Transcript
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY STERN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MKTGUB.0060.01 (Tisch UC19) New Product Development Professor Bryan Bollinger Updated: 1/26/2014 Class Time: Office: Phone: Email:
TR 9:3010:45 Tisch 912 (212) 9980519
[email protected]
Office hours: Tuesday 11:0012:00, Thursday 3:004:00, and by appointment. Teaching Assistant: Ronak Sheth email:
[email protected] Nature and Purpose of Course This course deals with the challenge of bringing to market elegant and efficient solutions to strong customer needs. This challenge is fundamental in customercentric innovation, and is relevant whether you work for a startup or a large company, whether you sell products or services, and whether your customers are individual consumers or companies. We focus primarily on state of the art frameworks, concepts and tools that have been recently validated by innovative companies. We structure our learning around the following basic steps of the innovation process: 1. Opportunity identification 2. Idea generation 3. Design 4. Testing 5. Launch Required Readings Instead of inundating you with required readings, I have selected only a few that are critical for your understanding of the NPD process. In return, I expect indepth, critical reading and not skimming the material while on the treadmill. To best use our time together in class, I will post lecture slides for you to read ahead of time. This will enable everyone to learn from each other during class time rather than me trying to keep you awake with a song and dance in the front of the room. Required Books Packet of Cases and Articles: Available at the NYU Bookstore.
The packet of cases only include materials not available online through the NYU bookstore to help defray the cost. Links to online materials are in the syllabus. Principles of Marketing Engineering, 2nd ed., by Gary Lilien, Arvind Rangaswamy, and Arnaud De Bruyn (Only about $30 at http://www.decisionpro.biz/products/books/) Other Resources One nice thing about learning about new product development is the wealth of resources available on the subject. Here is a list of some good reads for your edification. To risk a cliche, what you get from the class will depend greatly on how much you are willing to put in. ● Look at More: A Proven Approach to Innovation, Growth, and Change by Andy Stefanovich ● Disrupt: Think the Unthinkable to Spark Transformation in Your Business by Luke Williams ● The Four Steps to Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products that Win by Steven Gary Blank. ● Innovation Tournaments: Creating and Selecting Exceptional Opportunities by Christian Terwiesch and Karl Ulrich ● Why Not? How to Use Everyday Ingenuity to Solve Problems Big and Small by Barry J. Nalebuff, Ian Ayres, and Ian Ayres. ● Winning at New Products: Creating Value Through Innovation by Robert Cooper ● Principles of Marketing Engineering by Gary Lilien, Arvind Rangaswamy, and Arnaud De Bruyn. ● Design and Marketing of New Products, 2nd ed., by Glen Urban and John Hauser. ● New Products Management, 8th ed., by Merle Crawford and Anthony Di Benedetto. ● Will and Vision: How Latecomers Grow to Dominate Markets by Gerard Tellis and Peter Golder. ● Stanford DSchool bootcamp bootleg: http://dschool.stanford.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2011/03/BootcampBootleg2010v2SLIM.p df. Course Material on Stern Web Site A course web site is available on NYU Classes. This site contains the course syllabus. All other important material will be available through Google Docs and will be linked in the syllabus. Guest Speakers One of the elements in the class I have strived to include is a slate of great guest speakers who are experts in different areas of the new product development process. Attendance is required and active listening is encouraged. Course Content and Evaluation Group Project (40%)
The centerpiece of the deliverables in this course is a group project. This is an undertaking you will begin on the first day of class with the formation of product groups, culminating in the presentation of a new product idea to both myself and your classmates. There will be deliverables throughout the semester with a final report and presentation, all of which together will count for 40% of your grade. The project is intended to replicate the entire development process of a new product/service. Please make sure to fully document the development process, including ideas which are not subsequently acted upon. I will be looking to determine how well you were able to identify specific customer needs, delineate a market, translate customer needs into a prototype, define the value proposition, test the concept and outline the launch strategy. In addition, I will gather information from all team members on the relative contributions to the project and use appropriate weighting to arrive at the individual scores. To succeed in the marketplace, an offering needs to meet three criteria as illustrated by the Venn diagram below:
