Transcript
t o avoid sharp knocks.
f)Wh e n carry ing the microscope When carry ing the micro scope, ho ld i t s arm with one hand, supporting the bo tto m of th e microscope bJse w i th th e uther . The in str umen t w eighs about 8 kg ,
8
Place for using Avoid t he use of th e m icruscope in a dust y place, where it IS subjec t to ~brat i ons or
exposed to high temperatures, direct sun light.
rY10 lstu re
or
o
Power source voltage
-For E uropean di stricts onl y Make sure of the pow er source voltage, or 240V , bY means of the input voltage change-over switch wh ich is on the
nov
bottom of the microscope base.
o
Exchanging the lamp bulb and fuse
Before replacing ,he lamp bulb (6V-20WI or fu se, turn OF F the power S'VIIitch and disconnect the p lug of t he power source
cord. In such cases as of rep lacement , do not touch the lamp bulb w ith bare hands, im mediatel y after putti ng out the lamp .
o
Dirt on the lens Do not leave dust , dirt or finger mar ks on
th e lens su rfaces.
T hey will p revent yo u from clcar observa
tion o f the specimen im age .
being construct ed o la ke particula r cauti objectives and co nde cause st rain t o t hem.
«;) Fo cus knobs
Never attempt to ad th e r ight - and le ttha tu rn ing the one, while t his m od el mi croscope disorder .
removing finger marks or grease, should soft cotton cloth, lens tissue or gauze lightly moistened with absolute alcohol (methano l or ethanol) be used. For cleaning the objectives and immersion oil use only xylene. Observe su ff icient caut io n in handling alcoho l and xylene.
f) Cleaning the painted surfaces Avoid the use of any organic solvent (for example, thinner, ether, alcohol, x ylen e etc.) fo r cleaning the pa inted surfaces and plastic parts o f the instrument.
@)Never attempt to dismantle! Never attempt to dismantle the instrument so as to avoid the possibility of impairing the opera tional efficiency and accuracy.
O 'When not in use When not in use , cover the instr ument with the accessory viny l cove r, and store it in a placeJree from moisture and fungus., It is especially recom mended that th e objectives and ey epi eces be kept in an airtight con tain er con tai ning desiccant.
o
Periodical checking' To maintain the performance of the instru ment, we recommend t o check the instru ments periodicall y . (For details o f this check, co ntact our agency .)
III. PREPARATION 1. Interpupillary Distance 2. Diopter Adjustment. 3. Optical Path Change-ov Trinocular Eyepiece T 4 . Centering the Objective 5. Centering the Condense 6. Orientation of the Dia-
IV. MICROSCOPY .. 1. Operating Procedure . 2 , Manipulation of Each E 1) Focusi ng 2) Co ndenser aperture 3 ) Field diaphragm. 4) Circular graduated s 5) Objectives
6) Eyep ieces ..
7) Achromat strain-free 8) Bertrand lens 9) 1/4 A & tint plate 10) Dia-polarizer and an 11) Filters. 12) Illumination system V. PHOTOMICROGRAPHY.
VI. ACCESSORIES. 1. 5enarmont Compensato 2. Quartz Wedge 3. Monocular Eyepiece Tu 4. Universal epi-illuminat o 5. Attachable Mechan ical VII . TROUBLE SHOOTING T REFERENCE .
ELECTRIC SPECIFICATIONS
Binocular eyepie Interpupillary distance scale
-
---,
Diopter ring
CF
Bertrand le ns I
Centering nosepiece
----~
CF Achro~m;a~t~P~o~~~~_ ____ (strain~free )
Circular
stage
Circular graduated stage clamp screw Vernier
Achromat strain-fr ee conde nser
Eyepiece tub
Anal vzer rota t Ion ring In term ed iate tube "P" Analyzer clamp screw
Nosep Condenser focus knob
Torque adjustment ring
~
r
Conde Lamp socket
Co Field diaphragm control ring Co V-POL stand
Br
(incl
Bottom of the Base
1111
®
into t he rig ht-hand sleeve. fittin
the pin of the eyepiece in th right-h and no tch o f the sleev Into the left-hand sleeve, inse IheCFW l Ox .
