Transcript
N New d developments l t in i small ll scale l ESP technology t h l
Hans Hartmann, Peter Turowski
Technology- and Support Centre (TFZ), Straubing, Germany (www.tfz.bayern.de) Hartmann p08 B ha 010
Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Content
• Introduction • Current developments of small ESP's for wood combustion and results from tests • Outlook O tl k on filter filt test t t project j t by b TFZ • Test procedure • Conclusions
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Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
German emission directive – Proposed future limitations for room heaters/stoves Requirements for type tests according to 1.BImSchV 1.BImSchV-amendment, amendment, emissions given at 13 % O2-conc. conc. (here: no inspection by chimney sweep shall be required!) Step 1: erected after regulation date
Step 2: erected after 31.12.2014
erected after regulation date
CO [g/m³]
Dust
CO
Dust
[g/m³]
[g/m³]
[g/m³]
Room heaters with flat furnace
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
minimum efficiency [%] 73
Room heaters with filling furnace
25 2,5
0 10 0,10
1 25 1,25
0 04 0,04
70
Heat storage stoves
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
75
Closed fireplaces
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
75
Tiled stoves (flat furnace)
2,0
0,10
1,25
0,04
80
Tiled stoves (filling furnace)
2,5
0,10
1,25
0,04
80
Cooking stoves
3,0
0,10
1,50
0,04
70
Central heating&cooking stoves
3,5
0,10
1,50
0,04
75
Pellet stoves without water jacket
0,40
0,05
0,25
0,03
85
Pellet stoves with water jacket
0,40
0,03
0,25
0,02
90
Furnace type
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State-of-the-art wood furnaces in Germany – Recent measurements from practice oriented trials. Here: total dust and particle sizes Average of 10 to12 measurements (per furnace) using hard and soft wood in the usual moisture range
80 3
mg/Nm 2500 (13 % O2 )
Particle em mission
60
72
>10µm 2,5-10µm 1-2,5µm <1µm
2% 58
3% 2%
6%
2% 4%
50 7%
40
34
30
3% 20
20
5%
12%
89%
26 11%
0%
7%
3% 4%
10
92%
6%
1%
83%
3%
70% 91%
1
96%
0 Pelletboiler
Wood chip boiler
Log wood boiler
Tiled stove
Chimney stove
Heating oil boiler Source: TFZ, unpublished
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Spanner ESP-type (Germany): SFF 20, SFF 50 and SFF 100 Electrostatic precipitator for small scale application • • • • • • • •
Manufacturer: Spanner Re² Re², Neufahrn Neufahrn,Germany Germany Power of boiler: <30 kW, <85 kW and <150 kW Voltage: 15 kV (50 W transformer) Pressure drop: 40 Pa PM PM-emission: i i <10 10 mg/Nm³ /N ³ Automatic cleaning system by vibration (daily) State: field testing of prototypes Prospected price: around 1000,-/1500,- €
4 precipitating pipes with ventilated insulation
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Integrated electrostatic precipitator (by Spanner) on top of pellet boiler
retrofit unit (20 kW)
Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Spanner ESP-type: Large filter version (SFF 50)
Filter entrance (top)
Filter outlet (bottom) Hartmann p08 B ha 010
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Test results with Spanner ESP-type (SFF 20): Particle removal from log wood boiler exhaust fumes PM emissions and removal effiency measured with 30 kW log wood boiler at the TFZ test stand with different wood fuels (unpublished data by TFZ) raw gas
clean gas
removal effiency
150 mg/Nm3 (13 % O2 )
100 93
91
92
90
86
120
82
%
94 85
109
85
85
88
85
80
81
78
PM emission P
90
60 62
60
40 46 39
36
33
30
36
32
26
25
19
16 2
4
5
7
3
9
5
5
6
5
30
28
24
4
3
0
Hartmann
2
0 birch m c=18%
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20
18 4
removal effiency
93
beech m c=14%
spruce, m c=23% norm al logs
spruce, m c=13% unsplit
spruce, m c=13% large logs
Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Test results with Spanner ESP-type (SFF20): Particle size distribution
100
< 1 µm 2,5 - 1 µm 10 - 2,5 µm > 10 µm
Share of particle size
% 80 90%
79%
73%
70
81%
58% 67%
50 40
13%
30 6%
10 0 ESP-status: F l Fuel:
15%
3%
7%
8%
6%
15%
12% 7%
11%
off
7%
on Birch
3% 3% 4%
off
27%
9%
on
Beech
off
10%
on
Spruce w=23 %
3%
7%
19%
off
6% 8%
6%
7% 10%
Hartmann
77%
60%
60
20
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53%
76%
6%
19%
19%
10%
on
Spruce, Spruce round wood
off
on
Spruce, Spruce big logs
Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Ruegg- / K&W-type ESP (Switzerland/Germany): Electrostatic precipitator for small scale application • • • • •
Mainly for wood stoves Min. 1,5 m metal exhaust pipe required Voltage: 20 kV Cleaning by hand El t consumption: Electr. ti 12/3 12/3,6 6W (on/standby) • State: series (Switzerland), field testing (Germany) • Price: Pi around d 1300 1300,- €
Electrode and particle deposition in exhaust pipe
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Particle deposition in exhaust pipe
Photos: Ruegg, Switzerland
Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Ruegg- / K&W-type ESP: Examples of applications Application in living rooms
Application in chimneys Filter insert • Electrode • Thermostat
Feed pipe • Purge air • High voltage
Control module • Contol unit • Ventilator • Electr. supply 230V
