Transcript
MegaVision Workgroup Management System User Guide
NBase-Xyplex 295 Foster Street Littleton, MA 01460
1-800-435-7997 (U.S.A) +978 952-4888 (International)
[email protected] (Internet) 451- 0216B
WARRANTY For repair or warranty information, or if you experience trouble with this equipment, please contact: NBase-Xyplex 295 Foster Street Littleton, MA 01460 Customer Support: 978-952-4700 The software described in this document is subject to change without notice. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by NBase-Xyplex. NBase-Xyplex reserves the right to revise this publication without obligation to provide notification of such revisions. While reasonable precautions have been taken, NBase-Xyplex assumes no responsibility for errors that may appear in this document. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent of NBase-Xyplex. NBase-Xyplex is a registered trademark of NBase-Xyplex. MegaSwitch and MegaVision are trademarks of NBase Communications. Copyright © 1999 by NBase-Xyplex, Inc.
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Quick Start Installing MegaVision on MS-Windows ...........................................................1 Running MegaVision ........................................................................................1 Installing MegaVision on UNIX and HP-OV UNIX.........................................2 Running MegaVision ........................................................................................4 Chapter 2 - Getting Started About the MegaVision Software Package.........................................................5 Installing and Running MegaVision ................................................................6 To Install MegaVision:................................................................................6 To Run MegaVision ....................................................................................6 Logging In.........................................................................................................7 To Login as a Supervisor ............................................................................7 To Login as a User......................................................................................8 Using Passwords...............................................................................................9 To Change Password Settings As A User Or Supervisor.........................10 About the Main Window .................................................................................11 Shortcut Icons...........................................................................................12 Main Window Notes .................................................................................12 Adding Background Images............................................................................13 About the Device Main Window .....................................................................13 Device Main Window Functions...............................................................14 About Control Windows ..................................................................................16 Using Keyboard Shortcuts .......................................................................17 Using Graphic Support...................................................................................17 Speedometers............................................................................................19 Line Graphs ....................................................................................................22 Line Graph Buttons..................................................................................23 Viewing a Counter as a Single Line Graph..............................................24 Complex Line Graphs...............................................................................26 Scaling Graph Lines (Multiply Coefficients)............................................27 Bar Graphs ...............................................................................................30 Tiling Graphic Windows...........................................................................31 About Alarms ..................................................................................................32 Alarm Notifications ..................................................................................32 Alarms Configuration Window.................................................................34 Management Information Base (MIB) Browser.......................................35 Interface Monitoring ................................................................................36 Statistics and Graphs per Interface Window ...........................................38 Statistics and Graphs per Counter Window ............................................40 iii
Interface Utilization Window .................................................................. 42 RMON Support .............................................................................................. 43 RMONGroup 1 (Ethernet Statistics) ....................................................... 43 RMONGroup 2 (History) ......................................................................... 45 RMONGroups 3&9 (Alarms and Events) ................................................ 48 Other Control Menu Options ......................................................................... 52 Agent Download for N-Hub ..................................................................... 52 Telnet, Terminal, Ping, and FTP............................................................. 52 Chapter 3 - Adding and Deleting Devices Adding a Device ............................................................................................. 53 Device Settings............................................................................................... 57 Modifying Device Settings ....................................................................... 57 Deleting an Interface ............................................................................... 57 Submaps ......................................................................................................... 57 Adding Submaps ...................................................................................... 58 Cutting, Pasting, Dragging, and Dropping ............................................. 60 Using the Open Map Window (Standalone Version Only)...................... 60 Deleting Devices............................................................................................. 61 Links............................................................................................................... 61 General Device Information: Device Identify Window.................................. 63 Autodiscovery................................................................................................. 64 Generic Devices.............................................................................................. 65 Interfaces Table Window ............................................................................... 67 Alias Manager ................................................................................................ 69 Chapter 4 - MegaSwitch Family Management System Management...................................................................................... 71 System Information........................................................................................ 73 General System Information ................................................................... 74 Viewing Port Statistics ............................................................................ 74 Other System Control Windows .............................................................. 75 Switch Configuration ..................................................................................... 76 IP Configuration ...................................................................................... 76 Out-Of-Band Configuration..................................................................... 77 SNMP Communities ................................................................................ 77 Software Download Parameters .............................................................. 77 Trap Table................................................................................................ 77 Adding, Editing and Removing Manager’s Hosts ................................... 77 Switching Database (Learn Table) ................................................................ 78 Learn Table.............................................................................................. 79 Viewing Selected Learn Table Entries According to Specified Criteria . 81 iv
Adding, Editing and Deleting a Learn Table Entry ................................82 Aging Time ...............................................................................................83 Installing and Using Custom Filters ..............................................................84 Virtual Networking.........................................................................................88 Virtual Broadcast Domains (VBD) ...........................................................88 Security Virtual LANs (SVLAN) ..............................................................89 Configuring Virtual Networks .................................................................89 Virtual Network Connectivity ..................................................................90 Adding and Editing Virtual Networks .....................................................92 Factory Default ...............................................................................................94 Resetting Factory Defaults.......................................................................94 Bridge Spanning Tree.....................................................................................95 Bridge Spanning Tree Statistics ..............................................................96 Management Statistics ...................................................................................98 Control Tools.................................................................................................100 Warm Reset ............................................................................................101 Cold Reset ...............................................................................................101 Ping.........................................................................................................102 Frame Generator ....................................................................................103 Port Mirroring ........................................................................................105 Port Management .........................................................................................107 Selecting a Port.......................................................................................107 Port Information ...........................................................................................109 Opening Port Graphics Windows ...........................................................111 MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs .....................................................................113 Viewing and Changing Port Configuration..................................................113 Port Select...............................................................................................114 Duplex.....................................................................................................114 Flow Control ...........................................................................................114 Changing Port Configurations ...............................................................114 Monitoring Port Performance.......................................................................115 Monitoring Ethernet Performance ...............................................................116 Interpreting the Collisions Histogram ...................................................118 Monitoring Port Spanning Tree ...................................................................118 Monitoring RMON Statistics ........................................................................120 InterSwitched Security Virtual LANs ..........................................................123 ISVLANs List Box ..................................................................................126 Switches List Box ...................................................................................126 MegaSwitch G Specific Management ...........................................................127 MegaSwitch G (SX-218, SX-228 ... ) Specific Screens ............................127 Direct IP Specific Management ....................................................................134 DirectIP Switch (DIP/IPS 228, 234, etc.) Specific Screens ....................134
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Management Configuration....................................................................136 System Configuration .............................................................................138 Ports Configuration ................................................................................141 VLAN Table ............................................................................................143 Edit/Add VLAN .......................................................................................145 Security Table .........................................................................................147 Edit/Add Security Entry .........................................................................149 Test-lPs ...................................................................................................151 Routing Table..........................................................................................152 Filter .......................................................................................................154 IP-Hosts Table ........................................................................................156 Copy (under System: Copy) ....................................................................158 Chapter 5 - NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management System Management.....................................................................................161 Device Descriptions - 10Mbps Hubs .......................................................161 Using MegaVision with 10Mbps Hubs ...................................................164 Stack Configuration................................................................................165 Trap Managers........................................................................................166 Hub Level Configuration ........................................................................167 Port Level Configuration ........................................................................168 Security Intrusion Control............................................................................170 Hub Security Intrusion Control..............................................................170 Port Security Intrusion Control..............................................................171 Gauges...........................................................................................................172 Hub Gauges ............................................................................................174 Port Gauges ............................................................................................176 Graphs...........................................................................................................177 Hub Statistics Graphs (Hubs).................................................................178 Hub Statistics Graphs (Counters) ..........................................................179 Port Statistics Graphs (Ports).................................................................180 Port Statistics Graphs (Counters) ..........................................................181 Downloading New Hub Software..................................................................181 Regular Download ..................................................................................182 Recovery Download.................................................................................184 Chapter 6 - NBase-Xyplex 100 Mbps Hub Management System Management.....................................................................................185 Device Descriptions - 100Mbps Hubs .....................................................185 Using MegaVision with 100Mbps Hubs .................................................187 Stack Configuration Window..................................................................188 Trap Receivers Window ................................................................................191 Hub Configuration Window....................................................................192
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Port Configuration Window....................................................................193 Security Intrusion Control Window .......................................................195 Thresholds (Gauges) Table Window.......................................................198 Downloading New Hub Software ...........................................................200 Appendix A - Running on Other Platforms Using HP OpenView for MS-Windows .........................................................201 Installing MegaVision on an HP OpenView for MS-Windows platform201 Using Castle Rock SNMPc Network Manager for MS Windows .................203 Using Cabletron Spectrum 4.0 for Windows NT ..........................................206 Pre-Installation Notes ............................................................................206 Installing MegaVision ............................................................................207 Running MegaVision ..............................................................................208 Receiving SNMP Traps From MegaVision Devices ...............................209 Troubleshooting ......................................................................................210 Using Novell NMS for MS-Windows ............................................................211 Setting Up...............................................................................................212 Notes for Working with MegaVision on the Novell NMS Platform .......214 Running on UNIX.........................................................................................216 System Requirements.............................................................................216 Installing MegaVision ............................................................................216 Running MegaVision ..............................................................................218 Stand Alone Version of MegaVision .......................................................219 HP OV Version of MegaVision ...............................................................220 Adding Devices .......................................................................................220 Troubleshooting ......................................................................................223 Appendix B - MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs Fast Ethernet Ports ......................................................................................226 100Base-FX Ports ...................................................................................226 100Base-TX Ports ...................................................................................226 Standard Ethernet Ports ..............................................................................227 10Base-T .................................................................................................227 10Base-T & 10Base-5..............................................................................227 Administrative Interface ..............................................................................228 MegaSwitch II Ethernet Ports (SX-2012, SX-2015) .....................................228 100Base-TX.............................................................................................228 100Base-FX Ports ...................................................................................229 GigaBit Ports ..........................................................................................229 Administrative Interface ........................................................................229
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Appendix C - Draft Standard for Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges Performance............................................................................................231 Requirements..........................................................................................231 Parameter Values ...................................................................................233 Appendix D - MegaVision for MegaSwitch and MegaHubs Specifications.................................................................................................237 Versatility ...............................................................................................237 Fault Management .................................................................................238 Performance Management......................................................................238 Configuration Management....................................................................238 Security Management.............................................................................238 MegaVision Platform Specifications .............................................................239 MS-Windows ...........................................................................................239 UNIX .......................................................................................................239
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Overview MegaVision Workgroup Management System, NBase-Xyplex SNMP-based Network Management System is a full-featured, multiplatform system providing a powerful set of tools to manage and control the entire NBaseXyplex family of MegaSwitch and MegaStack Ethernet and Fast Ethernet products. It is specifically designed to allow affordable and optimal control of networks containing NBase-Xyplex products. MegaVision helps you to quickly configure the network. It detects network problems, provides device and port control, and offers real-time graphical and statistical displays. Capabilities also include virtual LAN and custom filtering capabilities. Designed for multi-platform network management, MegaVision operates on all major NMS platforms including the following: Standalone MS-Windows (Windows 3.1, Windows for WorkGroups, Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT Client) using any standard Winsockcompatible TCP/IP stack. In this configuration MegaVision provides its own mapping, alarm color-handling and polling capabilities. HP OpenView MS-Windows (version 7.1 or higher) using OpenView mapping and alarm color-handling features. In this configuration, MegaVision integrates with other management components that also run under the same OpenView application. This allows you to manage LAN components from different vendors over the same maps and windows. Uses any IP stack for communication. Castle Rock SNMPc Network Manager (version 4.0 or higher) using SNMPc mapping and alarm color handling features. Novell NetWare Management System (version 2.0 or higher) using its mapping and alarm features. Uses Novell SNMP and TCP/IP for communication. Standalone UNIX version. See Appendix A for system requirements.
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Overview HP-OpenView UNIX version. See Appendix A for system requirements. Features include: •
Multiplatform capabilities
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Full SNMP-based management of all NBase-Xyplex Ethernet and Fast Ethernet switches and hubs
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Ability to monitor any SNMP compliant device
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Powerful, user friendly GUI
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In-band and/or out-of-band via SLIP RS-232
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Multiple devices can be monitored and controlled simultaneously.
MegaVision is designed with the network manager in mind. By using builtin tools for monitoring up-to-the minute information and statistics, and reconfiguring the system as network requirements grow and evolve, you can maintain a network that operates at peak performance—maximum throughput, network stability, and minimal downtime.
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Chapter 1 Quick Start
This Quick Start procedure is for the experienced user. It is designed to help you get the MegaVision NMS program running in a minimum of time.
Installing MegaVision on MS-Windows 1. Place the MegaVision CD into the CD drive. 2. Run D:\disk1\SETUP.EXE from the Program Manager or File Manager window.
Running MegaVision 1. Choose the MegaVision group. 2. Choose the MegaVision icon. 3. Login as Supervisor with no password. 4. Select Add from the Edit menu. 5. Select a device type from the Devices Types list. 6. Enter a device name and the SNMP Community Names. Use Notepad to enter any other additional information. 7. Enter or modify the IP Address, the Interface type (Ethernet or SLIP), the Polling interval, the Time Out, and the number of retries. 8. Choose OK in the Describe window. The device icon appears in the Main window. If the icon is green, you have connectivity. If connectivity is not established, the icon is red.
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Quick Start 9. Double-click on the device icon. The Device Main window appears. Ports that are grayed-out are inactive. 10. Click on the device name, the NBase logo (in the graphical representation of the device), or the Product Name to enter the System Management subtree. 11. Click on a port to enter the Port Management subtree. 12. The Main window menu or the Device Main window menu provide shortcuts to other windows. If you need more information on any of the previous steps, use the ON LINE HELP or the window-specific HELP.
Installing MegaVision on UNIX and HP-OV UNIX 1. Enter your system as a regular user: log-in: foo Password: bar 2. Create a directory in which you want to place MegaVision: i.e.: mkdir /home/lan/lan4inst 3. Copy the contents of the CD to the newly created directory: i.e.: cd /home/lan/lan4inst cp pcfs/* 4. From this directory, do the following: chmod +x inst* inst1
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Quick Start After the script is finished, run: inst2 These scripts install simulation and standalone versions of MegaVision. 5. If you are going to use HP OV, become a superuser by entering: su root Password
6. Perform one of the following: a) If you have SunOS 4.x/Solaris 1.x, or HP OV NMM 3.3 run: inst31 b) If you have SunOS 5.x/Solaris 2.x, or HP OV NMM 4.1 run: inst32 This script makes links with HP OV system directories (that is why you must be a superuser to perform it). Note that you must have HP OV installed on your workstation in order to do this step. Otherwise, you will be able to run only stand-alone and simulation versions of MegaVision.
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Running MegaVision You can be either a normal user or supervisor to run MegaVision. IMPORTANT Before you run MegaVision you must set the LAN4HOME environment variable value of the directory you placed MegaVision to.: setenv LAN4HOME /home/lan/lan4inst NBase-Xyplex recommends that you put this line in your .cshrc file so that next time it will be done automatically. 1. Run X-Windows before you run MegaVision (i.e., xinit) 2. To run MegaVision, perform one of the following: lan4sm (simulation version) lan4sa (stand-alone version) ovw (HP OV version)
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Chapter 2 Getting Started
This chapter describes the procedures you need to get started installing software, logging in, and using passwords. It also explains the function and basic elements of MegaVision windows, including terms you will encounter throughout this guide. Graphic support—an extremely flexible and versatile set of tools for viewing statistical information—is explained in detail. Also described are how alarms function and a description of the MIBs browser.
About the MegaVision Software Package The MegaVision Workgroup Management System software package consists of the program CD, which includes the software and the documentation. The CD includes one or more of the following: •
MegaVision standalone version for Microsoft Windows.*
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MegaVision for HP OpenView: requires Hewlett Packard Open View, version 7.1 or higher.*
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MegaVision for HPOV NNM, Windows NT
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MegaVision for Castle Rock SNMPc: requires SNMPc version 4.0 or higher.
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MegaVision for Cabletron SPECTRUM 4.0 version 1 and higher, Windows NT 3.51
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MegaVision for Novell NMS: requires Novell NMS, version 2.0 or higher. Uses Novell NMS TCP/IP services.
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MegaVision UNIX: Standalone and HP OpenView versions.
See Appendix A for system requirements. * Requires TCP/IP (Winsock) services if you work with MS Windows 3.1 or Windows for WorkGroups. Windows 95 and Windows NT have built-in TCP/IP services.
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Getting Started The package also includes: •
MegaVision Workgroup Management System User Guide
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Registration card
Installing and Running MegaVision MegaVision, NBase-Xyplex’s SNMP-based WorkGroup Management System (NMS), runs on all major platforms including Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, Castle Rock SNMPc, Novell NMS, HP OpenView for Windows, and HP OpenView for UNIX. Following are brief instructions for installing a standalone version of MegaVision running under Windows. Refer to Appendix A for installation on other platforms.
To Install MegaVision 1. Place the MegaVision CD in the CD drive. 2. From Windows, run D:\disk1\ SETUP.EXE.
To Run MegaVision 1. Choose the MegaVision group window. 2. Choose the MegaVision icon.
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Logging In When you start MegaVision, you can log in as user or supervisor. As a user, you can view network configuration and device status, but you cannot make any changes in the network. As a supervisor, you can view network configuration and device status, and change configurations and parameters of network devices. If you are operating multiple NMS managers in a network, it is recommended that only one manager have supervisor privileges to avoid conflicts between network changes made from multiple NMS supervisor consoles. However, there is no automatic limitation for this configuration. Login modes are selected in the Login window when you load the application.
To Login as a Supervisor The following directions describe how to log in the first time you enter MegaVision. After this initial login procedure, you can set up passwords for USER or SUPERVISOR modes, or set up the Password window to bypass the Login window. At this point the Login window should already be on the screen. If so, proceed to step 2. 1. Select Login from the Options menu. The Login window appears. 2. In the Login window, choose SUPERVISOR to enter the system in SUPERVISOR mode.
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Figure 1. Login Window 3. Choose OK. If you choose Cancel, MegaVision software is not loaded. MegaVision allows the network manager to switch between SUPERVISOR and USER modes while the program is running. To change modes, select Login from the Options menu, change modes, then choose OK. If you choose Cancel, the Login window closes and no changes are made. You can bypass the startup Login window and start MegaVision without operator intervention, in either USER or SUPERVISOR mode by setting up the Password window as described in the “Using Passwords” section in this chapter.
To Login as a User The following directions describe how to login for the first time you enter MegaVision as USER. After this initial login procedure, you can set up a new password for USER mode, or set up the Password window to bypass the Login window. At this point the Login window should already be on the screen. If so, proceed to step 2. 1. Select Login from the Options menu. 8
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Getting Started The Login window opens. 2. Choose USER to enter the system in USER mode. 3. Type the default password in the Enter Password field. (Default is USER.) 4. Choose OK. If you choose Cancel, MegaVision software is not loaded. You can bypass the startup Login window and start MegaVision without operator intervention, in either USER or SUPERVISOR mode by setting up the Password window as described in the “Using Passwords” section in this chapter.
Using Passwords In its default configuration, MegaVision requires a password to login. You can also set up the Password window to start the program without a password.
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To Change Password Settings As A User Or Supervisor 1. From the Options menu, choose Password. The Password dialog box opens.
Figure 2. Password Window 2. Enter your correct Old password. NOTE: If you are logging in as a supervisor for the first time, press Tab in the Old Password field. If you are logging in as a user, enter the default password (default is USER). 3. Enter your new password in the New password field. 4. Enter your new password in the Verify Password field for confirmation. 5. To bypass the Login window at startup, uncheck the Password Required check box. 6. Choose OK to accept the changes and exit the Password window. Choose Cancel to close the window without performing any changes. 10
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About the Main Window The MegaVision main window is the major gateway to all monitoring and control functions of devices on your network. The main window contains the map - the graphical representation of your network. Each device that has been correctly added to the map appears as an icon with its device name. Double-clicking an icon opens the Device main window, which presents a graphical depiction of the device’s front panel. (See “About the Device Main Window” in this chapter.) Choosing an icon makes that device the “current device”. Additional commands are available through cascading menus of the menu bar, or by using the shortcut icons under the menu items.
Figure 3. Main Window
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Shortcut Icons Twelve shortcut icons appear under the menu bar. From left to right, their functions are: 1. Add a device. 2. Delete the current device. 3. Add a link. 4. Delete the current link. 5. Copy the selected item. 6. Cut (remove) the selected device from the map. 7. Open the Describe window for the selected item. You can also copy and paste to jump to that window. 8. Open the SNMP Device Identify window for the selected device. 9. Open the ARP Table for the selected device. 10. Open the Alias Manager window for the selected device. 11. Open the Alarm Log window. 12. Open MegaVision’s help file. Refer to the relevant sections of this manual for more information on these functions. NOTE: If you leave the pointer over an icon, its function appears in a highlighted box.
Main Window Notes
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Generic device types allow you to manage any SNMP compliant device - see “Generic Devices” in Chapter 3 for more information.
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Current devices are highlighted and tiled.
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As a shortcut, you can right-click on a device to open a Describe window.
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If a device is colored grey, MegaVision does not have any information about it (it is currently being polled). Devices are grey immediately after MegaVision is loaded, or just after you have added it to the map. After the device has been polled, one of the color states is assigned to it. 0216
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Adding Background Images You may add a background image to the main map by selecting Select Background Image from the Map menu item. Some bitmaps are included with MegaVision, or you may specify your own bitmap (only the .bmp format is supported).
Figure 4. Set Background Image •
If you have a background, but no longer want it, select the Set No Image radio button.
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To select a background image, select the Set Image Bmp button, then click Select BMP File. MegaVision prompts you for a .bmp file.
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Click on Close to save changes.
About the Device Main Window Each device on the network has a main window that displays the front panel of the selected device. From this panel you can quickly monitor the device’s operations in real time. LEDs on the port image buttons indicate activity, collisions, and flow control for each port on the device. In addition to monitoring information, the Device main window provides you with access to sets of control windows that contain additional statistics about port performance, communication links and the system in general. These sub-windows also allow you to control and change parameters of the device.
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Getting Started In this manual the front panel of the SX-2007 MegaSwitch 100 is used as an example. If you have other models of Xyplex switches installed on your network, the front panel display will vary. (See “MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs” in Chapter 5, Port Management.)
Figure 5. Device Main Window
Device Main Window Functions Images provide the following information. You can access further information for items 2–5 by choosing the image. 1. Ethernet communication Indicates whether there is communication with the device. Red - no current communication Blue - current communication 2. High-speed port image (port 1) If you have a high speed interface, such as another TX port, or a Fiber port, it will appear here. Click on this image to open the Port Information window. 3. High-speed port image (port 2) See number two above. 14
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Getting Started 4. Device model Opens System Information window. 5. Port image (ports 3–7) Opens Port Information for ports 3–7. Ports 3, 5, and 6 have link and are highlighted green. 6. Administrative/SLIP interface You use the RS-232 interface to connect to a terminal for initial setup of SNMP agent software or for non-graphical, command-line style control and management of the switch. You can also configure the RS-232 interface as a direct SLIP connection to the Network Management System (NMS) for standard out-of-band management. You may also click on the RS-232 interface icon on the switch image to open a telnet session to the device, if you have a telnet program installed on your system.
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About Control Windows Control windows allow the network manager to perform remote control operations on devices and to change device parameters. Although control windows come in a variety of layouts and perform different functions, most have a common set of features as can be seen in the following Port Configuration window.
Figure 6. Control Window
OK Sends changes, if any, to the device and closes the window. If there is a problem with accepting changes, an error message occurs and/or the window does not close.
Cancel Closes the window without sending changes to the device.
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Close Closes the window without sending changes to the device.
Help Provides a description of items specific to the active window.
Using Keyboard Shortcuts When you see a command with a letter underlined, you can use a keyboard shortcut instead of the mouse to select the item. Press the alt key and the underlined letter.
Using Graphic Support You can graphically view counter data as speedometer, line, or bar graphs. These alternate views of data make it easier to analyze and compare statistics at a glance. A tiling option allows you to neatly line up several graphic windows on the screen. Statistics in any window that contains the Graphics image can be viewed as a graph. Choose Ports or Cnts and the information displays in a window with graph support.