The idea is to prototype, test and iterate until your offering satisfies all three conditions. Your report and presentation should touch on all three areas and provide solid evidence that (1) there is potential consumer demand, (2) you can create value for the company, and (3) the offering is technically feasible. We will have frequent checkins during the course, so that I can provide you with timely feedback on your progress. There will be also several inclass opportunities to solicit input from your classmates. Final Report Guidelines are available here. Individual Assignments (35%) ● ●
Two case writeups (5% each) Select a company you are interested in and propose a growth strategy centered around
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NPD, backing up your arguments with data (you may want to use the RWW framework to organize your thoughts). The report is not to exceed 3 pages. (10%) Conjoint assignment (15%)
Contribution/Professionalism (25%) The best learning experiences occur when students participate actively. You must be prepared to discuss all assigned readings and cases. Your comments should reflect a depth of understanding indicative of thorough analysis (including number crunching) and most often discussions with other students prior to class. You should be prepared to articulate and defend your position when called on to do so. Active participation of all students is required but quality and frequency of comments is more important than duration of each comment. The ability to speak comfortably to a group is a vital business skill. If you are anxious about public speaking, the only way to get better is to practice. The best way to reduce your anxiety is to be thoroughly prepared. These are the elements I will consider in evaluating your participation: 1. Are you a good listener? Active listening is at least as important as speaking. 2. Do you contribute to the learning environment by sharing your relevant business experiences and those you read about? 3. Do your comments show evidence of thorough analysis? 4. Do you ask constructive questions of other students that help to deepen everyone's understanding? 5. Do you distinguish between different kinds of data (i.e., facts and opinions)? 6. Are you willing to share ideas and information in a collegial fashion? 7. Are you willing to test new ideas, or are all comments "safe" (e.g., a repetition of the case facts without new insights)? 8. Are you willing to interact with your classmates to help refine ideas? 9. Do your comments build on earlier comments to advance the discussion or are you merely repeating earlier comments or raising points that do not fit into the current discussion? 10. Do your comments incorporate concepts presented in lectures, readings, and earlier cases? 11. Do you make your points succinctly? Rules of Class Discussion: Be respectful. Putting down legitimate comments (those not intended to be humorous) is unacceptable. Everyone's input, if not repetitious, must be valued and encouraged. Feel free to question or disagree with other students, however, such disagreement must be based on the idea and not the person. Universal respect is the sine qua non of great discussions and great learning experiences. In addition to in class contributions, a Facebook group has been created where you may contribute to your classmates learning by sharing interesting materials and links, http://www.facebook.com/groups/nyusternnpdub/. The membership of the group is public but all posts are private. This forum is for you to post your own innovative ideas, new products or concepts you have seen recently which appealed to you, interesting articles related to NPD, etc. The goal is for the content to spark discussion. Commenting on others’ posts is encouraged (with the same guidelines as the class discussion). Posting is not mandatory but will be accounted for in evaluation of your class contribution. In addition, I will be selecting some of your posts for inclass discussion. Administration
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You should attend all class sessions, complete all readings before class, and hand in all assignments by the beginning of class. Late assignments will be downgraded. Please minimize disturbances during class, i.e., talking, arriving late, leaving early, etc. If you must miss a class, please let me know in advance and then get notes from other students.
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Laptops, tablets, and phones may not be used during lectures and discussions unless needed for a specific activity.
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Students are expected to adhere to the school’s honor code. Please ask me if you have any questions about how the honor code applies to a specific situation. For this class, the most important aspect to be aware of is that the individual assignments need to reflect the work of the student handing them in. For the group projects, I encourage you to discuss them with your classmates both inside and outside of your group.
