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Neuroscience Symposium On Brain Tumors

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Welcome to Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 XI Northern Lights Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors Welcome to XI Northern Lights Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors The Scandinavian Neuropathological Society, Odense University Hospital and the University of Southern Denmark welcome you to the XI Northern Lights Neuroscience Symposium, which will be held at Hindsgavl Conference Center in the center of Denmark, 10-13 June 2015. The theme for the symposium is “Brain Tumors” and in line with the tradition, it will be an interdisciplinary meeting. Different aspects of brain tumors will be covered including e.g. neuropathology, basic science, neurooncology and neurosurgery. A pre-symposium course on tumors of the central nervous system will take place before the symposium. At this historic setting, you will find the perfect balance between well equipped facilities, professional planning, and the possibility to relax in tranquil surroundings. Hindsgavl Conference Center is a hotel and conference center with conference facilities that hosts up to 650 participants, and all of this with a grand wonderful park, sea view, hiking trails and the tranquillity and atmosphere of the countryside located right in the middle of Denmark. We look forward to welcoming you to the XI Northern Lights Neuroscience Symposium at Hindsgavl Conference Center in Middelfart, Denmark. We hope that the symposium will provide the basis for future organized collaboration in the brain tumor field. The symposium is open to all doctors, scientists and others working within this field. The symposium will take place at Hindsgavl Conference Center in Middelfart. On behalf of the organizing and the scientific committee Bjarne Winther Kristensen President, Scandinavian Neuropathological Society Organizing committee Bjarne Winther Kristensen, chairman organizing committee, professor, consultant neuropathologist, Ph.D., Department of Pathology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Denmark Henrik Daa Schrøder, professor, consultant neuropathologist, dr. med. sci.,  Department of Pathology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Denmark Eva Løbner Lund, consultant neuropathologist, Ph.D., Department of Pathology,  Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark Ann Mari Rosager, Ph.d. student, Department of Pathology,  University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Denmark Steinbjørn Hansen, consultant, assoc prof., Ph.D., Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Rikke Dahlrot, staff specialist, Ph.D., Department of Oncology,  Odense University Hospital, Denmark Frantz Rom Poulsen, consultant, assoc prof., Ph.D., Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Sune Munthe, Ph.D. student, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Janne Christiansen, secretary, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital Scientific committee Bjarne Winther Kristensen, chairman scientific committee, professor, consultant, Ph.D., Department of Pathology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Denmark Rolf Bjerkvig, professor, Ph.D., Department of Biomedicine and Translational Cancer Research, University of Bergen, Norway Hans Skovgaard Poulsen, consultant, professor, dr. med. sci., Department of Oncology and Department of Radiation Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital and Copenhagen University, Denmark Helle Broholm, consultant neuropathologist, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark 2 ▪ Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 XI Northern Lights - Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors ▪ 3 Fonden for Neuropatologisk Forskning 4 ▪ Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 Familien Hede-Nielsens Fond XI Northern Lights - Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors ▪ 5 Secretariat: Janne Christiansen, Personal ass. to chairman of the symposium Phone: +45 6541 4860 ▪ E-mail: [email protected]   Wednesday 10 June 2015 18.00–20.00 Registration Hindsgavl – a hotel, conference center and restaurant Words can hardly express the beauty and tranquility of the Hindsgavl experience. Time stands still as you soak up the atmosphere of this wonderful place. A unique venue with the inspiring contrasting historic settings and the modern comfortable interior. The setting by the waterfront invites to extraordinary social events 7.00-9.00 Breakfast in the restaurant Oral presentations: ▪ Presenters are kindly asked to make themselves known to the chairmen before the session ▪ Slides should be transferred from USB stick to the computer in the conference room before the session ▪ The total allocated time for each oral presentation is given in the program ▪ Presenters are kindly asked to include time for discussion Poster presentations: ▪ Posters will be on display during the whole symposium ▪ Poster presenters should be available by their posters the first 15 min. of each break during the symposium ▪ Hindgavl will have the needed things to put posters on boards. If you have any special requirements for this, then please contact Andre Fog Jensen, Udvikling Fyn, email: [email protected] Thursday 11 June 2015 8.00-9.00 Registration 9.00–9.15 Opening words Bjarne Winther Kristensen, President of the Scandinavian Neuropathological Society 9.15–10.30 Session 1: Brain tumor classification, diagnostics and biomarkers Chairs: Helle Broholm and Bjarne Winther Kristensen Keynote 9.15-10.00 WHO’s next; towards integrated morphological and molecular classification of Brain Tumors Pieter Wesseling, Nijmegen and Amsterdam, The Netherlands Presentation of selected abstracts 10.00-10.10 FGFR3-positive astrocytomas are characterized by unaltered TP53, higher incidence in females and poor prognosis K Granberg, M Annala, B Lehtinen, J Kesseli, J Haapasalo, H Haapasalo, M Nykter, W Zhang 10.10-10.20 Serum levels of GFAP and EGFR in primary and recurrent high-grade gliomas: correlation to tumor volume, molecular markers and progression-free survival A Kiviniemi, M Gardberg, J Frantzén, R Parkkola, V Vuorinen, M Pesola, H Minn 10.20-10.30 ABCB1 as predictive marker for prolonged survival in patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide A Malmström, M Hallbeck, V Fomichov, P Milos, A-L Hallbeck, C Bratthäll, M Strandeus, A Papagiannopoulou, S Vikingsson, P Söderkvist, M Stenmark-Askmalm, H Green 10.30–11.15 Coffee, posters and exhibition 11.15–13.00 Session 2: Molecular pathology and tumor biology Chairs: Sverre Mörk and Andreas von Deimling Keynote and Patrick Sourander Memorial Presentation 11.15-12.00 Clinical relevance of genomic analysis of gliomas and other brain tumors Kenneth Aldape, Toronto, Canada Presentation of selected abstracts 12.00-12.10 The key EMT markers Slug and Twist are predominantly expressed by pericytes in human gliomas L Mäder, A E Blank, N M Wirsik, D Capper, J Seznec, P Baumgarten, C Zachskorn, J P Steinbach, K H Plate, S Liebner, U Naumann, P N Harter, M Mittelbronn Presentation by Thermofisher 12.10-12.25 Standardized oncomine solid tumor panels for clinical therapy selection utilizing next gen sequencing Steve Glavas, Nærum, Denmark 50 years anniversary talk of the Scandinavian Neuropathological Society 12.25-12.55 Bits and pieces from 50 years of Scandinavian neuropathology Sverre Mörk, Bergen, Norway 6 ▪ Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 XI Northern Lights - Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors ▪ 7 13:00–14.00 