Figure 7. Graphics Image
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Getting Started Figure 8 is an example of a window with graph support. Whenever you encounter a window with graphic support elements, counter data can be viewed as a speedometer or line graph.
Figure 8. Graphic Support Elements in a Window Port Numbers The number of the highlighted port. Counter Categories The type of counter associated with the port. Counter Values The total current value for that counter. Multiply Coefficients (scaling) The number of coefficients. Spdm, Line or Bar The graph type available for this counter. Line Graph Options Choose from new window or new lines. 18
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Speedometers This type of display shows the instantaneous value of a selected counter in a speedometer-like window. The window contains a moving indicator, the counter category, and the current value. This view is most helpful during situations such as excessive collisions, where you need to adjust system parameters to improve traffic flow. Click on the Spdm button next to a counter to open a Speedometer.
Figure 9. Speedometer
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Options Opens the Speedometer Options dialog box. These options allow you to reconfigure the speedometer. The band between the Critical value and the Max value changes to red on the speedometer. Click on the Optn button in the lower right-hand corner of the Speedometer.
Figure 10. Speedometer Options
Viewing a Counter as a Speedometer You can view this information from a Ports Graphs window or a Counters Graphs window as illustrated by the following two identical speedometers. Note window titles indicating whether the graph was obtained on a per-port or per-counter basis. •
Choose the Spdm button across from a counter. A speedometer for the selected counter displays.
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Figure 11. Per Port Speedometer
Figure 12. Per Counter Speedometer
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Line Graphs The line graph feature provides a wide variety of options for monitoring and comparing data. In its simplest form, one graph for each counter is displayed in separate windows showing current activity. When you open a line graph window, the selected counter’s activity is dynamically recorded in one polling interval increments on the graph. Line graphs are especially useful for highlighting trends. Figure 13 illustrates the Filtered Packets activity for port 7.
Figure 13. Line Graph
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Line Graph Buttons Buttons located below the graph allow you to obtain further information and provide options for additional window configuration.
Stop Halts recording of statistics on a graph. To resume drawing, choose the button again.
Help Provides a brief description of graphics support features.
Options Opens the Graph Options dialog box. These options allow you to reconfigure the main GRP window.
Figure 14. Graph Options Dialog
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Getting Started Polling Interval Changes the value for the GRP main window and its parent. Min Y, Max Y, Min t, Max t Changes the scaling ranges for the Y axis and X(t) axis. If you check Automatic Change of Ranges, changes are made automatically. NOTES: For graphs where the X axis indicates time, always check the X check box. Sometimes it is better to turn off the Y check box, especially when graphs have peaks. Show in the graph Change these values to correspond to the type of statistic a graph contains. For example, Absolute Value (number of packets), Relative to X (packets/second), Value in percents (same function as Absolute Value, but data ranges from 0 to 100%)
Legend Opens a sub-window that displays the current statistics: category, time elapsed, and value. Category names and port numbers are color coded corresponding to lines on the graph.
Grid Adds a grid to the graph. To delete the grid, click on the button again.
Viewing a Counter as a Single Line Graph You can view this information from a Ports Graphs window or a Counters Graphs window as illustrated by the two identical graphs in step 3. Note window titles indicating whether the graph was obtained on a per-port or per-counter basis. 1. Click the Line check box for the counter you wish to view. A line graph for the counter displays. 24
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Getting Started 2. To view a counter in another window, choose New windows in the Add Graphs As section. 3. Decide on a counter you wish to view, then click the Line check box for that counter. A line graph for the counter displays in a new window.
Figure 15. Per Port Graph
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Figure 16. Per Counter Graph NOTE: Grids have been added to these graphs.
Complex Line Graphs For more sophisticated analysis and comparison, multiple line graphs—up to 16 linear graphs— can be included in a single window. You can view statistics in many configurations: •
same counter for different ports
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different counters for a single port
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different counters for different ports
Figure 17 illustrates the number of good frames received for ports 1 and 2. On screen, each line displays as a different color.
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Figure 17. Multiple Line Graphs
Scaling Graph Lines (Multiply Coefficients) For some statistic-to-graph conversions, you will need to use the multiply coefficients function to properly scale graph lines, especially when you use two counter categories, where values might have large differences. By entering a multiply coefficient for a counter, its current graph value is multiplied by the coefficient. This allows you to view several counters that have different dimensions in one graph window, for example, Received Bytes and Transmitted Packets.
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Getting Started
Viewing the Counter Values of Different Ports for the Same Counter Category as a Line Graph You must be in a Counters Graphs window to view this type of graph. This example displays line graphs for Receive Packets on ports 1 and 2. 1. Click on the New lines check box in the Add Graphic As section. 2. Click on the Lines check box across from a counter you wish to view. A line graph for the counter displays. 3. Click on the Lines check box for another counter you wish to add to the graph. Another line is added to the graph.
Figure 18. Counter Values 4. Repeat step 3 to add other lines to the graph. NOTE: You will find it useful to open the Legends sub-window when you are viewing multiple lines in a graph. Each counter category is color coded to match the lines in the graph. 28
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Viewing Multiple Lines on a Graph (Different Ports/Different Counter Categories or Same Port/Different Counter Categories) You must be in a Counters Graphs window to view this type of graph. This example displays line graphs for Receive Packets on ports 1 and 2. 1. Click on the New lines check box in the Add Graphic As section. 2. Click on the Line check box for the counter you wish to view. A line graph for the counter displays. 3. Click on the Line check box for another counter you wish to add to the graph. Another line is added to the graph.
Figure 19. Multiple Lines 4. Repeat step 3 to add other lines to the graph. NOTE: You will find it useful to open the Legends sub-window when you are viewing multiple lines in a graph. Each counter category is color coded to match the lines in the graph. 0216
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Getting Started
Bar Graphs In addition to Line and Speedometer Graphs, MegaVision also supports bar graphs. You can display data from any counter with bars, in addition to lines and speedometers. You can add data from a counter to an existing bar graph (default), or generate a new graph. Use bar graphs for comparing the relative amounts of two or more values.
Figure 20. Bar Graph The buttons at the bottom of the window have the same function as those in the line graphs window.
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Getting Started
Tiling Graphic Windows Choose Tile, and graphic windows will automatically and neatly position themselves on the screen.
Figure 21. Tiling Graphic Support Windows
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Getting Started
About Alarms Alarms are activated by status changes in network devices. When MegaVision detects a change in a device, it generates an alarm. A beep is sounded and the alarm is recorded in the Alarm Log, indicating the date and time, the switch in which it occurred, the severity, and a short description of the reason for the alarm. An alarm is also reflected in the device icon—the icon color changes according to the severity of the alarm. Alarms have four severity levels, each represented by a different color: Critical, Warning, Normal, and Informational.
Alarm Notifications In addition to an audible sound notifying you of an alarm condition, the color of a device icon corresponds to the latest alarm with the highest severity. When an event received cancels any previously received alarm, the alarm is removed and the color of the icon is updated to reflect the new status of the device.
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Alarm
Color
Informational
purple
Normal
green or transparent
Warning
yellow
Critical
red
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Getting Started
Viewing the Alarm Messages Choose Alarm Log from the Monitor menu. The Alarm Messages window opens.
Figure 22. Alarm Log Date and Time Date and time the alarm message was received. Device Name The name of the device which generated the alarm. Alarm Severity Severity of the alarm. Reason for Alarm A brief explanation of the alarm. Line # The line number of the selected message. Page Size Sets the number of messages per page.
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Getting Started
Alarms Configuration Window You can change the severity level of any situation that calls for an alarm. You can also choose to record or not record an alarm in the Alarm Log. To configure alarms: 1. From the Options menu, choose Alarms Configuration. The Alarms Configuration window displays. 2. Choose Generic. Generic makes a global change to all devices. 3. Select an alarm description, then make changes in the Log and Severity Level sections. 4. Choose OK.
Figure 23. Alarm Configuration Different colors are assigned based on the severity level of the alarm. • • • • • 34
Red Critical Yellow Warning Purple Informational Green Normal Grey Unknown 0216
Getting Started You can assign different severity levels for device states. A description is added to the Alarms Log if the Log + Yes for that description. NOTE: Alarm severities are not updated on alarms received prior to an alarm configuration. Only alarms received after the configuration will adhere to the new settings. Some NBase-Xyplex devices (100Mbps hubs for example) have specific alarms that you can configure.
Management Information Base (MIB) Browser MegaVision provides an SNMP MIB browser. From the Control menu, select MIB View. You can carry out any SNMP operation on the value of an object from any MIB listed in the MIB files list. Select a device from the Devices list and a MIB from the MIB files list. The MIB Objects list box displays a list of the MIB entries of the current MIB, together with Free Objects entries which contain non-indexed variables. The name and value of the selected MIB Object are displayed in editable text and value boxes. You traverse through the MIB tree by double-clicking on the desired entry.
Figure 24. MIB View Window 0216
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Getting Started
Interface Monitoring MegaVision provides extensive monitoring of your device interfaces, whether they are NBase-Xyplex devices or not. Generic devices are supported through RMON groups 1, 2, 3, and 9. Interface monitoring may be accessed through the Monitor menu item on the main menu bar. The various options will be described below.
Interfaces Table Window Enter this window via Monitor -> Interfaces Table in the main menu bar or by clicking the Interfaces Table button in the Identify Window. The Interfaces Table window displays information about a device’s interfaces. It based on the information from the ifTab (RFC1213 , MIB-II). Any SNMP -compliant device must support Interfaces Table.
Figure 25. Interfaces Table Below is a list of information presented in the Interfaces Table, regardless of the interface type: •
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Interface Number
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Getting Started •
Interface Description A textual string containing information about the interface. This string should include the name of the manufacturer, the product name and the version of the hardware interface.
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Interface Type The type of interface, distinguished according to the physical/link protocol(s) immediately ‘'below' the network layer in the protocol stack.
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Interface Speed An estimate of the interface's current bandwidth in bits per second. For interfaces which do not vary in bandwidth or for those where no accurate estimation can be made, this object should contain the nominal bandwidth.
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MAC Address The interface's address at the protocol layer immediately ‘below’ the network layer in the protocol stack. For interfaces which do not have such an address (e.g., a serial line), this object should contain an octet string of zero length. If the address does not have an alias, then the raw address will be displayed. Otherwise, the current aliased name will be displayed. The user may add/edit aliases via the ARP Add/Edit window, Alias Manager Window, or other windows with the ARP Add/Edit button.
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Operational Status of the Interface (up/down/testing) The current operational state of the interface. The testing state indicates that no operational packets can be passed.
Double click on the desired interface line or the Statistics and Graphs per Interface button to open Interfaces Statistics (per interface) window (described immediately after this section). This action will display information about this particular interface. Press on the Statistics and Graphs per Counter button to open Interfaces Statistics (per counter, described after Interface Statistics window). This action will display information about all the interfaces on this particular device.
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Getting Started The Utilization button brings up a graphical representation of the interfaces, and is described later in this section. Notice that the device “sx165” is selected, so when you select Interfaces Table, information for device “sx-165” is displayed.
Statistics and Graphs per Interface Window This window shows the interface statistics counters for the selected interface. Enter this window via the Statistics and Graphs per Interface button in the Interfaces Table Window. You may set the desired interface numbers via the combo-boxes. The counters are updated in real time, based on the polling interval. You can use the standard Graphics Support for the windows counters. You can select various counters per interface to display graphically via the check boxes. If you want to graph data from another interface, use the Intf# pull down menus to select the desired interface number.
Figure 26. Interfaces Statistics 38
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Getting Started The information is based on the ifTab (RFC1213 , MIB-II). The counters are described there as follows:
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Input Bytes The total number of octets received on the interface, including framing characters.
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Input Unicast Packets The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
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Input Non-Unicast Packets The number of non-unicast (i.e., subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
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Input Discarded Packets The number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet is to free up buffer space.
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Input Error Packets The number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higherlayer protocol.
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Input Unknown Protocol Packets The number of packets received via the interface which were discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.
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Output Bytes The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters.
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Output Unicast Packets The total number of packets that higherlevel protocols requested be transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.
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Output Non-Unicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a non-unicast (i.e., a subnetwork-broadcast or subnetwork-multicast) address, including those that were discarded or not sent. 39
Getting Started •
Output Discarded Packets The number of outbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent their being transmitted. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space.
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Output Error Packets The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors.
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Output Queue Length The length of the output packet queue (in packets).
Statistics and Graphs per Counter Window This window shows the interfaces statistics counters for the selected counter. Enter this window via the Statistics and Graphs per counter button in the Interfaces Table or Identify windows, or through the Main Menu. You may select the desired counter via the check boxes. The counters are updated each polling interval. Chapter 2, “Using Graphic Support” describes the different types of graphical interfaces, and offers support for using graphics. The information presented here is based on the ifTab (RFC1213 , MIB-II) and is described in the Interfaces Statistics (per interface) window.
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Figure 27. Statistics and Graphs per Counter Select which data to graph via the pull-down menu in the upper left. Choose the type of graph to generate via the check boxes.
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Getting Started
Interface Utilization Window You may enter this window from: 1. The Main Menu Bar (under Monitor) 2. The Utilization button in the Interfaces Table window 3. From the menu bar in the main window of certain devices.
Figure 28. Interface Utilization The buttons at the bottom of the graphs have the same function as those in the line graphs window. This window shows the interface’s utilization in percent (right bar graphs) and the interface’s errors per second (left trend graph). The information is based on device Interface Table (ifTable from MIB-II, RFC1213). You can use the standard Graphics Support for this window (described in Chapter 2, “Using Graphics Support”).
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RMON Support RMONGroup 1 (Ethernet Statistics) You can enter this window from: 1. The Main Menu Bar (under Monitor: RMON Group 1 Statistics) 2. From the menu bar in the main window of certain devices.
Figure 29. RMON Group 1
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•
The selected device is displayed in the Device Name field, but you can jump to any device on the map via the pull-down menu.
•
Click the Intfs and Cnts buttons to open the Statistics per Interface and Counters Graphs windows.
•
The Segments Errors/Sec and Utilization % windows are updated every polling interval. 43
Getting Started •
If you have a large number of interfaces, you can delete unwanted interfaces with the Delete button in the Entry Index section.
•
The buttons at the bottom of the graphs have the same function as those in the line graphs window.
This window shows the Control Table in the upper left corner. The table presents control entries for RMON Group 1. Each entry corresponds to one of the device’s interfaces. Usually this table contains entries for all of the interfaces on the monitored device. If this table is empty it may be due to one of the following: •
RMON Group 1 is not supported for this device.
•
RMON Group 1 is supported but there are no control entries.
1. You can create an entry for any interface by clicking on the Create button. The Add RMON Group 1 window opens. You are required to enter the desired interface number. If this operation fails, it may mean that RMON Group 1 is not supported for this device. 2. Click on the Delete button to delete the highlighted Control entry for the selected interface. You may want to do this if there are too many interfaces listed, as this will generate excessive network traffic. Some information presented in this window includes: Segments utilization in percents (right bars graph) and segments errors per second (left trend graph). The information is based on RMON Group 1 (Ethernet Statistics). In order to be presented in the graphs the segment (interface) must have the corresponding Control Entry (see Control Table above, it is usually presented there by default). 3. You may change polling interval by clicking the Optn button on any of the graphs. You may change X and Y axes intervals for Errors graph by clicking the Optn button on the left graph. 4. You can use the standard Graphics Support for this window - see Chapter 2, “Using Graphics Support.” 44
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Getting Started 5. You may view more detailed graphs for all RMON Group 1 Counters by pressing the Intfs button (Statistics per Interface graphs) or Cnts (Statistics per Counter graphs). 6. You may change current monitoring device via the Device Name Combo-Box in the upper right corner.
RMONGroup 2 (History) You can enter this window from: 1. The Main Menu Bar (Monitor: RMON Group 2) 2. From the menu bar in certain device windows.
Figure 30. RMON Group 2
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Getting Started •
By default, two entries are added for each interface: one has a short reporting interval, the other has a longer interval.
•
You can create an entry by clicking the Create button, and delete highlighted entries with the Delete button.
•
The history entries of the selected data source are displayed in the lower part of the window.
History Control Table This table presents control entries for RMON Group 2 (History). Each interface may have several corresponding entries in this table (the default is two entries per interface, with long and short reporting intervals). The table usually contains entries for all the device interfaces, but it may also be empty. If the table is empty, it is due to one of the following reasons: •
RMON Group 2 is not supported on this device.
•
RMON Group 2 is supported but there are no control entries.
1. You may create an entry for any interface by clicking on the Create button. The "Add RMON Group 2 ......" Window opens. You are required to enter some information which describes how to collect statistics for reporting:
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•
Interface Number
•
Owner String Used to identify the entry owner (not required)
•
Number of Buckets The requested number of discrete time intervals over which data will be collected. It is actually the number of samples. Values greater than 50 are not recommended. When the number of buckets reaches its maximum value, the oldest bucket is deleted and a new bucket added.
•
Interval The time period in seconds over which the data is sampled for each bucket. This interval can be set to any number between 1 and 3600 (1 hour). 0216
Getting Started 2. Press OK in the Add RMON Group 2 window. If the Create operation fails, it may mean that RMON Group 2 is not supported on this device. 3. Click on the Delete button to delete the selected control entry.
History Table This table contains History information for one interface. This information corresponds to the currently selected entry in the Control Table (see above). 1. In order to change entry and/or interface, click on the desired entry in the Control Table. After data retrieving, the History Table fills with the corresponding information. Every History Table line corresponds to one sample (bucket) and includes the following information: •
Time The start time of the interval over which the sample was measured.
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Octets The total number of octets received by the interface during the specified interval.
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Packets The total number of packets received by the interface during the specified interval.
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Utilization The interface utilization, in percents.
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Errors The total number of error packets received by the interface during the specified interval.
2. When you select RMONGroup 2 reporting, two Trend Graph Windows open (in addition to the main window) to reflect the History Table Information graphically:
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Interface Errors per interval (right window).
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Interface Utilization per interval in % (left window).
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Getting Started The five graph options buttons are identical to those presented in Figure 29. 3. While in the RMONGroup 2 window, you may jump to any other device without selecting it in the main map via the Device Name box (in the bottom right corner of Figure 30).
RMONGroups 3&9 (Alarms and Events) You can enter this window from: 1. The Main Menu Bar (Monitor: RMONGroups 3:9...) 2. The menu bar in certain device windows.
Figure 31. RMON Groups 3 and 9
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•
Two events have been created in the Alarms Control Table.
•
View the Alarm Log for a highlighted device by clicking on the Log alarm icon. If an alarm is generated, the icon color of the device changes in the device map. 0216
Getting Started •
The Events Table must contain an entry in order to add an alarm in the Alarms Control Table above. These two entries are added by default. If the Events Table is blank, it probably means the device does not support RMON Group 9.
•
You can jump to a different device via the pull-down menu in the lower right corner.
Alarms Control Table The table lists the control entries for RMON Group 3 (Alarms). Every entry contains threshold information, which describes an alarm that should be generated when a pre-set threshold is exceeded. This table may contain entries for several of the device’s interfaces, but may be empty as well (this is the default ). If this table is empty, it is due to one of the following reasons: •
RMON Group 3 is not supported on this device.
•
RMON Group 3 is supported but there are no control threshold entries.
1. You can create a threshold entry for any interface by clicking on the Create button. The Add RMON Group 3 window opens. You are required to enter some information describing the threshold information:
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Interface Number.
•
Reporting Interval In seconds, e.g.: 10 sec or 1 sec.
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What to monitor You can select one of the IfTable (MIB-II) counters, e.g.: InErrors (Input Errors). Please refer to “Interfaces Statistics” (per interface) earlier in this chapter for more information on valid counters.
•
Sample Type Select the method of sampling: Absolute means that the threshold will be applied to the counter’s absolute value. 49
Getting Started Per Interval means that the threshold will be applied to the counter changes during the sampling interval. •
Rising Threshold A single event will be generated after the sampled value exceeds this threshold. The next Rising event alarm will be generated only after the threshold for a Falling Event (see below) has been reached.
•
Falling Threshold A single event will be generated after the sampled value falls below this threshold. The next Falling event will be generated only after the threshold for a Rising Event (see above) has been reached.
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Rising Event Index The Index from the Events Table (see below) which corresponds to Rising Event.
•
Falling Event Index The Index from the Events Table (see below), which corresponds to Falling Event.
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Start Up The start-up alarm, i.e., conditions for an alarm to be sent as a result of the first sample.
2. You may select from: Rising, Falling, or Rising or Falling. •
Owner String String to Identify the entry owner (usually not required).
3. Press OK in the Add RMON Group 3 window. If the Create operation fails, it may mean that RMON Group 3 is not supported for this device. IMPORTANT In order to create an Alarm Control Entry, you must have at least one Event in the Events Table (see below). Without one, you will not be able to enter a Rising Event Index and a Falling Event Index. 4. Click on the Delete button to delete the selected control entry (see Figure 31). 50
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Events Table The Events Table entries contain information for all the events which are "triggered" by current network conditions according to the Alarms Table. If this table is empty it may be due to one of the following reasons: •
RMON Group 9 is not supported on this device.
•
RMON Group 9 is supported but there are no event entries.
1. You can create an event entry by clicking on the Create button. The Add Event (RMON Group 9) window opens. You must enter some information which describes the event: •
Event Type Defines the notification that takes place when the event is triggered. You may select from the following: None, Log, SNMP Trap, Log, and Trap.
•
Event Description
•
Community A value for the trap being sent when the event is triggered. Note that all the traps are reflected in the Alarms Log. You may view the Alarms Log by selecting the Monitor: Alarm Log main menu item.
•
Owner String A string to identify the entry owner (usually not required).
2. Press OK in the Add Event (RMON Group 9) window. If the Create operation fails, it may mean that RMON Group 9 is not supported on this device. 3. Click on the Delete button to delete the selected event entry. Every RMON compatible device keeps information about RMON triggered events. In order to view the information click on the Log button.
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Getting Started You may change current monitoring device via the Device Name ComboBox (refer to Figure 31).
Other Control Menu Options Agent Download for N-Hub Use this command to download new agent software into a hub stack.
Telnet, Terminal, Ping, and FTP These applications are often included with Windows 3.11, Windows 95, and the various flavors of UNIX. If you have these applications, you can access them via the Control Menu. You can also open a telnet session to a switch by clicking on its RS232 port. If you are using Windows 3.1, your winsock stack will often include these applications as well.
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Chapter 3 Adding and Deleting Devices
Before you can manage a device, you must first define the device, provide parameters to establish communication, and select an interface. This chapter describes how to add, modify, and delete a device on a standalone Windows platform. For instructions pertaining to other platforms, see Appendix A and also refer to manuals for the specific platform. Only the SUPERVISOR may add devices and modify their attributes.
Adding a Device After a device is physically installed on the network, MegaVision requires specific parameters to establish communication. You must supply a name and address, specify communication type, enter polling durations, and SNMP community names. 1. Select Add from the Edit menu. The Devices Type window opens.
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Adding and Deleting Devices
Figure 32. Device Add Window Choose GENERIC for any SNMP device. Any Device Type with the “DIP” prefix is a Direct IP device 2. Select a desired device type. A Describe window for the device opens.
Figure 33. Describe Window 54
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Adding and Deleting Devices The Describe window uses the current entry in the Interfaces list as the default. When you add other devices of this type, the default parameters are automatically entered in the Define Interface dialog. This shortcut allows you to enter a new device with a few keystrokes. You can also open the Describe window by right-clicking on a particular device icon. 3. In the Name field, type a name for the device. 4. In the SNMP Community Names section, type a Name for GET and a Name for SET. (The default values are “public” for Get operations and “private” for Set operations.) 5. Use the Notepad field to note details about the device—additional location information or other comments such as support contact. The Interfaces list defines all interfaces available to the device for communication with the network. You enter interface specifications in the Define Interface dialog box. 6. To define a new interface choose Add in the Describe window. You may also modify the existing interface. To do this, select it and press modify or double-click on the interface line. The Define Interface dialog box opens.
