Ol944d

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OL944D For Model: L944D OPERATOR’S MANUAL Marine Generators | Marine Diesel Engines | Land-Based Generators — CALIFORNIA — Proposition 65 Warning: Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, and other reproductive harm. Northern Lights 4420 14th Avenue N.W. Seattle, WA 98107 Tel: (206) 789-3880 Fax: (206) 782-5455 Copyright ©2013 Northern Lights, Inc. All rights reserved. Northern Lights™, and the Northern Lights logo are trademarks of Northern Lights, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. PART NO.: OL944D 11/13 OPERATOR'S MANUAL for Northern Lights® L944D Diesel Read this operator's manual thoroughly before starting to operate your equipment. This manual contains information you will need to run and service your new unit. Table of Contents SERVICING (Continued) V-Belts.............................................................. 15 Valve Clearances............................................... 16 Fuels - General.................................................. 17 Fuel Filters........................................................ 17 Bleeding the Fuel System................................. 18 Injector Service................................................. 19 Injection Pump.................................................. 20 Cooling System ................................................ 21 Heat Exchanger................................................. 22 Raw Water Pump.............................................. 22 Zinc Electrodes................................................. 22 Electrical System - General.............................. 23 Booster Batteries............................................... 23 Battery Care...................................................... 24 Winterizing / Out-of-Service............................ 24 INTRODUCTION .....................................................4 Model Numbers...................................................4 Serial Numbers....................................................4 WARRANTY.............................................................5 SAFETY RULES......................................................5 COMPONENT LOCATIONS L944D ...........................................................6 - 7 INSTRUMENT PANEL............................................8 OPERATING PROCEDURES Break-in Period....................................................9 Before Starting.....................................................9 Starting.............................................................. 10 Operating.......................................................... 10 Stopping............................................................ 10 Alarms........................................................10 - 11 Spare Parts.........................................................11 TROUBLESHOOTING Electrical........................................................... 25 Engine....................................................... 26 - 28 SPECIFICATIONS................................................ 29 SERVICING SCHEDULE CHART............. 12 - 13 WIRING DIAGRAMS DC Electrical............................................ 30 - 31 SERVICING Lubrication - General........................................ 14 Checking Oil..................................................... 14 Oil Changes...................................................... 14 Changing Oil Filter........................................... 15 Air Filter........................................................... 15 Proprietary Information This publication is the property of Northern Lights, Inc. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of Northern Lights, Inc. © Northern Lights, Inc. All rights reserved. Litho U.S.A. Publication number OL944D 11/13 OL944D 11/13 3 Revised page 3-2-10 Introduction The servicing of marine engines and generator sets presents unique problems. In many cases, boats cannot be moved to a repair facility. Marine engines cannot be compared to the servicing of automobiles, trucks, or even farm equipment. Failures often occur in remote areas far from competent assistance. Marine engines are taxed far more severely than auto or truck engines; therefore, maintenance schedules must be adhered to more strictly. Failures begin with minor problems that are overlooked and become amplified when not corrected during routine maintenance. As operator, it is your obligation to learn about your equipment and its proper maintenance. This is not a comprehensive technical service manual. Nor will it make the reader into an expert mechanic. Its aim is to aid you in maintaining your unit properly. Unit Identification MODEL INCLUDED This manual covers the operating instructions for: L944D propulsion engine, which use the 944 engine block. Model Numbers Model numbers give the unit's application, block model, aspiration, and RPM: L 944 L - Lugger Propulsion Engine L944D = + Model number of engine block Bore Cylinders 94 mm 4 Northern Lights marine diesel generator set with a 944 engine, naturally aspirated. Serial Numbers When referencing Northern Lights, Inc. equipment by serial number, please refer only to the number stamped on the Northern Lights® or Lugger® serial number plate. OL944D 11/13 4 Warranty A warranty registration certificate is supplied with your engine. It entitles the original purchaser of our equipment to a warranty covering material or assembly faults. The extent of coverage is described in the Limited Warranty Statement. We recommend that you study the statement carefully. NOTE: If the warranty is to apply, the servicing instructions outlined in this manual must be followed. If further information is needed, please contact an authorized dealer or the factory. Safety Rules CAUTION: Accident reports show that careless use of engines causes a high percentage of accidents. You can avoid accidents by observing these safety rules. Study these rules carefully and enforce them on the job. • Never leave engine without proper security. • Use caution in handling fuel. Never refuel a hot or running engine. Do not smoke while filling fuel tank or servicing fuel system. • Turn the coolant tank cap slowly to relieve pressure before removing. Add coolant only when the engine is