Preview only show first 10 pages with watermark. For full document please download

Osm400 User Guide

Rating
Date

November 2018
Size

1.1MB
Views

6,284
Categories

Computers & electronics Networking Network switches

Transcript

OptiSwitch Master 400 High Density 10/100/1000Mbps Switch Router Installation and User Guide ML44880 Rev. 01 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Standards Compliance UL 1950; CSA 22.2 No 950, CB, FCC Part 15 Class A; CE-89/336/EEC, 73/23/EEC FCC Notice WARNING: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. The user is cautioned that changes and modifications made to the equipment without approval of the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. It is suggested that the user use only shielded and grounded cables when appropriate to ensure compliance with FCC Rules. CE Mark The CE mark symbolizes compliance with the EMC directive of the European Community. Such marking is indicative that the specified equipment meets or exceeds the following technical standards: • EN 55022 - Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment • EN 50082-1 - Electromagnetic compatibility -- Generic immunity standard Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry • IEC 1000-4-2 - Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment • Part 2: Electrostatic discharge requirements -- Severity level 3 • IEC 1000-4-3 - Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment • Part 3: Radiated electromagnetic field requirements -- Severity level 2 • IEC 1000-4-4 - Electromagnetic compatibility for industrial-process measurement and control equipment • Part 4: Electrical fast transient/burst requirements -- Severity level 2 • CISPR 22 - Radiated and Line-conducted Class A • EN 60950 - ITE Safety A ‘Declaration of Conformity’, in accordance with the above standards, has been made and is on file at Optical Access Communications Ltd. This document and the information contained herein are proprietary to Optical Access and are furnished to the recipient solely for use in operating, maintaining and repairing Optical Access equipment. The information within may not be utilized for any purpose except as stated herein, and may not be disclosed to third parties without written permission from Optical Access. Optical Access reserves the right to make changes to any technical specifications in order to improve reliability, function or design. ©2000 Optical Access Inc. i OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Table of Contents PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................IV DOCUMENTATION................................................................................................................................. IV CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL ................................................................................................. IV INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 WHAT IS IP SWITCHING?....................................................................................................................... 1 FEATURE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................. 1 Hardware.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Hardware Capabilities and Benefits ................................................................................................ 2 Software............................................................................................................................................ 2 Application ....................................................................................................................................... 2 High-end Feature Support................................................................................................................ 2 MANAGING THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 .......................................................................................... 3 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION ..................................................................................................................... 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................. 5 GETTING STARTED............................................................................................................................ 6 OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 STRUCTURE................................................................................................. 6 Front Panel....................................................................................................................................... 6 Rear Panel........................................................................................................................................ 7 SETTING UP THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 .......................................................................................... 7 Rack Mounting.................................................................................................................................. 8 Connecting Power ............................................................................................................................ 8 Input Supply...................................................................................................................................... 8 Grounding ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Network Connections........................................................................................................................ 9 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 ACCESS LEVELS .......................................... 10 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 CONFIGURATION MODES ............................ 10 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE (CLI)...................................................................................................... 11 Extracting a List of Commands and Syntax.................................................................................... 11 Default Forms and No Commands ................................................................................................. 12 MANEUVERING/NAVIGATING WITH SHORTCUTS ................................................................................. 12 Navigating Around the Command Line .......................................................................................... 12 Using Abbreviated Commands ................................................................................................................... 12 Exit Mode ................................................................................................................................................... 13 CONFIGURATION OF OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 PASSWORDS .............................................................. 13 Configuring or Changing the System Entrance Password ............................................................. 13 Configuring or Changing the Privileged Password ....................................................................... 14 Configuring Root Password ........................................................................................................... 15 Option 1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 Option 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 CONFIGURING OPTISWITCH MASTER 400............................................................................... 17 FIRST TIME SETUP OF THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400......................................................................... 17 FOLLOWING THE FIRST TIME CONFIGURATION OF THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 ............................. 