Figure 34. Define Interface 0216
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Adding and Deleting Devices 7. In the IP Address field, enter the IP address for the interface of the device. 8. Select an interface from the Interface Type list. Choose Ethernet when this interface is connected to the Ethernet LAN. Choose SLIP when the interface is connected to the serial line. 9. Enter values for Polling Interval, Time-Out, and Number of Retries. CAUTION Set the Polling Interval time with care. Setting it to a high value may cause a slow response to network errors, while setting it to a low value may flood the network with large quantities of management traffic. It is recommended that you use the default value of 10 seconds. 10. Choose OK to add the interface to the Interfaces list. The Describe window displays with the newly defined interface inserted above the highlighted line. The first interface on the list receives the highest priority for establishing communication. If communication cannot be established through that interface, the next interface is tried. 11. Choose OK. The icon representing the new device now appears in the Main window. If communication has been successfully established, the device icon is transparent with its name in blue. If communication has not been established, the device icon is red. After a device has been successfully defined, it is polled at every poll interval to establish communication. The device’s configuration is automatically learned after initial connection is established.
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Adding and Deleting Devices
Device Settings After a device has been added, you can change set-up parameters or delete an interface through the Describe window.
Modifying Device Settings 1. Make any adjustments needed in the available fields (the Name field cannot be changed). 2. To change an interface definition, select it and press Modify or double-click on it. Make any required interface changes in the define Interface window. 3. Choose OK.
Deleting an Interface 1. Select the interface you want to delete, then click on Delete. 2. Choose OK.
Submaps MegaVision allows you to add a submap type to the main map, easing visualization of your network. You can add any device type in a submap, including other submaps. To open a submap, double-click on its icon. The submap from which it was called is automatically added, enabling you to quickly navigate between maps. You can also jump between different submaps by adding a submap and giving it the name of the map you want to jump to. You can also use the Open Map window (Stand-Alone version only).
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Adding and Deleting Devices The following figure shows the Main map with a submap (mis) added to it. You can assign links to a submap.
Figure 35. Main Map with Submap
Adding Submaps 1. Double-click on a submap icon to open the submap. The following figure is the “mis” submap. Each submap besides the main map has the map above it automatically added. For example, the figure shows the “mis” submap with “main” automatically attached to it. When you jump to a submap, its name is displayed in the title bar.
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Adding and Deleting Devices
Figure 36. MIS Submap 2. Choose Add from the Edit menu and select Submap to add this device type. You can also press the Add shortcut button under the main menu. The Submap window opens:
Figure 37. Describe Submap 3. Enter a name in the Name field and some optional, descriptive notes in the Notepad field. 4. Click OK to send the changes to MegaVision. Click Cancel if you do not want to add a submap.
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Adding and Deleting Devices
Cutting, Pasting, Dragging, and Dropping You can cut or copy a device from one map and paste it into another. Its attributes will remain the same. You can also drag a device icon over a submap. MegaVision asks you whether you want to move it to that submap, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 38. Drop Confirmation
Using the Open Map Window (Standalone Version Only) 1. Select Open Map from the Map menu. The Open Map window appears.
Figure 39. Open Map 60
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Adding and Deleting Devices 2. Click New Map to add a submap. If you add a submap this way, it will not have an icon. Select Add from the Edit menu to add a submap with an icon. You can jump to any map via the Open Map button, or by doubleclicking its name. Delete a map by highlighting it and pressing Delete Map.
Deleting Devices You can remove a device from the system in situations that require device repair or replacement, or physical reconfiguration of the system. To delete a device, select the device’s icon in the MegaVision main window, then choose Delete from the Edit menu.
Links To help you visualize your network configuration, you may add links between devices on the main map (see page 11 for another example). Links are added manually. To add a link, select Add Link from the Edit menu item (pictured below). The current link is highlighted (100 in the figure). To rename an existing link, double-click on it. Both of these actions open the Describe Link window. In this window, you can name the link and select its color and width. When selecting a device name you may type its first letter repeatedly to scroll between all device names starting with that letter. To delete a link, highlight it and select Delete Link from the Edit menu item. You can also use the add/delete shortcut icons to add and delete links from the map.
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Adding and Deleting Devices
Figure 40. Add Link You can modify existing links in the Describe Link window. Links may have the same name, but do not use spaces when entering a link. Link names are limited to six characters.
Figure 41. Describe Link
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Adding and Deleting Devices
General Device Information: Device Identify Window The Device Identify window provides you with a quick look at basic information about a device — items such as product type, up time, device location, and contact. To modify general device information 1. Choose Identify from the Monitor menu. The Device Identify window opens.
Figure 42. Device Identify 2. Enter changes, then click OK. Supervisors can change the information in the Device Name, Device Location, and Device Contact fields. Press ARP Table if you want to open the Arp Table window.
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Adding and Deleting Devices
Autodiscovery The Autodiscovery window allows you to easily add network devices without knowing their IP addresses. MegaVision polls each IP address and adds devices with SNMP agents. To start the Autodiscovery process, select Autodiscovery from the Map menu and click Start Discovery after entering the desired options.
Figure 43. Autodiscovery You may choose to Autodiscover either NBase-Xyplex devices, or all SNMP Devices.
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Start IP Address The first IP address that MegaVision will poll.
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End IP Address The last IP address that MegaVision will poll.
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Community Name Enter the community name, if known. Otherwise, use the default value.
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Discovery Type You may choose which type of device to search for: either NBase devices, or any with a SNMP agent. MegaVision will add an unknown device as a “Generic SNMP Device”.
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Current IP Address Displays the IP address currently being polled. 0216
Adding and Deleting Devices •
Start/Stop Discovery Press Stop Discovery to halt.
You can modify the Start and End IP addresses. MegaVision polls each IP address sequentially and updates the Current IP Address field. When a device with a SNMP agent has been found, a Describe Discovered Device window opens. This window is functionally identical to the Describe window on page 54. Clicking Add or Modify opens the Define Interface window (see page 55), where you can adjust the polling interval, time-out value, and retry value. MegaVision autodetects the IP address and the Interface type. Adjust them only if you know that they are or should be different. Generally, the only thing you have to do to successfully add a device is to name the discovered device and press OK. The device is added to the map, and the Autodiscovery process continues. Press Cancel if you do not want to add the discovered device. The Autodiscovery process continues until you press Stop Discovery in the Autodiscovery window, or when the End IP Address is reached.
Generic Devices The Generic Device type allows you to manage any SNMP compliant device. The Generic SNMP Device Identify window opens when you double click on an icon of a generic device. This window is similar to the Device Identify window, but in addition lists the device’s MAC address and primary IP address. MegaVision adds the generic device to the map; you may view its general information by double-clicking on its icon, or by selecting Identify from the Monitor menu. Generic devices may send standard traps and alarms to MegaVision (i.e. when there is no communication between the device and MegaVision).
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Adding and Deleting Devices
Figure 44. SNMP Device Identify The Supervisor can modify the Device Name, Device Location, and Device Contact fields. Valid options are:
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•
ARP Table Press this button to jump to the ARP Table window (described later in this chapter).
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Interfaces Table Press this button to jump to the Interfaces Table window (described later in this section).
•
Statistics and Graphs Press this button to jump to the graphics windows for this device. Please refer to “Using Graphic Support” in Chapter 2 for more information about graphs.
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Interfaces Table Window The Interface Table Window presents information about device interfaces. It is based on the information from the ifTab (RFC1213 , MIB-II). Any SNMP -compliant device must support the parameters listed in the Interfaces Table. Interfaces Table presents the following information for each interface:
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Interface Number
•
Interface Description A textual string containing information about the interface. This string should include the name of the manufacturer, the product name, and the version of the hardware interface
•
Interface Type The type of interface, distinguished according to the physical/link protocol(s) immediately ‘below’ the network layer in the protocol stack.
•
Interface Speed An estimate of the interface's current bandwidth in bits per second. For interfaces which do not vary in bandwidth or for those where no accurate estimation can be made, this object should contain the nominal bandwidth.
•
MAC Address The interface's address at the protocol layer immediately `below' the network layer in the protocol stack. For interfaces which do not have such an address (e.g., a serial line), this object should contain an octet string of zero length. If the address does not have an alias, then the raw address is displayed. Otherwise, the current aliased name is displayed. The user may add/edit aliases via the ARP Add/Edit window, Alias Manager Window, or any other window (such as the Switching Database window) with an embedded alias window.
•
Operational Status of the Interface (up/down/testing) The current operational state of the interface. The testing state indicates that no operational packets can be passed. 67
Adding and Deleting Devices 1. Double-click on the desired interface line or press on Statistics and Graphs per Interface to open the Interfaces Statistics (per interface) window. 2. Click on Statistics and Graphs per Interface to open Interfaces Statistics (per counter). Please refer to the “Using Graphic Support” section in Chapter 2 for more information about MegaVision graphs.
Figure 45. Interfaces Table Window
Figure 46. Interfaces Statistics and Graphs Windows 68
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Alias Manager MegaVision allows you to assign aliases to MAC addresses, easing identification of network devices and stations. Each network device (a workstation, switch, hub, printer, etc.) has its own unique 12 hexadecimal digit MAC-address. The first 6 digits denote the device vendor. The user may assign an alias to any complete MAC address or the 6 digit vendor code. The Alias Manager includes the 6 digit vendor codes for most vendors. Once an Alias is defined, it is active in any alias window in MegaVision. Once an alias is defined, you can type in either the alias or the MAC address, and MegaVision will supply the missing field. If you add just part of a MAC address, MegaVision will append the remaining digits. If there is no alias entry, just the MAC address is displayed. For an example, see the Switching database or Hub Security Intrusion Control windows.
Figure 47. Alias Manager
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Adding and Deleting Devices Note that “Hal” has been typed in the Find field, highlighting the hexadecimal digits assigned to Hal. Double click on an entry to jump to the Edit Alias window (shown below). Delete an entry by highlighting it and pressing Delete Entry.
Figure 48. Edit Alias Entry
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Chapter 4 MegaSwitch Family Management
This chapter covers the operation and management of the MegaSwitch family of devices. The chapter is divided into the following sections: •
Systems Management Describes the tools available for monitoring and configuring the MegaSwitch system parameters.
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Port Management Describes the tools available for monitoring and configuring the MegaSwitch port parameters.
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Interswitched Security Virtual LANs Describes functions unique to Interswitched Security Virtual LANs.
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MegaSwitch G Specific Management Describes functions unique to MegaSwitch G.
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Direct IP Specific Management Describes functions unique to Direct IP.
System Management MegaVision contains a versatile set of tools that assists you in managing the performance, configuration, security, and accounting of a network. Built on a series of multipurpose hierarchical windows, you can monitor and control individual devices, as well as the general system configuration of the network.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Designed for active management, you can obtain up-to-the-minute configuration information and statistics, and load new configuration information. By analyzing performance and interactively reconfiguring the system, you can maintain a network that operates at optimum performance—with maximum throughput, network stability, and minimal downtime. This section describes the following control and monitoring tools:
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General system information
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Switch configuration
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Traffic flow - topology, flow patterns, volume, and bottlenecks
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Statistics for troubleshooting, detecting faults, pinpointing sub-normal performance, and managing costs
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Switching network interfaces
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Network configuration using Security Virtual LANs and Virtual Broadcast Domains
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Testing transmission and network analysis interfacing
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Resetting software, hardware, and factory defaults
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Adding, changing, or deleting manager hosts
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Bridge Spanning Tree parameters and enable/disable controls
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System Information The System Information window provides three important functions: •
Lists general information about a device.
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Opens Port Information Graphics windows allowing you to view statistics as a speedometer or line graph.
•
Functions as the gateway to monitoring and controlling the individual device.
At the backplane window of the switch device, select Switch: Switch Information. The following window opens:
Figure 49. System Information
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General System Information You can take a quick look at the current status of the system and the devices on the network in the System Information window. The following information is listed. •
Device Name Name assigned to device via the Describe window.
•
MAC Address Physical address of the device.
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Revision Revision and version of the SNMP agent software.
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IP Address IP address of the device.
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Community Name Community name for SNMP Get requests. You can change this parameter from the Switch Configuration window.
•
Telnet Session Connected/Disconnected to the administrative Telnet interface.
Telnet Host Administrative Telnet IP Address if Telnet Session is connected. UpTime Time elapsed since last reset cycle. Spanning Tree Enabled/Disabled. You can change this parameter from the Bridge Spanning Tree Parameters window. BootP Disabled/Enabled. This parameter is changed from the Switch Configuration window.
Viewing Port Statistics You can view port information by choosing Ports or Cnts from the Ports Graphics section. For detailed information on these options, see “Using Graphic Support” in Chapter 2, Getting Started and “Opening Ports Graphics Windows” in the next section, Port Management.
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Other System Control Windows From the System Information window, you can open other windows that contain additional information about the network, and tools for managing and reconfiguring the system. The following list describes the function of each button. Switch Configuration Opens the Switch Configuration window. Switching Database Opens the Switching Database window. Factory Default Restores the defaults from the MegaSwitch NVRAM database after a reset. Spanning Tree Opens the Bridge Spanning Tree Parameters window. Management Statistics Opens the Management Statistics window. Control Tools Opens the Control Tools window.
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Switch Configuration The Switch Configuration window contains basic switch configuration parameters that you can modify for your particular network requirements. Click on the Switch Configuration button in the System Information window. The Switch Configuration window appears.
Figure 50. Switch Configuration
IP Configuration This section displays the current information for in-band Ethernet switch connections. You can view and change the following items: IP Address Net Mask Broadcast IP Address Gateway IP Address
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Out-Of-Band Configuration This section displays the current information for SLIP (out-of-band) switch connections. You can view and change the following items: IP Address Net Mask Broadcast IP Address Baud Rate (9600/19200/38400) If in SLIP Mode SLIP Mode (Active/Inactive)
SNMP Communities This section displays the current SNMP security parameters for the switch. Default Community names are “public” and “private” for read and write respectively. You can change the following items: Read Write (It is invisible, but you may enter a new one.)
Software Download Parameters Lists the parameters for downloading new agent software. You can change the following items: TFTP File Name BootP Parameters File Name BootP Enable/Disable
Trap Table Lists the manager hosts for the switch. After the manager’s host IP address is in the table, the switch can send standard SNMP traps to it.
Adding, Editing and Removing Manager’s Hosts As your network requirements change, you may find it necessary to add new manager’s hosts, remove them completely, or modify existing host parameters. Do the following: 1. Select a host from the list (if editing or removing). 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management 2. Choose Add/Edit/Remove Host (or double-click if editing). The Add/Edit/Remove Host dialog box opens. 3. Fill in the appropriate parameters (if adding or editing). 4. Choose OK.
Switching Database (Learn Table) The Switching Database window maintains all information about the contents of a device’s learn table, a complete record of all Ethernet (MAC) addresses. This window also provides access to address filtering tools and network connectivity. To open the Learn Table, select Switch: Switching Database at the Switch backplane window.
Figure 51. Learn Table
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Learn Table Each switch maintains a learn table, a look-up table of MAC addresses relative to destination ports, that tells the device where to send frames. The table is automatically updated. When a frame arrives, its destination address is looked up in the table and either filtered completely or forwarded to the appropriate port(s). If a frame’s destination address is unknown, it is typically “broadcast” to all other ports. The learn table is kept current by checking the source addresses of all received frames and updating the table accordingly. Thus, the learn table “remembers” which station resides on which port. When necessary, the table can be directly manipulated by the network supervisor. A learn table entry consists of four items: MAC address, status, type, and destination port.
MAC Address The MAC Address corresponds to the Ethernet (physical) address for the entry. If the address does not have an alias, the raw address is listed. If the address has an alias, the alias is displayed. You can add/edit addresses and aliases via the Add/Edit Address buttons.
Status Status provides two functions: it indicates the current status of an address and also determines what happens to an address after a reset cycle, or completion of an aging interval (timeout). You can set Status to one of the following options: System Indicates a system entry such as a system address, the broadcast address, or the Spanning Tree group address. Permanent Indicates that the selected entry is currently in use and will remain so after the next reset of the device. This value is legal only for custom filter types of entries. Setting a virtual filter entry to permanent results in Delete On Reset status. 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management Delete On Reset Indicates that the selected entry is currently in use and will remain so until the next reset of the switch. Delete On Timeout Indicates that the selected entry is currently in use and will remain so, until it is aged out.
Type Type indicates the type of filter used to modify an address for forwarding frames received by the device. See the section “Installing and Using Custom Filters” in this chapter for more details on filters. You can set Type to one of the following options: Virtual Filter Indicates that this entry has a virtual filter associated with it. This is the default value for learned entries. Custom Filter Indicates that this entry has a custom filter manually installed through MegaVision.
Dest Port The port that a frame containing an entry MAC address would be forwarded to if it is not overwritten by the SVLAN mechanism. This number is only relevant for virtual filter entries. For custom filter entries this number is zero. In actuality, this is the port that the device with this particular MAC address is physically connected to.
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Viewing Selected Learn Table Entries According to Specified Criteria You view learn table entries by specifying criteria for each category. For example, if you want to view the entire database of addresses, the Filter/Search Crit field would read as follows: Mac Add * Status Type Dest Port *
Any Any
By changing criteria in the fields, the database is quickly filtered allowing you to find the precise information for any category or combination of categories. 1. In the Filter/Search crit. fields, enter the criteria values. NOTE: In the Mac Address field you may enter part of the address or alias followed by an asterisk (*). 2. Choose Read Learn Table Contents (Apply Filtering Criteria). Addresses display corresponding to the selected filtering criteria.
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Adding, Editing and Deleting a Learn Table Entry Adding or Editing an Address 1. Select an address from the Learn Table, double-click on it to perform an edit, or choose Add/Edit Address. The Add/Edit Address window opens.
Figure 52. Add Address 2. Add or edit an address and/or alias. 3. Set the options for Status, Type, and Dest Port. 4. Choose OK.
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Deleting an Address From the Learn Table 1. Select the address you want to delete. 2. Choose Delete Address. The Confirm dialog box opens. 3. Choose OK. After confirmation, the address is deleted.
Aging Time Aging is the length of time an address remains in the database without being refreshed. Because the learn table is kept current by checking the source addresses of all received frames, active addresses are constantly updated or refreshed. Old or inactive entries in the learn table are flushed by an aging mechanism that prevents the table from becoming full and helps assure that there is always room for new addresses. The Aging Time field in the Switching Database window displays the current aging time of the device in seconds. Addresses which are not permanent will be deleted one aging time length after they are learned, unless they are updated with fresh information. Permanent and system addresses are not deleted by the aging process.
Modifying Aging Time 1. Choose Adjust in the Aging Time section of the Switching Database window (Learn Table). The Adjust Aging Time window opens.
Figure 53. Adjust Aging Time Window 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management 2. Enter a valid aging time (10–27525 seconds). 3. Choose OK. If the aging time is valid, the aging time is updated to the new value. If the time is not valid, an error message displays.
Installing and Using Custom Filters You may define a custom filter for every ethernet address in the learn table. A filter is installed for a corresponding ethernet address (alias). Custom filters are based on the source and destination ports. Every port on the switch is connected to a segment. Every segment contains several stations (or devices). When you open the Switching DataBase window, you see all the stations that have been learned by the switch. Every table line presents a station. The station is represented by its MAC address or alias. The last table line parameter is a “Destination port”. This is the port that the station is physically connected to. By default, every station has a “Virtual Filter:” when a packet from any port (the source port) arrives at this station (the package has it’s MAC Address inside) it will be forwarded. So, a “Virtual Filter” does not actually filter packets. When you open the “Edit Address” Window for stations with a “Virtual Filter,” the connectivity matrix has a vertical line corresponding to the station’s destination port. This means that the packet will be always forwarded, regardless of the source port. You may want to filter the packet when it comes from certain ports. You do it by installing a “Custom Filter”. To install a “Custom Filter” for any MAC Address, do the following:
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MegaSwitch Family Management 1. In the Edit Address window, change the Filter Type to Custom. The Destination port is automatically set to 0. You can then modify the connectivity matrix. Change the connectivity matrix according to the desired filter. (Uncheck the appropriate check-boxes) 2. Change the Filter Status. Note that if you set the Filter Status to deleteOnTimeout the address is deleted from the table after an Aging Time interval. It will be relearned, but you will lose your custom filter information. Make sure you set the correct Filter Status when you set Custom Filters. 3. Press OK to send the changes to the device. For example, the following is one possible (and useful) arrangement of filters for a single Ethernet address: Packets from port:
Are forwarded to ports:
3 7,8 4 7 5 7 6 7,8 There must be no other forwarding for the packets with the MAC address. To install the filter, simply double click on the address of interest in the Switching DataBase listbox to bring up the Add/Edit Address Window, and then follow these steps: 1. Set Type to Custom. (The Dest. Port is automatically set to 0). 2. Click on the check-boxes 3-7, 3-8, 4-7, 5-7, 6-7, 6-8 in the matrix. (First coordinate is the Source Port, the second is the Destination Port.) 3. Click OK. This is a useful feature to use with multicast addresses.
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Installing a Custom Filter 1. Select an address from the Learn Table in the Switching Database window. 2. Choose Edit or double-click on the address. The Edit Address window displays.
Figure 54. Edit Address 3. Choose Add if you are installing a new address with a custom filter. The Add Address window opens. 4. Choose Custom in the Type box. Dest Port is automatically set to 0.
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MegaSwitch Family Management 5. Assume that you are going to set up a custom filter with the following configuration: Packets from Source Port
Are Forwarded to Destination Ports
2
6, 7
3
6
4
6
5
6, 7
NOTE: There cannot be any other forwarding for packets with the MAC address listed. To set up the filter, click on check boxes 2-6, 2-7, 3-6, 4-6, 5-6, and 5-7 in the matrix. Make sure that all other boxes are unchecked.
Figure 55. Edit Address After Modifications 6. Choose OK. The changes are now sent to the device. 0216
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Virtual Networking Virtual LANs create secure workgroups, erect firewalls against broadcast storms, use flow control to make better use of the existing network bandwidth, and allow networks to be reconfigured—all without changing cabling or adding equipment. Members of functional teams can work within secure groups; while a virtual LAN still permits access to global network resources such as print and e-mail servers. The MegaSwitch family implements virtual LANs based on a port grouping policy. A port may be shared by several virtual LANs with access to all network resources or traffic multiplexing as defined by the ATM Forum LAN Emulation standards. Two levels of security are implemented by MegaVision: virtual broadcast domains and virtual security LANs. The two implementations fill similar needs of an extended network, with the sole difference being in the type of traffic that is allowed to flow or is blocked. Traffic flow control ensures that traffic flows only across the segments in the group and the stations attached to them. Packets are switched only to the ports within a defined group. Traffic may not flow to a segment that is not attached to a port in the group. NOTE: A custom filter will override this rule. For security and access control, the switch checks that both the source port and the destination port are members of the same virtual LAN group.
Virtual Broadcast Domains (VBD) The domain consists of segments attached to specified ports that are allowed to share broadcast-type traffic. Any other type of traffic passes freely between stations in different Virtual Broadcast Domains.
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Security Virtual LANs (SVLAN) This is a group of segments attached to the specified ports that are allowed to share the traffic. Traffic may not flow to a segment that is not attached to a port in the group.
Configuring Virtual Networks Each MegaSwitch device on the network maintains two virtual LAN tables—SVLAN and VBD. SVLANs and VBDs have similar configuration table windows. The table lists the LANs and the ports connected to that particular network group. An SVLAN/VBD Management window allows you to view and change the table. Open this window by selecting Switch: SVLAN Management at the backplane window, or click on the Security Virtual LANS in the Switching Database (Learn Table). NOTE: Descriptions and directions that follow apply to both SVLANs and VBDs.
Figure 56. LAN Management Window
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Databases Each MegaSwitch retains and updates two separate databases—a running database and a permanent database. You determine which database to view or change by using the following commands in the Which Database? section. Running Displays the currently active database. Changes you make to this database immediately affect the operation of the switch, but changes are not saved for the next reboot. Permanent Displays the database stored in the initialization memory of the device. This database is loaded each time the switch reboots. Changes you make to this database do not affect the current operation, but will affect the next reboot. Make Changes to Both Databases Allows you to configure each database separately (uncheck box) or configure both at the same time (check box), if you want to see the change implemented immediately, and if you want it to be part of the permanent database.