stopped and cool. • Keep your hands, feet, hair and clothing away from power-driven parts. • Mount a fire extinguisher near engine. • Check for any loose electrical connections or faulty wiring. • Always disconnect the battery ground strap before making adjustments. • Engines should be operated only by knowledgeable, qualified personnel. • Operate engines in properly ventilated areas. • Keep trash and other objects away from engine. • Look completely around engine to make sure that everything is clear before starting. • Escaping fluids under pressure can penetrate your skin. Use a piece of cardboard or wood, not your hands, to search for leaks. • Avoid wearing loose clothing without a belt when working around engines. • Do not operate an engine that isn't in proper working order. If an unsafe operating condition is noted, tag the set and control panel so others will also know about the problem. • Do not oil or grease engine while it is running. • Provide first aid kits. • Remove the negative (-) battery terminal cable before servicing electrical components or welding. CAUTION: This symbol is used throughout this book to alert you to possible danger areas. Please take special notice of these sections. OL944D 11/13 5 L944D Component Locations 1 2 3 6 5 4 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 Figure 2: L944D Service Side 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Expansion Tank Coolant Fill Rocker Arm Cover Fuel Filter Relay Board Cover Air Filter Transmission Gear 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Oil Pan Lube Oil Dipstick Oil Filter Fuel Primer Pump Injection Pump Lube Oil Fill OL944D 11/13 6 14. Heat Exchanger Raw Water Drain and Zinc 15. Thermostat Housing L944D Component Locations 15 16 2 1 13 17 14 18 19 7 22 21 20 8 Figure 3: L944D Non-Service Side 15. 16. 17. 18. Wet Exhaust Elbow Exhaust Manifold Heat Exchanger Raw Water Pump 19. 20. 25. 21. 22. PTO Housing Belt Guard Oil Pan Alternator Starter OL944D 11/13 7 Instrument Panel 2 1 12 3 11 10 4 9 8 7 5 6 Figure 4: Lugger Main Instrument Control Panel 1. TACHOMETER The tachometer shows the engine speed in revolutions 6. INSTRUMENT PANEL LIGHTING The switch turns on the instrument panel lights. per minute. (RPM). Numbers are multiples of 100. 7. OIL PRESSURE FAULT LIGHT Indicates low oil pressure. Activates in conjunction 2. HOUR METER Keeps track of the engine running time. with alarm horn. 3. D.C. VOLTMETER When the engine is stopped, the voltmeter shows the 8. ENGINE TEMPERATURE FAULT LIGHT Indicates engine is over-heating. Activates in condition of the battery. When the engine is running, it indicates the voltage output of the alternator. 9. ALARM HORN Shut down engine if possible and investigate 4. KEY SWITCH Turning the key clockwise to the first position will conjunction with alarm horn. immediately. switch on the current. Continue turning the key clockwise to preheat the engine, then again to start the engine. When the engine starts, immediately turn the key back to the first position while the engine is running. The key must be kept in the “on” or first position while the engine is running. Turn the key counter clockwise as far as possible to stop the engine. 10. WIRE HARNESS 11. COOLANT TEMPERATURE GAUGE Water temperature gauge shows the temperature of the engine coolant. If the gauge registers over 2000F or drops below 1400F, stop the engine and investigate. 12. OIL PRESSURE GAUGE Shows the oil pressure in the engine lubricating system. Note: Optional flybridge panels have engine start switches instead of key switches. 5. COVER (Stop button not used for this application.) OL944D 11/13 8 If the pressure drops below 15 PSI at a speed higher than idling, stop the engine immediately. Operating Procedures BREAK-IN PERIOD BEFORE STARTING 1. The first 100 hours on a new or reconditioned engine are critical to its life and performance. 1. Check the water level by removing the pressure cap from the expansion tank. In order to give the cooling water an opportunity to expand, the level should be about 1 in. (2.5 cm) below the filler cap sealing surface when the engine is cold. 2. Constantly check the engine temperature and oil pressure gauges. 3. Oil consumption is greater during break-in as piston rings take time to seat. CAUTION: Use protective clothing and open the filler cap carefully when the engine is warm to prevent burns. 4. Break-In Oil Changes: Change engine oil and filter at 50 hours. Change oil and filter again at 100 hours (consult Lubricants section for oil recommendation). 2. Check the oil level in the crankcase with the dipstick. The oil level must be between high and low marks on the stick. Never allow the level to go below this area. Always add the same viscosity of oil as is already in the crankcase. Operating Instructions: Maintain at least a 75% load on your engine for the first 100 hours. If this is not possible, maintain no less than a 50% load to ensure proper seating of the piston rings. Vary the load to help seat the rings. 3. Check the fuel tank level and open any fuel valves on the tank and at the secondary fuel filter. 4. Close the sea-cock, check and clean the sea strainer, and reopen the sea-cock. 5. Place the battery switch in the ON position. NOTE: The battery switch must always be kept ON while the engine is running. If the switch is turned OFF while the engine is running, the battery charging alternator could be damaged. OL944D 11/13 9 Operating Procedures STARTING 5. If the proper propeller is used, the engine should reach its appropriate maximum RPM’s at full throttle (2500 RPM). If the maximum rated RPM’s for your engine application are exceeded at full throttle, then your propeller is too small. If you cannot reach your maximum rated RPM’s at full throttle, etiher your propeller is too large or bottom growth is slowing the boat. 6. To establish Maximum Cruising RPM: Establish th RPM at full throttle and subtract 200-300 RPM. This will promote engine life and reduce fuel consumption. 1. Put the gear control in the neutral position. 2. Move the throttle control to the full speed postion and return back to idle. 3. Turn the key switch to the first position. Check the voltage meter to see the condition of the batteries. For starting, the voltmeter should not read below 12 volts. (24 volts for 24 volt systems.) 