I: G -.
I • .
CF eyepiece
~'=-n-se~'~t~t:':h-e-e':'y-e-p"'ie-c-e-C=-=FWCC-""-=O-X-C:
~~
®
~1~/4~A~&~t_in.:.t.:.p.:.l~at~e____~___
Remove the screw by the side the 1/4 A plate o f the 1/4 A & ti
plate and insert it into t he co
pensator slo t of the in termedia tube "P", facing the posit ioni gr oove t o ward the operator sid Reatwch the removed screw.
Input voltage chan ge-over switch (For Eu ropean districts on ly) sure power source vol (age, 220V or 24 0V. by means of the input vUl wge change-over switch on the bottorn of the ro'icroscopp. bnse.
~C~F~A.:.ch~r~o.:.m ~ ~at~p ~ ~O~b~je=-C~t~iv~e~_
®
Mount the objectives on the nos piece in such p osi tions that the mvgnifying power increases as th nosepiece is revolved clockwise.
Bottom of the Bas8
@I
~
-=S:.cp-=-:::~ eci m:::e~n:::~ c li::.p_ _ _ __
Place the clip on the stage usin g ho les on t he swgc surfClce.
Stage clamp scl'ew - - ---I1JIl
~ 1i~;i~i;~~~~,~m~~~t~;;e~,~t~t~h;e~St~'~g~e~
the circu lar d ovetail o f the su stClge. Clamp the sc rew.
sta
microscope. mnn ip ulJte th ,,,,rl;l"t jng screw at
on~
foot on t he
bottom o f the m icroscope base.
@2
Achromat
condense,
nsen 10 con denscr facin g Ihe apertu re number p late toward the operator. Fasten the clamp screw on the left side of the carrier.
Aperture
nu mber
pl;''', _ _ ____J
ia-p ,-,Ia::.r-,--iz--,-e;.. r - ---.,.----- fl'2'3 -=D-=-:c,---o ~ After centering th e objec t ives and condenser, insert the dia-polari7..er in lO the bottom of the condenser.
(J)
Eyepiece tube
Attach the eyepiece [Ube on the interme
the notch o f the circular dovetai l o n the e
Fasten the clamp screw.
Eyepiece tube clamp screw
®
1
Intermediate tube " P"
Atlach the inter mediate tube "P" u n the a fi lling the notch of the c ir cular d oveta
clamp screw. Fasten the clamp screw.
ntermediate tube clamp screw
Halogen l In se rt the
into the a
socket.
No te: Don fa ce ger.
Power source
® -
@ lL -.:...: Fi':O:: lte'r-_ __
_
Place the filler on the fie ld
tens. q, .. 45
Lamp socket
Insert socket into the re tacle on the rear of the baSE!.
specimen ,
A s shown in Fig . 4 , ad just the interpu pill ary
d istance , so tha t both th e righ t and le ft view fields become o ne,
~~~Jl~
O
t
,I{ Since Ihe CF ey
po int t y pe . it is n putting on his spe Onl y fo ld down th
Fig. 4
2. Diopter Adjustment Ro tate th e d iopter ring on the ey epiece CFW l OX e M until th e cross lines are see n clea r. (Fig 5 ) Diopter ring - - .\
Fig.
4 . Centeri ll9 the O Fi g. 5
(For b inocular obse rva tion) 1) Mount the specime n on th e stage. Swin g the objective l OX into position , an d bring th e specimen image into focus lookin g into the rig h t-hand ey epiece. 2 ) Without manipulating the coarse -and-fine focu s kn ob, turn th e diopter rtng o n the left-hand ey epiece to focus on the speci· men.