Virtual Network Connectivity An SVLAN/VBD connectivity matrix for each device provides you with an overall view of the logical connections of ports. The matrix depicts the information that can be changed through LAN reconfigurations and port mirroring operations. (See the “Port Mirroring” section in this chapter.) The information in a matrix shows the connection from each source port to each destination port. If the pathway is allowed, the box is blue, otherwise the box is light gray. Since frames cannot be bound for their originating port, the diagonals are grayed out.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Open the LAN Connectivity Matrix by selecting Switch: SVLAN Connectivity at the device backplane window, or click the Connectivity Matrix button in the Security Virtual LAN Management window.
Figure 57. LAN Connectivity Matrix The connectivity matrix in Figure 57 corresponds to the information in Figure 56.
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Adding and Editing Virtual Networks When personnel, functions and groups change, you can add new LANs or modify existing LANs. The following directions apply to SVLANs and VBDs.
Modifying a LAN 1. In a LAN management window, choose a database in the Which Database? section. If you want to change both databases, check the Make Changes to Both Databases box.
Figure 57. Security Virtual LAN Management 2. Select the LAN you wish to modify.
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MegaSwitch Family Management 3. Double-click a LAN in the list, or select a LAN and choose Edit. The Edit LAN dialog box opens.
Figure 58. Edit LAN 4. Make changes to the Ports Connected boxes. 5. Choose OK.
Adding a LAN 1. In a LAN management window, choose a database in the Which Database? section. If you want to change both databases, check the Make Changes to Both Databases box. 2. Choose Add LAN from a LAN management window. The Add LAN window opens. The LAN Number box automatically displays the next sequential LAN number for the device.
Figure 59. Add LAN 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management 3. Check the ports you want included in the LAN. 4. Choose OK.
Deleting a LAN 1. In a LAN management window, choose a database in the Which Database? section. If you want to change both databases, check the Make Changes to Both Databases box. 2. In a LAN management window, select the LAN you wish to delete. 3. Choose Delete LAN from a LAN management window. A Confirm dialog box opens. 4. Choose OK.
Factory Default If, in the course of changing parameters and reconfigurations, you find network performance deteriorating, it is easy to return settings to their original factory default values. Resetting to defaults restores the original NVRAM database after a reset.
Resetting Factory Defaults 1. Choose Factory Default in the System Information window. A confirm dialog box opens.
Figure 60. Factory Default Confirmation 94
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MegaSwitch Family Management 2. Choose OK to restore defaults. 3. To use these values immediately, choose Warm Reset or Cold Reset from the Control Tools window or menu.
Bridge Spanning Tree The Spanning Tree window contains information relevant to the Spanning Tree algorithm from the dot 1 bridge group. The Spanning Tree algorithm creates a single Spanning Tree from any combination of bridging elements. This tree topology compensates automatically for changes in any active path such as additions, removals, or failures of any bridge. It quickly reestablishes a stable active topology with a minimum of network disturbance and communication bandwidth. This is accomplished in a consistent and reproducible manner, which is transparent to ports receiving and transmitting data packets. 1. Select Switch: Spanning Tree at the device backplane window. The Spanning Tree Ports Table appears. 2. Click on the Bridge Spanning Tree Parameters button. The Bridge Spanning Tree Configuration window appears.
Figure 61. Bridge Spanning Tree Configurations 0216
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Bridge Spanning Tree Statistics The Bridge Spanning Tree window presents the following information. The first four items can be changed. There are some relationships between the different parameters. Setting any of the following to a value that does not enforce these relationships will result in a different value default (see ISO/IEC 10038 ANSI/IEEE Standard 802.1D paragraph 4.10 in Appendix C). Bridge Max Age Aging time for all bridges when this bridge is acting as the root. Bridge Priority (hex) Writeable portion of bridge ID. Bridge Forward Delay Length of time a port should wait before changing state when this bridge is the root. Bridge Hello Time Hello Time used by all bridges when this bridge is acting as the root. Root Port Port with the lowest cost path to the root bridge. Destination Root Bridge ID of designated root (in MAC address format). Time Since Topology Number of seconds since last configuration change. Topology Changes Number of configuration changes. Forward Delay Length of time a port should wait to change state. Hello Time Length of time between configuration requests when this bridge is changing root state. Hold Time Length of time between configuration requests by this bridge.
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MegaSwitch Family Management NOTE: All times are in hundredths of a second unless noted, and all values are in decimal unless otherwise stated.
Enabling/Disabling Spanning Tree 1. Check or uncheck the Enable Spanning Tree check box. 2. Choose OK. The System Information window opens. 3. Choose Close in the System Information window. 4. Reset the switch in the Device main window by choosing Warm Reset or Cold Reset from the Control menu. NOTE: After you enable the Spanning Tree algorithm, the switch is closed to all traffic for approximately 45 seconds to a minute, as it sets the port configurations. MegaVision will then come back online. When Spanning Tree is disabled, you cannot change the other values. You must follow the above steps to enable Spanning Tree before editing the writeable variables.
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Management Statistics The Management Statistics window contains information about traffic to and from the system management agent. The information is divided into general information and specific per-port information. Values in both categories are dynamically updated.
Figure 62. Management Statistics The General Information section lists values for the following counters. Received Packets Number of packets received by the SNMP agent through the management port. Received Bytes Number of bytes received by the SNMP agent through the management port. 98
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MegaSwitch Family Management Filtered Packets Number of filtered packets received by the SNMP agent through the management port. Received Broadcasts Number of broadcast packets received by the SNMP agent through the management port. Transmit Packets Number of packets transmitted by the SNMP agent through the management port. This counter indicates the number of packets generated by the management software. A certain packet will be transmitted once, to a single switch port, or multiple times, to multiple switch ports. Transmitted Unicast Number of unicast packets transmitted by the SNMP agent through the management port. Transmitted Multicast Number of multicast packets transmitted by the SNMP agent through the management port. This counter indicates the number of packets generated by the management software. A certain packet will be transmitted once to a single switch port, or multiple times to multiple switch ports Transmitted Broadcast Number of broadcast packets transmitted by the SNMP agent through the management port. This counter indicates the number of packets generated by the management software. A certain packet will be transmitted once to a single switch port, or multiple times to multiple switch ports. The per-port information section lists the number of packets and bytes transmitted by the system management agent to each port of the switch, as well as the number of packets and bytes received by the system management agent from each port.
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Control Tools Control Tools provides a set of tools that allow you to execute special control functions such as: •
Resetting the device (Warm Reset and Cold Reset)
•
Operating the internal ping process (Ping)
•
Operating an internal traffic generator (Frame Generator)
•
Operating the port mirroring capability of the switch (Port Mirroring)
•
Reset statistics CAUTION
These are special operations that should be activated carefully. Incorrect use of reset operations, port mirroring, or ping and traffic generators may alter the network and the switch behavior. Control Tools also provides you with reset and error information about the selected switch. Open them at the Control Tools menu on the device backplane window.
Figure 63. Control Tools 100
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Warm Reset A Warm Reset restarts the switch without executing an internal self-test or an internal software download. However, a warm reset restarts the Spanning Tree algorithm (if enabled), thus disconnecting MegaVision and the device for 45 seconds to 1 minute. Connection is then re-established and the device is again fully manageable.
Warm Resetting the Switch 1. Choose Warm Reset from the Control Tools menu. A Confirm dialog box asks for confirmation to continue the reset process.
Figure 64. Warm Reset Confirmation 2. Choose OK if you want to continue or Cancel to cancel the reset.
Cold Reset A Cold Reset restarts the switch and also executes an internal self-test and an internal software download. After the cold reset, the switch will start as if it has executed a power-on cycle. If the Spanning Tree algorithm is enabled, the connection between MegaVision and the device will be lost for 45 seconds to 1 minute. Connection is then re-established and the device will again be fully manageable.
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Cold Resetting the System 1. Choose Cold Reset from the Control Tools menu. A Confirm dialog box asks for confirmation to continue the reset process.
Figure 65. Cold Reset Confirmation 2. Choose OK if you want to continue or Cancel to cancel the reset.
Ping The Ping window allows you to initiate a ping process from the switch to an IP host in the network. This is a very useful feature that lets you easily test the IP level connectivity to an IP host. The Ping window also contains information about the configuration and control of the ping process. Choose Ping from the Control Tools menu.
Figure 66. Ping Window
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MegaSwitch Family Management The Ping window presents the following information. IP Address IP address of the IP host addressed by the ping process. If ping is inactive you can fill in this field with the IP address of the target IP host. The default value for this field after any device reset cycle is the loopback IP address 127.0.0.1. The switch preserves the IP address between different activations of the ping. NOTE: This field cannot be changed while the ping process is running. Number Number of ICMP requests you want generated whenever the ping process is started. The default value for this field after any device reset cycle is 1. Entering a 0 indicates an endless ping process. NOTE: This field cannot be changed while the ping process is running. Requests Number of ICMP requests generated by the switch’s ping process. This is a monitoring only field. Responses Number of ICMP responses received during the ping process. This is a monitoring only field. Owner Indicates whether the ping process was started from MegaVision or from the administrative interface. This is a monitoring only field. After a reset cycle this field is Undefined. The other values are SNMP, meaning MegaVision or Admin, meaning the administrative interface. Start/Stop Starts or stops the ping process.
Frame Generator The Frame Generator window allows you to initiate a traffic generation process that originates at the switch. This is a very useful network testing feature that offers you an easy way to generate traffic on one or more selected segments. After you set the Ethernet packet parameters, as well as the rate and the number of packets to be sent, the frame generator continuously sends one Ethernet frame at the packet rate specified. Choose Frame Generator from the Control Tools menu. 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management This window also contains monitoring information about the configuration and control of the process.
Figure 67. Frame Generator Dest Address Destination MAC address of the Ethernet packet to be sent. Twelve hex digits are required to configure a MAC address. The default value after a reset cycle is 000000000000, the null address. Src Address Source MAC address of the Ethernet packet to be sent. Twelve hex digits are required to configure a MAC address. The default value after a reset cycle is 000000000000, the null address. Fill Pattern Value of the byte used as data in the Ethernet frame to be sent. The default value after a reset cycle is 0. Packet Rate Rate at which the Ethernet frame is sent. The real rate will approximate the required value. The maximum rate depends on the frame size. For 64-byte frames the maximum rate is approximately 3500 pps. The default value after a reset cycle is 1 pps.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Packet Size Size in bytes of the Ethernet frame to be sent, excluding CRC. The default value after a reset cycle is 60 bytes. Dest Map List of ports to which the Ethernet packet will be sent. To select a port, click on the appropriate check box. Start/Stop Starts or stops the frame generator process. Transmitted Packets Number of packets generated by the frame generator process. This is a monitoring only field. NOTE: Configuration fields are not accessible during the frame generator process.
Port Mirroring One of the most difficult tasks in a switched environment is monitoring traffic on the multiple interconnected segments. With MegaVision you can set up a port mirroring session, which allows you to see the traffic on any switched port or another port that contains a monitoring device, such as, an RMON probe or a LAN analyzer. Port mirroring is a simple concept—it takes all traffic that is bound for a particular port and also directs it to another port on the switch. Without interrupting any other network traffic, you can attach a monitoring device to a particular port and watch the traffic bound for a different segment.
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Setting Up a Port Mirroring Session 1. Choose Port Mirror in the Control Tools menu. The Port Mirror window opens.
Figure 68. Port Mirror 2. In the Mirror Port field, type the number of the port whose traffic you want to mirror. 3. In the On Port field, type the number of the port to which the traffic will be mirrored. 4. Choose Start. The switch is informed and begins mirroring immediately. The Start button changes to a Stop button. Mirroring continues regardless of whether or not a Port Mirror window is open. 5. To turn off port mirroring, choose Stop. You can now initiate another session with different parameters. CAUTION Do not use the port containing the monitoring device for regular connectivity purposes. The amount of traffic that is redirected from the mirrored ports may impact the connectivity of the hosts residing on it.
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Port Management MegaVision incorporates a comprehensive set of port monitoring and control tools that ensure smooth operation of the network. These tools assist you in ongoing fault management, where you can make modifications before it is too late, avoiding noticeable network downtime. Port management has been designed to help you monitor and verify the function of interconnecting switches as well as end-to-end flows. Because performance and traffic is monitored over time, you can see what changed and what it looked like before. To facilitate monitoring, control, and analysis, flexible viewing options are a key element in MegaVision’s port management tools. You can dynamically view information for one specific port or multiple ports, or for a specific counter category or multiple categories in a variety of formats: in table statistics or in graphical form as a speedometer or line graph. This section describes the tools available for configuring and monitoring the ports in your network. It includes: •
Viewing and changing port configurations
•
Monitoring port performance
•
Monitoring Ethernet, Port Spanning Tree, and RMON statistics
Selecting a Port MegaVision maintains individual data for each port on a device. After selecting a device and a port, you can modify configurations and monitor traffic on any port.
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Selecting a Device and Port 1. In the Main window, choose the icon of the device you wish to view. The front panel of the switch displays. See the “About the Device Main Window” section in Chapter 2, Getting Started, for a detailed description of this front panel.
Figure 69. Warm Reset Confirmation
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MegaSwitch Family Management 2. Choose the port you wish to monitor or configure. The Port Information window for the selected port displays. See the following section for details.
Port Information The Port Information window presents information relating to packets received and transmitted by a port. The window also provides controls for accessing other port statistics.
Figure 70. Port Information Receive Packets Number of frames received by this port. Received Bytes Number of bytes received by this port. Filtered Packets Number of valid frames received by this port which were filtered by the forwarding process. Received Multicasts Number of multicast frames received by the switching entity on this port. Unknown Destination Number of packets received by the switching entity on this port with an unknown destination port. As a result these packets were forwarded to all the other ports causing flooding. 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management Transmit Packets Number of frames transmitted by this port. Transmit Bytes Number of bytes transmitted by this port. From the Port Information window, you can open and monitor port information for any port, access additional information about the currently selected port or choose to view data in other configurations. The following list describes the function of each button. Prev Opens the Port Information window for the previous port. Next Opens the Port Information window for the next port. Configuration Opens the Port Configuration window. Ethernet Info Opens the Ethernet Information window. Spanning Tree Opens the Port Spanning Tree Parameters window. RMON Stats Opens the RMON Statistics window. Port Performance Opens the Port Performance window. Ports Opens the Port Information Graphs (Ports) window. Cnts Opens the Port Information Graphs (Counters) window.
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Opening Port Graphics Windows You can view more specific traffic information for all ports on a switch via the display option buttons in the Port Graphics section of the Port Information window. Port statistics are dynamically presented either on a per port or per counter basis. These windows also contain controls for displaying data graphically as a line graph or speedometer.
Viewing a Device’s Port Statistics on a Per Port Basis 1. In the Ports Graphics section of the System Information window, choose Ports. The Port Graphs window opens displaying the traffic of a port on the device.
Figure 71. Port Graphs 2. To select another port, use the pull-down menus next to each port number.
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3. You can graphically display counter contents as either a speedometer or a line graph. See “Using Graphic Support” in Chapter 2. 111
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Viewing A Device’s Port Statistics On a Per Counter Basis 1. In the Ports Graphics section of the System Information window, choose Cnts. The Port Counters window opens displaying the traffic of a port on the device.
Figure 72. Counters Graphs 2. To select another counter category, use the pull-down menu above the ports. 3. You can graphically display counter contents as either a speedometer or a line graph. See “Using Graphic Support” in Chapter 2.
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MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs LEDs on the MegaSwitch Port Image are continuously updated and provide you with current port activity status for the window you are currently viewing. Figure 73 depicts the port image for a port on NBase-Xyplex’s SX-2012, a 100 Mbps fast Ethernet switch. For descriptions of other Port Images and their respective LEDs (see Appendix B).
Figure 73. Port Image
Viewing and Changing Port Configuration The Port Configuration window displays information about the current configuration status of the port and transceiver, which can be reset.
Figure 74. Port Configuration 0216
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Port Select Displays the media interface selected for the port. You can change the following options: Auto Allows the switch to automatically determine use of AUI or TP. TP Twisted Pair interface (connect RJ45 directly to UTP or TP cable). AUI Attachment Unit Interface (connect to a transceiver).
Duplex Displays the state of the port’s duplex mode. Full Port is in full duplex mode Half Port is in half duplex mode NOTE: Duplex is not adjustable in auto-select mode.
Flow Control Displays the state of the port’s flow control mechanism. Enable Enables flow control on the port Disable Disables flow control on the port
Changing Port Configurations 1. Open the Port Information window. 2. Choose Port Configuration. The Port Configuration window displays showing the current configuration status. 3. Make required modifications for Port Select, Duplex or Flow Control. 4. Choose OK to accept the changes and send a configuration message to the switch. 114
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Monitoring Port Performance The Port Performance window displays a table of the cumulative or averaged traffic that has passed between the ports on a switch. You can monitor the number of bytes and the number of frames transmitted to the selected port from the listed ports. Included is the number of frames/bytes which have come in through the selected port. The Interport Communications histogram displays the information as a bar graph. You can also view statistics on a per port or per counter basis as well as a graphic by choosing Ports or Cnts. For additional information on these alternative monitoring views, see “Opening Ports Graphics Windows” in this chapter, and “Using Graphic Support” in Chapter 2, Getting Started. 1. Select an active port at the device backplane window. The Port Information window appears. 2. Click on the Port Performance button. The Port Performance window appears.
Figure 75. Port Performance
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MegaSwitch Family Management The Ports and Cnts buttons open Ports and Counters graphs, respectively. The Next button displays the next port’s information, as does the Prev button for the previous port. The Interport Communications graph shows a histogram of collected information.
Monitoring Ethernet Performance You monitor data relating to collisions, errors, lost and rejected packets, and flow controls through the Ethernet Information window. Information is presented as counters and a collision histogram. You can also view statistics on a per-port or per-counter basis as well as a graphic by choosing Ports or Cnts. For additional information on these alternative monitoring views, see “Opening Ports Graphics Windows” in this chapter, and “Using Graphic Support” in Chapter 2, Getting Started. 1. Select an active port at the device backplane window. The Port Information window appears. 2. Click on the Ethernet Info button. The Ethernet Information window appears.
Figure 76. Ethernet Information 116
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MegaSwitch Family Management Excessive Collisions Number of frames that failed to transmit on the port due to excessive collisions. Single Collisions Number of frames successfully transmitted on the port that encountered exactly one collision. Multiple Collisions Number of successfully transmitted frames on the port that encountered more than one collision. Total Collisions Sum of Excessive Collisions, Single Collisions, and Multiple Collisions. Alignment Errors Number of frames received on the port that are not an integral number of octets in length and do not pass the FCS check. FCS Errors Number of frames received on the port that are an integral number of octets in length, but do not pass the FCS check. Lost/Reject Packets Number of times the flow control mechanism was activated unsuccessfully 15 times. The number is correct if the flow control mechanism is enabled. Underflow Errors Number of frames for which transmission on the port fails due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error. Overflow Errors Count of frames for which reception on the port fails due to an internal MAC sublayer receive error. Lost/Flow Controls Number of times the flow control mechanism was activated on the specified input port, due to a full buffer on the output port, if the flow control mechanism is enabled. If not, it represents the number of packets lost due to buffer overflow.
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Interpreting the Collisions Histogram The Collisions Histogram shows a histogram and a values table of the cumulative (since last reset) collision counters. Sixteen counters show the number of frames with a given number of collisions. The X axis of the histogram represents the number of collisions. Each of the 16 bars represents the number of collisions. The Y axis shows the number of frames with a given number of collisions. For example, the following information indicates that one frame passed after one collision, and five frames passed after three collisions. 1=1
5=0
9=0
13=0
2=0
6=0
10=0
14=0
3=5
7=0
11=0
15=0
4=0
8=0
9=0
16=0
You can view the histogram in two modes: •
Cumulative (default)
•
Averaged values (changes of counter value per polling interval)
Monitoring Port Spanning Tree The Spanning Tree Port window contains information relevant to the Spanning Tree algorithm from the dot 1 bridge stp table group. There are some relationships between the different parameters. Setting any of the following to a value that does not enforce these relationships will result in a different value default (see ISO/IEC 10038 ANSI/IEEE Standard 802.1D paragraph 4.10 in Appendix C). 1. Select an active port at the device backplane window. The Port Information window appears.
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MegaSwitch Family Management 2. Click on the Spanning Tree button. The Spanning Tree window appears.
Figure 77. Port Spanning Tree Port Priority (hex) Value of the priority field which is contained in the first (in network byte order) octet of the (2 octet long) Port ID. The other octet of the Port ID is given by the value of port number. Port Path Cost Contribution of this port to the path cost of paths towards the Spanning Tree root which include this port. Port Enable Enabled/disabled status of the port. Port State Port’s current state as defined by application of the Spanning Tree Protocol. This state controls what action a port takes on reception of a frame. If the bridge detects a port that is malfunctioning, it places that port into the broken(6) state. For disabled ports (see Port Enable), this object has a value of disabled(1). Designated Root Unique bridge identifier of the bridge recorded as the root in the configuration BPDUs transmitted by the designated bridge for the segment to which the port is attached. Port Designated Cost Path cost of the designated port of the segment connected to this port. This value is compared to the Root Path Cost field in received bridge PDUs.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Port Designated Bridge Bridge identifier of the bridge which this port considers to be the designated bridge for this port’s segment. Port Designated Port The Port identifier of the port on the designated bridge for this port’s segment. Forwarding Transitions Number of times this port has transitioned from the Learning state to the Forwarding state.
Monitoring RMON Statistics RMON counts the cumulative line statistics for each Ethernet interface monitored by MegaVision. The statistics are incremented for each occurrence of a particular packet-related event such as error conditions and size ranges. The RMON Statistics window displays a table of the RMON statistics gathered by the switch for the current port. You can view statistics on a per port or per counter basis as well as a graphic by choosing Ports or Cnts. For additional information on these alternative monitoring view, see “Opening Ports Graphics Windows” in this chapter, and “Using Graphic Support” in Chapter 2, Getting Started. NOTE: RMON is supported only by the SX-2007 and SX-2012.
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Figure 78. RMON Statistics Window The information from RFC 1271 is as follows: Ether Stats Octets Total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) received on the network (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets). Ether Stats Pkts Total number of packets (including error packets) received. Ether Stats Broadcast Pkts Total number of good packets received that were directed to the broadcast address. Ether Stats Multicast Pkts Total number of good packets received that were directed to a multicast address. Note that this number does not include packets directed to the broadcast address.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Ether Stats CRC Align Errors Total number of packets received that had a length (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets, inclusive, but were not an integral number of octets in length or had a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS). Ether Stats Undersize Pkts Total number of packets received that were less than 64 octets long (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed. Ether Stats Oversize Pkts Total number of packets received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed. Ether Stats Fragments Total number of packets received that were not an integral number of octets in length or that had a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS), and were less than 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets). Ether Stats Jabbers Total number of packets received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and were not an integral number of octets in length or had a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS). Ether Stats Collisions Best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet segment. Ether Stats Pkts 64 Octets Total number of packets (including error packets) received that were 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets). Ether Stats Pkts 65-127 Octets Total number of packets (including error packets) received that were between 65 and 127 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets). Ether Stats Pkts1 28-255 Octets Total number of packets (including error packets) received that were between 128 and 255 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets).
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MegaSwitch Family Management Ether Stats Pkts 256-511 Octets Total number of packets (including error packets) received that were between 256 and 511 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets). Ether Stats Pkts 512-1023 Octets Total number of packets (including error packets) received that were between 512 and 1023 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets). Ether Stats Pkts 1024-1518 Octets Total number of packets (including error packets) received that were between 1024 and 1518 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets).
InterSwitched Security Virtual LANs
Figure 79. InterSwitches Virtual LAN Enter this window via Main Menu: Control: InterSwitches VLANs or via Main Switch Window Menu: Switching Functions: InterSwitches VLANs menu items. This window allows setting InterSwitches Security Virtual LANS.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Every switch port is connected to certain network segment. The network segment is actually a bunch of stations and/or network devices connected together. A Security Virtual LAN is a group of switch ports which creates a workgroup. The workgroup includes all the stations and/or network devices which are connected to the ports. Communication is allowed ONLY between the stations/devices within a workgroup. Use this feature to reduce network traffic and/or for security reasons. Generally speaking, the ports (segments) can belong to different switches.
