Transcript
Flowol
Secondary
Tutorial
More Secondary Mimics for Flowol2 These five mimics bring together many aspects of safety and security. The water ‘chutes’ considers safety in a situation familiar to the pupils. It also introduces the idea of monitoring the popularity of the slide. The ‘kitchens’ mimic introduces the way control devices can be used on kitchen equipment to reduce the potential danger. The last two suggested activities might be attempted through a control interface. Monitoring is introduced with the use of a temperature sensor. The ‘alarms’ system of a house considers the security and safety of our homes. A simple model of the system could be constructed and controlled through a control interface. The water ‘flume’ considers the use of safety gates to keep the boats separated in a theme park ride. The ‘jam’ factory uses co-ordinated systems to ensure the safe, smooth operation of an industrial process. To switch inputs and outputs on and off in simulation mode: • Click on the actual item (not the label) on the mimic or • Click on the input or output number in the Small or Large Monitor Window (selected from Windows menu). It is often useful to do this first, so you can see the function of the mimic. To switch a motor on, off and reverse in simulation mode: • Click on the item on the mimic, or letter in the monitor window, with the left hand mouse button to toggle between forward and off, and use the right mouse button [Shift-Click for Mac users] to toggle between reverse and off. To simulate the change in value from a sensor: • Click on the displayed value on the mimic with the left mouse button to increase the temperature or light, and right mouse button [Shift-Click for Mac] to decrease the value. • Or click on the sensor number (button) in monitor windows to alter the reading from its lowest to highest values.
Copyright: Mimics and Instructions-Keep I.T. Easy (K.I.T.E.) 2001 Marketed and Distributed by: Data Harvest Group Ltd., 1 Eden Court, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, LU7 4FY United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0) 1525 373666 Fax: +44 (0) 1525 851638 e-mail:
[email protected] [email protected] http://www.data-harvest.co.uk Page 1
World Wide Web: Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Secondary
Tutorial
Water ‘Chutes’ Mimic for ‘Flowol’
Water chutes can be fun and safe, providing we think before we go.
The water chute has four input sensors to detect the people at different positions along the ride. [Click on one person on the mimic to remove the image of the previous one]. There are three outputs: two for the lights and one for the warning buzzer. Variable ‘n’ is displayed so the number of times the chute has been used can be counted.
Activity 1: Control the red and green lights at the top of the chute to show when the slide is clear and safe for the next person to go. [If inputs 2 or 3 are on, then the slide is still occupied]. Note: When the program is running, click on the people (inputs 1,2,3 & 4) on the slide to simulate their positions and movement on the chute. Activity 2: Sound the buzzer if a person starts to slide before the last person is safely clear of the splashdown pool. Activity 3: Use the sensor (input 3) on the edge of the splashdown pool to count the number of times the chute has been used. Increase the variable ‘n’ each time the chute is used. [This information could also be displayed as a frequency chart. From the Graph menu select ‘Show Graph’, click on the ‘Input frequency’ ‘3’ icon at the bottom of the toolbox to highlight it, and then click on the Graph Window to display it].
Page 2 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Tutorial
Secondary
Possible solutions for the Water ‘Chutes’ mimic Note: when the program is running, begin by clicking on input 3 and input 1 on the mimic.
