, will be the first for Luft ha nsa, and aircraft fou r and five, respectively for Lufthansa and Swissai r, will be used for route proving. Certification is expected by March 1983. Test running of the second Rolls-Royce-JA E RJ·500 began in Ja pan on 3 March, at the Mizuho facto ry, near To kyo, of Ishikawaji ma Harima Heavy Industries. This pro totype. described as an -01 D4 demonstrator, reached the design ta rget performance by earl y April, including a thrust of 21,078 Ib (9 560 kg). The engine is expected in the UK later this summer to undergo testing in the NGTE high altitude chamber. N ETHERLAN DS Towards the end of March, Fokker an no unced that the H 7 Friendship had passed the milesto ne of 13 million flights, incl ud ing 10 million by F27s built by the parent company. The Friendship fleet includes 205 built by Fairchild and 534 sold by Fokker, with production now co n tin ui n ~ at a rate o f two a month. The high-time airframe is c/n 39, operated by Ansett o f Australia, with nearly 59,000 hrs logged, but c/n 5, owned by Air New Zealand, has made mo re fli ghts - some 60,000. Worldwide, F27s are averaging 4·5 flyi ng hrs a day and an average fl ight du ratio n of 55 minutes. ROMAN IA The Romania n State airline, TA ROM, took delivery o n 12 Marc h of the third o f the BAC O ne-Ele'·ens that were part of the original ROMBAC manufacturing licence agreement between Bri tish Aerospace and CN IA R. The final aircraft is a Srs 525, as was the fi rst. delivered in Jan uary 198 1; the Srs 487 freigh ter was handed over last July. Bri tish Aerospace has delivered 230 One-Elevens and has no further orders fo r new aircraft in hand, although component production is conti nuing at Hurn to support the productio n o f 22 ROM BAC O ne-Eleven 550s by CNIA R in Romania. AIR INTERNATIONAL/J UNE 1982 UN ITED KINGDOM The thi rd BAe 146 made its fi rst ftight from Hatfield on 2 April and, with total l1ight hours on the first two exceeding 300 by that date, embarked upon performance testing, noise measurement and evaluation of avio nics and cabin conditioning. Emphasising the low external noise levels on the BAe 146. as already apparent to the local community a ro und Hatfield, the first three aircraft (all Srs 100s) carry the registration G-SSSH, G-SSHH and G-SSCH; they have identical paint schemes but in d ifferenl colours: respectively o range and white, blue and white, and brown and white. Next to Hy will be the first Srs 200, representative of the type to be used by the first American opera to r, Air Wisconsin. ' Financing for the purchase of four BAe 146200s by Air Wisconsin was recently arranged with a group of US banks, and supported by the U K Export Credits Guarantee Department; the company has fou r more BAe 146s on o ptjo n. Harvest Air of Southend has been awarded a contract by the Department of Trade to provide a Hcet of eight aircraft converted to fight oil pollution around the U K coastline. Six Isla nders a nd two DC-3s have been modified to spray dispersants at low level over oil slicks. havlDg the ability to carry one ton and five tons of chemicals respectively. Bearing the legend "Pollution Control", the aircraft are required to be ready at 30-min notice by day and two hrs overnight; they are to be based a t Southend, Exeter, West Freugh and Kinloss. Westland Helicopters has announced that it is ready to market composite main rotor blades for the Westland Sea King and Sikorsky S6 1/SH· 3 fami ly of helicopters. A new p'roductio n faci lity has been built at YeovJl to handle these blades and other composite components now being produced fo r the Westland 30 and developed for the EH 10 1 and the Lynx. T he Sea King composite blade offers a nu mber of advantages over the o riginal metal blade and can be bolted di rectly onto the rotor hub with a cuff Hange identical to that of the original. Westland Helicopters has received a £278,000 contract from the RAE, Farn borough, to de,·eLop a Db« optic system (,·fl y-by-light" ) for helicopter control signals. T he two-year programme will culmina te in testing of represe ntative control cable looms using fibre o ptics installed in a Lynx mock- up. An F BL system has al ready been nown by Rockwell North American to operate the