Example: •
Switch A contains 12 ports: A1 through A12.
•
Switch B contains 12 ports: B1 through BI2
You may want to create three workgroups: 1. A1, A2, A9, B3, B12 2. A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A9, Al0, A11, Bl, B2, B4, B5, B6, B11,B12 3. A8, A9, A12, B7, B8, B9, B10, B12
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MegaSwitch Family Management It is important to understand the following: •
Generally speaking, workgroups may contain shared ports. The shared ports are usually connected to commonly used servers and manager groups; i.e., the segments which everybody must be able to communicate with.
•
If a workgroup should contain ports belonging to the same switch ("Internal" VLAN: e.g: A1, A2, A7), refer to Security Virtual LANs (Virtual Broadcast Domain) Management. Do not attempt to set "Internal" Security VLAN from-the InterSwitches VLANs Window.
•
InterSwitches VLANS are supported only for the MegaSwitch 11 (and higher) family of NBase-Xyplex switches (SX-2012, SX-2015 -...)
•
To support InterSwitch VLANs, a switch should contain a special module: TRUNK port. Currently, only two types of modules have the TRUNK capabilities: ISVP module and GIGABIT module. This port must also be set to ISVLAN mode. Please see the Switch Port Configuration screen.
•
Any InterSwitch VLAN must include TRUNK port, please see the above example. You can assume that : The shared port X9 is a TRUNK port which belongs to switch A; The shared port B12 is a TRUNK port which belongs to switch B.
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There is always Default ISVLAN 1 presented in the ISVLANs Window. You cannot edit or delete the Default ISVLAN.
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ISVLANs List Box The ISVLANs List-box contains a list of currently set ISVLANs. The following information is presented for each ISVLAN: •
ISVLAN ID A unique number which identifies the ISVLAN.
•
ISVLAN Description (name) Some description text which describes ISVLAN. There is always only one current ISVLAN presented in the ISVLAN window. In order to set another current ISVLAN, please select it in the ISVLANs list-box. Do one of the following:
•
Click on the Add button in order to add a new ISVLAN.
•
Click on the Edit button (or double-click on the desired ISVLAN line) in order to change current ISVLAN description.
•
Click on the Delete button in order to delete current ISVLAN. Please note that you cannot edit or delete Default ISVLAN 1.
Switches List Box The contains information about the switches that are included in the current ISVLAN. Note that only "ISVLAN-capable" switches are presented. The following information is presented for every switch: •
Switch Name This is actually the switch map name.
•
Ports Included A list of the switch ports included in the current ISVLAN. Please note that this list must contain the TRUNK Port. To add another switch into the list, click on the Add Switch button.
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MegaSwitch Family Management To edit (set) included ports, select the switch in the list and click on the Edit Included Ports button or double click on the desired switch line in the list-box. You cannot edit or delete ports included to Default ISVLAN 1.
MegaSwitch G Specific Management MegaSwitch G (SX-218, SX-228 ... ) Specific Screens The following screens show a SX-218 but apply to any MegaSwitch G series device.
Figure 80. NH218 Switch
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MegaSwitch Family Management Open this window by pressing the Switch Configuration button in the System Information window.
Figure 81. NH218 Switch Configuration Any changes that you make to the In Band Parameters and the SNMP Communities sections will not be in effect until the next switch reset. These changes are sent to the switch, but this window does not reflect these changes until the switch has been reset.
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Device Identification Window The Device Identification Window contains the information about hardware and software revisions of the SX-218 device.
Figure 82. NH215 Device Identify Enter this-window by double-clicking a SX-218 icon on the map, then clicking on the Nbase-Xyplex' logo. Note that the Hardware and Software versions are displayed.
System Information (SX-218) The System Information window contains some general information about the SX-218 being monitored: MacAddress The MacAddress (physical address) of the device. Version The Revision and Version of the SNMP Agent software and hardware. IP Address The device's IP Address. 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management Community Name The Community name for SNMP Get requests. Change this parameter from the Switch Configuration window. UpTime Time elapsed since last reset. Spanning Tree Enabled /Disabled. Change this parameter from the Device Control window. Learning Process Enabled /Disabled. Change this parameter from the Device Control window. Switching DataBase Opens the Switching DataBase window. Switch Configuration Opens the Switch Configuration window.
Figure 83. Switch - System Information Enter this window by double clicking on an SX-218 icon then clicking on the NBase-Xyplex logo.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Note that the IP address, SNMP community strings, and switch hardware and software version information are displayed in this window. Other buttons, such as the Switch Configuration and Switching Database buttons, are generic to NBase-Xyplex switches and are covered in the beginning of this chapter.
Port Configuration The Port Configuration Window displays Information about the configuration status of the port and transceiver. When you open the window by pressing the port image on the Device Window, the current configuration status is retrieved. Thereafter, any changes you make within the window remain local to the NMS software, unless the you presses the OK button to send a configuration message to the switch. Information available (modifiable) in the Port Configuration Window: Port Enable Enable/Disable. Use this option to isolate temporarily the segment that is attached to the port. Broadcast Packets Select Forward to forward broadcast packets to all ports. Select Discard to make the SX-218 discard broadcast packets Unknown Packets Select Forward to forward unknown packets. Select Discard to prevent the SX-218 from forwarding unknown packets to this port Duplex Mode Set to Full to place the port in full duplex mode. Select Half to place the port in half duplex mode. Spanning Tree Choose Accepted to make sure all packets are accepted. Choose Discarded to ensure the SX-218 discards all incoming/outgoing packets except for BPDU packets. This option is meaningful only when Spanning Tree [bsSpanningTree] is enabled for this switch.
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Figure 84- nh218 Port Configuration Enter this window by clicking on a port on the SX-218. Please refer to Chapter 2-.”Using Graphic Support” for instructions on graphics.
Device Control Window The Device Control window allows you to modify the SX-218 device general parameters: Spanning Tree Enable Enables/disables the spanning tree algorithm. Disable Learning Process Select (and disable) this so the SX-218 learns no new addresses from network traffic running through itself. Deselect to enable the learning process.
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Figure 85. SX-218 Device Control Enter this window by selecting Device Control from the Device menu.
Switching DataBase Window The Switching DataBase Window displays the full contents of the switch’s Learn Table. This table is a list of all learned Ethernet (MAC) addresses; these tell the switch where to send which frames. You can enable/disable the Learning process via the Device Control window (see above).
Figure 86. Switching Database 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management Enter the Hosts menu item window by selecting Switching Database in the Hosts Item menu. Please refer to Chapter 4, “Switching Database” for more information on the Learn Table. Alias The corresponding Ethernet (physical) address for the entry. If the address does not have an alias, then the raw address is displayed. Otherwise, the current aliased name is displayed. You can add/edit aliases via Alias Manager Window. MAC Address The corresponding Ethernet (physical) address for the entry. Type One of two values: Static or Dynamic. Static means this MAC Address is statically written in the table and it remains there after the next reset. Dynamic means this MAC Address is currently in use and will remain so until it is aged out. Dest. Port The number of the port to which a frame containing the entry Mac Address will be forwarded. Actually, this is the port that the station/device with the MAC Address is physically connected to.
Direct IP Specific Management DirectIP Switch (DIP/IPS 228, 234, etc.) Specific Screens The following screens are specific to the DirectIP devices. In addition to the normal switching functions, Direct IP devices also have VLAN and Router functions. Below is a screen shot of a typical DirectIP device, the 228. It has both 10 and 100Mbps switched ports, as well as an expansion slot. DIP devices are similar to the SX-228... series devices and any unexplained features may be found in the Device Specific Screens: SX-228 section earlier in chapter.
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Figure 87. Direct IP Switch
DirectIP Main Menu Item Explanations System display and configure global system parameters. Manage - Configure the Management parameters. Config
- Configure the System parameters.
Reset
- Reset the device.
Load
- Load the data from backup files and send it to the device.
Save
- Retrieve the data from the device and store it in backup files.
Copy
- Copy the data from one device to another.
Switch Display and configure switch related parameters. IP-HOSTs Table
- Show all the hosts as seen by the DirectIP
MAC-Hosts Table
- Show all the hosts as seen by the switch.
Identify
- Show device parameters (versions..).
Ports Configuration
- Set the ports parameters.
Statistics1
- Show tfie ports statistics.
Statistics2
- Show the ports statistics.
VLAN Display and configure the Virtual LANs parameters. VLAN-Table - Show /Configure the VLAN table. DirectIP - Display and configure the routing information. Security - Show/Configure the security table. Routing - Show /Configure the routing table. 0216
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Management Configuration
Figure 88. DIP Switch Management Enter this window via the System Manage menu. This window displays the management parameters: Run Mode The Off-Line mode enables you to configure the device data-base without being connected to the device. In this mode you read and write from/to files in the management station. After you finish the configuration you load it to the device using the System: Load command (from the device’s menu). NOTE: You can copy the data-base from one device (after you save it) to another device, and then make the changes you want to this device.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Management Interface The parameters of the device’s SNMP Agent. Note that this is the first VLAN interface. If you have more than one VLAN, then each VLAN is an interface to the Agent. If you don't have communication with the Agent, you can set these parameters from the CLI. SNMP Communities This applies to the SNW security mechanism for the switch. Community These names are public and private for read and write, respectively. TFTP Agent Software The software file (with *.hex extension). TFTP Server IP Address The IP of the host that has the file. The Agent (in the device) can load a new software version from a TFRP Server. To do that the Agent must know the server IP address, and the agent software name. To download a new software version, run a TFTP server application (you can use the one that is supplied with MegaVision). Make sure that you set the “Server Directory” as the path to the software, and then click on the Download New Software button. The Agent resets the device, communicates with the TFTP server, and then runs on the new software. Trap Table This enables adding/editing/deleting new manager hosts for the switch. Once the manager’s host IP Address is-in the table, the switch can send standard SNMP Traps to it. Add Host, Edit Host buttons Clicking on these opens the Add /Edit Host window. Remove Host button Removes the manager from the table. Load Loads the content of a backup (previously saved data) file to the list-box. After the load, you are asked if you want to send the data to the device. Note that although the Management interface is loaded to the dialog, it is not sent to the device, so you will not lose communication.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Save Save the data from the screen to a file. The files are “manage.dat”, and “traps.lst” in directory @data\device-name(@ - the application’s root directory). Print Send the data from the screen to the printer. OK Clicking on the OK button in the Switch Configuration Window sends the changes (if any) to the switch, but they take effect only after reset. Cancel Discard changes (if any) and close window. Help Open the help window. Next This button is similar to OK but it then continues to the next configuration window. Novice users should use this, because it helps you get around in the proper order.
System Configuration
Figure 89. DIP Switch System Configuration 138
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MegaSwitch Family Management Enter this via the System Config menu. After you are finished with this window, you can quickly configure your DIP switch by clicking Next. This walks you in order through all the important configuration windows (System: Ports: VLAN Table: Security Table: Routing Table. System Operational Mode: Switch Only This is a MAC layer switch that moves packets from one host/net to another. In this mode the device looks at the LAN as one network. Switch and VLAN This is a switch that also defines and controls virtual LANs. In this mode the switch can divide the network into subnets. Packets are distributed only inside the VLAN. Note that in this mode a host in one VLAN cannot communicate with a host in another VLAN without a router. Switch and VLAN and Direct IP The switch acts like a router to the different VLANs. In this mode the host from one VLAN can communicate with every host in any other VLAN. VLAN Type: IP VLAN The VLANs are defined according to IP subnets using the IPVLAN Table window. Ports VLAN The VLANs are defined by groups of ports using the PortsVLAN Table window. DirectIp Mode: MANUAL based The user (of each host) manually configures its gateway to its IP address. This enables it to communicate with any other hosts in the LAN that is either configure in the same way, or in its sub-net.
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MegaSwitch Family Management DHCP based Uses DHCP Server to find the host IP addresses and configure the hosts IP and gateway. When IP is requested from a DHCP server, the switch -automatically changes the host’s default gateway to same as the IP. This eliminates the need to manually set the defaultgateway in each host. In order to specify DHCP operation, the Relay Agent checkbox must be checked (see Relay Agent below). Forward Non4P broadcast to You may specify where non-IP broadcast packets are sent to: ALL Ports Non-IP broadcast packets are sent to all ports on the switch. VLAN Ports If the source port is on a VLAN, non-IP broadcast packets are sent only to those ports on the same VLAN as- the source port. Relay Agent If this checkbox is checked you can enter the IP address for a DHCP or BootP server. Specifying a Relay Agent allows automatic default-gateway configuration for each host (see DHCP based Direct IP Mode above). The switch forwards IP Address requests from a host to the specified DHCP or BootP server. The buttons on the bottom of the Switch Configuration window are: Load Load the content of a backup (previously saved data) file to the list-box. After the load, you are asked if you wants to send the data to the device. Save Save the data from the screen to a file. The file is "config" in directory @data\device-name (@ - the application's root directory). Print Send the data from the list-box to the printer. OK Clicking on the OK button in the Switch Configuration Window sends the changes (if any) to the switch. Cancel Discard changes (if any) and close window. 140
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MegaSwitch Family Management Help Open the help window. Next This button is similar to OK but it then continues to the next configuration window. Use this if you are a novice user, as it helps you get around in the proper order.
Ports Configuration
Figure 90. DIP Switch Ports Configuration Enter this window via the Switch Ports Configuration menu, or by pressing the Next button in the System Configuration window. If you enter this window via the Switch Ports Configuration main menu, you will see a Close button in the lower right hand corner of the window.
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MegaSwitch Family Management If you entered via the Next button in the Switch Configuration window, the Close button is replaced with a Next button, which takes you to the VLAN Table window. This dialog shows the configuration parameters of all the ports in the switch. These parameters are set in -the switch hardware. Control Use this option to temporarily isolate the segment that is attached to the port. Duplex The port is in full or half duplex mode. Broadcast Broadcast packets are forwarded to all ports, or discarded. Unknown The switch does or does not forward unknown packets to @ port. SpanTree The switch discards or accepts all incoming/outgoing packets except for BPDU packets. This option works only when Spanning Tree for the switch is set. When you click on a line in the list-box, this port’s parameters enter the combo-boxes at the bottom. To change a parameter, select another option in the combo-box. This immediately sends a SET command to the device. There is no OK/ Cancel button. If you want to undo the changes, click on the Load button (if you previously saved the old configuration). You can also double-click on a line. This opens the port-configuration window, which enables you to set the same configuration parameters for this port. This is-the same window that is opened when you click on the port in the main (zoom) window. The buttons at the bottom are: Load Load the content of a backup (previously saved data) file to the list-box. After the load, you are asked if you want to send-the data to the device.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Save Save the data from the list-box to a file. The file is “ports.lst” in directory @data\devicename (@ - the application’s root directory). Print Send the data from the list-box to the printer. Help Open this help window. Close Close the Ports Configuration window.
VLAN Table
Figure 91. DIP Switch VLAN Table Enter this window via VLAN: IP VLAN Table. To modify an existing VLAN, double-click on its entry in the window. The VLAN Entry window for the selected VLAN appears. Press the Add button to add a new VLAN. The VLAN entry window appears (see Edit/Add VLA N on the next page). 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management This table shows the groups (subnets) and the ports in the switch that they use. The list-box shows the current list of VLANS. Note that they are sorted according to IP address. The parameters in each entry are: Name A user defined name for this VLAN (it is used in the exceptions list). IP-Address This IP address is also the interface to the SNMP Agent. Mask The VLAN network mask. A VLAN is defined by the IP and Mask. Ports The ports that are associated with this VLAN. The buttons at the bottom are : Load Load the content of a backup (previously saved data) file to the listbox. After the load, you are asked if you want to send-the data to the device. Save Save the data from the list-box to a file. The file is “vlant.lst” in directory @data\devicename (@ - the application’s root directory). Print Send the data from the list-box to the printer. Help Open this help window. Close Close the VLAN Table window. Add Add a new entry to the list. This opens the Edit/Add VLAN window. Edit Like Add, but it opens the Edit/Add VLAN window with the selected line parameters in it. Remove Delete the selected entry from the list.
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IMPORTANT Be very careful not to remove your VLAN (the VLAN that you the manager attached to).
Edit/Add VLAN
Figure 92. VLAN Entry Enter this window via the DIP Switch VLAN Table window. Open this window from the VLAN Table window, either by Edit or Add button. The only difference is that when you open it via the Edit button, the selected line parameters are inserted in.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Name A user defined name for this VLAN (it is used in the exceptions list). IP-address The VLAN IP. e.g. 196.0.1.3. Mask The VLAN network mask. e.g. 255.255-255.0 Ports-List The ports that are associated with this VLAN. Note the ports are listed in as a list of numbers in the STATIC control, and as checked boxes. Note that some of the boxes are disabled (grayed). These ports are already assigned to other VLAN groups. When you click on OK the entry is saved in a file When you do add an entry (from the parent list window), the entry is loaded from the file. The buttons at the bottom are: OK Compose a VLAN entry and Add /Replace it to VLAN list. Cancel Ignore the changes made (if any) and return to the VLAN Table. Help Open this help window.
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Security Table
Figure 93. Security Table Open this window via Direct IP: Security. This table shows the security restrictions groups. Note that under security rules anyone can communicate with anyone, unless they are blocked by the security list. Each entry in the list defines the relation between two groups. The relation is symmetric, which means it does not matter who starts the communication. Status Defines the communication status between two groups. blocked Restrict the communication. allowed Allow the communication. Allowed is used when we want to enable one group to talk 'only" to another group. To do that we first restrict the whole world, and then allow only this group. Name 1 The name of the first group. 0216
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MegaSwitch Family Management Name 2 The name of the second group. The buttons at the right of the list are : Edit View/Change the group characteristics. Add Add a new entry to the list. Press the Add button to access the Edit/Add Security Entry window (described later in this chapter. Delete Remove an entry from the list. Test Check whether two IPs can communicate with each other (see TestlPs). Press the Test button to access the IP Test window. The buttons at the bottom are : Load Load the content of a backup (previously saved data) file to the list-box. After the load, you are asked if you want to send-the data to the device. Save Save the data from the list-box to a file. The file is 'secure.lst" in directory @data\devicename (@ - the application's root directory). Print Send the data from the list-box to the printer. Help Open this help window. Close Close the VLAN Table window.
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Edit/Add Security Entry
Figure 93. Security Entry Enter this window via the Security Table window. (explained on the previous page). This window is opened from the Security Table window, either by the Edit or Add button. When you open the window with the Edit button the selected line parameters are inserted in. Communications Status Choose Blocked to restrict communication between two groups. Choose Allowed to allow the communication. In many cases you want to define that one group can communicate ONLY with another group. In this case you need to define two entries.
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•
The first entry is: group1, group2, Status=allowed.
•
The second entry is: groupl, ALL, Status=blocked Group #1, Group #2 Each group is composed of three parameters. The Name is the name of the group, and the IpAddress & Mask is the sub-net that combines the group. To build the group, use the following buttons: IP If you want the group to include only one host. This changes the mask to "255.255.255.255" so the EP & Mask is only the IP. ALL A special group that contains all the IPs in the network. Use this when you want to define that one group can communicate only with another group. In many cases you want to define that one group can communicate ONLY with another group. In this case you need to define two entries.
•
The first entry is: group1, group2, Status=allowed.
•
The second entry is: groupl, ALL, Status=blocked VLAN Select the group from one of the previously defined VLANS. Select an entry in the VLAN-List at the bottom, and then click on the VLAN button in the group that you want. Because the groups usually match the VLANs, it makes sense to select a security-group from the VLAN table.-To avoid having to read the VLAN table each time from the Agent, read it from a previously saved file (see VLAN-Table). If you are not sure that this is an updated VLAN list, use the Load VLANS button to reload and save it. When you click on OK the entry is saved in a file. When you add an entry (from the parent list window), the entry is loaded from the file. The buttons at the bottom are OK Sends the entry to the Agent to Add/Replace an entry in the Security table.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Cancel Ignore the changes made (if any) and return to the VLAN Table. Help Open this help window. Load VLANs See above in the VLAN button.
Test-lPs
Figure 94. DIP Switch Test IP Click on the Test button in the Security Table window to open this window. The window enables you to check whether two EPs can communicate with each other. If they cannot, the entry that caused the restriction is selected (in the parent window). IP1 IP of the first host. IP2 IP of the second host. The buttons at the bottom are OK Sends the lps to the Agent to be checked against the security table. Close Close the window. Help Open the help window.
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Routing Table
Figure 95. DIP Switch Routing Table Enter this window via the DirectIP: Routing. This routing table holds the EP addresses of the routers for subnets that are beyond the reach of the DirectIP. Each packet that is designated to that subnet is forwarded by the DirectIP to that router from the defined port. The parameters in each entry are: TargetIP & TargetMask The subnet. NextHop The router's EP address. Type The type of the next Hop. It may be a router or a DirectIP Switch. OutPort The port# where the router is attached to. NOTE: OutPort=O means the Outport is temporarily unknown. This value is set by the device when it initializes and there are no routing entries. You can set it when you do not know to which port the NextHop is connected. However, this is not recommended. 152
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MegaSwitch Family Management Below the list-box there are four Edit-boxes. If you click on a line in the list, its parameters are inserted into the edit-boxes. The buttons on the right side are: Change Change the selected entry according to new parameters in the edit-boxes. Add Add a new entry to the list. The add uses the parameters that are in the edit-boxes at the button. Remove Delete the selected entry from the list. The buttons at the bottom are: Load Load the content of a backup (previously saved data) file to the listbox. After the load, you are asked if you want to send the data to the device. Save Save the data from the list-box to a file. The file is "route.lst" in directory @data\devicename (@ - the application’s root directory). Print Send the data from the list-box to the printer. Help Open this help window. Close Close the Exceptions window.
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Filter
Figure 96. DIP Switch Filter for IP Hosts Table window. Enter this window via the Switch: IP Hosts Table. You can open the IP-Hosts Table window from the Filter window by highlighting a valid VLAN and clicking the OK button. The Window enables you to set a filter to the IP-HOSTs Table. Because the IP-HOSTs table may be very large (up to 5000 entries), you may want to view only part of the list (one or more entries). To-do this, set the filter mode and filter parameters, and then click on OK. Use Filter Set to yes only if you want to view a partial group of entries.
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MegaSwitch Family Management Search in You can instruct the program to search the entry/entries in all the DirectIP switches that are listed in the map. Filter type Select the type of filter you want to use EP, MAC, Name, VLAN, Port#. Edit-box Then put the IP/MAC/Name/VLAN/Port# in the edit box. The string in the edit-box have two special characters : •
Question-marks ( ? ) - may be any one character.
•
Asterisks - may be any string (even a NULL string).
The IP type must be a number. VLAN list When you set the VLAN type, you can select a VLAN from the list. To avoid having to read the VLAN table each time from the Agent, read it from a previously saved file (see VLAN-Table). If you are not sure that this is an updated VLAN list, use the Load VLANS button to reload and save it. OK Opens the IP-HOSTs Table dialog and shows the first page of entries, according to the filter parameters.
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IP-Hosts Table
Figure 97. DIP Switch IP Hosts Configuration Enter the Filter for the IP Hosts Table window via Switch: IP Hosts Table. To access the IP Hosts Table window, press the OK button in the Filter for IP Hosts Table window. This table shows all the hosts that sent an ARP request via the switch. This dialog is accessed via the Filter dialog. Using the Filter dialog, you can specify what entries he would like to list in the dialog. Each entry in the list contains :
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IP-Address
The Host IP address
MAC-Address
The host MAC Address
Port#
The port that this MAC was detected.
Name
The Host Name (as it is stored in the DHCP server).
VLAN
The VLAN that this IP belongs to. If not then it is 'Default".
Device
The switch name that the entry was found. This parameter is added because you may search more than one switch. 0216
MegaSwitch Family Management Because the list may be very big (up to 5000), it is displayed as pages. The number of lines on the page is configurable. When you enter the dialog, the first page is displayed.