4. Turn the key to the next position; preheat for 5 to 10 seconds. Then turn the key to the starting position and as soon as the engine starts, release the key. Move the throttle up until the engine is running at approximately 1000 RPM. SHUTDOWN 1. Run the engine for a three to five minute cool-down period in neutral at 1000 RPM. 5. Do not crank the starter for more than 15 seconds consecutively. If the engine fails to start with the first attempt, be sure that the starter has stopped completely before re-engaging. 2. Return engine to low idle. 3. Turn the key switch counter clockwise as far as possible to stop the engine. Note: Never race a cold engine. Operate at 1000 RPM for a 3 to 5 minute warm-up period. 4. Close the sea cock and fuel valves and put the battery switch in OFF position. Note: Do not turn the battery switch to OFF while the engine is running. OPERATING ALARMS 1. Check the oil pressure as soon as the engine has started. Oil pressure must be above 15 PSI. The engine must never be run if the oil pressure is below 15 PSI. 1. Your unit is fitted with a warning system to indicate high water temperature and low oil pressure. Propulsion engines have warning horns to sound and warn you of a problem. 2. The D.C. voltmeter should read between 13 and 14 volts at 60° F (16° C) ambient temperature. (26 to 28 volts for 24 volt systems.) 3. The water temperature gauge should not rise above 200° F (94° C). If it does, shut down the engine and investigate the cause of overheating. 4. Do not exceed 800 RPM when shifting marine gear. Repeated shifts at higher engine speeds can damage the reverse gear. OL944D 11/13 10 Note: When the engine is not running the horn will sound when the key is in the “on” position because there is no oil pressure. Do not rely on the alarms to the exclusion of careful gauge monitoring. Checking the gauges could prevent damage to the unit and dangerous power losses. Operating Procedures ALARMS (continued) SPARE PARTS 2. If the alarm system is activated: a. Check the temperature gauge, if the temperature is above 2050F (970C) shut the engine off immediately. b. Use the Trouble Shooting Guide on page 25 to isolate the cause of the overheat. 1. ADE recommends that you keep the following spare parts on hand for field service. The parts are available from your local Northern Lights dealer. Some marine models may already have “On-Board Kits,” a handy box that contains the most common parts you will need. CAUTION: Do not remove the water fill cap of an overheated engine. Escaping high temperature steam can cause severe burns. Allow the engine to cool and then remove the cap slowly using protective clothing. c. Make repairs and restart after the temperature gauge registers below 200° F (94° C). d. Watch the temperature gauge regularly and turn off the unit if the temperature rises above 205° F (96° C). Repeat troubleshooting. 3. If alarm is activated and the temperature gauge shows temperature within normal temperature range: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. Primary and secondary fuel filter elements Oil filters Air filter elements Alternator belt Thermostat and gaskets Seawater pump impeller and gaskets Glow plugs Injector and washer Rocker Arm Cover gasket Zinc Anode Relay, SPDT 12 VDC 50 Amp Engine overhaul gasket set 2. If your engine is operating a long distance from a servicing dealer, add the following: a. Check the engine crankcase oil level. b. If the oil level is low, fill with recommended lubricating oil and restart. Watch the oil pressure gauge carefully and shut off the engine if it does not show a normal reading (20-60 PSI) after a few seconds of operation. c. If the oil level is normal, DO NOT restart the engine. Call your Northern Lights or Lugger dealer for assistance. a. Complete set of injectors b. Complete set of glow plugs c. Fuel lift pump OL944D 11/13 11 Servicing Schedule Chart The Servicing Schedule Chart below shows the service schedule required for proper maintenance of your generator set. More detailed coverage of each Service Point (SP) is listed on the page noted in the ‘page’ column. DAILY: SP1 SP8 SP14 EVERY 250 HOURS: SP2/3 Change engine oil and filter SP4 Check air cleaner SP18 Check zinc electrodes Check oil level in engine Check primary fuel filter Check cooling water level Check sea strainer EVERY 500 HOURS: SP6 Check valve clearances SP9 Change primary fuel filter element SP10 Change secondary fuel filter SP12 Check injectors SP15 Check cooling system SP17 Change impeller SP20 Check state of charge of batteries AFTER FIRST 50 HOURS: SP2/3 Change engine oil and filter SP5 Check V-belt tension SP7 Adjust valves SP19 Check electrolyte level in batteries EVERY 50 HOURS: SP5 Check V-belt tension SP19 Check electrolyte level in batteries EVERY 2000 HOURS or as needed: SP13 Check fuel injection pump SP16 Check and clean heat exchanger SP24 Inspect starter and alternator AFTER FIRST 100 HOURS: SP2/3 Change engine oil and filter SERVICE POINT PAGE OPERATION DAILY 50 Hours 100 Hours ENGINE: SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 SP5 SP7 12 12 13 13 13 14 Check oil level Change engine oil1, 5, 6 Change lube oil filters1, 5 Check air cleaner1, 4 Check V-belt tension1 Check valve clearances5 FUEL SYSTEM: SP8 SP9 SP10 SP11 SP12 SP13 15 15 15 16 17 18 Check primary filter2 Change primary filter element1, 3 Change secondary fuel filter1, 3 Bleed the fuel system3 Check injectors1 Check fuel injection pump COOLING SYSTEM: SP14 SP15 SP16 SP17 SP18 20 20 21 21 21 Check cooling water level Check and flush cooling system7 Check and clean heat exchanger Change impeller in raw water pump1, 3 Check zinc electrodes4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: SP19 SP20 SP24 23 23 24 Check electrolyte level in batteries1, 4 Check condition of batteries with hydrometer1 Inspect alternator and starter OUT OF SERVICE: SP23 23 Winterizing or out-of-service3 5) After first 50 hours. 6) Adjust at first 100 hours. 7) Or every 1 year 1) Perform all maintenance once a year even if hour level has not been reached. 2) Consult manufacturer's maintenance schedule, note on chart. 3) Whenever necessary. 