Transcript
OLED Technology and Trends
Alexander Biebel Merck KgaA December 2013
Milestones in the history of Merck Merck is the oldest pharmaceutical and chemical company in the world 1668
1827
Friedrich Jacob Merck (1621-1678) buys the Angel Pharmacy (Engel-Apotheke)
Heinrich Emanuel Merck (1794-1855) starts production on an industrial scale
Corporate structure
Merck Serono
Consumer Health Care
Merck Millipore
Group functions
Performance Materials
Divisions
Merck Group
Performance Materials
Liquid Crystals
Merck has been pioneering the development of liquid crystals for more than 100 years. Today we are the leading global supplier of liquid crystal mixtures for displays (LCDs) in
– LCD televisions – Notebooks and LCD monitors – Consumer electronics such as navigation systems, eBooks, MP3-players, mobile telephones, smart phones, digital frames, advertising space.
Further products:
– OLED1 materials for OLED displays and new large light sources; Reactive mesogens for brightness enhancement, 3D and compensation films for LCDs; Structuring materials for photovoltaics and display applications. Selected applications:
LCD TVs
3D glasses
3D monitors Note:
1
Large-screen televisions
OLED: organic light-emitting diode
Fully developed OLED materials will offer significant USPs for display and lighting Short switching time
Flexible
OLED Materials’ Unique Selling Propositions
• Good Performance • New Design Rules • Processibility
Thin and low power consumption
• Cost Advantage
Source: GE , MOM-GE Conf.
…. Material design delivers advantages to customers in display and lighting
Principle of OLED and LC Organic Light Emitting Diode = Light Generation
Liquid Crystal = Light Modulation
3–6V
Back Light
Back Light
OLED Light Emission Principle Light Cathode
- - -
-
EF
+
+
+ +
+
+
eU EF
-
+ Anode
+ + + Farbstoff oder Polymer
Kathode
-
-
-
-
+
+
-+
-
Anode
+
+
+
3–6 V
-
-
-
LIGHT emission by applying a current, color based on material
Small Molecule OLEDs vs. Solution-based OLED Decives OLED Device on Solution-based Materials
Ba / Al
OLED Device on Small Molecules Materials
Cathode
Cathode
----- -
ETL
+ Emission
Interlayer Conductive Polymer
- - -
EML ~80 nm
IL
5-10 nm
CP
LiF / Al
100-200nm
100-200nm
3–6 V
20 nm
HBL
-+ + + +
++++++
Electron transport
10 nm
EML
Hole Blocking Emission
20-40 nm
HTL
10-20 nm
HIL
~200 nm
5-150 nm
ITO
ITO
Hole transport Hole injection
Singlet vs. Triplet OLED Emitters There are two possible types of emitters (dopants)
Singlet
Triplet
(Fluorescent Emitter)
(Phosphorescent Emitter)
max. 25 % of energy transformed into light
max. 100 % of energy transformed into light
Singlet emitter offer less efficiency
Triplet emitter offer up to 4x more efficiency
Blue color is based on Singlet currently and mid future. Green / Red is based on Triplet (OLED will be able to compete with LCD on power consumption)
Vapor and Solution Based Deposition of OLED Materials Small Molecules – Deposition in Vacuum
Solution-based Materials – Deposition by Coating or Printing Printer Head
Shadowmask
Substrate
OLED - Ink
Polymerbank SiO2 Source TFT
Current Market, Smaller Sizes
ITO
Substrate
Future Application for Larger Sizes
OLED Material Stacks in Devices - Exremly Thin, Superior Design Options!
Human Hair
Cathode 100-200nm
------
ETL
+ - - 3–6 V
20 nm
HBL
-+ + + +
++++++
10 nm
EML 20-40 nm
HTL
10-20 nm
HIL
5-150 nm
ITO
A human hair is about 300 times thicker than the OLED material stack
OLED Encapsulation Requirements are much higher than for other technologies
Merck OLED Technologies R&D Process and Synergies to Locations STRUCTURE
SYNTHESIS
ANALYTICS
PHYSICS
ARCHITECTURE
APPLICATION
FORMULATION
Substrate (glass) Anode Layer (ITO)
INKJET or Evaporation
Multi-step!! SM/ Monomers Polymers
DEVICE
Injection/Transport Layers
Light Emitting Material Layers Cathode Layer (metal)
Customer
Glass
(In Case of Solution Based)
Merck OLED : Products and Technology Range Merck OLED Materials Offering commercial volumes of both, Evaporation Systems & Printable Systems
Evaporation Material • Hole transport materials • Range of triplet emitters
• Respective triplet matrices • Blue singlet emitters with matching hosts. • Electron transport materials
Printable Material • Small Molecule based soluble systems • Range of polymers • With or without Interlayer • Hole Injection materials • Formulations for printing applications
White light from OLEDs
all fluorescent lifetime + _ efficiency plays only minor role for lighting
Cathode Electron transport Blue emission Green or Yellow emission Red emission Hole transport ITO
individual or mixed layers
hybrid (with fluorescent blue) for efficiencies up to 80 lm/W currently state-of-the-art all phosphorescent _ lifetime + efficiency for max efficiency >100 lm/W
Current most prominent approach: stacking Cathode
Cathode
Cathode
Electron transport
Electron transport
Electron transport
Blue emission
Blue emission
Blue emission
Charge generation
Charge generation
Charge generation
Green emission
Yellow emission
Yellow emission
Red emission
Red emission
Charge generation
Hole transport
Hole transport
Red emission
ITO
ITO
Hole transport ITO
... many options
Need for high performance (fluorescent) s-blue , (phosphorescent) t-green /yellow/red subunits as building blocks for white OLEDs
From White OLED to RGBW OLED TV
OLED Actual Developments
Panasonic 4k printed OLED TV
LGD curved OLED TV
SDC curved OLED Mobile Phone
LGD – G Flex
OLED Future
Samsung Mobil Display 0,05 mm dick Aktiv Matrix 4“ 400x272 1:100k 100% NTSC
Philips Fluid wrist display
Samsung Transparent OLED Monitor Prototype
OLED has to have the performance in application and productivity for manufacturer to compete with LC technology Advantages :
Technology needs:
Reduced Bill of material Green technology Vivid, natural colours @ high contrast Platform to enable future flexible displays Displays build to visualize the world as it is
High efficiency materials Long lifetime materials Easy to process materials Material quality and supply chain IP Cooperation between material & device & process manufacturer
OLED TV by LGD, Source : Merck
In certain applications OLED has advantages already if used in a clever way Icons on black background save energy compared to TFT LCD High contrast combined with high resolution gives 3d like picture quality Fast response time allows very good video capability
OLED Media Tablet by OEM: Moto , Source : OLED Info.com
New advantages arising out off the OLED technology will show up soon First prototypes already show the potential Flexibility Transparency Rugged construction 3d & touch integration Plastic Substrate Foldable displays Large high resolution wall screens
Merck OLED
Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit http://www.merck-performance-materials.com