The edit-box on the top-left (above the list-box) is used to search an IP or name (according to the sort mode) in the list. When you type even part of the IP/name it highlights the first line that matches it. The buttons at the bottom are: Sort You can view the list sorted by IP address, by Names, by VLAN, or by Port#. You can change from one to another at any time. Sorting by Names, Ports, and VLANs is true only for what is in the list-box and not the entire list. If you want to view real-sort for Names, Ports, and VLANs, click on the Get All button. Page You can set the number of lines in each page in the edit box. Load Load the content of a backup (previously saved data) file to the list-box. Save Save the data from the list-box to a file. The file is “except.lst" in directory @data\device-name (@ - the application’s root directory). Print Send the data from the list-box to the printer. Help Open this help window. Close Close the Exceptions window. Next Retrieves the next page from the “from” IP. GetAll Retrieve the rest of the entries from the “from” IP to the end. Note that this button changes to 'Stop', so you can stop (and then continue) the process whenever you want. From The IP in the edit box enables you to retrieve the hosts that have IP greater than this. Generally, you do not need to alter this edit-box, because it is set by the program. 0216
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Copy (under System -> Copy)
Figure 98. Copy Data Open this window via System: Copy DIP Switch. This dialog enables you to move previously saved data from one switch to another. You must save the data in the source switch before using the copy. You can copy all the data (files) or only one of them. After you copy the file, the program (MegaVision) asks you if you want to move the data to the device (the target -switch). If you click OK, the program loads it to the device. The parameters are:
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files
- all / table name (from the combo-box).
From
- the source switch (from the combo-box).
to
- the target switch (from the combo-box).
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MegaSwitch Family Management There are two stages to the copy: 1. Copy the file/s. A prompt appears, asking if you want to load it to the target device. You can Cancel at the second stage. 2. View/Edit the data in off-line mode (see the Manage dialog).
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Chapter 5 NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management
This chapter covers the operation and management of NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps hubs at the stack, hub, and port level.
System Management MegaVision contains a variety of tools to monitor and manage the NBaseXyplex line of stackable hubs. As with NBase switches, you can monitor and control individual devices from the port to stack level. Current hub information is easily displayed via text and two different types of graphs, allowing interactive control of managed devices. Any changes in configuration will not take effect until the Supervisor clicks the OK button and exits the configuration window. Depending on the polling interval, changes might not be displayed immediately in MegaVision. Hub stacks may be configured at three levels: Stack, Hub (module), and Port. All three levels are covered below.
Device Descriptions - 10Mbps Hubs 24 Port Hubs:
• •
·SX-114 Controllable Hub (new) ·SX-124 Master Hub (new)
12 Port Hubs:
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SX-101 Controllable Hub (old) SX-112 Controllable Hub (new) SX-102 Master Hub (old) SX-122 Master Hub (new) 161
NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management With few exceptions, 24 port hubs have the same functions and features as 12 port hubs. The main differences are between the different types of hubs. NOTE: Due to hardware limitations, only half of the ports on the 24 port hub may be managed at any given time. The Hub Configuration window has two radio buttons allowing you to select which batch of ports to manage. For more information, please refer to that section. Controllable Hubs do not have SNMP agents installed and are managed by Master Hubs. These hubs may be daisy chained into a single logical hub stack. Master Hubs have SNMP agents, which allow them to manage Controllable hubs. Master hubs have the following features:
Daisy Chaining “Daisy Chain” ports are provided in each hub, allowing daisy chaining of up to four hubs in a stack. The benefit is a reduction of repeater count and facilitation of network expansion: a maximum of four stacks of four daisy chained hubs can be installed in a network before a bridge must be added. Translating this into the number of twisted-pair ports, you will have 384 ports using only 24 port hubs, or half this amount if you are using only 12 port hubs, or any number in between, if you are using a combination of 12 and 24 port hubs.
Manageability An industry standard SNMP agent is built into the master hub, allowing each stack of hubs to be managed from a centralized management station.
Shared SNMP Agent The master hub can manage up to four controllable hubs, allowing monitoring and configuration from one single MegaVision screen. 162
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Separate Data and Management Buses Ethernet packets between the hubs in the stack go through the “daisy chain” ports, while management packets travel through the “cascade management” ports. This separation of buses facilitates effective network data monitoring of all hubs in the stack as well as flexible configuration of the hub stack.
UTP and STP Support All twisted pair ports support both unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) and shielded twisted-pair (STP) 10Base-T cables, allowing the hubs to be installed in premises with either or both types of cabling.
Upgradability Management module boards can be added to the Basic hubs, permitting users to start with a simple network and upgrade to management capability at any later moment. You can select from two types of management module boards: one to upgrade to a Master hub, the other to upgrade to a Controllable hub.
Flexible Configuration A slot is provided for installation of a slide-in-module. User-selectable BNC, AUI, and FOIRL slide-in modules are available, allowing desired interfaces to be installed according to network requirements.
Backward Compatibility The 24 port and 12 port hubs are compatible with each other, as well as with the earlier SX-100 series. New Master Hubs (124, 122) can manage older Controllable hubs (SX-101). However, older NBase Master hubs (SX102) cannot manage the current Controllable hubs (SX-112, SX-114).
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Using MegaVision with 10Mbps Hubs There are many shortcuts in MegaVision. Often, you do not need to use the menus to access the desired window. This section shows you some of these shortcuts, and the differences between the SX-102 and SX-122 hub stacks. All information presented in the following two windows is updated at each polling interval. For example, if you disable a port, the port’s partition light glows orange after the device has been polled.
Figure 99. SX-122 Hub Stack
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Figure 100. NH-102 Hub Stack
Stack Configuration The Stack Configuration window contains basic stack configuration parameters. Enter this window by selecting the Stack Config... option in the Config menu on the desired hub stack.
Figure 101. Stack Configuration 0216
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management The System Model, System Firmware, MAC Address, IP Address, Default Gateway, and Subnet Mask are shown here. The System Name field and other operations for this window are described below. System Name Displays the system name of the selected hub stack. System Reset Clicking this button performs a System Reset of the hub stack software. You will lose communication with this device for 1-3 minutes, and a trap will be sent to MegaVision, highlighting the hub stack icon in purple. To clear the trap, select the hub stack and choose Clear Alarm sin the Monitor menu. This is a troubleshooting operation. System Counters Reset Clicking this button resets all hub counters for the stack to 0. Please refer to the Trap Managers section for additional stack level configuration options.
Trap Managers In order to receive SNMP traps from a stack, the IP Address of the host computer running the NMS must be stored in it. You may add up to four IP addresses per stack via the Trap Managers window. Enter this window by selecting Trap Manager from s the Config menu on the desired hub stack.
Figure 102. Trap Managers
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Hub Level Configuration Information presented in this window is relative to the selected hub. Enter this window by clicking the NBase-Xyplex logo on any hub in the stack (the top hub), or by selecting Hub Config in the Config menu (change the Hub Number to the desired hub). Note that some operations are not permitted; specifically, you cannot disable all ports on the master hub, as this drops communication with it, in which case no further management operations or monitoring would be possible.
Figure 103. Hub Configuration This window shows the Hub Configuration for a slave hub (hub #3). Due to hardware limitations, it is not possible to manage all ports on a 24 port hub simultaneously. You may choose which batch of ports to monitor by using the radio buttons in the Monitored ports group field. Hub Name You can change the name of the selected hub module. The default is where X is the number of the selected hub. Security Brings you to the Hub Security Intrusion Control for this hub. Please refer to the Security Intrusion Control section for more information. Hub Counters Reset Resets any hub counters to zero for the selected hub.
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Hub Reset Resets the software of the selected hub. Hub Number You can choose which hub to monitor by using this pulldown menu. Only valid hub numbers will be accepted. Hub Gauges Config You can add gauges to monitor various conditions. Once a gauge reaches a pre-set limit, it will send a trap to MegaVision. Please see the Gauges section for more information. Counts You can view the Hub Statistics (Counters) by clicking this button; please refer to that section for more information. Hub Statistics from all hubs in the stack are displayed, not just from the selected hub. This information may also be displayed graphically. Hubs You can view the Hub Statistics Graphs (Hubs) by clicking this button; please refer to that section for more information. Hub Statistics from the selected hub will be displayed. This information may also be displayed graphically.
Port Level Configuration Information presented in this window is relative to the selected port. Enter this window by clicking the desired port, or by selecting Port Confi gin the Config menu for the desired hub stack. The Port Configuration window appears:
Figure 104. Port Configuration 168
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Note that the hub number for this port is displayed on the window title bar. System Name Displays the name of this hub stack, you may rename it in the Stack Configuration window. Hub Name Displays the name of this hub module, you may rename it in the Hub Configuration window. Port Type The interface of this port is displayed. Note that some ports have selectable interfaces (BNC/AUI); change the interface type via the front panel of the hub. Partition Displays partition status. Link Status Displays link status. Port Name You can assign a different name to this port. The default name is where X is the hub number and Y is the port number. Port Number You can select a different port to configure with this pulldown menu. Only valid port numbers will be accepted. Port Enable Enables or disables the selected port. Reset Port Counters Resets all port counters to zero. Gauges You can add gauges to monitor various conditions. Once a gauge reaches a pre-set limit, it will send a trap to MegaVision. Please see the Gauges section for more information. Port Security Intrusion Control If security is enabled, the device will send a trap to MegaVision whenever a non-authorized MAC address accesses the specified port. Please refer to the Security Intrusion Control section for more information. Counts You can view the Port Statistics (Counters) by clicking this button; please refer to that section for more information. Port Statistics from all ports in the hub are displayed, not just from the selected port. This information may also be displayed graphically. 0216
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Ports You can view the Port Statistics Graphs (Ports) by clicking this button; please refer to that section for more information. Port Statistics from the selected port will be displayed. This information may also be displayed graphically.
Security Intrusion Control NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps hubs support security intrusion control. With this feature, you may monitor unauthorized access to specific ports on the hub. Security intrusion control also displays which MAC addresses are accessing what ports. You may also assign aliases to MAC addresses, easing identification of that address.
Hub Security Intrusion Control This window contains information about which MAC addresses are accessing what ports. Four columns of information are displayed:
Figure 105. Security Intrusion Control The stack name and the hub number are displayed on the window title bar. Clicking the Edit Port Security Intrusion Informatio button nopens the Port Security Configuration window for Port 5. You can also double-click on any line. 170
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Port # Displays the port number Legal User MAC Address Displays the MAC address and alias (if assigned) of the legal user for this port. If Security is enabled for this port (via the Port Security Intrusion window), any other MAC address will trigger an alarm (and send a trap to MegaVision) when it accesses this port. Last User MAC Address Displays the last MAC address to access this port. This field does not update; to see a real-time list of MAC addresses accessing this port, double click on the desired port #. The update speed is constrained by the Polling Interval. Status Displays the security status of this port (enabled or disabled). If security is enabled, an alarm will be triggered whenever any MAC address other than that in the second column accesses this port.
Port Security Intrusion Control You may configure and enable security for a port via the Intrusion window. Enter this window by either double clicking on the desired port in the Hub Security Intrusion Control window, or by clicking the Port Security Intrusion Control button in the Port Configuration window.
Figure 106. Port Security Intrusion Control
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Note that aliases have been assigned for both the Legal User Mac Address and the Last User Mac Address. The Last User MAC Address and Last User Alias fields will update each time the device is polled. Legal User MAC Address Enter a MAC address and alias for this address here. This becomes the Legal User MAC Address for this port. Once an alias is entered for the MAC address, you may enter just the alias in any other MegaVision window and the corresponding MAC address filled in for you. Or, you can enter the MAC address and its assigned alias will also automatically appear. You can also assign MAC addresses and aliases in the Switching Database window (this window is not available if you do not have a switch with a learn table on your network). Legal User Alias If desired, you can enter (or modify) an alias for the MAC address above. Status Use this pull-down menu to enable or disable security for this port. If security is enabled, or if any MAC address other than the Legal User MAC Address accesses this port, a trap is sent to MegaVision. Last User MAC Address Displays the last MAC Address to access this port. Last User Alias Displays the alias (if assigned) for the last MAC Address to access this port. You may view alarms by selecting Alarm Log from the Monitor menu item. Alarms may be cleared by highlighting the device that generated the alarm, then selecting Clear Alarm from s the Monitor menu item.
Gauges Gauges can be used to define a limit for various counters (set by the Supervisor). Once a gauge exceeds its limit it triggers an alarm and the device sends a trap to MegaVision.
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Gauges provide a mechanism to define thresholds for statistics counters on the hub and/or port level. A gauge may be set to report exceptional conditions that may cause network problems, such as too many bad packets from a user-defined source (a hub or a specific port). Gauges therefore allow real-time notification of various conditions defined by the Supervisor. By default, no gauges are assigned on either the hub or port level (all gauges are disabled). Gauges require four parameters: •
Period Averaging period in units of 0.1 seconds.
•
Number of Samples The number of samples taken per Period.
•
Notification Threshold Any value higher than this will generate an alarm.
•
Hysteresis Threshold The gauge value must first fall below this value (then rise above the Notification Threshold) before the next alarm is generated.
There are a few restrictions when using gauges. •
On the hub level, you are limited to either three gauges per hub module(SX-101, SX-102), or one gauge per hub module (SX-122, SX-112, SX-124, SX-114).
•
On the port level, you are limited to either twelve gauges (SX-101, SX102), or three gauges (SX-122, SX-112, SX-124, SX-114).
•
The sampling interval is defined as the ratio of the averaging period and the sampling number (i.e. sampling interval = averaging period / sampling number).
•
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n The number of samples must be 2 , where n < 7 (i.e. number of samples = either 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64...).
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•
n The sampling period must be m 2 , where m > 0 and n < 7 (i.e. sampling period = m number of samples, m being greater than or equal to 1).
These restrictions allow MegaVision to report highly accurate measurements. You have four configuration options for port and hub gauges: 1. Enable/Disable a gauge. 2. Change existing gauge parameters. 3. Delete an existing gauge (disable it). 4. Reset counters - resets to zero all counters for this gauge (at the hub or port level, depending on the user’s selection).
Hub Gauges At the hub level you may create gauges for: •
Good Bytes, Good Frames, Bad Frames, Collisions (SX-102, SX-101)
•
Good Bytes (SX-122, SX-112, SX-124, SX-114)
Figure 107. Hub Gauges Configuration 174
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Values shown are default values. Note that the hub module number is displayed in the title bar. Enter this window by clicking on the desired hub module, then clicking the Hub Gauges Config button. This window has the following options: Add/Edit Gauge Adds a gauge, or edits the selected gauge’s parameters. You may also double-click on the desired gauge. This operation opens the window shown below. Delete Gauge Deletes the selected gauge (disables it). Reset Gauge Resets the selected gauge’s counters to zero.
Figure 108. Add/Edit Gauge Pushing the Add/Edit Gaug button e opens the configuration window for that gauge. Values shown are the default values. Use the pull down menus to assign the desired gauge type and number of samples. When you are done, choose OK to add the gauge. Cance lreturns you to the previous window, without assigning a gauge. 0216
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Port Gauges At the port level you can create gauges for Good Frames, Collisions, Short Frames, CRC Errors, Alignment Errors, Long Frames, AutoPartitions, Bad Frames, and Late Collisions. 1. Use the pull-down menus to select the desired gauge type and number of samples. The other fields may be modified as needed. 2. Press OK when you are finished configuring the gauge and wish to add it.
Figure 109. Port Gauges Configuration Values shown are default values. Note that the Hub and Port numbers are shown in the title bar. Since this is a SX-111 hub, only three port gauges may be assigned. This window has the following options: Add/Edit Gauge Adds a gauge, or edits the selected gauge’s parameters. Delete Gauge Deletes (disables) the selected gauge.
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management Reset Gauge Resets the selected gauge’s counters to zero. Clicking the Add/Edit Gaug button e opens a window functionally identical to the Hub Gauge configuration window shown on the previous page. The only difference is that both the hub module number and the port number are displayed in the title bar.
Graphs Please refer to the Using Graphic Support section in Chapter 2 for instructions on using graphs. You can view line or speedometer type graphs. Data may come from hubs or ports, for a total of four different hub graphs. You can select the following graphs from the Perform menu item, or from the Hub or Port Configuration windows.
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Hub Statistics Graphs (Hubs) This window shows the counters at the hub level. You can choose different hubs to monitor by using the pull-down Hub# menu. Enter this window by clicking on the NBase-Xyplex logo of the desired hub, then selecting Hub sunder the Hub Perform section or via the Perform menu. The data presented in this window updates at each polling interval. You can select another hub in the left-hand column of the window.
Figure 110. Hub Statistics Graphs (Hubs)
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Hub Statistics Graphs (Counters) This window shows counters at the hub level. You can set the desired counter type with the pull-down menu. The data presented in this window updates at each polling interval.
Figure 111. Hub Statistics (Counters) Note that this stack has three hub modules. Enter this window via the Perform menu, or by choosing Cnt sin the Hub perform section in the Hub Configuration window.
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Port Statistics Graphs (Ports) This window shows counters at the port level. Enter this window via the Perform menu or by selecting Ports in the Port Configuration window. The data presented in this window updates at each polling interval.
Figure 112. Port Statistics Graphs (Ports) You can select a different port via the pull down-menus. You can choose a different port to inspect. The information in this window is updated with each polling interval.
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Port Statistics Graphs (Counters) This window shows counters and information at the port level. Unlike Port Statistics Graphs (Ports), you can view only one type of data at a time, but all ports are displayed simultaneously. You can choose a different type of data to inspect. The data presented in this window updates with each polling interval.
Figure 113. Port Statistics Graphs (Counters)
Downloading New Hub Software The system software in the master hub can be updated as newer versions are released. The download can be done either in-band or over an RS-232 (SLIP) cable. There are two different download procedures: one to upgrade a hub, and one to recover a non-functioning hub. 0216
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Regular Download 1. If you wish to upgrade the software in an otherwise functional hub, choose this option by: a)
Selecting the icon of the desired hub stack, then choosing Agent Download for N-Hu from b the Control menu item or
b)
Selecting Agent Software Downloa from d the Control menu item in the Hub Stack window.
2. A confirmation screen appears. After reading it, press OK to continue. Or, select Regular Downloa from d the Download menu to open the Download Device Firmware window.
Figure 114. Download 3. Press the Detec tbutton to continue. MegaVision will determine the appropriate software to download into the selected hub stack (the version will be displayed in the Download File window which will open after you hit the Detec tbutton).
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NBase-Xyplex 10Mbps Hub Management 4. Verify that this is the correct stack by checking the Device IP Address field. IMPORTANT Once the download has started, DO NOT interrupt it for any reason as the hub stack may become permanently damaged!
Figure 115. Download in Progress This window shows a download in progress. Note that you lose communication with the device. Once the download is complete, connection icon will look like this:
Figure 116. Connection Icon and you can resume operations with the device.
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Recovery Download Use this option if the device is not responding correctly. Instead of choosing Regular Downloa from d the Download window, choose Dead Hub Recovery instead. Before you attempt a recovery download, verify that the flash memory is bad by cold-starting the hub and checking the LED pattern for this particular hub (refer to the manual that came with the hub).
Figure 117. Recover Device Firmware Verify that the Device IP Address and Device MAC Address are correct. If not, enter the correct values. As with the previous download procedure, do not interrupt a download in progress.
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Chapter 6 NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management
This chapter covers the operation and management of NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps hubs at the stack, hub, and port level.
System Management MegaVision contains a variety of tools to monitor and manage the NBaseXyplex line of 100Mbps stackable hubs. As with NBase-Xyplex switches, you can monitor and control individual devices from the port to stack level. Current hub information is easily displayed via text and two different types of graphs, allowing interactive control of managed devices. Any changes in configuration will not take effect until the Supervisor clicks the OK button and exits the configuration window. Depending on the polling interval, changes might not be displayed immediately in MegaVision. You can configure hub stacks at three levels: Stack, Hub (module), and Port. All three levels are explained below.
Device Descriptions - 100Mbps Hubs The NBase-Xyplex MegaStack 100 is a high-speed 100Base-TX/FX stackable hub system which brings Fast Ethernet performance to missioncritical and bandwidth-intensive applications. The MegaStack 100 system is composed of the following components: SX-1012TX - 12 TX port hub SX-1012TX/FX - 8 TX + 1 FO port hub SX-1022 - Network management module SX-1032 - 10/100 bridge downlink 0216
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Each SX-1012-TX hub consists of twelve RJ-45 ports connected over twopair CAT 5 UTP cabling through RJ-45 connectors, as well as an optional FO port (MMST) on the SX-1012-TX/FX hub. The hub's modular, stackable design provides total expandability by creating a single high-speed backplane scalable to 14 managed or 15 unmanaged hubs high. This configuration enables a total of 168 managed Fast Ethernet ports or 180 unmanaged ports. With no switches, jumpers or installation software required, the MegaStack 100 is operational within minutes. The optional SX-1032, 10/100 bridge allows complete Plug-and-Play drop-in placement of 100Mbps technology into existing 10Mbps networks. Because the hub shares the same frame format and medium access control mechanisms as 10Base-T Ethernet, migration to Fast Ethernet requires minimal additional training. The hub stack is considered a "single repeater" for network configuration purposes, and maximizes the number of ports per repeater hop as outlined in the Fast Ethernet specification. Use of the hub's uplink port allows two hub stacks to be cascaded without any special cables. This provides up to 358 unmanaged or 334 managed Fast Ethernet ports in the largest available 100Base-T collision domain. The optional SX-1022 management module provides port level network management, and is required if you want to manage your 100Mbps hub stack with MegaVision. The port LEDs diagnostics provide status information on link integrity and partition; power and collision LEDs allow for gauging network load at a glance. The MegaStack can be easily mounted in a standard 19" rack using the provided rack-mounting kit.
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Using MegaVision with 100Mbps Hubs There are many shortcuts in MegaVision. Often, you do not need to use the menus to access the desired window. This section will show you some of these shortcuts, and some general explanations. Often, the easiest way to modify something is to click on it, which will bring up its configuration window.
Figure 118. SX-1022 Management Module
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management All information presented in the previous window will update each polling interval. For example, if a port has activity since the last polling interval, its LED will be green instead of blue. The “Ether” icon above the Nex t button indicates that In-Band Management is being used, and that there is communication with the device. If there is no communication, a red disconnected wire will be shown instead (for example, if you perform a software reset of the hub stack). In general, any modifications you perform on a hub stack are not sent until you push the OK button.
Stack Configuration Window The Stack Configuration window contains basic stack configuration. 1. Enter this window by selecting the Stack Confi option g in the Config menu on the desired hub stack. You can also click on the “NBase/Xyplex Networks” logo on the SX-1022 Management Module image (on page 187).
Figure 119. SX-1022 Stack Configuration 188
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management The Stack Configuration window contains the following information: IP Configuration This section allows you to change the IP Address, Net Mask, and Gateway addresses. If you enter an IP address, make sure that there are no other devices on your network with the same address. If you enter a new IP address, remember to also change the IP address using the Describe menu item for this device, or you will lose SNMP communication with it. Physical Address Displays the MAC address for this hub stack. IP Mapping Enable This check-box allows you to enable or disable the MAC address to IP address mapping function. This allows MegaVision to determine the IP addresses of the stations which are connected to this hub stack. You may see the IP addresses in the Hub Ports Table Window (accessible via the Hub Configuration window) or the Config menu item. The Port Configuration window and the Port Intrusion Control window also show this information. The IP addresses of switches and hubs connected to this stack will not be shown. Age Time This value determines how long the last mapped IP address will be stored in the stack without being updated before it is reset to 0.0.0.0. SNMP Security If you have SNMP security enabled, the last illegal user’s IP address will be displayed, along with the community string used by that IP address. The Enable Authentication Traps check-box allows you to enable/disable stack generation of standard SNMP authentication Traps (see below). You may jump to the Trap Receivers window from this section via the Trap Receivers button. Enable Authentication Traps Enable/disable SNMP standard authentication traps from the stack (see above). OutOfBand You can enter parameters for out-of-band communication here (dial string and baud rate).