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No extra credit assignments will be given in this course. Please see me right away if you are concerned about your performance.
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Deviations from the syllabus may be necessary.
Academic Integrity: Integrity is critical to the learning process and to all that we do here at NYU Stern. As members of our community, all students agree to abide by the NYU Stern Student Code of Conduct, which includes a commitment to: ● Exercise integrity in all aspects of one's academic work including, but not limited to, the preparation and completion of exams, papers and all other course requirements by not engaging in any method or means that provides an unfair advantage. ● Clearly acknowledge the work and efforts of others when submitting written work as one’s own. Ideas, data, direct quotations (which should be designated with quotation marks), paraphrasing, creative expression, or any other incorporation of the work of others should be fully referenced. ● Refrain from behaving in ways that knowingly support, assist, or in any way attempt to enable another person to engage in any violation of the Code of Conduct. Our support also includes reporting any observed violations of this Code of Conduct or other School and University policies that are deemed to adversely affect the NYU Stern community. The entire Stern Student Code of Conduct applies to all students enrolled in Stern courses and can be found here: www.stern.nyu.edu/uc/codeofconduct To help ensure the integrity of our learning community, prose assignments you submit to Blackboard will be submitted to Turnitin. Turnitin will compare your submission to a database of prior submissions to Turnitin, current and archived Web pages, periodicals, journals, and publications. Additionally, your document will become part of the Turnitin database. General conduct and behavior Students are also expected to maintain and abide by the highest standards of professional conduct
and behavior. Please familiarize yourself with Stern's Policy in Regard to InClass Behavior & Expectations (http://www.stern.nyu.edu/portalpartners/currentstudents/undergraduate/resourcespolicies/acade micpolicies/index.htm) and the NYU Disruptive Behavior Policy (http://www.nyu.edu/about/policiesguidelinescompliance/policiesandguidelines/bullyingthreaten ingandotherdisruptivebehaviorguidelines.html). Students with disabilities If you have a qualified disability and will require academic accommodation of any kind during this course, you must notify me at the beginning of the course and provide a letter from the Moses Center for Students with Disabilities (CSD, 9984980, www.nyu.edu/csd) verifying your registration and outlining the accommodations they recommend. If you will need to take an exam at the CSD, you must submit a completed Exam Accommodations Form to them at least one week prior to the scheduled exam time to be guaranteed accommodation.
Schedule Overview Module
Week
Tuesday
Thursday
1
27Jan
Introduction
Cancelled (Sickness)
2
3Feb
Needfinding
Interpreting observational data POVs
10Feb
Translating insights into new products
Disruptive Innovation Speaker: Luke Williams
4
17Feb
Prototyping Case: IDEO (case write up due)
Stanford DSchool exercise
5
24Feb
Case: IDEO: Service Design
Evaluation of Opportunities
6
3March
Midterm presentations
Speaker: Jonathan Cedar
7
10Mar
Refining the Product Concept. Case: Sweetwater
Targeting and Positioning
8
17March
Break (company growth strategy due)
Break
9
24Mar
Conjoint analysis, Concept testing
Speaker: Winston She
10
31Mar
Conjoint analysis Case: Greenware
Conjoint analysis Case: Greenware
11
7Apr
Pretest and test markets Sales forecasting for nondurables
Tradeshow
12
14Apr
Sales forecasting for nondurables. Case: Nestle
Speaker: Carey Albertine
13
21Apr
Diffusion
Speaker (during lunch hour): Otto Berkes
14
28Apr
Postlaunch Case: Dropbox
Wrapup
15
5May
Project presentations, 8 AM10:45 AM
no class
3
Session 1: January 28 Topic: Introduction. Objectives: ● Discuss class logistics. ● Discuss the need for innovation ● Explore what makes a good product For this class: ● Read Iridium case: come prepared to discuss it.