Place t he specime on the specirnen. get 10 the center eyep iece, 2) Inser t the cen ler screws o n the nOS 1)
ing too ls so that the center of the cross lines com es to one half position of the disp lace ment of th e target. IF 19. 10)
=4
~L ----
~" Rotate
180·
.-+--- -t
-~~ Target-
-.------
Eyepiece viewfield StOP
A hal' posItIon of the displacement
I:ll
6. Orientation of the D Fig. 10 • Repeat the above procedure two or three times, and the ro tat ion center of the stage coincides with thl;! cross lines center . • Carry out ce ntering for eac:h objective.
15.
1) Plac the specimen on the specimen using obje 2) Set the ana lyzer scale 3)
tube " P" to O. I nsert the dia-po la rize of the co ndenser as sho
Ce ntaring the Condenser Lens
1) Close the field diaphragm in the micro scope base to its smallest site by means of the field diaphragm control ring. Ro tate the condense r focus knob to move the condenser vert ically so that a sharp image of th e f ield diaphragm is forrned on the specimen surface. 2) Bring the field dia phrag m image to the center of the field of view by means of the condense r cen teri ng screws. (Fig 11 -lfl ) 3) Ctlange over to the objective 40x, cmd adjust the field d i"phragm so that th e image of the diaphrag m is about the same as the eyepiece viewf ield stop, as shown in Fig. 11 -~ . If not centered, use t he con denser centering screws again.
Oia-polarizer
4) Remove the eyep iece Observing the exit inside , rotate the dia form a dark cross imag as shown in Fig. 13.
Dark c ross im
1) Turn the brightness control dial power switch) to light the lamp.
(including
2)
Bring the analyzer and the Bertrand lens out of the optical path. (Refer to P. 13 & 14)
3)
Place the specim en on the stage and swing the 10X objective into position. Focus on specimen.
4)
Adjust the interpupillary distance and diopter. (Refer to P. 8)
5)
Place the filter on the field lens.
6)
Carry out the centering objective. (Refer to P. 8)
procedure for the
7) Carry out the centering procedure for the con denser. (Refer to P. 9)
8) Bring the analyzer into the optical path. 9) Swing in the objective to be used and refocus on specimen. 1'0)
Brightness voltage.
IS
adjusted by changing the lamp Table 1 Ortho sco pic microscopy
Top lens o~ co ndenser
lO X or higher 4 X or lower
Aperture
IN IN
OUT OUT
Bertrand lens lO X or higher
70% -- 80% of the numerical aperture of the objective
diaphragm 4 x or lower
lO X or Field
higher
diaphragm
4 x or lo wer
Conoscopic micro scopy
IN Circumscribed the circumfer · enee of the
conoscopic field of view
Fully opened
(or fully opened)
Circumscribed the
Circumscribed
ci rcumference of the eyepie ce field of view
Fully opened
the circum fer·
enee of the orthoscopi c field of vi ew
• The re lation between t he direction of rota· tion o f the focus knobs and that of vertical
movefnent of the stage is as ind icated in Fig. 14.
Size of the condenser ap Torque adjustment ring
• Remove the eyepiece
tube, adjust the Fine focus knob, ----+l~
= • Fig.14 • One rotation of the fine focus knob moves th ~ stage 0.2mm. The graduation on th is f o cus knob is d ivided into 2,um. One rotation of the coarse focus knob moves the stage 4.7mm. • The range of coarse and fine motion is within 30mm: 2mm up and 28mm down from the standard post io n . Tension of the coarse focus knob tightens by turning the torq ue adjustment ring counterclockwise. Never turn the right or left knob wh ile holding the other.