rudderofa T-2 Buckeye, and Boeing Vertol has a US Army contract worth $20· 5m (£ I I m) to develop and test fly an F BL system in a Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk in 1984. Another two-yea r programme is covered by a £58 1,000 contrac t from the RA E, for development and eval uation of a prototype fibre optics-based "data· bus·' for control of aircraft systems. Westland is the main contrac tor fo r this work, with Smiths Industries a nd Standard Telecommunications Laboratories as sub-contractors. RoJ.Is-Royce has won a contract to equip a major new o"erbaul base for R B.21 1 engines that is to be set up by Saudia in Saudi Arabia. The first ~hase of the 100,000 sq ft (92900 mZ) facility will become operational in September. and it will event ually employ some 200 people. allowing Saudia to become self-suffiCient in respect of R B.211 engine overha uls. Saudia has more than 100 R B.2 11s in its flee t of Lockheed TriStars and Boeing 747s. field Aviation is to establish an engineering complex at Londo n Heathrow to support business aviation activities. Scheduled to be operational by the end o f this year, it will com prise ha ngars, workshops. passenger and operations faci lities, and an engine workshop specially equipped to handle major repairs of the Garrett TFE 731. The base will provide facilit ies for up to 24 executive aircraft and Fields will offer full airframe maintenance for all aircraft types utilising the TFE 731 , in addition to their already-established HS.125, Falcon 20 and Falcon 50 capabilities. T he Goodyear airshi p "Europa" was to be used in the period 3-8 June for a series of ae rial sun eys over Loch Ness a nd o ther lochs in the Scoltish Highlands, in an expedition jointlY o rganised by Goodyear and the Scientific Exploration Society. Ryi ng from Inverness (Oalcross) Airport, the airship was to be used fo r aerial sampling, photography and photogrammetric technology, providing scientists with a unique opportunity fo r low-level, high definition photography using infra- red film and m ulti-spectral lenses. ··Europa" was in the U K for a six-week visit starting early in May, and has been engaged in a number ofactivi ties ra nging from Exeter in the south-west to London, the Midlands, Edinburgh and Inverness. Departure from the UK is scheduled fo r 16 June from Hurn Airport, Bournemo uth. For the 1982 display season, the Pitts Super Spec:ial sponsored by Dunlop and nown by Bria n Lecomber has been modified to have a 220 hp Lycom i n~ AEIO-360engine in place of the 180 hp Unit used in 198 I. A special aerobatic three-bladed constant-speed Hoffmann propeller has replaced the standard fixed-pitch unit and the wings, ailerons, tail uni t and undercarriage have all been the subject of development. Slingsby Engi neering Ltd of Ki rkbymoorside has now ended pcroduction of sailplarH!S, in which the company had specialised for 50 years, and is concentrati ng on the development and production of light aircraft using composite construction. Basis of present activities tS the Slingsby T67A (see AirDala File/ September 1981), a licence-built version of the Fournier RF-6B. Further developments arc the T67B, fu lly utilising Slingsby's G RP experience, and the T67M with a 160 hp engine, constant speed propeller a nd fuel systems adapted for inverted flight. A two-week effort at the end of April marked the fi rst phase of a project by RAF volunteers that is hoped eventually to produce twO complete Armst rong Whitworth Albemarlcs for museum display. The starting point for the quest is a quarry in Cum bria, into which more than 30 aircraft - Albemarles and Tiger Moths - were du mped soon after the end of the war. A 14-man team has started d igging thro ugh the to ns of ru bbish and debris which, it is hoped, will have served to protect the aircraft duri ng the last 35 years; their objective is to retrieve enough good parIS to rebuild two Albemarles, no o ther examples of which are known to exist. Sorting and identification will take place at the MU at RAF Carlisle, after which the parts will be moved to RA F St Athan for a rust inhibiting process prior to resto ration. The project is expected to last several years. USA Certification o f the DC-8 Srs 7 1 was