Water Chute in a Leisure Center Lights
W arning
Counter
Start
Start
Start
Is Input 2 off
Is Input 3 on
Let n = 0
NO
YES
Is Input 3 off NO
YES
Output 2 on 1 off
NO
YES
Is Input 2 on NO
YES
Turn Output 3 on
Is Input 3 off
NO
YES
Is Input 3 on
NO
YES
Output 1 on 2 off
Turn Output 3 off
Let n =n + 1
Page 3 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Secondary
Tutorial
‘Kitchens’ Mimic for ‘Flowol’ Monitor and control the environment in a kitchen to keep it safe. Toaster plug switch . . Input 1 Toaster slide switch . Input 2 Smoke (detector) . . . . Input 3 Kettle push switch. . . Input 4 Kettle water level . . . Input 5 Steam (detector) . . . . Input 6 Moisture detector . . . Input 7 Play mat . . . . . . . . . . Input 8 Freezer sensor* . . . . . Val 1 Toaster . . . . . . . . . . . .Output 1 Kettle . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output 2 Smoke alarm* . . . . . . Output 3 Cooker hood & fan*. .Output 4 Teddy bear . . . . . . . . Output 5 Freezer alarm* . . .. . . Output 6 * labels not shown on mimic. Separate flowcharts can be drawn for each of these activities, which can then be run simultaneously. Activity 1: Turn the toaster (output 1) on for 10 seconds and then turn it off again. The slide switch (input 2) will spring off automatically. The wall switch (input 1) should also be on before the toaster will work. Activity 2: A large amount of smoke from the toaster may lead to a fire. Turn the smoke alarm (output 3) on if there is too much smoke (input 3). Smoke alarms usually turn off when the smoke clears. Activity 3: The kettle (output 2) should only turn on if the water level (input 5) is sufficient, and the push switch (input 4) is pressed. When steam is produced, a temperature switch should turn the kettle off (click on steam above the spout for input 6). Note: The kettle should switch off if it boils dry (input 5 off). Activity 4: The cooker hood and extractor fan (output 4) could be controlled by a moisture detector (input 7). To ensure that the kitchen is clear of moisture, there should be a delay before the fans turn off. Activity 5: The playpen pressure mat (input 8) and a teddy (output 5) could be used to encourage a child to stay on the mat to play and comfort the teddy. [The teddy should start to fuss if the child leaves the mat]. Activity 6: Freezers and refrigerators should stay at a low temperature. If the temperature (val 1) goes above 0 degrees Celsius, then the alarm (output 6) should sound. Note: only activities 5 & 6 are suitable for use with a control interface. Page 4 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Tutorial
Secondary
Possible solutions for ‘Kitchens’ Mimic Toaster
Kettle
Start
Is Input 1 on
Start
NO
YES
Is Input 2 on
Extractor Fans
Is Input 5 on
NO
NO
YES
Start
Start
Is Input 7 on
Is Input 8 on
NO
YES
Is Input 4 on
NO
Play Pen
YES
YES
NO
Turn Output 4 on
Turn Output 5 on
YES
Turn Output 1 on
Turn Output 2 on
Delay 3
Delay 0.3
Delay 10
Is Input 6 on
Turn Output 4 off
Turn Output 5 off
YES NO
Turn Output 1 off
Smoke Detector Start
Is Input 5 off
Fridge Alarm
NO
Start
Delay 0.3
YES
Turn Output 2 off
Is Val 1 > 0
NO
YES
Turn Output 6 on
Is Input 3 on NO
YES
Turn Output 3 on
Delay 0.2
Turn Output 3 off
Turn Output 6 off
Delay 0.2
Page 5 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Secondary
Tutorial
House ‘Alarms’ mimic for ‘Flowol’ Flowol’ Keep your house secure by having an alarm system and automatic lights. Keypad [1,2,3]. . Inputs 1, 2 & 3 [Can be used to activate and deactivate the alarm/light systems].