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management Stack Statistics You can jump to these graph windows: Stack Statistics and Counters, by clicking on the icons in this section. This window shows statistics at the stack level. Thresholds (Gauges) You can jump to the Thresholds Configuration window for this hub stack via this button. Trap Receivers You can jump to the Trap Receivers config for this hub stack via this button. Agent Download You can enter parameters for a remote in-band agent software download via TFTP. See the Downloading New Hub Software section for more information. Remote Boot file Name The default is d100h.cfg, which will be correct. Agent Image Load Mode Use Remote mode for an agent download. Normal is for a local download. Boot Server IP Enter the IP address of the station that contains the Boot File. This will normally be the station that is running MegaVision. Boot Protocol Select between TFTP or BootP + TFTP 2. Clicking on OK in the Stack Configuration Window sends the changes (if any) to the stack, but most of them go into effect only after a reset.
Downloading New Agent Software Into The Hub Stack To download new agent software into your hub stack (using the agent software included with your release of MegaVision) follow these steps: 1. Set the Agent Image Load Mode to remote. 2. Set the Boot Server IP to the IP address of the station that is running MegaVision. 3. Set the Boot Protocol to TFTP only. 190
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management 4. Run your TFTP server application, set its default directory to \ mh100, where is the path to MegaVision. 5. Press OK and follow the directions on the screen.
Trap Receivers Window In order to receive Traps from the MegaStack, the IP address of the computer running MegaVision must be stored in the MegaStack. You may add IP addresses via the Trap Receivers window. Enter this window by selecting Config: Trap Receiver onsthe desired hub stack or via the Stack Configuration window. You may assign up to four such IP numbers to a MegaStack. The Trap Receivers window is shown below:
Figure 120. Trap Receivers Click on Add Receive to r add an IP number, Edit Receive to r change an existing number, or Delete Receive to r remove a highlighted number.
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Hub Configuration Window Information presented in this window is relative to the selected hub module. Enter this window by clicking the NBase-Xyplex logo on any hub in the stack, or by selecting Hub Config in the Config menu. Check the hub number to make sure that this is the hub you want to modify.
Figure 121. Hub Configuration This window represents Hub Configuration for hub #12. You can change the hub number via the pull-down menu in the Hub Number field. Stack Name The name of this stack is displayed. The Supervisor may enter a new name by selecting Identify in the Modify main menu item. Hub Type The hub module type is displayed. Hub State The current hub state is displayed. Ports Table Opens the Hub Ports Table window, which displays information about the ports in this hub module. See the Hub Ports Table section for more information. Security Intrusion Control Opens the Hub Security Configuration window. For more information, see that section. Hub Reset This performs a hardware reset of this hub module. Do this only if you are having trouble with this hub module. 192
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management Hub Disable/Enable The Supervisor can enable or disable the selected hub module. NOTE: Do not perform this operation on the highest numbered (bottom) hub module in your stack our or you will lose communication with the hub stack. The partition LEDs will only illuminate if a port has auto-partitioned, not when you manually disable one. No changes will be sent to the hub stack until you press the OK button. Hub Number You may select another hub in the stack to configure. Only valid numbers will be accepted. Hub Performance (Hubs/Cnts) Takes you to the Hub Statistics Graphs and Counters Graphs windows. See those sections for more information.
Port Configuration Window Information presented in this window is relative to the selected port. Enter this window by clicking the desired port on the hub stack image, or by selecting Port Config in. the Config menu for the desired hub stack.
Figure 122. Port Configuration
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management In this window, the hub and port numbers are displayed in the window title bar. Port Type The port type is displayed (RJ45-TP / FOIL). Link Status The link status is displayed (connected/disconnected). Auto Partition Displays the autopartition status (autopartitioned / non-autopartitioned). Jabber Status Displays the jabber status. Last User IP address Displays the last IP address to access this port. To enable this function, enable IP-mapping via the Stack Confi option g in the Config menu item. Last User MAC address Displays the last MAC address to access this port. Port Enable/Disable Enables or disables (isolates) this port. NOTE: If you disable a port, the partition LED will not illuminate. This LED illuminates only if a port has auto-partitioned. No changes will be sent to the stack until you press OK. Port Performance (Ports/Counts) Takes you to the Port Statistics Graphs (ports) and Counters Graphs (ports) windows; see those sections for more information. This information can also be displayed graphically. Port Security Intrusion Control Takes you to the Port Security Intrusion Control window; see that section for more information. Port Number You can select another port on this hub module via this pull-down menu. Only valid numbers will be accepted (i.e. you cannot choose port #10 on the 9 port TX/FX hub).
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Security Intrusion Control Window NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps hubs support security intrusion control. With this feature, you may monitor unauthorized access to specific ports on the hub and take appropriate measures. Security intrusion control also displays which MAC addresses are accessing what ports. You may also assign aliases to specific MAC addresses, easing identification of that address.
Hub Security Intrusion Control Window NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps hubs support security intrusion control. With this feature, you may monitor unauthorized access to specific ports on the hub. Security intrusion control also displays which MAC addresses are accessing what ports. A variety of intrusion actions are available, including autopartitioning a port when unauthorized access occurs. You may also assign aliases to MAC addresses, easing identification of that address. Enter this window by selecting Hub Security Config... from the Config menu option.
Figure 123. Security Intrusion The menu bar displays the stack name and the hub module number. To edit the security information for a port, press the Edi tbutton. 0216
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management This window contains information about the Security Table contents for this hub. If a port has a security entry, it is presented in this table. The Supervisor may add, edit, or delete a security entry for any port on the hub. Entries have the following parameters: Port # Self explanatory. Add a port with the Ad d button. Legal User MAC Address Displays the legal MAC address for this port. If any other MAC address accesses this port the Intrusion Action (see below) is performed. Last User MAC Address The last MAC address to access this port. Intrusion Action The action to be taken upon intrusion. Valid options are: Disable, Partition port, Send trap, Partition port & Send trap, Send trap + Page Administrator, Partition & Trap & Page. The Page feature is not currently supported. You can edit the last three fields by pressing Edi ;t this opens the Port Security Intrusion Control window, described in the following section. The Intrusion window supports the following operations: Add Adds a port to the security database. Edit Edits a port’s parameters. The highlighted port will be edited. You can also double-click on the desired port to edit it. Delete Highlight the port you wish to delete from the security database, then click Delet eto remove it from the security database.
Port Security Intrusion Control Window You can configure and enable security entries for a port via the Intrusion window. Enter this window by either double clicking on the desired port in the Hub Security Intrusion Control window (described in the previous section), or by clicking Port Security Intrusion Contro in thel Port Configuration window. 196
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management Valid options for this window are: Port Number You can jump to another port on the hub module with this pull down menu. Only valid port numbers are accepted. Legal User Mac Address You can enter a MAC address here. This becomes the legal user MAC address for this port. Once the Supervisor enters an alias for the MAC address (in the Legal User Alias field), you can enter only the alias in any other MegaVision window and the corresponding MAC address is filled in for you. Or, you can enter the MAC address and its assigned alias will also automatically appear. You can also assign MAC addresses and aliases in the Switching Database or Alias Manager windows (the Switching Database window is not available if you do not have a switch with a learn table on your network). If any other MAC address accesses this port, the assigned Intrusion Action is performed. Intrusion Action Described on the previous page.
Figure 124. Port Security Intrusion Control
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management You can add an alias to the Legal User Alias field and choose an Intrusion Action from the pull-down menu. The Last User Mac Addr, Last User Alias, and Last User IP Addr fields update with each polling interval.
Thresholds (Gauges) Table Window You can use thresholds to define a limit for various counters (set by the Supervisor). Once a threshold exceeds its limit, it triggers an alarm and the device sends a trap to MegaVision, and performs whatever action you have assigned. Thresholds provide a mechanism to define limits for statistics counters at the stack, hub, or port level. A threshold may be set to report exceptional conditions that may cause network problems, such as too many bad packets from a user-defined source (a hub or specific port). Thresholds therefore allow real-time notification of various conditions defined by the Supervisor, helping you to quickly locate network problems. Other actions, described below, may also be assigned. By default, no thresholds are initially assigned. Up to 16 thresholds may be defined per MegaStack. You will have to determine what is an exceptional value for your particular network configuration. First, determine what the normal operating ranges are, then set the thresholds accordingly.
Figure 125. Thresholds
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management Enter this window by selecting Thresholds Config.. in. the Config menu. You can also press the Threshold button s in the Stack Configuration window. Note that the name of the hub stack is shown in the window title bar. Two thresholds (and responses) have been defined for this hub stack. Click the Add Threshol button d to open that window (shown below).
Figure 126. Add Threshold Threshold parameters are: Target Stack, hub, or port level counters. Hub Number Enter the hub number if you are adding a threshold at the hub or port level. Port If you are at the port level, choose which port to inspect. Subject (of Counter) You may select from Good Frames, Too Longs, Runts, Alignment Errors, FCS Errors, DRM Errors, Short Frames, Collisions, Late Collisions, Auto Partitions, and Bad Frames.
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NBase-Xyplex 100Mbps Hub Management Value Enter a value in packets/sec. Interval Enter a polling interval in sec. Condition You may select how the action is triggered. Rise will trigger the action whenever the threshold exceeds its value. Fall does the opposite. Rise & Fall will trigger the action when the threshold exceeds then falls beneath its value. Action You may select which action to take when the threshold is triggered. Valid options include: Send Trap, Partition the port, Partition & send trap. Future versions of MegaVision will be able to page a beeper number in conjunction with these actions.
Downloading New Hub Software The system software in the SX-1022 can be updated as newer versions are released. The latest versions can be found on ftp.nbase.com. The download can be done either in-band or over an RS-232 (SLIP) cable. Open the Stack Configuration window and follow these directions: 1. Set the Agent Image Load Mode to remote. 2. Set the Boot Server IP to the IP Address of the station that is running MegaVision. 3. Set the Boot Protocol to TFTP only. 4. Run your TFTP server application. Set its default directory to \ mhu100 , (where is the path to the MegaVision directory). 5. Press OK, follow the instructions on the screen.
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Appendix A Running On Other Platforms
The following section describes how to install and use MegaVision on the HP OpenView for Windows and the Novell NMS platforms.
Using HP OpenView for MS-Windows The following directions describe how to install a MegaVision for HP OpenView for MS Windows. Following that are instructions for adding a device, which is necessary before you can access the device with MegaVision.
Installing MegaVision on an HP OpenView for MS-Windows Platform Before you install MegaVision software, you must have MS-Windows and HP OpenView for MS-Windows, version 7.1 or higher installed on the management station. Then use the following procedures. 1. Place the MegaVision for HP OV CD in the CD drive. 2. Under the MS-Windows Program Manager (or File Manager), go to the disk1 folder and run SETUP.EXE. This is a standard MS-Windows installation.
Running MegaVision On An HP OpenView for MS-Windows Platform 1. When the software has completed the installation, select the OpenView group in the Program Manager window.
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Running On Other Platforms 2. Run the HP OpenView application. MegaVision starts automatically.
Defining a New Device with HP OpenView 1. Select Add from the Edit menu. The Add window opens.
Figure A-1. HP OpenView Main Map 2. Select Components in the pull-down menu. Scroll down the icon window until the required device icon appears (in this case, SX-215). Choose the icon representing the device you wish to add. (The cursor changes shape.) 3. Drag and drop the device icon to the HP OpenView map window. The device icon is added to the map and a MegaVision Describe window opens. See “Adding a Device” and “Modifying Device Settings” in Chapter 3 for additional information. 4. Click OK to return to the HP OpenView main window. 202
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Running On Other Platforms A submap with the newly defined device icon displays. The device icon in the submap is colored, according to HP OpenView color codes to reflect the current device status.
Figure A-2. HP OpenView SubMap From this point on, the windows are as described for the MegaVision standalone version, with the exception of the submap window. To open the device main window, double-click on the device icon. For more information on running HP OpenView, refer to the HP OpenView user manuals.
Using Castle Rock SNMPc Network Manager for MS Windows If you have SNMPc or one of the products you may use MegaVision for SNMPc to manage all the supported different vendors devices from one platform. SNMPc version must be 4.0 or higher. There are some Network Management products, that are based on SNMPc e.g:
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Running On Other Platforms •
Fibronics InterView/Win
•
Intel LANDesk Network Manager.
MegaVision works with both products. SNMPc (or LANDesk or InterView/Win) must be installed before MegaVision.
Installing MegaVision for SNMPc 1. Place the MegaVision for SNMPc CD in the CD drive. 2. Under the MS-Windows Program Manager (File Manager or Windows Explorer) run SETUP.EXE. Follow the instructions. This is a standard MS-Windows installation.
Running MegaVision for SNMPc After MegaVision installation, it starts automatically when SNMPc starts. 1. Open a new map. 2. Add some devices to the map or do SNMPc Autodiscovery. When adding manually make sure that the "Icon" field equals "AUTOICON”, “Type" field equals "Agent" and "Exec" field equals "auto.exe" (please see Figure A-3 below). SNMPc automatically assigns the correct icons to the MegaVision devices. 3. Double-click on the devices to open MegaVision device windows.
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Figure A-3. An SNMPc map You can manage NBase and other devices. IMPORTANT If you are using SNMPc support for HP OpenView: Do not install MegaVision for SNMPc. Use MegaVision for HP OV instead. After MegaVision for HP OV installation, all MegaVision devices will be managed by MegaVision. All others will be managed by SNMPc.
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Using Cabletron Spectrum 4.0 for Windows NT MegaVision can function as an application for Cabletron Spectrum 4.0 rev. 1 and higher, running on Windows NT 3.51. This section contains important information about running MegaVision and managing NBase-Xyplex devices on the Spectrum platform: •
Pre-Installation Notes
•
Installing MegaVision
•
Running MegaVision
•
Receiving SNMP traps from MegaVision Devices
•
Troubleshooting
Pre-Installation Notes You must install MegaVision on every Windows NT machine which is supposed to run SpectroGRAPH. Any Spectrum user planning to use MegaVision must have Full Control permissions to the MegaVision directory tree. Please check that you have enough disk memory. 20MB is required. Verify that Spectrum is correctly installed on your Windows NT machine: 1. Go to the command prompt 2. From the prompt type: echo %SPECROOT% The Spectrum directory path appears. Usually it is: C:\ WIN32APP\ Spectrum, but there are possible other values like c:\ progra~1\ spectr~1
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Running On Other Platforms
Installing MegaVision 1. Reboot your Windows NT machine. 2. Login as Local Administrator. 3. Place the MegaVision install CD in the CD drive. 4. Under the Windows NT Program Manager (or File Manager), go to the disk1 folder and run d:) SETUP.EXE. 5. Follow the instructions on the screen. The installation process puts a “MegaVision Close” icon into the Spectrum Program Group. Normally this icon is not used. Use it ONLY if you want to close MegaVision. (e.g. to free the memory)
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Running MegaVision
Figure A-4. Spectrum Main Map 1. Start SpectroGRAPH. 2. You may use Spectrum Autodiscovery or manually add new NBaseXyplex devices to Spectrum views. IMPORTANT When adding manually, please use GnSNMPDev Model Type. NBase-Xyplex Switches are represented by “SNMP BRIDGE” images, NBase-Xyplex hubs are represented by “SNMP HUB” images. Navigate to the desired view and click on the image which represents any NBase-Xyplex device to make the image current. 208
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Running On Other Platforms 3. Click on the right mouse button to open the Spectrum Icon Submenu. Find the MegaVision item and select it there. The first time you do this, the “MegaVision Started!” Window-Message appears. After clicking on OK, the MegaVision Device Window with real-time status LEDs appears. MegaVision automatically recognizes the device type. If the SNMP device is not recognized, the MegaVision Generic SNMP Device Window opens. If you navigate to any other device and select the MegaVision item, the MegaVision Device window opens immediately. This is because MegaVision is already running.
Receiving SNMP Traps From MegaVision Devices To receive traps from NBase-Xyplex switches you DO NOT need any additional configuration. SPECTRUM Alarm Manager shows all standard SNMP traps. If your intention is to manage NBase-Xyplex switches under SPECTRUM, you may skip the rest of this section. For NBase-Xyplex 10MB and 100MB hubs to receive security intrusion control and threshold traps you must do some additional configuration steps to Spectrum. (Control Panel => Configure => SNMP Traps) Please refer to the Cabletron How to Manage Your Network with Spectrum user guide for details. To do this you will need some additional trap details which can be found in: \ mibs\ ah1020.mib, ah1022.mib ah1024.mib (for 10MB hubs) and \ mibs\ mhub100.mib (for 100MB hubs). When you configure SPECTRUM SNMP Traps, please note that the Model Type Name for NBase devices is GnSNMPDev.
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Troubleshooting Read this section only if you experience problems with MegaVision running under Spectrum If You Cannot Find The “MegaVision” Item In The Icon Submenu After MegaVision Installation: 1. Check that the current image represents an SNMP device. The “MegaVision” item should not appear within non-SNMP devices. 2. In the DOS prompt or SpectroSHELL prompt, change your working directory to \ SG-Support\ CsIib\ GnSNMPDev directory, ( is a Spectrum directory) There are three ASCII files if interest there: Large.Bas, Small.Bas, The.OPR You may view/edit them using any DOS editor or the “vi” editor under SpectroSHELL. These files should contain the following string: Script.Act(0,0, Script(“MegaVision”,0x117a7,0x1006e,0x10024,0x1027f,0x10 071,0x110c4)) The string should appear in the end of every file before “} ” string. 3. Compare the files to the same files in the MegaVision directory.
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Running On Other Platforms If You Have Problems Starting MegaVision From The Spectrum Icon Submenu: 1. In the SpectroSHELL prompt change your working directory to: /SG-Support/CsScript ( is a Spectrum directory) These two files must be present: MegaVision and sendspec.exe 2. If these files do not exist, follow these commands to create them in that directory: cp /exe/sendspec.exe Support/CsScript cp /megavisi.scr Support/MegaVision
/SG-
/SG-
If you have problems viewing devices front panel (e.g. the sizes of the modules are not correct and you cannot see all the modules) or some data screens seem misaligned, please change these Windows Settings: Change “Control Panel”/”Display”/”Settings”/”Font size” to “Small Fonts”.
Using Novell NMS for MS-Windows Before you install MegaVision make sure that you have installed the following items: •
Novell NetWare Client for MS-Windows.
•
Novell NetWare Management System (Novell NMS), version 2.0 or higher.
Install MegaVision on the Novell NMS platform by running A:SETUP. 0216
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Setting Up You must perform a few set-up operations before you start working with MegaVision.
Introducing a New Device Type “Lano” to the Novell NMS Database You must perform this operation once after installing MegaVision. 1. Start OLF Introducer (Standard Novell NMS application) from MSWindows Novell NMS Group. 2. Open (“introduce”) the LA_LANO.OLF file from the \ NMS\ OLF directory. 3. Close the OLF Introducer application.
Setting Up the Novell NMS Database to Work with MegaVision Objects This operation must be performed once after introducing a New Device Type “Lano” to the Novell NMS Database: 1. Run Novell NMS. 2. Select Utilities/DataBaseUtil from the main menu bar. The Standard DataBase Utility Application opens. 3. Select Enumerate Objects/DBEnumWorlds from the DataBase Utility menu. 4. Select the desired world. If you do not have one, select Misc/DBAddWorld and add your world. You only need to enter the world name. 5. In the DBEnumWorlds dialog box, choose Add Network and add your network. You only need to add the network name. 212
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Running On Other Platforms 6. In the DBEnumWorlds dialog box, select your world and choose List Networks. This opens a List Networks dialog box. 7. In the List Networks dialog box, choose Add Segment and add your segment. You only need to enter the segment name. 8. In the List Networks dialog box, select your network and choose List Segments. 9. A List Segments dialog box opens.
Setting Up a Segment to Work With MegaVision You must perform this operation once for every segment that is supposed to contain MegaVision objects. The purpose of this operation is to create the first MegaVision object (box) in the segment. 1. In the List Segments dialog, select the desired segment and choose Add Box. Add your Box. (You only need to enter the name of the box.) 2. In the List Segments dialog, select the your segment and choose List Boxes. A List Boxes dialog opens. 3. Select your newly created box and press Functions. A Function List dialog opens. 4. In the Function List dialog, press Add. A Function Details dialog opens. 5. In the Function Details dialog, select Class=Lano, then choose OK. The Lano function is added to the list of functions. 6. In the Function List dialog, select the Lano function and choose Class. A Set Primary function dialog opens. 7. In the Set Primary Function dialog, select Lano. Choose Set, then close the dialog by clicking Exit. The “Lano” type (class) is set to your newly created box.
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Running On Other Platforms 8. Close all the open dialog boxes. Close the DataBase Utility Application. 9. Select the File: Open: Segment Map from the NMS main menu bar. This opens an Open Segment Map dialog. 10. Select your segment and press OK. Your segment map opens. Your newly created “Lano” box appears there. It has the MegaVision icon. 11. Click and highlight the “Lano” box. In the NMS main menu bar, select Configure: Selected Object. Select System Information using the scrolling bar. The Selected Object Configuration dialog opens. In the dialog box, choose Change Icon and select the desired icon for your object. The icon must be one of the MegaVision standard device icons: SX-208, SX-215, or SX-2007. The correct type is set to your newly created object. 12. Close Novell NMS and open it again. Open your segment using the File: Open: Segment Map item from the Novell NMS main menu bar. You must see your object with the correct icon. From this point on you can work with the segment and the object using MegaVision software.
Notes for Working with MegaVision on the Novell NMS Platform
214
•
All map editing operations (Add, Cut, ...) with MegaVision devices must be performed via the “LanoEdit” item in the Novell NMS main menu bar.
•
If you want to see the results of map editing operations, you must close the segment map and open it again. You only need to select the View: Update item from the main Novell NMS menu bar, but usually this item is grayed out.
•
After deleting the last MegaVision device from a segment, you must set up the segment to work with MegaVision again (see the previous notes). Perform the same operation with every newly created segment.
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Running On Other Platforms •
MegaVision starts automatically when you start Novell NMS, but the Login window does not appear on the screen. The Password Required check box in the Options/Password dialog box should not be checked.
•
After you add a MegaVision device to a segment map, you can work with it using MegaVision menu items from the Novell NMS main menu bar. The menu contains the following items: Edit, Monitor, Control, Options, and Help/MegaVision Help Index.
•
You can copy (drag and drop) the device icon to Novell NMS Locational Maps. You can also double-click on the device icon to get the device control panel. You can open various MegaVision dialog boxes via the control panel window. If you want to use some Novell NMS facilities such as NMS polling, Test Connectivity, and trap indications, you must configure the device for Novell NMS.
Configuring a Device for Novell NMS 1. Select the device on a map (Segment or Locational). 2. From the Novell NMS main menu bar, select Configure: Selected Object. 3. Choose Adapter Information using the scrolling bar. The Selected Object Configuration/Adapter Config dialog opens. 4. Choose Edit and enter the desired Model Name, IP address, and/or IPX address. For more information on running Novell NetWare software, refer to the Novell user manuals.
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Running On Other Platforms
Running on UNIX MegaVision UNIX (Sparc Station)
System Requirements To run MegaVision you must have: •
Sparc Station (or X-terminal connected)
•
UNIX (SunOS 4.x/5.x, Solaris 1.x/2.x)
•
X-Windows (X11R5, X11R6, OpenWindows, or other compatible)
If you wish to run HP OV MegaVision version you must also have HP OV installed on your station. Installing and running MegaVision on the UNIX platform (simulation, stand-alone, HP OV version):
Installing MegaVision 1. Enter to your system as a regular user: login: foo Password: bar 2. Create directory you want to place MegaVision. mkdir /home/lan/lan4inst 3. Copy all the contents of the CD to the newly created directory. cd /home/lan/lan4inst cp pcfs/* .
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Running On Other Platforms 4. From this directory, enter: chmod +x inst* inst1 5. After the script is finished, run: inst2 Those scripts install simulation and stand-alone versions of MegaVision. Steps 6 and 7 are required only if you plan to use MegaVision for HP OV UNIX. 6. Become a superuser i.e.: su root Password: 7. Perform one of the following: a) If you have SunOS 4.x/Solaris 1.x, with HP OV NMM 3.3 run: inst31 b) If you have SunOS 5.x/Solaris 2.x with HP OV NMM 4.1 run: inst32 This script makes links with HP OV system directories (that is why you must be a superuser to perform it). Note that you must have HP OV installed on your workstation in order to do this step. Otherwise, you will be able to run only stand-alone and simulation versions of MegaVision.