2) Condenser phragm)
aperture
diaphragm
Si78
observing the image which is visible on the pupil of objective inside
(A dia
(1) Orthoscopic microscopy • The condenser aperture d iaph ragm is ,p rovided for adjusting the numerical aperture (N.A.) of the illuminating system of microscope. In general, when it is stopped down to 70 '""-' 80% of the n~~-;P;;t-~ re of the objective, a good image of appropriate contrast will be obtained (F ig. 15)
• When swinging out the denser (for rnicroscopy
objective), fully ope aperture diaphragm. (2) Conoscopic microscopy
• In conoscopic microsc aperture diaphragm wo phragm on the conosc Stop down the diaph extent that it circumscr ence of the field of view image (exit pupil of ob the stray light.
3) Field diaphragm (F diap • The field diaphragm is ing the illuminated are surface in relation to t the microscope. Gene 90wn to such an exte ference of the illumin scribes that of the eye [Note] This diaphragm the field dia
condenser top of the optical the diaphragm
to be fully o numerical ape nator will be diaphragm is down.
• The stage can be cl amped at any position using the stage rotation clamp screw on the vernier .
5) Objectives
• The CF Achromat P objectives (Strain-free) and CF eyepieces adopted in the Nikon POLARIZING MICROSCOPE LABO· PHOT·POL are designed on the basis of a co ncept "C hromatic Aberration Free". In every case use the CF objectives in com bination with the CF eyepieces. (1) Oil immersion objectives (Oil) • Object ive CF Achromat P lOO X (Oil) , an oil-immersion type, is to be immersed in oil between the specime n and front of the objective. To see if air bubbles are present in the im mersion oil, which deteriorate the image quality, pullout the eyepiece from the eyepiece tub e to examine the objective ex it pupil inside the tube. To remove air bub ble s, revolve the nosepiece slightly to and fro several times, apply addit ional oil, or rep la ce the oil. Be careful not t o rotate the nosepiece too far as to soil the ends of the other objectives with oil . • To clean off the oil, pass le ns tissue or so ft cloth moistene d wi th xyle ne lightly two or three times over th e lens. It is essential at this time to av oid touching the lens with the part of tissue or clo th once used. (2) Coverglass • With the objectives engraved "160/0.17", use a cOlJerglass of O.1 7mm in thickness. • The indicatio n--;;-160/-" on the objective means that no matter whether a coverg lass is used or not, no decrease of image defini tion or of co ntrast will result.
objectives,
• By inserting the eye and graduation (CF eyepiece sleeve fittin into the ri ght-hand sleeve , the O·directio dia-polarizer are align direct ion. If the protract or pin right side groove of lines will be aligned w tion of the polari'tal t o • CF PL Projec ti on l designed for photom use them for observa t
• For focus ing with th the trinocular eyepi microg ra phy , use the ing the photo mask.
7) Achromat strain-free • The top lens of th placed in the OPtica scopic and conoscop ed that it is to be objective of 4 X or in use . iNote] For th e ortho lower numen tion w ith th conden ser w mended, ho not effectiv magnificatio of the lowe for the latte lens may r able except surement or observatIon sary to m light flux as the o pti cal the top lens aperture dia
men.
8) Bertrand len. (with the tnno cular eyepier.e tube " TP" or t he b in ocular eyep iece tube "BpI' in use) • Bring the Bertrand lens in tO th e opt ica l path by turning th e BertrEJnd lens ring leftward to observe th e conoscop ic image. (F ig 16)
In the above simu ltaneu the conoscop ic and o r the former image may from th e orthoscopic however, the devi at ed the conoscopic light fl u cent ral p art of the orth
to the extent of about 1/ Bertrand lens
flip -in/out ring
Fig. 16 • The conoscopic view fi eld is as large as about 1/ 4 of the orthoscopic view fi eld. (Fig. 17)
/"
"
/'"
(~
9) 1/4 X & tint plate • Rem ovin g the 1/4 A pla the 1/4 X & tint pla groove fa cing the oper forward into t he co mpen Then sc rew-in t h e abov
Conoscopic image of th is area can be observed
r-- Ort hoscopIc vlewf leld
../ Fig. 17
• The conoscepic image may also be observ ed overlapping on the orthoscop ic image through the binocular observation, one o f the paired eyepieces being rep loccd wi th the accesso ry pin hole eyepiece and with out the Bertrand lens In th~ uPtical path.