Bathroom window . . Input 4 Bedroom button . . . . Input 5 Front door mat . . . . . Input 6 Lounge sensor . . . . . . Input 7 Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input 8 Analogue sensor . . . . Val 1 Warning light . . . . . . Output 1 Alarm buzzer . . . . . . .Output 2 Alarm Light . . .. . . . .. Output 3 Floodlight. . . . . . . . . Output 4 Hall light*. . . . . . . . . Output 5 Lounge light*. . . . . . . Output 6 Bedroom*. . . . . . . . . Output 7 Bathroom*. . . . . . . . . Output 8 *not shown on mimic. Activity 1: Use input 1 to ‘set’ the alarm system and indicate this is done by switching output 1 on. The alarm could then be triggered by any of the inputs: 4(off) or 5,6 or 7(on) that then turn outputs 2 and 3 on. [Note: Close the window before setting the alarm]. The alarm should then continue, even if these inputs are switched again, until the alarm is de-activated by pressing input 2 on the keypad. Activity 2: Modify the flowchart so that if input 2 is pressed anytime, the system will de-activate even if the alarm has not been triggered. Activity 3 [Alarm extension]: An alarm often has more impact if the alarm light flashes. This can be done by having separate flowcharts, for the light (output 3) and the buzzer (output 2) that are similar to the first flowchart. [Alternatively the flowcharts for the light and buzzer can be controlled using a variable in the main procedure]. Activity 4 [Alarm extension]: Modify the de-activating part of the alarm procedure so a code (e.g. 2-1-2) needs to be entered on the keypad before the alarm stops. [This could be a sub-procedure]. Activity 5: House security could be improved if an outside floodlight (output 4) comes on automatically when it is dark. This can be triggered by input 8 [the sun] or analogue sensor val 1. Activity 6: The inside lights (outputs 5,6,7 & 8) could be made to switch on and off in a sequence when it is dusk. Use input 8 or the analogue sensor val 1 as a trigger. When away on holiday the sequence would need to start again each evening. [In the solution attached these ‘dusk lights’ are activated by input 3 and de-activated by input 2 if it is daylight]. [Inside lights extension]: Create a few different light patterns so that one night is not quite the same Page 6 as the next. Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Tutorial
Secondary
Possible solutions for ‘House Alarms System’ Activities 1 & 2 Set Alarm
Alarm
Start
Start
Is Input 1 on
Activities 3 - 6
NO
Is Input 1 on
Alarm Light
NO
Is x = 1
Y ES
YES
Sub 1(reset)
NO
Is Input 2 on
Y ES
Turn Output 1 on
Turn Output 1 on
Dusk Lights
Start
Start
NO
Is Input 3 on
Y ES
Turn Output 3 on
Is Input 1 on
Is Input 2 on
NO
NO
YES
Turn Output 1 off
Is Input 4 off
NO
Is Input 2 on
Turn Output 6 on
Delay 4
Y ES
Delay 10
Turn Output 7 on
Let x = 0
Sub 2(lights)
Is Input 4 off
Delay 0.5
Stop
Is Input 8 on
Turn Output 8 on
Delay 3
Delay 5
Turn Output 8 off
NO
Turn Output 5 on
Delay 6
Delay 2
Turn Output 7 off
Turn Output 6 off
Stop
Y ES
Alarm Buzzer
House Security System
NO
Y ES
Turn Output 3 off
Y ES NO
YES NO
Is Input 8 off
Turn Output 1 off
Start
NO
NO NO
Y ES
Is Input 5 on
Is Input 5 on
Is Input 2 on
Y ES
Y ES NO
YES NO
(line drawn manually)
Flood Light Start
Is Input 6 on
Is Input 6 on
Is x = 1
Y ES NO
YES NO
Is Input 7 on
Delay 0.5
Sub 2(lights)
Y ES
Y ES
Is Input 2 on
Light sequence
NO
Y ES
Is Input 8 off NO
Is Input 7 on
NO
Turn Output 2 on
NO
Y ES
Turn Output 4 on
YES
Turn Output 1 off
Output 2,3 on 1 off
Y ES
Turn Output 2 off
Delay 2
Turn Output 5 off
Turn Output 4 off
Is Input 2 on
NO
Let x = 1
YES
Output 2,3 off
Sub 1(reset)
Page 7 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Tutorial
Secondary