obtained d uring April. and first deliveries were made to Delta Air Lines and United Airlines before the end of the month. The Srs 72 and Srs 73, first examples of which made their initial fligh ts on 5 December 198 1 and 4 March 1982 respectively, should have been approved by end of last month (May). Cammacorp has 94 firm orders fo r the CFM56 conversion o f De8s, with 29 options or conditional orders. and expects to deliver 29 aircraft this year, al though the programme is running some three months late o n its original schedule. After receiving its first Srs 7 1, Delta will use kits supplied by Cammacorp to convert 12 more Srs 61s to the new standard in its own facilities at Atlanta ; similarly, UTA Industries will use Cammacorp designs to modify three Srs 62s for the Armh' de rAir. Other companies that have cont racted with Cammacorp include Flying T igers ( 18 Srs 71), Spantax (three Srs 71), Capitol (Srs 71 and 73), T rans-America (Srs 71 and 73), Jet Aviation (Srs 73), Air Canada (six Srs 73). Overseas National (Srs 71 and 73), Air Gabon (Srs 73) and Japan Air Lines. The US A rmy's Defence System Acquisition Review Council (OSARq gave its approval on 26 March for the Hughes AH-64A Apache pcroduction programme, and two days later negotiations between the Army and Hughes Helicopters were completed, in respeet of the first production batch o f I I helicopters. This agreement provided for delivery of the first production aircraft in February 1984, and wo uld be followed by a second-year buy (in FY83) of48 Apaches. However, FY83 fund ing is the subject, as we go to press, of a d ifference between the House of Representatives and Senate A rmed Services Commi ttees, the former approvi ng the full S918m (£S IOm) appropriallon and the latter cutting this back to S73m (£40·5m). The serious increase in projected production costs is at the root o f the Senate's objection (see this colum n/January 1982). Meanwhile, AH-64A development has been proceeding, a nd in late January the fi rst Hight was made with General Electric nooGE-701 engines in place of the -700s used previously. As a lead-in to development and productio n of the Sikorsky HH-60D Night Hawk com bat rescue helicopter (this column last month), the USAF is purchasing I I UH.60Ds with interim capabilities. The fu lly-developed HH-6OD, fo r which the Air Force is still writing its fina l requirement, will carry Stinger AAMs for selfdefence and will be equipped with terrainfollowi ng rada r, in-Hight refuelling, FU R and INS. Offensive 0·30·in (7.62-mm) Miniguns will be carried on fuselage-side sponsons. The USA F has a requirement for 90 HH -600s. McDonnell Douli;las is now using the designation 0-3300 fo r Its 150-seat transport pcroject, fo llowing te rmi nation o f the MDF- IOO agreement with Fokker. A joint development and production programme with Japan is still viewed favourab ly by the compa ny, but Japanese representatives appear to be unwi lling to make a fi nal deciSIOn between the McDonnell Douglas and Boeing proposals in the present economic climate. The D-3300 at present closely resembles the M DF- IOO in its final fo rm, with aT-tail, an advanced two-man fl ight deck and a twin-aisle layout for 153- 174 passengers. Sikorsky Aircraft has received a $39m (£21·7m) cont ract from the Department of Defense for resea rch and development of the MH-5JE mine-sweeping variant of the C H-53E Super Stallion th ree-engined helicopter. The contract, with increments, will run until June 1985, to cover design and modification of a production model C H-53E into the fu ll mission configu ration of the MH-53E and a 225-hr Hight test programme. A prototype C H-53E is already flying with mine countermeasures equipment fitted. Current Defense Department plan ning calls for eventual production of 57 M H-53Es; funding fo r these is expected to be included in FY84 budget, and first delivery is scheduled for late 1986. The FAA has certificated performance im· provcmeot modifications for three models of the Prall & Whitney JT8D tu rbofan, offering an improvement of more than 5·5 per cent in fue l efficiency. The JT80-15A. - 17A and -17A R now have redesigned or new components that improve engine efficiency and lower exhaust gas