4) More often if necessary. OL944D 11/13 12 250 Hours 500 Hours 2000 Hours Service Record Service Point OPERATION HOURS/ DATE 50 HOURS SP5 Check V-belt tension SP19 Check electrolyte in batteries 250 HOURS SP2 Change engine oil SP3 Change lubricating oil filters SP4 Check air cleaner SP18 Check zinc electrodes EVERY 500 HOURS SP7 Check valve clearances SP8 Change primary filter element SP10 Change secondary fuel filter SP12 Check injectors SP15 Check cooling system SP17 Change impeller in seawater pump SP20 Check condition of batteries with hydrometer 2000 HOURS or as required SP13 Check fuel injection pump SP15 Flush cooling system SP16 Check and clean heat exchanger Service Notes: OL944D 11/13 13 Servicing LUBRICATION - GENERAL SP1. CHECKING OIL LEVEL 1. Use only clean, high quality lubricants stored in clean containers in a protected area. 1. While the engine is stopped, check the oil level in the crankcase with the dipstick daily. The oil level must be between the high and low marks on the stick. Fill with the recommended oil, and fill only to the high mark on the dipstick. Follow the lubrication recommendations in Figure 5. 2. These lubricants are acceptable: a. API Service CD, CE, and CF-4 single viscosity oils. b. API Service CD, CE, and CF-4 multi-viscosity oils. SP2. OIL CHANGES 1. The set is delivered with special break-in oil. Change the engine oil and oil filter after 50 hours of operation. Use Service CC30 weight oil during the first 100 hours. 3. Use the proper weight oil for your average operation temperature. Air Temperature Single Viscosity MultiViscosity SAE 30W SAE 15-40W SAE 10W SAE 10-30W Above 32° F (0° C) -10° to 32° F (-23° to 0° C) 2. Change the oil and filter again at 100 hours using the oil recommended in the above diagram. After this, change oil and filter every 250 hours. 3. During intermittent cold weather operation, change oil every 100 hours or six weeks, whichever comes first. Figure 5: Lube Oils 4. Change oil at any seasonal change in temperature when a new viscosity of oil is required. 4. Never put additives or flushing oil in crankcase. 5. Change oil when engine is warm but not hot. 6. Dispose of waste oil in an approved manner. 7. Never use a flushing oil. 8. Loosen clamp on oil change tube. Remove cap. Drain oil. Replace cap and tube. 9. Refill engine with recommended oil. 10. Engine capacity with new oil filter is: Model L944D....................2.64 gallons (10 liters) OL944D 11/13 14 Servicing SP3. CHANGING LUBE OIL FILTER SP5. V-BELTS 1. Change the lube oil filter every 250 hours. 1. Check the tension and wear on the V-belt after every 50 hours. 2. Use a filter wrench to remove old filter. Dispose of filter in approved manner. 2. Use your thumb to press on the belt at the midpoint between the crankshaft and alternator pulleys. The tension is correct if the belt can be depressed about .39 to .47 in. (10 - 12 mm) with 22 lbs. (10 kg) force. 3. Make sure the gasket from the old filter is removed and discarded. Clean mount face. 4. Spread a thin film of engine oil on the rubber gasket on the new filter and screw it on nipple until gasket meets the sealing surface. 5. Using hands only – no wrench – tighten filter one-half turn farther. Overtightening can do damage to filter housing. 6. Fill engine with recommended oil. Start engine and check for leakage. Stop engine, wait 3 minutes, and check oil level. Add additional oil if necessary. 7. Oil filter part number is: Model L944D.....................................#24-01201 SP4. AIR CLEANER 1. Visually inspect air cleaner every 250 hours. In dusty conditions, check more often. 2. Remove the cover on the rear of the air intake manifold. Remove and inspect the foam element. If dirty, wash element in soapy water. Rinse and dry thoroughly before reinstalling. Note: Make absolutely sure no impurities enter the engine while changing the element, and do not run the engine with the air cleaner removed. Do not clean the filter with diesel fuel, solvent, or gasoline. Serious engine damage can result. OL944D 11/13 15 Servicing SP7. VALVE CLEARANCES 1. Readjust valve clearance after first 50 hours of operation. Check valves every 500 hours thereafter. 2. Check the valves when the engine is cold. 3. Rotate the crankshaft in a clockwise direction, using a turning socket, from the front of the engine to bring the first piston to the top dead center on the compression stroke. When the mark on the crankshaft pulley aligns with the pointer on the timing gear case stop turning. Make sure the rocker arms of the No. 1 cylinder are loose at TDC. If they are not, rotate the crankshaft one complete turn. Figure 7: Valve Adjustment 6. Adjust the remaining valves turning the engine 1800 in the cylinder order of 1-3-4-2. 7. Replace the rocker arm cover. Figure 6: Timing Mark 4. Measure the valve clearance for No. 1 cylinder, with a feeler gauge. Standard valve clearances for a cold engine are: Intake (IN)........................0.0098 in. (0.25 mm) Exhaust (EX)....................0.0098 in. (0.25 mm) 5. To adjust valve clearance, loosen the lock nut on the adjustment screw. Insert a feeler gauge between the rocker arm and the valve stem cap. Adjust, while measuring the clearance, until the feeler gauge slides with a slight drag. Tighten the lock nut and recheck the clearance (Figure 7). OL944D 11/13 16 Servicing FUELS - GENERAL SP8-10. FUEL FILTER 1. Use only clean, high quality fuels of the following specifications, as defined by ASTM designation D975 for diesel fuels: a. Use grade No. 2 diesel at ambient temperatures above freezing 32° F (0° C). b. Use grade No. 1 at ambient temperatures below freezing. c. International fuel specifications: JIS K2204 ISO-8217-DMA BS 2869 Part 1 Class A1 BS 2869 Part 2 Class A2 1. Your Lugger engine has a fuel filter installed. We recommend the Northern Lights brand of fuel filters. a. Check the primary fuel filter daily as recommended by the filter manufacturer. b. Change the filter as often as necessary or every 250 hours. c. Remove the fuel filter with a filter wrench. d. Apply a coating of fuel to the o-ring of the new fuel filter. e. Tighten the new filter by hand, do not use a filter wrench for tightening. f. The filter should be dry. g. Do not add fuel to the fuel filter before installation, as this could cause unfiltered fuel to enter the fuel pump. h. Bleed the air out of the filter. 