The Water ‘Flume’ mimic for ‘Flowol’ Discuss as a group the features needed to maintain safety on a theme park ride. Control gate at start of ride. . Motor a Control gate at top . . . . . . . . . Motor b Control gate to pond. . . . . . . .Motor c Winch motor for belt . . . . . . .Output 7 Camera shutter . . . . . . . . . . . Output 8 Detector at start gate. . . . . . . Input 1 Detector at top gate. . . . . . . . Input 2 Detector near camera . . . . . . Input 3 Detector at finish gate. . . . . . Input 4 Start switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input 5 Light sensor near camera . . . Val 1 Light sensor at end of ride . . Val 2
Inputs 1, 2, 3 & 4 are switches that are triggered as a boat/log reaches a position and are used to detect the location of the boats. Clicking on the faded images of the boats will turn that input ‘on’ (shown by strengthen the colour of the image) and turn the previous one off. Clicking on these inputs in sequence (providing the gates indicate you should) makes it possible to simulate the movement of the boats along the ride. Activity 1: Draw a flowchart to activate the camera (output 8) when a boat is in the correct position. Use either input 3 or val 1. [Note: the next flash should only happen when another boat arrives]. Activity 2: Draw a flowchart to allow a boat to move on into the first section between the start and the top. For this to happen there should be a boat at the bottom (input 1 on), no boat at the top (input 2 off) and the top gate closed. The lower gate should then open (mot a forw) and then stop. The winch-belt (output 7) should pull the boat up until it reaches the top (input 2 on). When the boat is at the top, the lower gate should close (mot a rev) and then stop. You could also add a start button (input 5) to allow the boat to start only when the passengers are ready. Activity 3: Draw another flowchart to allow the boat to move safely from the top control gate to the unloading area at the end of the ride. Activity 4: Draw yet another flowchart to release the boat safely from the unloading area to loading area of the pond. [Note: two boats should be able to operate safely around this ride at the same time]. Extension work: The control of the ride would be even safer if the procedure could check if the gates have closed correctly. The ‘flume-X’ mimic uses pressure switches to act as feedback switches (inputs 6,7 & 8) on the gates, which should be clicked on when the gates close. [The mimic will turn these switches off again automatically when the gates open]. Page 8
Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Tutorial
Secondary
Possible solutions for the ‘Water Flume’ mimic Sub 1(motaOp)
Sub 2(motaCl)
Sub 3(motbOp)
Sub 4(motbCl)
Start
Start
Start gate Turn Motor a fd
Turn Motor a rev
Turn Motor b fd
Turn Motor b rev
Is Input 5 on
NO
Y ES
Delay 1
Delay 1
Delay 1
Delay 1
Is Input 1 on
Turn Motor a off
Turn Motor b off
Turn Motor b off
Is Input 2 off
NO
Stop
Stop
Stop
NO
Is Input 4 off
NO
Y ES NO
Y ES
Stop
Is Input 2 on Y ES
Y ES
Turn Motor a off
Top gate
Is Input 3 off
NO
Y ES
Sub 1(motaOp)
Sub 3(motbOp)
Turn Output 7 on
Is Input 3 on
Water Flume Theme Park Ride Sub 5(motcOp)
Sub 6(motcCl)
Sub 7(flash)
Start
Finish gate Turn Motor c fd
Turn Motor c rev
Turn Output 8 on
Is Input 4 on
NO
Y ES
Delay 1
Delay 1
Delay 0.3
Is Input 1 off
NO
Y ES
Is Input 2 on
NO
Sub 4(motbCl)
Y ES NO
Turn Output 7 off
Camera control Start
Y ES
Turn Motor c off
Turn Motor c off
Turn Output 8 off
Sub 5(motcOp)
Sub 2(motaCl)
Is Input 3 off
NO
Y ES
Stop
Stop
Stop
Is Input 1 on Y ES
Sub 6(motcCl)
NO
Is Input 3 on
NO
Y ES
Sub 7(flash)
Page 9 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Secondary
Tutorial