temperatures. The first - 17As will be delivered 10 a Boeing 737 for South African Airways and the first -15As will go to Air Canada in a Boeing 727, both for delivery later this year. Re trofi t kits are available fo r existing JT80s, and more than 750 such kits have been ordered so far. for delivery starting in August. Hiller Aviation Inc of Porterville, California, has now resumed production or the fH - IIOO utility helicopter, the design and ma nufacturing rights of which it purchased during 1980 from Fai rchild Industries. The new F H- I 100 is known as the Pegasus and is powered by a de rated Allison 250-C20B turboshaft engine in place o f the -C 18 en$i ne used in the 246 F H100s built by Fairchl1d. Hiller is plannin$ to introd uce new main rotor blades of Wlder chord, and a larger tail rotor, to allow gross weight to increase from 2,750 Ib ( I 247 kg) to 3,500 Ib (1588 kg); max speed also will be improved, from 127 mph (204 km/h) to 145 mph (233 km/h). Boeing has indicated that it is no longer actively considering the 727RE, the proposed conversion programme in which 727-200s wo uld be fi tted with two advanced technology engines such as the Pratt & Whitney PW2037 in place o f the th ree JT80s used at present. The project was initiated largely at the instigation of American Airlines, but Boeing studies concluded that it would cost SI3-15m per aircraft a nd that the purchase o f new aircraft such as the Boeing 757 alabout twice that price was a better option. Meanwhile, America n Airlines has encountered cash-flow problems and has cancelled ilS planned purchase of Boeing 757s. The possibility re mains that another manufacture r will offer a 727/ PW2037 conversion programme, if there seems to be sufficient airline inte rest; Lockheed has been studying such a programme and may make a decision within the next six months. Quickie Aircraft Corp has adopted the name f ree Enterprise for the aircraft it has built for an a ttempted no n-stop round-thc!-,,·orld Hight (this column last mont h). Previously known as the Big Bird, the prototype made a six-minute fi rst fligh t at Mojave, Calfo rnia, du ring March. Meanwhile, Ruta n Aircraft Factory, which is also developing an ai rcraft fo r a simila r rou nd- the-world Hight, has recently completed and test-flown another unconventional prototype known as the G rizzly and intended for research iDlo canard and tandemwing configurations. A four-seater powered by a 180 hp Lycoming 10-36O- B engine, the Grizzly is at present flying with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage but will be tested later with amphi bious floats. Under agreement with Resorts International, Grumman is to put in hand a further batch of seven G· 1I 1 civil con,'ersions of the H U-16 Albatross. These will follow the firs t six, of which three have been delivered so far, includi ng two to Reso rts subsidiary Chalks Interna tional flying from Rorida to the Bahamas. C IVIL AFFAIRS JAPAN Japan Air Li nes is introducing Boeing 747s in place of DC-8 Super 62s on its trans-Siberian sen 'ices linking Tokyo with London, Paris and Frank furt. The substitution, effective in April on the London and Paris routes and in July for the Frankfurt service, means that Boeing 747s are now serving Moscow regularly for the first time. PAG E 265 NEW ZEALAND Air New Zealand has announced that it will Inaugurate its new through-service between Aucklud and London on 25 August, with the first service in the return direction kaving London on 26 August. Stops will be made at Los Angeles and Papeete. Tahiti. in each direction and the end-to-end journey time will be 28t hu. by RB.21 1-cngined Boeing 747. There will be two services a week initially. UN ITED KINGDOM The Lockheed L-IO II TriStar has obtained CAA appro"a l ror zert}--zero landings at suitably-equipped airports - the first commercial airliner to be so approved. British Airways has elected to operate Its TriStars only down to 250-ft (75-m) horizontal visibility limits. however, because or ground equipment limitations. Bryan Aylatlon has been granted a worldwide Air Opera.or's Certilkate (AOC). allowing this new compa ny to begin flying at the end of March wit h two HS. 125 biz.jets. Based at London Heathrow, Bryan Aviation is olTering single and contract charter and air taxi fligh ts ror businessmen. The HS.125s comprise an eight-passenger Srs 700 and a IO-passenger Srs 600. each operated with a two-man crew and a hostess. 