2. Use fuel having less that .2% sulphur of weight (less than 0.05% recommended). 3. The cetane number should be 45 or higher. 4. Particulate contaminate should be 5.0 mg/l (0.00018 oz/U.S. gal) or lower. 5. DO NOT use these unsuitable grades of fuel: a. Domestic heating oils, all types. b. Class B engine. c. Class D domestic fuels. d. Class E, F, G or H industrial or marine fuels. e. ASTM-D975-60T No. 4-D and higher number fuels. 6. Storing fuel: a. Keep dirt, scale, water, and other foreign matter out of fuel. b. Avoid storing fuel for long periods of time. c. Fill the fuel tank at the end of each day’s operation. This will reduce condensation. OL944D 11/13 17 The fuel filter part number is: L944D.........................24-51201 Servicing SP11. BLEEDING THE FUEL SYSTEM CAUTION: Escaping diesel fuel under pressure can penetrate skin causing serious personal injury. Before disconnecting lines be sure to relieve all pressure. Before applying pressure, be sure all connections are tight and lines, pipes and hoses aren't damaged. Fuel escaping from a very small hole can be almost invisible. Use a piece of cardboard or wood, rather than hands, to search for suspected leaks. If injured by escaping fuel, see a doctor at once. Serious infection or reaction can develop if proper medical treatment is not administered immediately. Figure 8 Fuel Feed Pump 1. Fuel system air bleeding may be needed when: a. After fuel has been added to a newly installed engine. b. A new fuel filter is installed. c. The engine has run out of fuel. d. The fuel lines, injection pump, or any other fuel system component has been removed and installed. 2. After changing the fuel filter, air only needs to be bled from the fuel filter. To do this: a. Loosen the air vent plug (#1 on Figure 8) on the fuel filter by about 1-1/2 turns. (Be sure to cover the vent with a cloth to prevent fuel from splashing.) b. Turn the priming pump cap on the fuel feed pump counterclockwise to unlatch it. Move the priming pump plunger (#2 on Figure 8) up and down. To close the pump turn the cap clockwise while depressing it. c. Close the air vent plug when no more air bubbles can be seen in the fuel flowing from the air vent plug hole. OL944D 11/13 18 3. To bleed air at the fuel injection pump: a. Turn the air vent plug (#3 on Figure 8) about 1-1/2 turns to loosen it. (Cover the vent with a cloth to prevent fuel from splashing.) b. Pump the feed pump cap up and down. c. When there are no air bubbles to be seen in the fuel flowing from the air vent plug hole, push down the priming pump cap and turn it clockwise to lock it in place. NOTE: Do not close the air vent plug before locking the priming pump cap in place, because the internal pressure in the pump will prevent the priming pump cap from returning to the original position. 4. If the engine does not start after this bleeding process, loosen a fuel line at the injector while cranking the engine with the starter motor until pure fuel escapes. Then tighten the connections. Do each line one-at-a-time. After the engine has started, use a piece of cardboard to look for fuel leaks. Servicing SP12. INJECTOR SERVICE 1. Injectors should be checked every 500 hours. This check should be made by a Northern Lights dealer or local injection repair station. 3. Injector repair and cleaning: a. Take injectors to your Northern Lights dealer or local injection repair station for testing and service. CAUTION: Escaping diesel fuel under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate the skin causing serious personal injury. If injured by escaping fuel, see a doctor at once. 2. Injector removal: a. b. c. Clean loose dirt from around the injectors and the fuel lines. Relieve high pressure in the fuel lines by loosening the delivery line flare nuts at each injector. Remove delivery lines by disconnecting them from the injectors and injection pump. Remove all lines as an assembly; do not remove the spacers. Cover the ends of the lines, the injector inlets, and the injection pump outlets to keep dirt out. d. Remove the return line retaining bolts, washers, and return line. e. Loosen the injector retaining nuts at the same time a little at a time. Remove the injector. f. Remove the injector seat. Cover the holes to prevent debris from entering the cylinders. 4. Injector installation: a. Install new injector seal washer seat and injector. Evenly tighten the injector retaining nuts to 39.1 to 47.7 ft/lbs (53.0 to 64.7 N•m), or 5.4 to 6.6 kgf•m. Do not overtighten. b. Reinstall the return line using new sealing washers. Tighten bolts to 13.0 to 15.9 ft/lbs (17.7 to 21.6 N•m), or 1.8 to 2.2 kgf•m. NOTE: Overtightening can damage injectors. Note: Do not use pry bars to remove injectors from the cylinder head. OL944D 11/13 19 c. Reinstall injection lines. Tighten flare nuts at injection pump to 19.5 to 23.9 ft/lbs (26.5 to 32.4 N•m), or 2.7 to 3.3 kgf•m. Leave the lines loose at injectors for bleeding. d. Bleed the injection lines. Crank the engine to fill the lines. Tighten flare nuts at injectors to 15.2 to 18.1 ft/lbs (20.6 to 24.5 N•m), 2.1 to 2.5 kgf•m. e. Start the engine and check for leaks using a piece of paper or cardboard. Do not use your hand to check for leaks. Servicing SP13. INJECTION PUMP 1. Since operating conditions may vary considerably, it is difficult to give a definite interval for checking the injection pump. But as a rule, pump settings, maximum speed, idle speed and exhaust smoke should be checked after every 2000 hours of operation. Service of the fuel injection pump should only be done if checks indicate pump malfunction. 2. Black smoke can be an indication of pump malfunction. Before servicing the pump, check other possible causes: a. Check cleanliness of the air filter. b. Check valve clearances. c. Clean and check injectors. 