Session 2: January 30 Cancelled. Session 3: February 4 Topic: Understanding customer needs. Objectives: ● ●
Learn the fundamentals of empathic design. Familiarize yourselves with methods and techniques for uncovering customer needs.
For this class: ● Sign up for the Facebook group ● Read: Design Bootleg, pg. 15 ● Read: Marketing Engineering, chapter 6 pg. 153158. Session 4: February 6 Topic: Interpreting observational data. POVs. Objectives: ● Explore how the results of observational research can impact product development and strategy decisions. ● Understand benefits of POVs. For this class: ● Read: Design Bootleg, pg. 510. ● Read: Becker, Robert, "Direct Observation: Some Practical Advice", Jump White Paper, Jump Associates, 1999. ● Spend 3045 minutes taking photos or shooting video of people engaging in
entertainment activities. Make notes (bring them to class) about the place and how people are interacting with others and their environment. Session 5: February 11 Topic: Translating insights into a new product Objectives: ● ●
Learn and use different ideation processes. Understand the benefits and challenges of managing open innovation (time permitting).
For this class: ● Read: Needfinding Tools (Stanford DSchool) ● Read (optional): Patnaik, Dev and Robert Becker, “Needfinding: The Why and How of Uncovering People's Needs,” Design Management Journal, 1999. ● Watch: Translating Insights lecture ● Read: Design Bootleg, pg. 1116, 2022, 26 Session 6: February 13 Topic: Disruptive Innovation Objectives: ● Understand the disruptive mindset Guest Speaker: Luke Williams, Frog Design, Berkeley Center Director Luke Williams is an internationally recognized authority on innovation leadership. He is Professor of Marketing and Executive Director of the Berkley Center for Innovation & Entrepreneurship at New York University's Stern School of Business, and a Fellow at Frog, one of the world's most influential innovation companies. Williams is a soughtafter commentator on disruptive innovation, entrepreneurship, and cultural change. He is invited to speak worldwide, and his views are regularly featured in BusinessWeek, Fast Company, The Atlantic, and NPR (National Public Radio). For more information visit disruptivethinking.com
For this class: ● Read (optional): Bower, Joseph L., and Clayton M Christensen, “Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave,” Harvard Business Review, 1995. Session 7: February 18 Topics: Prototyping Objectives: ● Discuss the IDEO way
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Introduce Prototyping as a learning tool.
For this class: Read: IDEO Product Development, Harvard Business School case 9600143. Prepare as a very brief (one page max) case write up: ● How would you characterize IDEO’s process, organization, culture and management? ● Should IDEO accept the Visor project as is (on a dramatically reduced schedule)? Why? Please consider both IDEO’s and Handspring’s perspectives? ● Read (Optional): Schrage, Michael, “The Culture(s) of Prototyping”, Design Management Journal, 1993.
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Session 8: February 20 Topic: New product development process Objectives: ●
Actively explore the new product development process.
For this class: ● Read: Cooper, R., “Perspective: The Stage Gate IdeatoLaunch Process – Update, What’s New, and NexGen Systems”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 2008. ● Read: Ulwick, Anthony, “Turn Customer Input into Innovation”, Harvard Business Review, 2002. ● Read Huston, Larry and Nabil Sakkab, “Connect and Develop: Inside Procter & Gamble's New Model for Innovation”, Harvard Business Review, 2006. ● Read (optional): von Hippel, E., S. Thomke, M. Sonnack, “Creating Breakthroughs at 3M,” Harvard Business Review, 1999. ● Read (optional): Thomke, Stefan and Eric von Hippel, “Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value”, Harvard Business Review, 2002. Session 9: February 25 Topics: Service Design Objectives: ● Discuss ideation methods specific to services For this class: ●
Read: IDEO Service Design.