Lunch, posters and exhibition 14.00–15.30 Session 3: Tumor microenvironment and biomarkers Chairs: Rolf Bjerkvig and Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas Invited talks 14.00-14.20 Impact of local immunoregulatory genes in controlling gliomas in brain Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas 14.20-14.40 Reciprocal crosstalk between tumor and microenvironment conditions distinct histopathological features in glioblastoma S. Bougnaud, A Golebiewska, A Oudin, O Keunen, P Harter, F Azuaje, S Fritah, D Stieber, T Kaoma, L Vallar, H Miletic, T Sundstrøm, C Herold-Mende, M Mittelbronn, R Bjerkvig, S P Niclou 14.40-15.00 Microglia/macrophages in glioblastomas: implications for therapy response and prognosis M D Sørensen, R H Dahlrot, S Hansen, B W Kristensen Presentation of selected abstracts 15.00-15.10 CD16 positive macrophage intratumor infiltration could interfere with the CD8 immune response induced by dendritic cell vaccine in glioblastoma M A Idoate, I Arana, R Diez-Valle, Echeveste, S Inoges, A López Díaz de Cerio, S Tejada, F Guillen-Grima Presentation by Visiopharm 15.10-15.30 Image analysis in brain tumors Lars Pedersen, Hoersholm, Denmark 15.30–16.15 Coffee, posters and exhibition 16.15–18.00 Session 4: Brain tumor stem cells Chairs: Petra Hamerlik and Bjarne Winther Kristensen Keynote 16.15-17.00 The evolving dynamics of brain tumor stem cells Jeremy N. Rich, Cleveland, USA Friday 12 June 2015 7:00-9:00 Breakfast in the restaurant 9.00–10.30 Session 5: Novel tools for brain tumor classification and target identification Chairs: Eva Løbner Lund and Pieter Wesseling Keynote 9.00-9.45 Methylation analyses and panel-sequencing, novel tools for brain tumor classification and target identification Andreas von Deimling, Heidelberg, Germany Special lecture 9.45-10.05 Molecular testing of gliomas: Practise, pitfalls and perspectives Guido Reifenberger, Düsseldorf, Germany Presentation of selected abstracts 10.05-10.15 Deep sequencing of a recurrent oligodendroglioma and patient-derived xenograft model reveals the clonal evolution of signature gene mutations N D Exner, J A C Valenzuela, K Abou-El-Ardat, H Miletic, P C Huszthy, P Radehaus, L Kaderali, E Schröck, R Bjerkvig, J M Nigro, B Klink Presentation by Illumina 10.15-10.30 Today’s genomic solutions for tomorrow’s cancer breakthroughs Pernille Albertus, Copenhagen, Denmark 10.30–11.15 Coffee, posters and exhibition 11.15–13.00 Session 6: Updates in neurosurgery Chairs: Frantz Rom Poulsen and Gorm von Oettingen Keynote 11.15-12.00 Direct application of therapeutics to brain tumors - the neurosurgical perspective Manfred Westphal, Hamburg, Germany Invited talks 17.00-17.20 Non-metabolic function of phosphofructokinase-1 in glioblastoma maintenance Invited talks 12.00-12-20 Status on 5-ALA fluorescence guided surgery in the management of adult and pediatric gliomas K E Jensen, R D Rasmussen, M K Gajjar, I Gromova, P Gromov, J Bartek, J Skjøth-Rasmussen, J N Rich, P Hamerlik 17.20-17.40 Glioma cells in the tumor periphery have a stem cell phenotype S Cortnum 12.20-12.40 Awake craniotomy - technique - effect - and ethics S K A Munthe, S A Petterson, R H Dahlrot, F R Poulsen, B W Kristensen Presentation of selected abstracts 17.40-17.50 Characterization of invasive behavior of different stem-like glioma cell lines A Schuster, S Bougnaud, A Oudin, S P Niclou 17.50-18.00 Lysyl Oxidase as a potential target for infiltrative growth in glioblastoma L Perryman, A M Høye, T R Cox, L B Singh, H S Poulsen, C Jones, J T Erler 18.00 Barbecue dinner in the beautiful garden of Hindsgavl Conference Center J Brennum 12.40-13.00 Intraoperative MRI in pituitary and brain tumor surgery C Andersen 13.00–14.00 Lunch, posters and exhibition 14.00–15.30 Session 7: Pediatric brain tumors, neuroimaging and radiotherapy Chairs: Kenneth Aldape and Guido Reifenberger Keynote 14.00-14.45 Neuropathology of pediatric brain tumors - towards precision diagnostics and risk adapted treatment stratification Torsten Pietsch, Bonn, Germany Special lecture 14.45-15.05 Particle therapy for brain tumors Morten Høyer, Aarhus, DenmarkFriday 12 June 2015 8 ▪ Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 XI Northern Lights - Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors ▪ 9 Presentation of selected abstracts 15.05-15.15 Assessment of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutational status in cerebral gliomas by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy A. Tietze, G von Oettingen, R Sangill, B Parm-Ulhøi, C Choi 15.15-15.25 In vitro human, spheroid, co-culture model for preclinical assessment of direct application therapeutics to pediatric Brain Tumors D P Ivanov, T L Parker, D A Walker, C Alexander, M B Ashford, P R Gellert, M C Garnett 15.30–16.15 Coffee, posters and exhibition 16.15–18.00 Session 8: Biomarkers, treatment and prognosis Chairs: Hans Skovgaard Poulsen and Steinbjørn Hansen Keynote 16.15-17.00 Relevance of biomarkers for prognosis and treatment of patients with gliomas Wolfgang Wick, Heidelberg, Germany Special lecture 17.00-17.20 Tumor treatment fields: from unconventional to standard therapy Andreas Hottinger, Lausanne, Switzerland Invited talks 17.20-17.40 Clinical variables serve as prognostic factors in a model for bevacizumab response in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme T Urup, K Grunnet, I J Christensen, S R Michaelsen, A Toft, V A Larsen, H Broholm, M Kosteljanetz, H S Poulsen, U Lassen Presentation of selected abstracts 17.40-17.50 Neoadjuvant temozolomide treatment for anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma: a randomized study A Malmström, H S Poulsen, B-H Grønberg, S Hansen, G Stragliotto, T Asklund, B W Kristensen, P Söderkvist, J Rosell, R Henriksson 17.50-18.00 A monocentric phase I clinical trial evaluating the YB-1-dependent oncolytic adenovirus XVir-N-31 in recurrent glioblastoma M Mittelbronn, I Mildenberger, M Wagner, P N Harter, J P Steinbach, P S Holm, L Weise, O Bähr 18.00 Fairytale dinner Saturday 13 June 2015 7:00-9:00 Breakfast in the restaurant 9.00–10.30 Session 9: Gliomas and pituitary adenomas Chairs: Maria Gardberg and Olli Tynninen Invited talks 9.00-9.20 Pathology and biomarkers of pituitary tumors; an update O Casar-Borota 9.20-9.40 Medical therapy of pituitary adenomas: therapeutical implications of histopathological characterization M S Andersen Presentation of selected abstracts 9.40-9.50 Exomes as biomarkers and mediators of the hypoxic response of high grade gliomas H C Christianson, K J Svensson, P Kucharzewska, J Bengzon and M Belting 9.50-10.00 2HG-independent effects of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation in gliomas and glial cells Barbara Klink, Julia Biedermann, Marina Conde, Ralf Wiedemuth, Mirko Peitzsch, Susan Richter, Graeme Eisenhofer, Mirjam Ingargiola, Alexander Krüger, Leoni Kunz-Schughart, Achim Temme, Evelin Schröck, Khalil Abou-El-Ardat 10.00-10.10 On familial risk of multiple cancers: does risk of brain tumor relate genetically to other cancers? J Hjelmborg, L M Mucci, R H Dahlrot, J R Harris, K Czene, T Scheike, R E Graff, S Møller, N V Holm, E Pukkala, A Skytthe, K Christensen, H-O Adami, J Kaprio 10.10-10.20 Glioblastoma stem cells are able to differentiate into neuron-like cells and to establish chemical synapses C P Beier, T Rasmussen, H B Tenstad, J S Aarø, B W Kristensen, D Beier 10.30–11.00 Coffee and posters 11:00 –13:00 Session 10: Preclinical models and novel targets Chairs: Simone Niclou and Michel Mittelbronn Keynote 11.00-11.45 Experimental models for primary and secondary brain tumors Rolf Bjerkvig, Bergen, Norway Invited talks 11.45-12.05 