(F ig 18)
• Th e tint plate has an center. By pushing it th sensi tive t int p la te (53 into the optical path an the 1/4 X plate is broug
path.
t ion planc coincides with the orientation plate (X-direction for polarizer, V -di rection for analyzer) on the microscope base. (Fig 20) [Note] Some of the reference books or specia l works about polarizing microscope available in the m~rket explain that X-directi on is for analyzer and Y -di rection for polar;7er. -....:;
~
ip
~~(~~ -
/1
~
Orientation plate
Fig. 20 • As the orientat io n of the dia -p olarizer slightly changp.s when centering t he co n denser, check the orientation after center ing the condense r . 0
• The analyzer rotates 180 via the rotat ion ring the left-hand side clamp being releas ed. The rotation angle is readable with accuracy of 0.1 Q via the vernier.
Analyzer clamp Anal yzer rotation ring
in/out knob
Fig. 21
Type 01 f il ter
B (Day light)
Fo
GIF
Fo me
(G reen interference)
12) Illumination system • The oPtical sys tem f LABOPHOT·PO L mi ed to fulf ill th e requirements perfect l uniform field w itho manipulation. • Halogen la fllp 6V-2 is used as a light sou rc
* *
Tr inocular eyepiece tube " TP" CF PL Projer:tion Lens
may result . So, when takin spec im ens, it is recommend e Pola rizing Microscope OP TIP
1. CF PL Projection Lenses The combined use O'f the CF P o bjectives and CF PL Projection lenses is essentiaL For the sa me total magni ficatio n, select a com binat ion of the hiQhest possibl e objecti ve power and lowes t possib le prujection lens power to ach ieve the utmost image de finit ion and
cont rast.
2. Illumination ,) Checking the illumination Unevenness in the il lumination will show up more conspicuous ly in photomi cro graphy than in observation. Consequently. before tak ing a photugraph, recheck the positioning and centerinn of the lamp and the correct adjustment of the co ndenser.
•
2) Selection of voltage and filter The color tempera ture of the light sourCB
var ies with the vo rtage be ing used. Th ere
fore, in co lor photomicr og raphy, the
selection of voltage ano fil ter is essential
(for the result to be obtDinedl.
In color photo microg raphy, set the bright
ness contro l dial to 5.5 , and use NCB10
fi lter.
Depend ing upon the make o f the film,
different color rend itions mD y result. It IS recommended that in additi on to the NCB 10 filter a co lor compen sation fdtcr (CC filte r), avai lable fr om the film manufac turer , be used.
3. Shutter...::l: SIpeed= =-_ _ __ _ _ Desirable shutt er speed s fo r least vibration are 1/4 ""'-' 1/ 15 sec . Adjustment of the imJge bright ness for color photomicrography should be made by means of the NO fi lters. Some specimens require, on ar.count of their
In photomicrography, the f ield d iaphragm is im po rtanr limi ting extran eous li ght wh the m icroscope image. Sto phragm so as to get an illum larger than that of th e pictu ing the aper ture diaphragm, of focus, contrast and reso attainable . Select a size suit Genera ll y speaking, the ape properly Slopped down to aperture of t he objec tive bein
[5.
Focusing
Focusing for photomicrogr with the observation tube eyepiece t ube " TP" or by find er .
1)
For focusing with the M Refer to th e Instructio Nikon Micro flex.
2)
Focusing with the obser For focusing with the ob til e eyep iece inc orp orat i Befo re prorecdlnQ to Cll iar d io pter adjustmen fini shed.