Session 10: February 27
Topic: Evaluation of Opportunities Objectives: ● Discuss methods for evaluating opportunities. ● Hear about real new product ventures. ● Understand how ventures are assessed by investors. For this class: ● Read: Day, G., “Is it real? Is it worth it? Can we win?”, Harvard Business Review, 2007. ● Read (Optional): Kim, W. Chan, and Renée Mauborgne, “Blue Ocean Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, 2004. Session 11: March 4 Topic: Midsemester presentations Objectives: ● Present your new product ideas to the class For this class: ● Prepare project presentation/reports for the midterm check in. You should have a POV and project concept(s) at this point. Session 12: March 6 Topics: Design. Objectives: ● ●
Discuss design principles Understand the process of starting a company
Guest Speaker: Winston She, VP of Engineering, Pixelberry Studios
Session 13: March 11 Topic: Refining the product concept and features. Objectives: ● Understand how technical choices affect the positioning of a product.
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Get a sense for the tradeoffs faced when selecting product features.
For this class: ● Read: Marketing Engineering, chapter 3 (segmentation and targeting) ● Read: Sweetwater, Harvard Business School case 5699142. Session 14: March 13 Topic: Targeting and Positioning Objectives: ● Discuss role of perceptual mapping and multidimensional scaling in NPD. For this class: ● Watch: Perceptual Mapping lecture. ● Read: Green Ox, Darden case UV0787. ● Read (Optional): Marketing Engineering, chapter 4 (positioning). BREAK!
Session 15: March 25 Topic: Concept Testing, Conjoint analysis: Conceptual Background Objectives: ● Understand the methods of concept testing and conjoint analysis. ● Learn the different methods for customer preference elicitation. ● Get a feel for the merits and limitations of conjoint for product design. For this class: ● Read: Dolan, Robert J., “Analyzing Consumer Preferences”, Harvard Business Publishing, 1999. ● If you had trouble with the positioning material and have not yet read it, read Marketing Engineering, chapter 4. Session 16: March 27 Topic: Social entrepreneurship and product design Objectives: ● Hear about the first hand experiences of a social entrepreneur.
Guest: Jonathan Cedar, founder and CEO of BioLite For this class: ● Read: (Optional) Dolan, Robert J., “Concept testing note”, Harvard Business Publishing, 1989. ● Read: If you haven’t read them yet (or if you need further clarification), read/reread chapters 34 of Marketing Engineering. Session 17: April 1 Topic: Conjoint analysis Objectives: ● Become comfortable analyzing customer preferences using conjoint data. ● Learn how to calculate market shares based on conjoint data. For this class: ● Read: Marketing Engineering, chapter 6, pg 162174 (conjoint) ● Look at the draft of the GreenWare conjoint questionnaire (see file “GreenWare Draft of Conjoint Questionnaire”). Which modification(s), if any, would you recommend? Your suggestions may relate to the format, the content, or any other aspect of the questionnaire. Session 18: April 3 Topic: Conjoint analysis: Application. Objectives: ● Continue analyzing customer preferences using conjoint data. ● Understand how demographic and benefit segmentation is performed and how it can assist managers. ● Bring Laptop to class For this class: ● Read: GreenWare, Columbia case 080517. ● Bring Laptop to next class! Session 19: April 8 Topic: Pretest and test markets. Objectives: ● Learn about pretest and test markets.
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Begin learning about sales forecasting methods.