10fle.a International. based at Manston. Kent, and specialising in cargo charter flights. went into reaifership during April. The nssociated company Invicta Aircraft Engineering waS the subject or negotiations as this issue went to press. An international auction or used light aircraft and helicopters. spares and accessories is to be held at Staplerord Tawney Airfield. near Abridge. Essex, o n 18 July. The event is intended to provide an opportunity ror the sale and purchase of all types or aireraft. including vintage specimens and "warbi rds". It is organised by the Alan Goldsmith Organisation (Tcl 0279-8 13237); viewi ng day will be o n 17 July. Air Ecos.w introduced at the end of March a scheduled " bus-stop" type of air service that it calls the Hop Scotch. Initially operating only o n Tuesdays and Thursdays. a Twin OUer connects at Liverpool with the early-morning British Midland flight from Heathrow, and nies to Blackpool. Barrow·in-Fumess. Carlisle. Glasgow and Aberdeen. returning in the afternoon to connect with the evening flight to Heathrow. Connections are made at Aberdt."C:n with flight s to the North and Scandinavia. C:lsair Aviation Services (a mcmber or the William Press Group) has been granted licences by the CAA to operate sched uled 5eniC"fS rrom Teessick Airport to Gatwid:. Isle or Man and Guernsey. A Shorts 330 has been acquired and the Gatwick service began at the end of last month (May). at a twice daily rrequeney. Monday to Friday. The Isle orMan and Guernsey services will be flown one a day, Suturdays and Sundays. rrom June to September. Air UK has expanded its Commuter Sen-ices the operating name ror its Bandeirante routes - with the introduction of summer schedules at the end of March. There arc now 32 return fli ghts a week from Southend to serve Rotterdam and Ostend. in some cases replacing Heralds. and Commuter Services have also been introduced at LecdsfBradrord to fly a twice-daily service to Edinburgh and once a day to Amsterdam. USA Ransome Ainu)"s, which has recently confirmed an order for sill. Aerospatiale/Aeritalia PAGE 266 ATR42s (see CMI Contracts and Sales) has withdra,,'n from the Allegheny Commuter system. or which it has been a member ror 12 years. and has affiliated with Delta Air Lines. The Allegheny Commuter system was set up by Allegheny Airlines (now USAir) primarily to feed traffic to its own services, and Ransome was the largest of the commuter companies in the network. Airspur put inlo service late in March the first or the 10 IAI AraYas that it ordered last year and which it calls Cargo Comm uterliners in the US market . Furnished to carry 19 passengers. the Aravas operate up to five services a day between Los An$c\es and San Diego. With delivery ormore aircraft. services to Las Vegas were to begin. and the aircraft are converted to fly cargo on these two routes by night . Details of the ptan to merge Contineotal Air Lines with Texas International Airlines have now been published. sill. months after the latter company acq uired a 51 per cent sta ke in the much larger but financially ailing Continental. The merger proposal. which values the outstanding shares at $5-6 compared with $ 1314 paid by Texas ror the original acquisitions. requires approval rrom 80 per cent or the remaining shareholders. It will res ult in a coordination of the two companies' operations and synchronisation of schedules so that services feed traffic to each other. with improved connections at the major operating centres or Houston and Denver. C IVIL CONTRACTS AND SALES Aerospatiale/Aeritalia ATR 42: Command Airways or New York has confirmed earlier options on three ATR 425 (this columnl January) and has taken options on two more. Ransome Airlines of Philadelphia ordered sill. ATR 425, fordelivery rrom November 1985 onwards. They will replace Nord 262s in the Ransome fleet . o Airbus A300: Eastern Airlines has dererred acceptance by one year or two A300s (rrom September 1983 to September 1984) to avoid overcapacity as 13 Boeing 757s also enter service. 