(1)
Insert the eyepiece wit the eyep iece sleeve on th dominant eye, and the into tile other Side sleeve Turn ing the diopter ring cross li nes in th~ mask focus, CJnd then , turn i f ocus kn ob, f ocus the sp the focused surfClce at
CF Photo Mask eyep'l cat ion and other ind yellow, or in white additi on.
image into f ocus, with the objective 4 X or
lO x. (2) Turning the eyepiece as a whole, set it in
such a position that the photo mask ap· pears as shown in Fig. 22.
6. Others
,,--Inner frame
• Intermediate frame .....- Outer frame Mask eyepiece viewfield
•
Fig. 22 (3) Furthermore, when
using a low power objective, place th e focusing telescope over the mask eyepiece, thu s const ru cti ng an eyepie ce of higher magnification, t o per· form precise focusin g.
3) Magnifications of CF PL Projection lenses suitable for each frame size of photo mask Refer to Table 3. Table 3 Film SI 2e Mask
CF PL
Pro jection lens 2
x
Inner
2.5 X
frame
4 X
x
6 X9 3Y. " X 4"X 4 %" 5" em
-
-
-
1)
-
X
0
-
X
-
'"-
'"
-
25x 4
x
0
0 -
0 X X
x
2.5 X
I)
2 OUler frame
-
2 x
5
1nter · mediate frame
35
mm
4
x
5 X
-
-
'-"
11)
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Note : Framin g for picture composi ng wi ll be mOre accurate by the ocular fi nder than the mask eyepiece .
As the intermediate PHOT·POL microsco depolariLe r , it's not n to the relation betwe the polarizer, anal y ze the Microflex . For the use of othe attachments refer to tion manuals.
intermediate: tu be " P" in p lace: of th e 1/4 A & tint plOl te to measurr: ttu; retardatio n with the accuracy of the ~ uM . (F ig. 23)
& t in t pl ate t hat is in the c
t he in termed iate tube " P" (F With this wedge the relarda t 1 ~ - 6~ can roughly be mea
Fig. 23 1 ) Detecting of extinction position Rotate the stage with the specImen under the crossed Nicols to find out the d irection where the specimen part for measurement
appears darkest.
1 ) Detecting of extinction Dete ct the position wh part f or measurement b rotating the stage under
2) Detecting of subtraction position 0 Rotate the stage 45 to br ing it to the dia gonal position f rom the extinction posit ion and confir m that the interference cot or of the specimen part for measurement changes toward the lower o rder side by inserting t he 1/4 ~ & tint pl ate into the opt ical path . I f the co lor changes toward h igher order 0 side , rota te the stage fu rther by 90 .
2) Detecting of subtraction Rotate the stage 45° to gona l position from the and co nfirm tha t the in the specimen part for me toward the lower orde the quartz wed ge into th If the co lor changes o rder side. ro tate the st
3) Measurement
3) Measurem ent By slid ing the quartz we the interference co lor c ly . The wedg e sliding is to the sPecimen part for m under the dark stripe, interference co lo r of th the specimen but und stripe wi th the Interfere assume the amount o f re If the view f ield is enti specimen around the pa restr ict the illumination except around the par by means o f the fie ld the specimen away the then compare the inter the cha rt .
Inserting the filter GI F in to t he filter receptac le, replace the 1/4 ~ & tint plate by the compen sator . Ro tate the ana ly zer so as the specimen part for measurement becomes as dark as possi ble. Let the ang le of the above analY7er rota· tion be 8° then the retardati on A (nm) wi ll be obtained as fo llows :
8
A = -- ~
180
where
~
When the filter GI F
wave length o f light used for measurement IS used : ~ =
546nm
the the
Pin hole swing-in/out knob
mounted between the intermedi<.J te tube" P". 1) Nomenclature
Bertrand lens in/ou t tu rret Bertra nd lens focus turret
~
-!1-lt~~~~~=1
Fig. 25
,) Bertrand lens The Bertrand lens is brought in and out of the OPti cal path by turning the Bertrand lens turret.