Convection-enhanced delivery of an Auger-electron-emitter: a highly effective therapy in an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model B Halle, H Thisgaard, C Aaberg-Jessen, B B Olsen, J H Dam, N Lang-kjær, S K A Munthe, K Någren, P F Høilund-Carlsen, B W Kristensen 12.05-12.25 VEGFC is a regulator of autocrine VEGFR2 signaling, cell viability and tumor growth in glioblastoma multiforme S R Michaelsen, M K Nedergaard, T Urup, M Villingshøj, A Kjær, L Perryman, J T Erler, U Lassen, H S Poulsen 10 ▪ Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 XI Northern Lights - Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors ▪ 11 Presentation of selected abstracts 12.25-12.35 PME-1 drives apoptosis resistance via HDAC4 in human gliomas A Kaur, M Jumppanen, E Peuhu, S Ahmed, O Raheem, H Haapasalo, J Eriksson, A Chalmers, P Laakkonen, J Westermarck 12.35-12.45 Targeting the tumor matrix as anti-invasive and sensitizing strategy for glioblastoma N Mohan-Sobhana, P Behera, V Bhaskaran, E A Chiocca, M S Viapiano 12.45-12.55 Inhibition of Notch- and EGFR signaling reduces cell viability and angiogenesis in glioblastoma M Staberg, S R Michaelsen, L S Olsen, M K Nedergaard, M Villingshøj, H S Poulsen 13.00–14.00 Lunch and adjourn 14.00–16.00 General assembly of the Scandinavian Neuropathological Society Posters: 1. Hormonal contraceptive use and risk of glioma among younger women: a nationwide case-control study L Andersen, S Friis, J Hallas, P Ravn, B W Kristensen, D Gaist 2. Expression of internal and external domains of EGFR in human meningiomas M B Arnli, S H Torp 3. HCMV infection in tumor cells of the nervous system is not detectable with standardized pathologico-virological diagnostics P Baumgarten, M Michaelis, F Rothweiler, T Starzetz, H F Rabenau, A Berger, L Jennewein, A K Braczynski, K Franz, V Seifert, J P Steinbach, J Cinatl jr., M Mittelbronn 4. The Harlem classification – is it of prognostic relevance? H Broholm, D Scheie, H Dyrbye, L Scherling, E L Lund, H Laursen 5. APNG status in patients with glioblastoma multiforme R H Dahlrot, S Hellwege, S Fosmark, K L Jensen, H Derand, J Lohse, J Hjelmborg, S Hansen, B W Kristensen 6. FGFR4 is expressed in the stromal and tumor compartments of human gliomas of astrocytic and oligodendroglial lineage C H Gjerde, E Mutlu, L W Leiss, H E S Forde, B W Kristensen, M A Rahman, P O Enger 7. Two cases of oligosarcoma with differing survival A Grant, C Turner 8. Characterization of glioblastoma multiforme exosomes V J M Gudbergsson, K J Elbæk, C B Stolberg, L Gurevich, P Hamerlik, A Steensballe, G Christiansen, L Gurevich, L Pilgaard, M. Duroux 9. Estimation of tumor volumes by [11C]MeAIB and [18F]FDG PET in an orthotopic glioblastoma model B Halle, H Thisgaard, S Hvidsten, J H Dam, C Aaberg-Jessen, A S Thykjær, P F Høilund-Carlsen, M K Schulz, C Andersen, B W Kristensen 10. Anemia and migraine with aura as early signs of a primary intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma J M Hansen, V A Larsen, D Scheie, J Skjøth-Rasmussen 11. Lymphocytic immunosurveillance of human brain metastases P N Harter, S Bernatz, A Scholz, P Zeiner, J Zinke, R Beschorner, C Senft, B Bender, J P Steinbach, K-H Plate, J Wischhusen, B Weide, M Mittelbronn 12. Glioma stem cell concept is still far away from entering clinico-diagnostic neurooncology P N Harter, P Baumgarten, J Zinke, A K Braczynski, E Blank, C Zachskorn, E Ilina, K-H Plate, J P Steinbach, J Schittenhelm, M Mittelbronn 13. YKL-40, SSEA-4 and BLBP as possible glioblastoma stem cell markers C B Holst, C B Brøchner, T Urup, J S Johansen, E L Lund, H S Poulsen, K Møllgård 14. The invasive nature of primary GBM cell lines: importance of paracrine signaling N H Humle, L B Thomsen, T Moos 15. Effects of Carboxypeptidase E on glioma „go or grow“ behavior E I Ilina, A Armento, L