0 Air India is to re<:eive three A300s originally intended for Laker Airways; they would have been Nos 4-6 in the Laker order ror 10. Airbus A310: The Brazilian airline VASP is repo rted to be awaiting government approval to confirm an order for nine A310s. ror delivery rrom July 1984. Pratt & Whitney announced that VASP has already selected the 48,000 Ib st (21 773 kgp) JT9D-7R4Dl engine to power its A31Os. HAC One De"en: British Caledonian is leasing, rrom the receiver ror Laker Airways. four OneEleven 300s for a period orrour yC'drs. Boeing 707: Charlotte Aircraft Corp acquired rrom Air Fnance 14 Boeing 707-320s, including three rreighters and five combis. 0 Denverbased Charter Airlines bought one 707-123B rrom Tiger Aircraft. Boeing 727: Orion Air, the operatin~ arm or Uni ted Parcel Service, has acquired eight 727100QCs rrom TWA. adding to seven similar aircraft ex-Braniff already in use. 0 Air Djibouti leased one -100 rrom Hapag- L1oyd Aug pending delivery of a -IOOQC. Boeing 737: Air Malta ordered three 737-200s. with JT8D-1 5A engines. ror March/April1983 delivery. They will be Air Malta's first new airliners purchased from Boeing; the present fleet includes three leased 737s and rour Boeing 720Bs acquired second-hand. 0 TAP Air AIR INTERNATIONAL/ JUNE 1982 Portugal is to acquire seven 737-200s. with JT8D-17A engines. rrom May 1983 onwards. The order announced o n 31 March brings the 737 sales to tal to 1.000 and A.ir POrtugal is the l09th customer for the type (disregarding second-hand deals). 0 For the summer season. Britannia Airways has wet-leased two 737s from Transavia, and dry-leased two from Quebecair and one from Eagle Air. 0 During February. TEA . Eagle Air and ILFCcancelled previous orders ror one 737 each. 0 The fiTSt overseas order ror the 737-300 comes rrom VASP. subject to Brazilian government approval. and is for two aircraft . Boeing 747: Air France ordered o ne additional 747 Combi during March. Ikwing 757: Costa Rican airline LACSA ordered two 757-200s. ror February and November 1985 delivery. They will have 204seat all-tourist accommodation and RB.2 11535E4 engines. British Aerospace HS.748: British Airways is leasing one 748 demonstrator rrom BAe Manchester Division. and three rrom Dan Air (correcting inrormation in this column/!ast month). Oomier 228: One Dornier 228-200 has been ordered by the Himalayan Kingdom or Bhutan. for use by a new regional airline. Deli very will be made in February 1983. with an option on a second for November. 0 Zimex of Switzerland ordered one 228 ror operation in the Middle East and Arrica. Fokker F27: Finnair is buying one F27 from lcelandair. and has arranged ror the latter to maintain it and t.....o others in the Finnair fleet. Air North is acquiring three F27s for use on regional services out of Burlington, Vermont, starting on 25 April. o Lockheed ...... 1011 TriStar: Air Canada has cancelled options on sill. L-IOJ I-SOl). 0 Pan America n has cancelled ils remai ning options on 14 TriStars. 0 TWA d ropped its final option on nine TriStars. McDonnell Douglas DC-8: United Parcel Service has leased two Srs 63Fs rrom Transamerican Airlines and two from Evergreen International. rorits nationwide small package delivery service. Mcl'>ona£lI Douglas OC-9: Aero Lloyd in Germany acquired three Srs 325 from Garuda Indonesian. Sttorts 330: Eastern Airways or Humberside has acquired its second 330. purchased rrom Time Air in Canada and fl own back to the USA (with the helpofa long-range tank in the ruselage). 0 Casair has acquired one Shorts 330 ror its newly-approved services rromTcesside. Sborts Sk)"vao: One Skyvan has been acquired by the Government of Ciskei, and will be operated on its behalrby Border Air Charter or East London. It is provided with quick-<:hange kits for five different roles. ranging rrom eightseat VIP th rough 21-passcnger to all-rreight configurat ions. M ILITA RY CONTRACI'S Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk: US Anny has placed its first multi-year contract with Sikorsky Aircraft to cover the next three years' production or the UH-60A Black Hawk. Valued at S950m (£543m). the contract covers 294 UH-60As, to rollow 342 previously ordered. and is the largest in the company's history. THE