The lens is in the OPtical path when the
indication on the turret is B.
T he Bertrand lens can be focused by turn
ing the focus turret Bertrand lens turre t .
located under the
2) Pin hole knob T he pin ho le can be put in or out o f the oPtit:C:li p Revo lve i t to cl i posi ti on • Condenser not correc rly cen tered • Co rrect cc nlcrin Chtl nglng-over to • Optical path in trin ocu lar (Refer to P. 81 tube no t fully change d-over
Image tinged yellow
• B filter no t used
2.
Use B f il ter
Manipulation Failures
Cau ses
Acti
over th c sl · TUseurnspecified th
No focused image obtained with high po wer objectives
• Upside dow n of sl ide- • To o t hick covergl nss
High power ob· jective t o uches th e slide. when changed-over from low pow er
• Upside down o f slide • Too th ick coverglass
Insuffici ent parfoca li tY of objective (when changed-over
• Eyep iece di op ter not ad justed
Movement of image not smooth by mov ing the sl ide
• Att achable mechani ca l stage not ti ghtly f i xed
• Fi x it ti ghtly
No fusion of binocular images
• Interpup illary distan ce no t adju st ed
• Adju stm ent (Re
Fatigue of ob· serving eyes
• Incorrect diopt er ad ju stmenl
coverglass (Refe
• Eyepiece d iopter not ad justOr] (E special ly when chan gin g-over low power object ive;2 X )
• Inudequatc br igh tness of illum inati on
T urn ove r the sl Use sp ecif ied th co verglass (R efe D iopt er adju stm (Refer to P. 8)
D iopter adjust m (Refer t o P. 8 )
Cor rect adjustm (R ef er to P. 8) Ch Jnge power v
lamp does not light even t hough switch· ed ON
• No electricity obtained
Unstable brightness of illumination
• House current voltage fl uctuates to o much
Use transfo rm adequate volta
lamp bulb promp t ly
• Not specified lamp bulb used
Use 6V-20W bulb: (Halogen 7388) Use transform
• No lamp bulb attached • Lamp bulb blown • Fuse blown
·
blown • Too high vo ltage o f house current Insufficien t brightness of ill umination
• Condenser not centered
• Condenser aperture too much closed • Too low position of condenser
·
• Not specif ied lamp bulb used Dirt on lens (condenser, objective . • eyepiece, fi el d lens, fil ter)
Fuse blown Flickering or unstable brightness of lamp bulb
I I
Connect the c A ttaching Replacemen t Replacement
Cen tering (Re Open it prope Correct posit io (Refer to P. 9) Use 6V 2OW bulb (PH I LIPS Cleaning
• Too low voltage
Raise the volt a
• Not specified fuse used
Use 1A/250V
• Lamp bulb going to be b lown Lamp socket not inserted sufficiently • Fuse holder not firmly f ast ened • Irregular change of house cu rrent voltage • Lamp bulb insufficiently inserted into the socket
I •
·
Replacem ent Secure connec
Firm fastening Use stabi lizer
Posi ti ve conne
POL microscope. For the practical exp lanation on po larizing mi croscopy, refer to the following special works: • "AN INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODS OF OPTICAL CRYSTALLOG RAPHY"
-
F. Donald Bloss
Holt, Rinehart and Winston • "O RE MICROSCOPY" -
Eugene N. Cameron John Wi ley & Sons. Inc.
• "THE POLARIZING MICROSCOPE"
-
A. F. Hallimond Vickers Instruments
ELECTRIC SPECI FICATIONS
Power source
Halogen lamp
Fuse
100V 120V 220/240V
50/60Hz
6V-20W PH I LIPS 7388 100V} 120V 220/240V
1A/250V O.5A/250V
We reserve ,he righ ' to make su as we may consider ncct$$l1ry ill For this rCaSO". porl!culars an handbook may nUl con[oTm in e cu"cn( production.