3. Any repair which involves disassembly of the injection pump must be carried out by specially trained mechanics with the proper tools and test equipment. c. (cont.) the turning socket (part #5830973100) with the crankshaft pulley nut and turn it clockwise (when viewed at the front of the engine). Stop where the “O” mark on the outside of the crankshaft pulley is aligned with the pointer on the timing gear case. To check Top Dead Center of the No. 1 cylinder, move the rocker arms of the inlet and exhaust valves up and down, checking that the push rods do not push up the rocker arms of the valves. This is Top Dead Center of the No. 1 piston. If the pushrods do push up the rocker arms, rotate the crankshaft one more turn. d. Remove the pump support bracket on rear of pump. e. Remove the 4 mounting nuts. f. Take the pump to your Northern Lights dealer or an injection pump repair station for testing and service. NOTE: All warranties on the engine become null and void if the injection pump seals are broken by unauthorized persons. 4. Injection Pump Removal: CAUTION: Escaping diesel fuel under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate the skin, causing serious personal injury. If injured by escaping diesel fuel, see a doctor at once. Figure 9: Timing Marks a. Clean the injection pump, hoses, and area around the pump with a cleaning solvent or steam cleaner. NOTE: Never steam clean or pour cold water on an injection pump while the engine is running or the pump is warm. b. Remove the injection lines from the pump and injectors. Remove all lines as an assembly. Do not remove the spacers. Cover the ends of the lines, the injector inlets, and the injection pump outlets to keep dirt out of the injectors, lines, and pump. c. Align timing marks on timing gear by engaging 5. Injection Pump Installation: a. Install the fuel injection pump after having aligned its gear alignment mark with that of the idler gear alignment mark as shown in Figure 9 above. When the alignment marks of the timing gears align as in the diagram above, the No. 1 piston is top dead center in the compression stroke. b. Install the injection pump to the side of the engine first then put in the end bolts, and then the tube with its bolts, and then the side bracket. c. Torque mounting bolts to 13.0 - 18.1 ft/lbs (17.7 to 24.5 N•m), 1.8 to 2.5 kgf•m. OL944D 11/13 20 revised 11-8-13 Servicing COOLING SYSTEM - GENERAL NOTE: Be sure to close the sea-cock before working on the engine cooling system. CAUTION: The cooling water in the engine reaches extremely high temperatures. You must use extreme caution when working on hot engines to avoid burns. Allow the engine to cool before working on the cooling system. Open the filler cap carefully, using protective clothing when the engine is warm. WATER QUALITY 1. Distilled, deionized, soft water is preferred for use in cooling systems. Bottled distilled water from a food store or water supplier is recommended. Tap water often has a high mineral content. Tap water should NEVER be put in a cooling system unless first tested by a water quality laboratory. Do not use water made by the reverse osmosis method unless it has been PH neutralized. 2. Here are acceptable water quality specifications: Parts per Million Grains per Gallon Maximum Chlorides 40 2.5 Maximum Sulfates 100 5.9 Maximum Dissolved Solids 340 20.0 Maximum Total Hardness 170 10.0 Contaminates cooling water an opportunity to expand, the level should be about 1 in. (2.5 cm) below the filler cap sealing surface when the engine is cold. b. Soft water with about a pH about 6.5 to 8.5 combined with an antifreeze in a 30% to 50% (maximum) solution should be used. Tap water should never be put in a cooling system unless first tested by a water quality laboratory. Do not use water made by the reverse osmosis method unless it has been PH neutralized. c. The antifreeze should not contain amine, silicate, or borate. d. Test kits are available through your Northern Lights or Lugger dealer to check the coolant condition. Part numbers are 20-00005 for a 4 pack and 20-00010 for a 50 pack. SP15. COOLING SYSTEM FLUSHING 1. Flush the cooling system every 2000 hours or every 12 months, whichever comes first. 2. Remove fill cap and open drains on engine block. The engine block drain is on the service side of the engine above the dipstick, next to the flywheel housing. 3. Pour clean water into the engine until water coming from engine is clear of discoloration. Close drains and refill the engine with recommended coolant mixture. PH Level 5.5 to 9.0 4. Use 50% water / 50% (maximum) ethylene glycol antifreeze mix. Antifreeze mixture is recommended as a good year-round coolant. 3. If chlorides, sulfates or total dissolved solids are higher than the above given specification, the water must be distilled, demineralized, or deionized before it is used in a cooling system. 4. If total hardness is higher than 170 ppm and all other parameters are within the given specifications, the water must be softened before it is used to make coolant solution. 5. Coolant capacity is approximately 3 gal. (11.4 liters). 6. Check hoses and connections and repair any leakage. 7. Start the engine and check for leaks. Run the engine for five minutes, then shut it down. Let engine cool, and then check the coolant level in the engine. Add coolant as needed. SP14. CHECK THE COOLANT LEVEL 1. Check the coolant level each day before starting the engine. NOTE: Be sure to open the sea-cock after working on the engine cooling system and starting the engine. a. Check the water level by removing the pressure cap from the expansion tank. In order to give the OL944D 11/13 21 Servicing SP16. HEAT EXCHANGER SP18. ZINC ANODES 1. Clean the heat exchanger core once a year or after 2000 hours of operation. 1. A zinc anode is installed in the heat exchanger cooling system to protect the engine from electrolysis. Check it faithfully every 250 hours. If you are in warm saltwater, or where electrolysis is a known problem, check it more often. 2. Drain the expansion tank and heat exchanger. 3. Remove the heat exchanger end covers. 2. Remove the zinc holder from the bottom of the exchanger. This will drain raw water from the exchanger. 4. Clean the inside of the exchanger core tubes using a metal rod. Flush, inspect, and clean again if necessary. 3. Scrape or wire brush the zinc anode clean. If more than 50% of the anode is corroded away, replace it with a new zinc. The anode screws out of the holder. 5. Reassemble the heat exchanger. Fill the cooling system. Start the engine and check for leaks. SP17. RAW WATER PUMP 4. Reinstall the zinc holders. Be sure the threads are clean for good metal-to-metal contact. Do not use thread sealant. 