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Running On Other Platforms
Running MegaVision You may be a regular user to run MegaVision. IMPORTANT Before you run MegaVision, you must set the LAN4HOME environment variable value of the directory you placed MegaVision. i.e.: setenv LAN4HOME /home/lan/lan4inst We recommend adding this line to your .cshrc file so that next time it will be set automatically on login. Be sure to start X-Windows before you run MegaVision (i.e.: xinit). Also note that if your shell is not csh, setting environment variables might have to be done differently. For example, under the Bourne shell (sh and bash) you must enter: export VAR=value To run MegaVision, perform: lan4sm (simulation version) lan4sa (stand alone version) ovw
(HP OV version)
For the stand alone version (lan4sa), in order to receive SNMP traps the superuser must run the MegaVision trap dæmon before running lan4sa. Perform the following commands: su root cd /home/lan/lan4inst dtrapd &
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Running On Other Platforms Please note that the first cd command is required. The trap dæmon must be executed only from the MegaVision directory. If you are not interested in receiving SNMP traps then you do not have to run the trap dæmon. The MegaVision trap dæmon is also not required for HP-OV since HP-OV has one built in.
Stand Alone Version of MegaVision After you run lan4sa (or lan4sm for simulation), the MegaVision Login dialog (as in MS-Windows) appears. Choose the SUPERVISOR option and press OK. The empty MegaVision map appears. MegaVision UNIX stand-alone works exactly like MegaVision Stand Alone MS-WINDOWS. You do not need any other software (like a TCP/IP stack) to communicate with MegaVision devices. Your workstation must be in-band (Ethernet) with the MegaVision devices you want to manage. To check communication, enter: ping XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX (XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX) = IP address of the desired device. MegaVision highlights the device icon in red if there is no communication with it. In order to select another current device (for Identify, Describe, etc) just click on its icon. These are the only differences between the MS Windows and UNIX versions of MegaVision. Please refer to the MegaVision manual for details about this program.
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Running On Other Platforms
HP OV Version of MegaVision You may be a regular user to run MegaVision HP OV version. (Just make sure that your LAN4HOME environment variable has the correct value. If not set it, i.e.: setenv LAN4HOME /home/lan/lan4inst). 1. Perform one of the following: a) The superuser must start the HP OV trap dæmons first. In order to do this after loading UNIX, the superuser must enter: snmpd ovstart (for details about running HP OV UNIX see the HP OV documentation) b) In order to run HP OV itself a regular user must enter: ovw Loading HP OV takes about 2 min. When MegaVision is installed, the MegaVision Login dialog (like in MS-Windows) appears. 2. Choose the SUPERVISOR option and press OK. The current HP OV map appears. The main menu bar should contain MegaVision items (ex: Control, Monitor/Identify, etc).
Adding Devices 1. Select Edit: Add Object from the main HP OV menu bar. The HP OV Add Object: Palette dialog appears. Among all the device types you should see the object you added. 2. Click on the NHDevice icon. NBase device types icons should appear (SX-208,SX-215,SX-2007...).
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Running On Other Platforms 3. With the middle mouse button drag and drop the desired device icon onto the HP OV map. The HP OV Add Object dialog appears. IMPORTANT In the Add Object dialog you may enter only one field: "Label". 4. Press OK after entering a value. MegaVision fills the other fields with the appropriate values. If you decided to enter these values yourself, make sure that the Label and Selection Name fields have identical values. See Figure A-2 for a sample screen shot. 5. After pressing OK, the MegaVision Describe dialog appears. It has the same functions as the MS-Windows versions. 6. Press OK in the MegaVision Describe dialog. The device appears on the HP OV map. MegaVision starts polling the device and paints it with the appropriate status color (green, red, yellow, or purple). 7. Select and highlight the device. 8. Select Monitor: Identify from the main HP OV menu bar. If there is communication with the device (device icon is green), the MegaVision Identify dialog appears. 9. Put the cursor on the device icon and click the right mouse button. The HP OV Symbol pop-up menu appears. 10. Select the Describe/Modify Object item from this menu. The HP OV Object Description dialog appears. Do not change anything in the dialog; just click OK. The MegaVision Describe dialog appears. It has the same functions as the MS-Windows versions. Note that you may open this dialog box via the Monitor: Description: Selected Objects: OK from the main HP OV menu bar. 11. Double click on the device icon. The MegaVision Device Main Window (Panel with LEDs SX-208/SX-215/SX-2007) appears. You can open various MegaVision dialog boxes via this window. See the MegaVision documentation for more details.
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Running On Other Platforms Note that in order to enable some of the HP OV main menu bar items, you must first select a device on the map. MegaVision specific menu items will work only for MegaVision devices (ex: SX-208 / SX-215 / SX-2007 / SX-2012 / MHUB100/ SX-UB).
Figure A-5. MegaVision for HP OV UNIX When adding MegaVision devices, complete only this field and click OK. A MegaVision Describe window opens. You must change the IP Address in the MegaVision Describe window.
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Troubleshooting "unknown keysyms" warnings •
If you have root access: cp XKeysymDB /usr/lib/X11 or cp XKeysymDB /usr/openwin/lib or cp XKeysymDB /usr/X11R6/lib/X11 or cp XKeysymDB /usr/X11R5/lib/X11 depending on the system.
•
If you do not have root access, XKeysymDB's location can be overridden with the XKEYSYMDB environment variable: setenv XKEYSYMDB $LAN4HOME/XKeysymDB
•
XNLSPATH, XFILESEARCHPATH, and XMBINDIR are probably not needed but if you have problems try the following: xnews or openwin: setenv XNLSPATH $OPENWISX-OME/lib/X11/nls X11R5: setenv XNLSPATH /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/nls X11R6: setenv XNLSPATH /usr/X11R5/lib/X11/nls
•
If Motif is installed: setenv XNLSPATH $MOTIFHOME/lib/ setenv XFILESEARCHPATH $MOTIFHOME/lib/%T/%N%S setenv XMBINDDIR $MOTIFHOME/etc/key_bindings
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Running On Other Platforms Also note that if your shell is not csh, setting environment variables might have to be done differently. For example, under Bourne shell (sh and bash) use: export VAR=value •
For Solaris 2.4 / SunOs 2.4 if you have an error message like: ld.so.1 : lan4sa: fatal: dlsym : cant find symbol _nbs_colbars, you will need to install patches for Solaris 2.4 /SunOS 2.4
Patch-ID# 102303-05 Synopsis: SunOS 5.4: POINT PATCH: linker fixes Please visit Sun’s Web Page to download this and other recommended patches.
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Appendix B MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs
The following table describes the LEDs and what they indicate. All supported LEDs that are white indicate no information from the agent (no communication) since MegaVision started. LINK LIGHT GREEN (ON) Link is on. DARK GREEN (OFF) Link is off. FC/FD: (SX-208, SX-215, SX-2007) GRAY (OFF) Half Duplex (according to agent response) YELLOW (ON) Full Duplex (according to agent response) CLSN: (SX-208, SX-215, SX-2007) RED (ON) The Total Collisions Number changed during polling interval. BROWN (OFF) The Total Collisions Number did not change during polling interval. ACT (RCV & XMT for 100Mb ports) The LEDs are LIGHT GREEN (ON), when the appropriate counters change during polling interval. Otherwise, they remain DARK GREEN (OFF). SPD (SX-2012) LIGHT GREEN (ON) Port speed is 100 Mb. DARK GREEN (OFF) Port speed is 10 Mb. COL/FD: (SX-2012) DARK GREEN (OFF) Half Duplex (according to agent response) LIGHT GREEN(ON) Full Duplex (according to agent response)
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MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs
Fast Ethernet Ports Fast Ethernet ports have six status LEDs as illustrated in the 100 Base-TX and 100 Base-FX examples.
100Base-FX Ports All MegaSwitch models
Fiber optics - 100 Mbps (ST connector)
All MegaSwitch models
Fiber optics - 100 Mbps (ST connector)
100Base-TX Ports NBase-Xyplex Switch: SX-2007
Twisted pair - 100 Mbps (RJ45 connector)
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MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs
Standard Ethernet Ports Standard Ethernet ports have four status LEDs as illustrated in the 10Base-T and 10Base-5 examples:
10Base-T NBase-Xyplex Switch: SX-208
Twisted pair - 10 Mbps (RJ45 connector)
10Base-T & 10Base-5 NBase-Xyplex Switch: SX-208/215
Twisted pair - 10 Mbps (RJ45 connector) AUI - 10 Mbps (DB15 connector)
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MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs
Administrative Interface NBase-Xyplex Switch: All models
SLIP - serial (DB9 connector)
MegaSwitch II Ethernet Ports (SX-2012, SX-2015) MegaSwitch IIs have 6 status LEDs as illustrated in the 100Base-TX examples.
100Base-TX All MegaSwitch II models
Twisted pair - 100 Mbps (RJ45 connector)
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MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs
100Base-FX Ports All MegaSwitch II models
Fiber optics - 100 Mbps (ST connector)
GigaBit Ports All MegaSwitch II models
Fiber Optic ST connector
Administrative Interface All MegaSwitch II models
SLIP - Serial (DB9 connector)
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Appendix C Draft Standard
P802.1D-BASE/D0Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges (Draft revision of 802.1D-1990) March 27, 1996 Copyright © 1996 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE/ISO/IEC Standards Draft, subject to change.
Performance This subclause places requirements on the performance of the Bridges in a Bridged Local Area Network and on the setting of the parameters of the Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol. These are necessary to ensure that the algorithm and protocol operate correctly. It recommends default operational values for performance parameters. These have been specified in order to avoid the need to set values prior to operation, and have been chosen with a view to maximizing the ease with which Bridged Local Area Network components interoperate. It specifies absolute maximum values for performance parameters. The ranges of applicable values are specified to assist in the choice of operational values and to provide guidance to implementers.
Requirements For correct operation, the parameters and configuration of Bridges in the Bridged Local Area Network ensure that 1. Bridges do not initiate reconfiguration if none is needed. This means that a Bridge Protocol Message is not timed out before its successor arrives, unless a failure has occurred.
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Draft Standard 2. Following reconfiguration frames are not forwarded on the new active topology, while frames that were initially forwarded on the previous active topology are still in the Bridged Local Area Net-work. This ensures that frames are not duplicated. These requirements are met through placing restrictions on: 1.
The maximum bridge diameter of the Bridge Local Area Network, the maximum number of Bridges between any two points of attachment of end stations.
2.
The maximum bridge transit delay, the maximum time elapsing between reception and transmission by a Bridge of a forwarded frame, frames that would otherwise exceed this limit being discarded.
3.
The maximum BPDU transmission delay, the maximum delay prior to the transmission of a Bridge Protocol Data Unit following the need to transmit such a BPDU arising, as specified in 4.7.
4.
The maximum Message Age increment overestimate that may be made to the value of the Message Age parameter in transmitted BPDUs or to the age of stored Bridge Protocol Message information.
5.
The values of the Bridge Hello Time, Bridge Max Age, Bridge Forward Delay, and Hold Time parameters.
Additionally a Bridge shall not: 1. Underestimate the increment to the Message Age parameter in transmitted BPDUs. 2. Underestimate Forward Delay. 3. Overestimate the Hello Time interval when acting as the Root.
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Draft Standard
Parameter Values Recommended default, absolute maximum, and ranges of parameters are specified in Tables C-1 through C-5.
Table C-1 Maximum Bridge Diameter Parameter
Recommended Value
maximum bridge diameter
7
Table C-2 Transit and Transmission Delays Parameter
Recommended Value
Absolute Maximum
maximum bridge transit delay
1.0
4.0
maximum BPDU transmission delay
1.0
4.0
maximum Message Age increment overestimate
1.0
4.0
All times are in seconds. Table C-3 Spanning Tree Algorithm Timer Values Parameter
Recommended or Default Value
Fixed Value
Range
Bridge Hello Time
2.0
1.0 - 10.0
Bridge Max Age
20.0
6.0 - 40.0
Bridge Forward Delay
15.0
4.0 - 30.0
1.0
Hold Time
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Draft Standard Table C-4 Bridge and Port Priority Parameter Values Parameter
Recommended or Default Value
Range
32768
0- 65535
128
0-255
Bridge Priority Port Priority
Table C-5 Path Cost Parameter Values Parameter Path Cost
Recommended Value
Absolute Minimum
Range
see 4.10.2
1
1-65535
A Bridge shall not exceed the absolute maximum values specified in table C2 for maximum bridge transit delay, maximum BPDU transmission delay, and maximum Message Age increment overestimate. If the values of Bridge Hello Time, Bridge Max Age, and Bridge Forward Delay can be set by management, the Bridge shall have the capability to use the full range of values in the parameter ranges specified in table C-3, with a granularity of 1 second. A Bridge shall use the value of Hold Time shown in table C-3. Bridge shall enforce the following relationships: 2 ´ (Bridge_Forward_Delay – 1.0 seconds) >= Bridge_Max_Age Bridge_Max_Age >= 2 ´ (Bridge_Hello_Time + 1.0 seconds) It is recommended that default values of the Path Cost parameter for each Bridge Port be based on the following formula: Path_Cost = 1000/Attached_LAN_speed_in_Mb/s which gives a default value for Path Cost of 100 for a 10 Mb/s LAN.
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Draft Standard If the values of the Bridge Priority and the Port Priority for each of the Ports can be set by management, the Bridge shall have the capability to use the full range of values in the parameter ranges specified in table C-4, with a granularity of 1. A Bridge shall not use a lower value for the Path Cost parameter associated with any Port than the absolute minimum value specified in table C-5. If the value of Path Cost can be set by management, the Bridge shall have the capability to use the full range of values in the parameter ranges specified in table C-5, with a granularity of 1.
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Appendix D MegaVision For NBase-Xyplex MegaSwitch and MegaHubs Family of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Interconnectivity Solutions MegaVision, NBase-Xyplex SNMP based Network Management System (NMS), provides comprehensive management and control of all NBase MegaSwitch Family of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Switches. Operating on all major NMS platforms, including Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT Client, Novell NMS, and HP/Open View for Windows or UNIX, MegaVision is designed specifically to allow affordable and optimal control of networks containing NBase-Xyplex MegaSwitch Family of products. MegaVision assists the MIS in quickly configuring his network, as well as in detecting network problems, providing device and port control, and offering real-time graphical and statistical display. It gives the MIS/user the simple capability to use the Virtual LAN and Custom Filtering capabilities of the MegaSwitch Family of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Switches.
Specifications Versatility
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•
Full SNMP-based management of NBase-Xyplex MegaSwitch family of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Switches and Hubs.
•
Multiplatform capabilities.
•
User friendly Graphical User Interface, running on MS-Windows (for PCs).
•
In-band and/or out-of-band via SLIP RS-232.
•
Multiple devices are monitored and controlled at the same workstation. 237
MegaVision For MegaSwitch and MegaHubs
Fault Management •
Automatic inactivity discovery of NBase-Xyplex intelligent devices.
•
Configurable immediate visual and sound notification of SNMP alarms/traps.
•
Zoom feature displays the device's image with real-time status LEDs.
Performance Management •
Device/Port performance is displayed in table, graphical form or using speedometers.
•
Performance and traffic monitored over time.
•
Powerful event monitoring using the hubs gauges capabilities.
Configuration Management •
Full display and control of all the devices' features.
•
Virtual LANs graphical setup and display.
•
Hubs gauges control.
•
Adjustable polling interval limits network management overhead.
Security Management
238
•
MegaVision application access security through use of passwords.
•
Two levels of passwords allow monitoring and display only (user) or monitoring, display and configuration of the devices (supervisor).
•
Community string protection.
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MegaVision For MegaSwitch and MegaHubs
MegaVision Platform Specifications MS-Windows Requires a IBM PC 486 DX or Compatible Memory according to the OS requirements (8MBytes recommended). Windows 95, Windows 3.1 or Windows NT Client Winsock compatible services for TCP/IP in-band and out-band (SLIP) Versions:
Standalone:
For Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, or Windows NT
HP Open View:
Version 7.1 or higher
Castle Rock SNMPc:
Version 4.0 or higher
Novell NMS:
2.0 or higher. Requires 16 MBytes of memory
UNIX Requires a SUN SPARC workstation with at least 16MBytes of memory and CG-3 color graphics adapter. SUN OS 4.x/Solaris 1.x or SunOS 5.x/Solaris 2.x X-Windows (X11R6 or Open Windows) Versions : Standalone HP OpenView for X-Windows.
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INDEX regular download, 182 security intrusion control, 170 separate data and management buses, 163 shared SNMP agent, 162 stack configuration, 165 system management, 161 trap managers, 166 upgradability, 163 using MegaVision, 164 UTP and STP, 163
# 100 Mbps Hub device descriptions, 185 downloading new agent software, 190 downloading new hub software, 200 hub configuration, 192 port configuration, 193 security intrusion control, 195 stack configuration, 188 system management, 185 thresholds table, 198 trap receivers, 191 using MegaVision, 187 10Mbps Hub backward compatibility, 163 daisy chaining, 162 device descriptions, 161 downloading new hub software, 181 flexible configuration, 163 gauges, 172 graphs, 177 hub gauges, 174 hub level configuration, 167 hub statistics graphs (counters), 179 hub statistics graphs (hubs), 178 manageability, 162 port level configuration, 168 port statistics graphs (counters), 181 port statistics graphs (ports), 180 recovery download, 184 0216
A Adding a Address, 82 Background Images, 13 Device, 53 Submaps, 58 Adding, Editing and Deleting Learn Table Entries, 82 Administrative Interface, 228 Aging Time, 83 Alarm Notifications, 32 Alarms Configuration Window, 34 Alarms Control Table, 49 Alarms about, 32 Alias Manager, 69 Autodiscovery, 64
B Bar Graphs, 30 Bridge Spanning Tree, 95 statistics, 96 241
Index (continued) C Cabletron Spectrum 4.0 for Windows NT installing, 207 pre-installation notes, 206 running MegaVision, 208 Changing Password Settings As a User Or Supervisor, 10 Collisions Histogram interpreting, 118 Complex Line Graphs, 26 Configuring a Device for Novell NMS, 215 Control Menu Options, 52 Agent Download for N-Hub, 52 Telnet, Terminal, Ping, and FTP, 52 Control Tools, 100 cold reset, 101 frame generator, 103 ping, 102 port mirroring, 105 warm reset, 101 Control Windows about, 16 Custom Filters installing and using, 84
D Defining a New Device with HP OpenView, 202 Deleting an Interface, 57 Deleting Devices, 61 device icons cutting, 60 242
dragging, 60 dropping, 60 pasting, 60 Device Main Window, 13 functions, 14 Device Settings, 57 Modifying, 57 Direct IP Specific Management, 134 Direct IP copy, 158 filter, 154 IP hosts, 156 main menu, 135 management configuration, 136 port configuration, 141 routing table, 152 security table, 147 system configuration, 138 test IPs, 151 VLAN table, 143 Downloading New Hub Software, 181 Draft Standard parameter values, 233 performance, 231 requirements, 231
E Edit/Add VLAN, 145 editing an Alias Entry, 70 Ethernet Performance monitoring, 116 Events Table, 51
F
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Index (continued) Factory Defaults resetting, 94 Fast Ethernet Port LEDs, 226 100Base-FX Ports, 226 100Base-TX Ports, 226 General Device Information, 63 System Information, 74 Generic Devices, 65 Graphic Support using, 17
H History Control Table, 46 History Table, 47 HP OV Version of MegaVision, 220 adding devices, 220
I Installing a Custom Filter, 86 MegaVision for SNMPc, 204 MegaVision on an HP OpenView for MS-Windows Platform, 201 MegaVision on MS-Windows, 1 MegaVision on UNIX and HP-OV UNIX, 2 Interface Monitoring, 36 Utilization, 42 Interfaces Table, 36, 67 InterSwitched Security Virtual LANs, 123 Introducing a New Device Type “Lano” to the Novell NMS Database, 212 0216
IP Configuration, 76 ISVLANs List Box, 126
K Keyboard Shortcuts, 17
L Learn Table, 79 deleting an address from, 83 DestPort, 80 MAC Address, 79 Status, 79 Type, 80 Line Graph Buttons, 23 Grid, 24 Help, 23 Legend, 24 Options, 23 Stop, 23 Line Graphs, 22 Links, 61 Logging In, 7 Login as Supervisor, 7 User, 8
M Main Window, 11, 12 Management Information Base (MIB) Browser, 35 Management Statistics, 98 Manager's Hosts adding, 77 editing, 77 243
Index (continued) removing, 77 MegaSwitch Family of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Switches configuration management, 238 fault management, 238 performance management, 238 security management, 238 specifications, 237 versatility, 237 MegaSwitch G device identification, 129 port configuration, 131 Specific Management, 127 MegaSwitch II Ethernet Ports (SX2012, SX-2015), 228 MegaSwitch II Ethernet Ports 100Base-FX Ports, 229 100Base-TX, 228 administrative interface, 229 GigaBit Ports, 229 MegaSwitch Port Image LEDs, 113 MegaVision Platform Specifications, 239 MS-Windows, 239 UNIX, 239 MegaVision Software Package, 5 Modifying Aging Time, 83
O Open Map Window (Standalone Version), 60 Out-Of-Band Configuration, 77
P Port Configuration 244
duplex, 114 flow control, 114 port select, 114 viewing and changing, 113 Port Graphics Windows opening, 111 Port Information, 109 Port Management, 107 selecting a port, 107 Port Performance monitoring, 115 Port Spanning Tree monitoring, 118 Port Statistics viewing, 74
Q Quick Start, 1
R Receiving SNMP Traps From MegaVision Devices, 209 RMON Statistics monitoring, 120 RMON Support, 43 RMON Group 1, 43 RMON Group 2, 45 RMON Groups 3 and 9, 48 Running MegaVision for SNMPc, 204 MegaVision On An HP OpenView for MS-Windows Platform, 201 MegaVision, 4 on other platforms troubleshooting, 210, 223 Running on UNIX, 216 0216
Index (continued) installing MegaVision, 216 running MegaVision, 218 system requirements, 216
S Scaling Graph Lines (Multiply Coefficients), 27 Security Entry editing, 149 Security Intrusion Control hub, 195 port, 196 security intrusion hub, 170 port, 171 Security Virtual LANs, 89 Setting Up Segment to Work With MegaVision, 213 Novell NMS Database to Work with MegaVision Objects, 212 Shortcut Icons, 12 SNMP Communities, 77 Software Download Parameters, 77 Spanning Tree enabling/disabling, 97 Speedometer options, 19, 20 Stand Alone Version of MegaVision, 219 Standard Ethernet Port LEDs, 227 10Base-T, 227 10Base-T and 10Base-5, 227 Statistics and Graphs per Counter, 40 Interface, 38 0216
Submaps, 57 Switch Configuration, 76 Switches List Box, 126 Switching Database (Learn Table), 78 SX-218 device control, 132 switching database, 133 system information, 129 System Control Windows, 75 System Information, 73 System Management, 71
T Tiling Graphic Windows, 31 Trap Table, 77
U Using Cabletron Spectrum 4.0 for Windows NT, 206 Using Castle Rock SNMPc Network Manager for MS Windows, 203 Using HP OpenView for MSWindows, 201 Using Novell NMS for MS-Windows, 211 setting up, 212 Using Passwords, 9
V Viewing Alarm Messages, 33 Counter as a Single Line Graph, 24 Counter as a Speedometer, 20 Counter Basis, 112 245
Index (continued) Device’s Port Statistics on a Per Port Basis, 111 Multiple Lines on a Graph, 29 Port Statistics, 74 Selected Learn Table Entries, 81 Counter Values of Different Ports for the Same Counter Category as a Line Graph, 28 Virtual Broadcast Domains, 88 Virtual Network adding a LAN, 93 connectivity, 90 deleting a LAN, 94 modifying a LAN, 92 Virtual Networking, 88 Virtual Networks adding and editing, 92 Configuring, 89
W Working with MegaVision on the Novell NMS Platform, 214
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