For next class: ● Read: Marketing Engineering, chapter 5 (forecasting) pg. 144149. Session 20: April 10 Topic: Concept Prototype and Design Review Tradeshow Objectives: ● Update your classmates on your progress ● Make the first “public” presentation of your “proof ofconcept ideas” ● Gather feedback from classmates on your concept design and mockups For this class: ● Provide material for the potential customer to understand your product: ○ Positioning Statement ○ Target Market ○ Salient customer needs ● Prepare your "proofofconcept” sketches, product renderings or early prototypes to clearly communicate your ideas. ● We will spend all of class in a "tradeshow" environment during which you will gather feedback from your classmates and wander around the classroom providing feedback to them. (You may wish to have a minisurvey available for them to complete.) ● Turn in a one page research plan describing how you will gain consumer feedback regarding your product prototype. Session 21: April 15
Topic: Sales forecasting for nondurables. Objectives: ● Learn about common sales forecasting tools for nondurables. ● Discuss the Contadina case. For this class: ● Read: Marketing Engineering, chapter 5 (forecasting) ● Read: Nestlé Refrigerated Foods: Contadina Pasta & Pizza (A) ● Would you launch the pizza? Analysis questions: ● Using the BASES model described in Exhibit 9, forecast the estimated demand (trial and repeat) for the two pizza options under consideration: Pizza and Topping and Pizza Only. Most of the data needed for the forecasting exercise is available in Exhibit 21.
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Hints: ○ In Exhibit 21 there is a big difference between Contadina users and nonusers on the top two box scores. This will affect the forecast depending on what proportions are used for Contadina users vs. nonusers in the population. ○ On p. 14 (2nd to last paragraph), Nestlé’s marketing research department cautions us that parent brand usage could vary from 5% to 25%. It would be worthwhile to judge the sensitivity of the forecast under 5%, 15%, and 25% parent brand penetration scenarios. ○ What do you learn from Exhibits 13, 14, and 15? ○ How does the pizza concept test data (Exhibit 19, 20, and 21) compare to the pasta concept test data (Exhibit 6)? ○ What is your reading of Exhibits 23 and 24?
Session 22: April 17 Topic: Sales forecasting for durables. Diffusion of new products. Objectives: ● Understand the diffusion process of different types of products. ● Get a feel for the dilemmas marketing managers face when trying to forecast the adoption and diffusion of technologyintensive consumer durables. For this class: ● Finish reading Chapter 5. ● Read: Draganska, Michaela, “New Product Diffusion Models” ● Read: Gourville, John T., “Note on Innovation Diffusion: Rogers’ Five Factors”, Harvard Business Publishing, 2006. Session 23: April 22 Topic: TBD For this class: ● Read: Gourville, John T., “Eager Sellers and Stony Buyers: Understanding the Psychology of NewProduct Adoption”, Harvard Business Review, June 2006, Vol. 84 Issue 6, p98106. ● Read: Leslie, Mark and Holloway, Charles A., “The Sales Learning Curve”, Harvard Business Publishing, 2006. ● Read: Clocky case Session 24: April 24
Topic: New product launch distribution and pricing Objectives: ● Discuss the challenges in distribution and pricing ● Explore new product issues for multiproduct firms Guest: Otto Berkes, Senior Vice President of Consumer Technology, HBO For this class: ● ● Read: Marn, Michael V., Eric V. Roegner, and Craig C. Zawada, “Pricing New Products,” McKinsey Quarterly, 2003. ● Read: WSJ Netflix atricle http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014241278873239016045781594327 52905010.html?mod=djem_jiewr_EC_domainid Session 25: April 29 Topic: Launch and postlaunch strategies. Communicating your value proposition. Objectives: ● Understand how best to map product benefits to a marketing plan aimed at conveying those benefits and overcoming barriers to adoption. ● Compare various communication approaches for launching a new product. For next class: ● Dropbox: ‘It Just Works’, Harvard Business School case 9811065. ● Prepare: Dropbox is a late mover into a crowded space – what opportunity did Houston see? When he applied to Y Combinator, what hypothesis did he hold regarding the key elements of Dropbox’s business model? What should Houston do about the decision at the end of the case, i.e. creating a separate version for small and medium sized businesses? What process should he use in making the decision? Session 26: May 1 Topic: Innovative marketing strategies. Wrap up and lessons learned. Objectives: ● Discuss nontraditional marketing strategies. ● Course wrapup. Session 27: May 6
Topic: Project presentations: 8:0010:45 AM. Session 28: May 8 No class