Source: Ruegg, Switzerland Hartmann p08 B ha 010
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Test results with Ruegg- / K&W- type ESP Dust reduction by mass
Source: C. Gaegauf, Ökozentrum Ö Langenbruck (Switzerland)
Further conclusion: - Particle reduction by mass is slightly lower than by particle numbers (SMPS) - Separation is largely independent from total dust concentrations Hartmann p08 B ha 010
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APP-type ESP (R ESP, by APP Applied Plasma Physics, Norway): Electrostatic precipitator for chimney-top applications esidential
• • • • •
Mainly for wood or coal stoves and boilers Voltage: not specified Electr. consumption: not specified Price: yet unknown (below 1000 1000,- €) State: field testing of prototypes
Source: APP, Norway Hartmann p08 B ha 010
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Oeko Tube ESP (by OekoSolve AG, Liechtenstein/Switzerland) Electrostatic precipitator for chimney-top applications • • • •
Mainly for wood stoves Max. power output: 35 kW Voltage: not specified Cleaning by hand (chimney sweep ?): first revision after 2 months • Electr. consumption: 20 - 30 W • Price: about 1400,- € • State: series
01 Chimney head 02 Oeko Tube 03 Electrical connection 04 Electrode
Source: OekoSolve, Switzerland Hartmann p08 B ha 010
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Spartherm ESP ("Airbox", Germany) Electrostatic precipitator for living room applications • • • • •
Mainly for wood stoves or fireplaces Max. power output: 15 kW Manual bypass operation Voltage: not specified Cleaning by hand (every 100 hours, using vacuum cleaner) • Electr. consumption: not specified • Price: yet unknown • Ptate: yet unknown
Source: Spartherm, Germany Hartmann p08 B ha 010
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Developing an "electrostatic scrubber" (Project FH Gelsenkirchen/Germany) Scrubber by Schräder Abgastechnik
Load distribution and orientation of electrical field
Test setup for "electrostatic scrubber" pressure reducer
high voltage supply
gauge
nozzle
electrode
liquid collector Source: Prof. R. Rawe, FH Gelsenkirchen, Germany
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Filter test programme by TFZ (starting October 2008) Field test: 10 filters installed in the City of Straubing: 4 x Ruegg/K&W; 3 x Spanner type, 3 x APP-type) ¾ Monitoring of function ¾ Cleaning requirements ¾ Operational errors
Test stand trials: Each filter is tested over 6 weeks semi-permanent operation for ¾ Particle reduction (diluted/ undiluted flue gas) with old&new stove or boiler ¾ Monitoring of function ¾ Cleaning requirements (depositions) ¾ Dust composition changes ¾ Electricity consumption Hartmann p08 B ha 010
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Absolute increase of measured total dust emission after flue gas dilution as function of OGC-emission Evaluation of 95 parallel measurements at a chimney stove and a tiled stove using various wood fuels at different operational modes (wood logs, briquettes, various moisture contents, charging modes and times etc.) y = 5E-05x2 + 0,1078x + 3,5295 R2 = 0,9709 0 9709
Increase of total dust emission iin diluted flue g gas
1400 mg/Nm3 (13 %1200 O2) 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
-200
3 mg/Nm 4000 (13 % O2)
4500
Organic gaseous carbon emission (OGC, (OGC undiluted) Source: TFZ unpublished (2008)
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Particle sampling using dilution tunnel Parameter
Mean value l (from 95 trials)
CO2 , undiluted 4,8 Vol. -% CO 2 , diluted 0,9 Vol. -% dilution ratio 5,7 flue gas temperature, undiluted 262 °C flue gas temperature, diluted 56 °C
Dilution tunnel at TFZ
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Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Open questions on filter test setup
• Testing with/without flue gas dilution? (TFZ: both variants!) • Consideration of any purge air of the filters (relevant for Spanner Spannerand Ruegg-type). ⇒ similar air injection is required for dust sampling before filter (in parallel tests) • Method for flue gas dilution (e.g. partial flow dilution combined with full flow dilution method?) • TFZ TFZ: Partial P ti l flow fl dilution dil ti (2x): (2 ) controlled t ll d air i ratio ti adjusted dj t d tto temperature requirements of <52 °C (acc. to engine standard ISO 8178 ) Hartmann p08 B ha 010
Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Conclusions • Several concepts or products for low cost ESP are currently available for small scale furnaces. • Suitable in-room in room applications are rarely given (chimney based solutions are easier) • Cleaning and withdrawl of precipitated dust is often not mechanized (high manual efforts) • Still only few experimental data and long term experience are available • Internationally acceped testing procedures for ESP need to be developed !
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Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Thank you for your attention !
www.tfz.bayern.de
Hartmann p08 B ha 010
Technologie- und Förderzentrum im Kompetenzzentrum für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