BEECHCRAFT C99 COMMUTER. BUILT TOUGH FOR THE LONG HAUL AND PROFITABLE FOR THE SHORT. In a world of rising costs and heightened competition, you've got to work harder than ever to make it in the short haul airline business. And so does your equipment. You need an airliner you can count on to stay in the air and out of the shop; to keep .your passengers comfortable, your operating costs under control, and your balance sheet in the black. In other words, you need the Beechcraft C99 Commuter and everything it represents: PERFORMANCE. With its 248 knot cruise speed, the egg is the fastest aircraft in its class. Yet, it's also one of the most fuel-efficient. Carrying 15 passengers, their luggage, and a crew of two , the egg can cover a route 01 839 kilometers without refueling, making four stops enroute and arriving at its final destination with reserves . That's the kind of performance any commuter operator can appreciate. And profit from . With the new jetprop egg Commuter. REUA8lUTY. Buifding on the decade-fong record of reliability established by its forerunner, the legendary Beech 99, the new egg Commuter is designed to be even more dep endable. That's why it's been given a new hydraulically actuated landing gear sys- tern, a 20,()()() hour main wing spar, a state-of-the-art electrical system, and many other engineering improvements. That's also why Beech has adopted the new "modular concept" Pratt & Whitney PT6A-36 engines to help cut downtime, simplify maintenance, and reduce overhaul reserve costs by as much as one third . Specifically designed for commuter operations, these 715 shp engines allow separate gas generator and power section modules to be interchanged with those of other matching engines-thus effectively doubling the usefulnesss of standby engine components. Of course, the real test of any airliner is how many passengers line up to get aboard. And with the Beechcraft C99, you're virtually assured a loyal following. THE BE"ECHCRAFT C99 COMMUTER Max. ta1_ .. ,..-_ .. _--,...... __ . . . . . . _n>.__ . . --..... _ ,.. _. _ ___--- -_ ---. .....--. . . . _ -n-.----. . _u. 33 IAI) 5T MARTIN 5 COURT LONDON WC2N 4AL PHONE: 01 8365376 or 6728 _. . _._a.. _ _ I_ . --_ __ n__ . . _ . __ -_ . _, . ..-". . _c-._ .. .... --_. ._ ......-_'_·0 . . . . __ ,__ _. . _ 0.. .._. _a.a... _. ..,-_ _ _ _, . ...-._a . .. .___ . . . . __....... ·. _ _ ,lIIl ft1o. _ ~ ... , _ . . . . ... l.....-1t'a·' ... .. ".u a ·. ........ _ I > -.a,· .. .....n... _ _.- _ a_ _ _ _ ,.. I .lO ro_ =':'~!:::" ;: £I-If c -,_r.o.to7,'f a _ ...... _ _ _ ..... _ _ H"'_"'H~ a _ _ • .• , _ _ ..... «-If __ ............... 1>-.1._""_' _,,,'·11 ". __ __·.IOCAI .... __ _ -., __ _ ...1..·.eo.... _ .... ro.... c,·'oo·_"" _ _ ...... --- _ _ _ __ "-=':-=='~""'''c'e.'.'--- ::_ _ .... _ roHil -.""'_. .__ -.._,._..,..1 a_ a ·. . ...,_ ......-.. , _ . ""._~M_ .."_000. ...-- __ c - _ _ .... . ~.e-.:u.-. .u ,.. _ _ r... . ' . _ ....n.._.... _0-.._, ..... .... ,... ... _ a ... _ .n.._ __ _.._ a ·.. .n.. _ _n.. -"'-_ .... _ _ a ·.. _ _ ,..,,_ a.·.. ___ I n.._ .. _ a... - .... , ....... ' _ _ .... _ __ .... _ _ ....., _ ~.-- - Il0l.'''"'''_ .... .... ,n..I...: ....... no. ..... _ _ _ u ... _ _ .... _ .... , _ _ n-. _ . _ ... _ _ a_ _ ..... .. ..._ IIOy,n.. ....... al·. n..~_r_ ..... _ _ ~ a ... _ 00<10 _ _ " _ ,_ , ~ a... _~ occ.- _ _ .... _ ..... ThooI_ ...... ,.,.".~ a... _ _1 __ ~ .... _ _ _ _ .. e - _ _ _ .... a-"a _ .... ..... vc:. _ 1 · 11 _ _ _ 0 . . n.._eo..c- a ... f«lo_''''' __ ... __.. I·"_._ U·.U'" u-.. no.. _ ----(~ ....,. _ _ (G,OO 011 .... _ _ _ _ _ 0 . .a.. _000 _ _ ....... _ 01 ·.. a • •• lJfI\o_o..oo.o 0" . - - "... _ .Mc,o ... 'I _ _0-.._ 1£1... n.o_ _ a•• ..... .... _ n.o_ _..... _ _ a-.. 1'G_ ~ .·'".._WCA .... _ ...... ..'''''''-'-.MC'O ... ,O _ V_OI(A,..,, _ .. r .... _ _ .... ' _ _~~_ OM n.o_CflOO n.o_ .. aMil 1£1.. .... _o-.._ ... _ ....a_'4 __a £HI VS""._Io ... vs _ _ _ ,tJOo . 0-• ... ,tJOo a ·.. ' .'"._''''' n-.. _ ...... _ _ n ·.. ~""", (o'H _~o.._ o", _14/'<_ "''''' ..·1' _ _-_ 0"~ _ _ ... IJfI\o_ .... ~_ A lA INTERNATIONAL/ JUNE 1982 ~~__lmt:] 0 1t=\:W-----:~?7 {i,lI ~ t~ 'O ./t W BR .20M (late production) ~n _ .... _ n.. .... u-" ""' _ ...... _ _ a .... Tho_ s...... , 0.30 - 5.30. .... ' - ... ' T U