Jennewein, C Penski, S Zukunft, C Behrends, M W Ronellenfitsch, K Devraj, A K Braczynski, P N Harter, U Naumann, M Mittelbronn 16. PME-1 drives apoptosis resistance via HDAC4 in human gliomas A Kaur, M Jumppanen, E Peuhu, S Ahmed, O Raheem, H Haapasalo, J Eriksson, A Chalmers, P Laakkonen, J Westermarck 12 ▪ Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 XI Northern Lights - Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors ▪ 13 17. Comparison of MGMT methylation pattern in long term and short term survivors 4of glioblastoma H Leske, U Camenisch, M Weller, A Aguzzi, E Rushing, D Zimmermann L1 In vivo modeling of glioblastoma for oncology drug development 18. The frequencies of histopathological features in human glioblastomas – a descriptive study V E Mikkelsen, S H Torp L2 Expression and prognostic potential of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in astrocytomas 19. Evaluation of the possible risk of liver damage from the use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for intraoperative identification and resection in patients with malignant gliomas C Moerck, J Skjøth-Rasmussen 20. Evaluation of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in gliomas: interobserver variability and 4digital quantification L A G Nielsen, J A Bangsø, K H Lindahl, R H Dahlrot, S Hansen, B W Kristensen Posters (late abstracts) C Krona, A-C Hellström, L Elfineh, R Ramashandra, L Schmidt, S Nelander R K Ramachandran, C Aaberg-Jessen, S K Hermansen, B W Kristensen L3 Systematic identification and modeling of drug vulnerabilities in 4glioblastoma initiating cells L Schmidt, P Johansson, S Baskaran, T Kling, L Elfineh, M Häggblad, U Martens, C Krona, B Lundgren, S Nelander 21. Effect of PDE inhibition on cell growth and differentiation in glioblastoma multiforme S Oersted, S R Michaelsen, M Villingshøj, S Yasmeen, H S Poulsen, C Kruuse 22. Cripto-1 levels in plasma: a correlation to GBM tumor volume P Olesen, S Ravn, L Larsen, J P Povlsen, P Sørensen, C Aa Haslund, L Pilgaard, M Duroux 23. Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease – diagnosticing and subtyping of 25 cases A Persson, H Broholm, H Dyrbye, E L Lund, E Lindberg, E Englund 24. EGFR and CMET amplifications in pre- and post-therapeutic glioblastoma tissues N Peter, F Scherz, B Kiesel, F Würtz, A Kiefer, T Brandner, M Preusser, J A Hainfellner, A Woehrer 25. The invasive nature of primary GBM cell lines: importance of paracrine signaling L Pilgaard, K J Elbæk, J M Gudbergsson, A Stensballe, T Moos, V Zachar, R Agger, M Duroux 26. Monophasic low grade brain tumors with neuronal and glial immunophenotype in the 4same tumor cells: how to name such tumors? M Popovic, C L Stokin, J Hainfellner 27. ATRX mutations are rare in pediatric neuroepithelial tumors D Scheie, A M Sehested, K Nysom, L Boegeskov, H Broholm 28. Hemispheric to cerebellar glucose metabolic ratio – a prognostic PET index in 4glioma patients? E A Segtnan, P Grupe, S B Christlieb, J E Pedersen, J O Jarden, A Alavi, P F Høilund-Carlsen 29. Case study of circulating tumor cells for monitoring of glioblastoma patients G Stragliotto, N Souchelnytskyi, C Söderberg-Naucler, S Souchelnytskyi 30. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in recurrent WHO Grade 3 malignant glioma 4patients treated with Bevacizumab and Irinotecan A Toft, T Urup, K Grunnet, I J Christensen, S R Michaelsen, H Broholm, V A Larsen, M Kosteljanetz, U Lassen, H S Poulsen 31. A case of intraparenchymal ALK-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour 4of the brain S Upreti, P Heppner, C Turner 32. Mitosin and survivin in grade II and III astrocytomas R K Varughese, S H Torp 14 ▪ Denmark, June 10-13, 2015 XI Northern Lights - Neuroscience Symposium on Brain Tumors ▪ 15 THE EUROPEAN UNION The European Regional Development Fund Investing in your future