‘Jam’ Production Line mimic for ‘Flowol’ This example has four different processes: jam filler, lid/labeller, robot arm and conveyor belt. Initially these processes could be controlled by sub-routines. Later the sub-routines should be changed to separate flowcharts for the different processes but linked by variables; i.e. the three manufacturing processes do not start until the conveyor stops, and the three processes must have finished before the conveyor starts again. The Jam Filler: Draw a flowchart subroutine [sub (jam)] to ‘squirt’ jam (output 1) for 1 sec. The jam jar must be in place, jam in the filler (inputs 1 & 2 on) and the temp. (val 1) hotter than 70 0C. The Lid & Labeller: Draw a sub-routine to put the lid and label on the jar (mot c fd, mot c off, mot c rev, and mot c off) but only if a jar is in position (input3 on). [Use a 0.5 sec. delay between stages]. The Robot Arm: Draw a sub-routine controlling the arm. Motor d forward to reach the conveyor and reverse to lower the arm to the ground. Input 4 will indicate if the box is in position. [Alter the procedure to suit your model if an interface is being used]. The Conveyor Belt: Use a sub-routine to move the conveyor forward (output2) for a specified time. Construct a Master program to control these four procedures appropriately. What comments can be made about the efficiency of this factory process and improvements needed? Linking Separate Flowcharts: Delete the master program and change each sub-routine to a flowchart with a ‘Start’ at the beginning. What will now happen when it Runs? The conveyor output 2 needs to be responsive to the other processes. Use the variables ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ for the arm, lid/label and filler, and define them as either ‘1’ or ‘0’ to indicate if each process can start or has finished. The conveyor can then be controlled by all the three variables so that it starts when all the variables are ‘0’ and re-sets them to ‘1’ when it stops. [The exact positions of these variables in the flowcharts might affect the efficiency of the system]. Extension: The conveyor movement should also be controlled. It should move and then stop when the jars are in the correct position [use a position sensor (input 1) on the conveyor]. The Jam Heater: (Output 3) should turn off when the temperature of the jam is about 70 0C. Counting the Jars: The variables ‘n’ and ‘y’ can be used to count the jars in each box and the number of boxes filled. In the solution attached, when 6 jars are placed in a box the process stops and the alarm (output 4) sounds until the box is replaced. Page 10 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
Flowol
Tutorial
Secondary
Possible solutions for the ‘Production Line’ mimic Conveyor
Robot Arm
Start
Is a = 0
NO
Lid & Label
Start
Start
Let y = 0
Is b = 1
YES
Is b = 0
YES NO
Let n = 0
Is Input 3 on
YES
Is c = 0
NO
Is a = 1
NO
NO
Turn Motor c fd
YES
Is Input 4 on
Change Box
Start
Sub 1(reset)
Is c = 1
NO
Is Input 2 on
NO
YES
Is Input 1 on
Delay 0.5
YES
Is Val 1 > 70
Is Input 4 off
NO
YES NO
YES NO
Let x = 1
YES
YES
YES
Turn Output 2 on
NO
Jam
Is Input 4 on
NO
YES NO
Let y = y + 1
YES
Delay 0.7
Turn Motor d fd
Turn Motor c off
Turn Output 1 on
Let n = 0
Turn Output 2 off
Delay 0.5
Delay 0.5
Delay 0.3
Let x = 0
Let c = 1
Turn Motor d off
Turn Motor c rev
Turn Output 1 off
Stop
Jam Heater Let b = 1
Delay 0.5
Delay 0.5
Let a = 1
Turn Motor d rev
Turn Motor c off
Let c = 0
Start
Alarm Start
Is Val 1 > 70 NO
Delay 0.5
Let b = 0
Is x = 1
NO
YES
Turn Output 3 off
YES
Turn Motor d off
Turn Output 4 on
Let n=n+1
Delay 0.3
Is n > 5
Turn Output 4 off
NO
Turn Output 3 on
YES
Sub 1(reset)
Delay 0.3
Let a = 0
Page 11 Flowol
© Keep I.T. Easy 2001
Flowol