1. Change the raw water pump impeller every 500 hours, or as needed. 5. Start the engine and check for leaks. 2. Remove the pump cover. Pry out the impeller using needle-nose pliers or two screwdrivers. Be sure to remove all pieces of the failed impeller. NOTE: Place some kind of protection under the screwdrivers in order to not damage the pump housing. 3. Clean the inside of the housing. 4. Press in the new impeller and place the sealing plug in the outer end of the impeller center if this has not already been done. NOTE: Make sure that there is always an extra impeller and cover gasket in reserve on board. OL944D 11/13 22 Servicing ELECTRICAL SYSTEM - GENERAL BOOSTER BATTERIES CAUTION: Battery gas can explode. Keep all flames and sparks away from batteries. 1. Never switch the battery switch off or break the circuit between the alternator and the batteries while the engine is running. Alternator damage can result. 2. Do not reverse the polarity of the battery cables when installing the battery. 1. Before changing or using booster batteries, check the battery electrolyte level. Add distilled water if necessary. 3. When welding on the unit, disconnect the regulator and battery. Isolate the leads. 2. Booster and main batteries must have the same voltage rating. 4. Disconnect the battery cables when servicing the DC alternator. 3. First, connect the positive (+) terminal of the booster battery to the positive (+) terminal of the main battery. Then, connect the negative (–) terminal of the booster battery to ground on the engine block (Figure 10). 5. Never test with a screwdriver, etc... against any terminal to see if it emits sparks. 4. Remove the booster battery after starting the engine. 5. Sealed Batteries: See the manufacturer's charging and booster instructions. Figure 10: Booster Battery Connections OL944D 11/13 23 Servicing SP19-20. BATTERY CARE 6. Cover the terminals and openings of the starter and alternator with adhesive fabric tape. Cover the starter and alternator with polyethylene sheets and put desiccant inside covering. 1. Check the electrolyte level every 50 hours, or once a month. Add distilled water to the manufacturer's recommended level. 2. Batteries, cables, and cable terminals should be checked and cleaned every 100 hours. Clean corrosion with a water and baking soda solution. Flush with clean water. Tighten terminals and grease them to inhibit future corrosion. 7. Disconnect and clean the battery. Remove the battery to a cool dry storage place, if possible. 8. Clean the outside of the unit. Paint any scratched or chipped surfaces. Put corrosion preventative on all exposed metal surfaces. 3. Check the battery condition with a hydrometer every 500 hours. 9. Cover the engine. SP23. WINTERIZING / OUT-OF-SERVICE NOTE: Remember to close the sea-cock before opening drain cocks. For engines not going to be used for more than 3 months: 1. Change the crankcase oil and filter. Fill with rust preventative oil, and make a mixture of rust preventative oil and fuel 1:1 and fill the fuel tank with the mixture. Start the engine and operate it with no load for 5 to 10 minutes. Stop the engine, spray rust preventative agent into intake pipe. Drain the rust preventative oil and fuel. 2. Drain fresh water and seawater cooling systems completely. Flush fresh water systems and refill with the proper antifreeze mixture. 3. Drain the water supply lines and wet exhaust line. Cover the intake and exhaust ports with adhesive fabric tape. 4. Loosen the seawater pump cover and drain the pump. 5. Loosen the alternator belt. OL944D 11/13 24 Troubleshooting DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE RECOMMENDATION(S) Battery Will Not Charge Loose or corroded connections • Clean and tighten battery connections. Sulfated or worn out batteries • Check specific gravity of each battery. • Check electrolyte level of each battery. Loose or defective alternator belt • Adjust belt tension. • Replace belt. Check DC circuit breaker • If the breaker is tripped, reset it. Loose or corroded connections • Clean and tighten loose battery and harness plug connection. Low battery condition • Check specific gravity of each battery. • Check electrolyte level of each battery. Defective electrical system ground wire: • Repair or replace. Low battery condition • Battery is too small. • Battery cables are too small. Check specific gravity of each battery • Replace battery if necessary. Check electrolyte level of each battery • If low, fill cells with distilled water. Crankcase oil too heavy • Fill with oil of appropriate viscosity. Loose or corroded connections • Clean and tighten loose connections. Check DC circuit breaker • If breaker is tripped, reset it. Faulty connection • Clean and tighten battery and harness plug connections. Sulfated or worn out batteries • Check specific gravity and electrolyte level of each battery. Starter Inoperative Starter Cranks Slowly Entire Electrical System Does Not Function If you cannot correct problems with these procedures, see your Northern Lights dealer. OL944D 11/13 25 Troubleshooting ENGINE PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE RECOMMENDATION(S) Engine Hard to Start or Will Not Start Improper starting procedure • See starting section of this manual. No fuel • Check level of fuel in fuel tank. Low battery condition • Check electrolyte level and condition. Excessive resistance in starting circuit • Clean and tighten all battery connections. Crankcase oil too heavy • Use oil of proper viscosity. Improper type of fuel • Consult fuel supplier and use proper type of fuel for operating condition. Water, dirt or air in fuel system • Drain, flush, fill and bleed system. Clogged primary fuel filter element • Clean or replace filter element. Clogged secondary fuel filter element • Replace filter element. Dirty or faulty injection nozzles • Have your dealer check injection nozzles. Below normal engine temperature • Remove and check thermostat. Clogged primary fuel filter element • Clean or replace filter element. Clogged secondary fuel filter element • Replace secondary filter element. Water or dirt in the fuel system • Drain, flush, fill and bleed system. Dirty or faulty injection nozzles • Have your dealer check injection nozzles. Air in fuel system • Inspect clamps and hoses on suction side of fuel pump for air leak. Improper type of fuel • Consult fuel supplier and use proper type of fuel for operating condition. Engine overloaded • Reduce the load. Intake air restriction • Service air cleaner. Clogged primary fuel filter element • Clean or replace filter element. Clogged secondary fuel filter element • Replace filter element. Improper type of fuel • Consult fuel supplier and use proper type of fuel for operating conditions. Overheated engine • See “Engine Overheats” in next category. Below normal engine temperature • Remove and check thermostat. Improper valve clearance • Reset valves. Best done by dealer. Dirty or faulty injection nozzles • Replace injectors. Best done by dealer. Engine Runs Irregularly or Stalls Frequently Lack of Engine Power OL944D 11/13 26 Troubleshooting ENGINE PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE RECOMMENDATION(S) Lack of Engine Power (continued) Low compression pressure (worn piston rings, etc...) • Consult dealer. Engine Overheats Engine overloaded • Check propeller size or pitch. Low coolant level • Fill tank to proper level. • Check hoses for loose connections and leaks. Keel cooling tubes have been painted • Remove paint from tubes. Cooling system needs flushing • Flush cooling system. Defective thermostat • Remove and check thermostat. Defective temperature gauge • Check water temperature with thermometer and replace gauge if necessary. Water pump impeller worn or broken • Check the impeller and replace if necessary. Insufficient oil • Call your dealer. Injection pump out of time • Call your dealer. Below normal engine temperature • Check your thermostats. • Check water temperature to see if temperature gauge is working properly. Faulty fuel injector • Call your dealer. Engine overheating • See “Engine Overheating” section. Improper type of fuel • Use correct fuel for temperature. Clogged or dirty air cleaner • Service air cleaner. Engine overloaded • Reduce the electrical load. Improper valve clearance • See your dealer. Injection nozzles dirty • See your dealer. Injection pump out of time • See your dealer. Engine not at proper temperature • Check your thermostats. • Check water temperature with thermometer and replace gauge if necessary. Below Normal Engine Temperature Thermostats not working properly • Check thermostats. Temperature gauge not working properly • Check water temperature with thermometer. Low Oil Pressure Low oil level • Fill crankcase to proper level. Improper type of oil • Drain and fill crankcase with correct oil. Partially plugged oil filter • Replace filter. Engine Knocks High Fuel Consumption If you cannot correct problems with these procedures, see your Northern Lights dealer. OL944D 11/13 27 Troubleshooting ENGINE PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE High Oil Consumption Break-in period • Oil consumption decreases after break in. Crankcase oil too light • Use proper viscosity oil. Oil leaks • Check for leaks in lines around gaskets and drain plug. Crankcase over full • Remove excess oil. Clogged or dirty air cleaner • Service air cleaner. Defective muffler • Have dealer check back pressure. (back pressure too high) Improper fuel • Use correct fuel for temperature. Fuel pump faulty • See your dealer. Injection nozzles dirty • See your dealer. Engine overloaded • Reduce the electrical load. Injection nozzles dirty • See your dealer. Injection pump faulty • Consult your dealer. Engine out of time • See your dealer. Incorrect valve clearance • Consult your dealer. Improper fuel • Use correct fuel for temperature. Cold engine • Warm up engine to normal operating temperature. Defective thermostat • Remove and check thermostat. Engine out of time • See your dealer. Low Compression Pressure • See your dealer. Low engine oil viscosity • Use proper viscosity of oil to ambient temperature. Excessive amount of engine oil • Maintain correct oil level. Fuel injection nozzles faulty (uneven injection) • See your dealer. Engine Emits Black or Gray Exhaust Smoke Engine Emits White Smoke RECOMMENDATION(S) OL944D 11/13 28 Added 5-27-09, updated 6-10-09 Specifications Hp/ RPM 65 Hp 2500 RPM General Information Engine Type Cylinders Displacement Cycles Bore x Stroke Rotation (Facing Flywheel) Crankcase Capacity including Oil Filter Aspiration Flywheel Housing Size Optional PTO Size Rated Crankshaft Hp1 Rated Crankshaft kW2 Weight w/Heat Exchanger without gear Weight Keel cooled without gear Length Width Height Inline 4 203 in3 (3.33 liters) 4 3.7 x 4.72 in (94 x 120 mm) counter-clockwise 11 qts (10 liter) Natural SAE 4 SAE B- Pad 65 Hp @ 2500 RPM 48.5 kW @ 2500 RPM 620 lbs. (281 kg) 600 lbs. (272 kg) 40.1 in (1018 mm) 24.9 in (682 mm) 29.0 in (737 mm) Cooling System Approx. Coolant Cap. Minimum Sea Water Discharge Dia. Heat Rejection to Jacket Coolant Coolant Pump Flow Seawater Pump Flow Maximum Seawater Pump Suction Head Keel Cooler TurboTube Length Keel Cooler Head Diameter Keel Cooler Water Hose ID 3 gal (11 liter) 3/4 in (20 mm) 2588 BTU/min 16 gpm (61 lpm) 16 gpm (61 lpm) 39 in (990 mm) 19 feet (0.48 M) 1.25 in (31.75 mm) 1.5 in (38 mm) D.C. Electrical Minimum Battery Capacity Battery Cable Size Voltage, Standard Ground 200 Amp Hour - 640 CCA “00” 12 Volt Air Intake and Exhaust Air Consumption Maximum Exhaust Backpressure Wet Exhaust Elbow ID Exhaust Gas Flow Volume 132 cfm (3.74 M3/m) 27 in (686 mm) H2O 3 in (76 mm) 360 cfm (10.19 M3/m) Fuel System Minimum Suction Line Minimum Return Line Maximum Fuel Pump Suction Head .375 in (10 mm) .375 in (10 mm) 39 in (990 mm) Maximum Engine Operating Angle Continuous Operation (More than 2 minutes requires use of a remote expansion tank) Intermittent Operation (Sustained up to two minutes) Front Down 0° 0° - 35° 1. Based on SAE J816b. 2. Based on EN ISO 8665: 2006. OL944D 11/13 29 Rear Down 0° - 10° 0° - 35° Northern Lights DC Wiring Diagram – Model L944D 12 Volt Standard Ground Drawing C-6359 DC Wiring Diagram OL944D 11/13 30 Northern Lights DC Wiring Diagram – Model L944D 24 Volt Standard Ground Drawing C-6360 DC Wiring Diagram OL944D 11/13 31 4420 14th Ave. NW., Seattle WA 98107 Tel: (206) 789-3880 • 1-800-762-0165 • www.northern-lights.com Northern Lights and Lugger are registered trademarks of Northern Lights, Inc. © 2013 All rights reserved. Litho USA.