18 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR SHOW COMMANDS ................................................................................... 20 Showing the Running Configuration .............................................................................................. 20 Showing the Startup Configuration ................................................................................................ 20 FREQUENTLY USED COMMAND MODES .............................................................................................. 21 INSTALLING MODULES IN THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400................................................................... 23 The OptiSwitch Master 400 Modules ............................................................................................. 23 TURNING ON THE OPTISWITCH MASTER 400 SWITCH ROUTER ........................................................... 23 CONNECTING TO THE MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................. 24 INITIAL SWITCH ROUTER CONFIGURATIONS ....................................................................... 25 USING CONSOLE PORT AND MANAGEMENT INTERFACE ...................................................................... 25 TELNET - ACCESSING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE REMOTELY ................................................... 25 SNMP ................................................................................................................................................. 25 WEB MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ 25 ii OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Displaying the Operating Configuration........................................................................................ 26 Configuring the Host Name............................................................................................................ 27 CONFIGURATION MODES.............................................................................................................. 28 INTERFACES ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Primary IP Interface....................................................................................................................... 28 Secondary IP Interface ................................................................................................................... 29 Port Interface ................................................................................................................................. 30 Physical Port Configuration........................................................................................................... 30 Show Port Status......................................................................................................................................... 30 Setting the Duplex Mode ............................................................................................................................ 30 Setting the Port Speed Configuration.......................................................................................................... 31 Showing Port Statistics ............................................................................................................................... 31 Clearing Port Statistics................................................................................................................................ 31 ROUTING PROTOCOLS ......................................................................................................................... 32 IP Routing....................................................................................................................................... 32 Static Route..................................................................................................................................... 32 RIP (Routing Information Protocol)............................................................................................... 33 RIP Interface Customization....................................................................................................................... 34 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)................................................................................................... 35 DHCP ............................................................................................................................................. 36 Configuring Interfaces with the DHCP....................................................................................................... 37 DHCP Relay ................................................................................................................................... 38 Proxy Arp ....................................................................................................................................... 39 UPGRADING ....................................................................................................................................... 40 TROUBLESHOOTING....................................................................................................................... 41 APPENDIX A: STANDARDS COMPLIANCE ................................................................................ 43 APPENDIX B: MODULES ................................................................................................................. 43 iii OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Preface Documentation This installation and user guide explains how to operate and configure the OptiSwitch Master 400 switch router. It does not cover every feature however it does cover the most commonly used operations. A complete command reference will be available at a later date. Conventions Used in this Manual The following are conventions used to explain command usage in this manual: • Bold face font - Enter commands by typing the command • Italics font – Enter the name or parameter necessary. • [ ] – Indicates the keyword, parameter or command is optional • [x | y | z ] – Indicates the keyword, parameter or command has optional alternatives • { x | y | z } – Indicates the keyword, parameter or command has alternatives • - – Indicates a keyword, parameter or command of more than one word • ! – An (!) at the beginning of a line of code indicates a comment line. iv OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Introduction The Optical Access OptiSwitch Master 400 is a highly flexible network processing device capable of operating at Layers 3 through layer 7, providing custom tailored solutions for a wide variety of internetworking applications. The OptiSwitch Master 400 shares a powerful hardware engine with integrated CoS capabilities based on ASIC network processors, capable of analyzing and modifying any part of a data packet. In addition to the powerful hardware, the OptiSwitch Master 400 possess an integrated application platform based on the Open Linux operating system. This enables hardware acceleration to high-level inter-networking applications such as routing and policy based networking. Figure 1: General View OptiSwitch Master 400 What is IP Switching? IP switching refers to a class of high-performance routers providing both wirespeed Ethernet routing and switching services. The OptiSwitch Master 400 switch router performs the following major functions: • Packet switching • Route processing • Intelligent network services IP switch routers process more packets faster, than other routers, by using Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) hardware instead of microprocessor-based engines. Feature Summary Hardware • 4 slots chassis with integrated routing fabric and management • 2,4,and 8 100Base-Fx • 4 and 8 100Base-Tx 1 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Hardware Capabilities and Benefits The OptiSwitch Master 400 provides a complete wirespeed IP routing solution without sacrificing any features such as Quality of Service and security that are required to build a scalable network. This is achieved by using a powerful hardware engine based on network processors implemented on every port. These custom programmable processors are highly efficient and capable of analyzing and modifying any part of a frame at wirespeeds. Additionally, the network processor used is also capable of classifying and prioritizing each and every frame and enables per flow decisions such as: scheduling, routing, forwarding, rate limiting, and filtering. Lastly the unique and easy field upgradeability this network processor, ensures support for future applications and protects the initial customer investment in internetworking infrastructure. Software • Implementation of Linux Operating System • Static routing, RIP I, RIP II, OSPF • Integrated DHCP server Application • IP traffic termination for broadband service providers • Concentration and aggregation of IP traffic in a small 2U unit, ideal for co-locations • Combine with TereScope™ to create high reliability wireless optic citywide grid • Connecting ESLAM, DSLAM and CMTS to internet uplink High-end Feature Support • The OptiSwitch Master 400 is a feature-rich switch/router, allowing network managers to scale their backbone bandwidths and IP access to higher speeds. • Supports routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Versions 1 and 2, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Static routes. • Supports all the additional protocols necessary to build scalable, reliable networks, including: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server and relay agent, WAN, Security, Proxy Arp, SNMP support, Web Management, and Bridging. 2 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Managing the OptiSwitch Master 400 The user can configure the OptiSwitch Master 400 switch router by using either: • CLI - The command-line interface (CLI) terminal can be accessed either directly through the console via the COM1 port , a Telnet session or SSH. • SNMP - The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) in the OptiSwitch Master 400 can be managed by a SNMP-based network management software application such as Optical Access' MegaVision ™, or any SNMP compliant management application (MIB browsing). • Web Management – By utilizing the user’s Web browser the user can control the OSM through remote access using a graphical interface. Typical Configuration The OptiSwitch Master 400 switch router provides the high-end performance required for Internet access carrier applications. It combines versatility and flexibility with superior engineering for today’s demanding and quickly changing network environment. It is for this reason the OptiSwitch Master 400 is ideal for aggregating traffic from multiple IP switching access switches. 3 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Figure 2: Various Application Possibilities of The OptiSwitch Master 400 4 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Technical Specifications Parameters OptiSwitch Master 400 Compatibility IEEE 802.3u (Fast Ethernet), IEEE802.1d RFCs: 768 UDP, 783 TFTP 791 IP, 792 ICMP, 826 ARP, 854 Telnet, 1058 RIP, 1122 Host Requirements, 1519 CIDR, 1723 RIP v2, 1812 IP Router Requirement,2068 HTTP, 2131 BootP/DHCP Relay, 1157 SNMP v1/v2c, 1213 MIB II, 1611 PPP, FTP, OSPF* (Bridge) AC: 100 – 240 VAC DC: -57 V – -42 V Input Voltage (V) 50-60 Hz AC Line Frequency (Hz) Min. Power Consumption (W) 80 Max. Power Consumption (W) 130 Redundant Power Supply (External) Yes 440 x 516 x 91.1 Size W x D x H (mm) 17.33 x 20.31 x 4.29 Size W x D x H (inches) Weight (kg) 7 5.6 Weight (lbs.) 15.4 12.34 Operating Temperature (C) 0°C - 40°C Operating Temperature (F) 32°F - 104°F Storage Temperature (C) -10°C - 50°C Storage Temperature (F) 14°F - 122°F 85% maximum, non-condensing Humidity Diagnostic LEDs Global LEDS: P24D, SNMP, MGMT, PWR, Per Port: LINK, ACT *For a more detail description of the standards please refer to Appendix A: Standards Compliance. The OptiSwitch Master 400 may be managed by any SNMP Manager that conforms to the above standards. It is fully managed by MegaVision, Optical Access multi-platform network management system. For more information on MegaVision, view our web site, or contact Optical Access for a data sheet. The OptiSwitch Master 400 implements Optical Access proprietary MIBs. 5 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Getting Started The OptiSwitch Master 400 can operate as a stand-alone unit or in conjunction with any of the Optical Access products. The OptiSwitch Master 400 can be managed and configured via a number of possibilities such as the Optical Access MegaVision software, any SNMP-compatible NMS, the Command Line Interface (CLI) or Web Management. The following section describes the installation and operation of the OptiSwitch Master 400. OptiSwitch Master 400 Structure Front Panel The front panel of the OptiSwitch Master 400 is illustrated below in Figure 3. The table below describes its various components, LED indications and their functions. Figure 3: Front Panel View OptiSwitch Master 400 OptiSwitch Master 400 Front Panel Table 1. Module Panel Four slots for port modules One expansion slot for the WAN uplink (optional) 2. DB-9 Connector RS-232 connection for Command Line Interface management 3. Global LEDs CTRL Blinking Indicates control updates MGMT Green ON = Management enabled OFF = Management disabled PWR Green ON = Power enabled OFF = Power disabled LINK Green ON=established connection ACT Green Network signal activity 6 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide 4. PS/2 Mouse Connector Green The is the connection for a standard mouse. 5. PS/2 Connector Purple The is the connection for a standard keyboard. 6. Universal Serial Bus Black Two USB ports are available for connecting USB devices. 7. VGA Monitor Output Connection Blue This connector is for output to a VGA-compatible device. 8. Serial Port COM1 & COM2 Connectors Green This port is used to connect to an external terminal to access CLI. 9. Audio Port Connectors Green Line Out - can be connected to headphones or preferably power speakers. Ports 1& 2 Blue 10. Game Port (GP) Line In – allows tape players or other audio sources to be recorded by your computer r played through line out. Pink MIC – allows microphones to be connected for inputting voice. Yellow This port is used to connect a joystick. Rear Panel The rear panel of the OptiSwitch Master 400 houses the power connection and ON/OFF switch. In addition, a connector is available for an optional external redundant power supply. Fan holes are located on the left side of the unit and MUST NOT BE OBSTRUCTED. Setting up the OptiSwitch Master 400 The OptiSwitch Master 400 comes as a 19” rack-mountable unit. However, it can be placed either in a rack mount, using the enclosed rack-mount brackets, or on a secure flat surface. Ensure that the unit is within reach of the necessary connections (i.e. power outlet, Ethernet connections, and if the OptiSwitch Master 400 will be monitored via the serial port, a PC, UNIX workstation, or modem). The unit is powered by a wide-range power supply for either 110 or 220 VAC operation. WARNING! ! Free airflow must be maintained in order to permit adequate cooling of the unit. Do NOT block any of the unit’s ventilation holes! 7 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Rack Mounting If rack-mounted units are installed in a closed or multi-rack assembly, they may require further evaluation by certification agencies. The following items must be considered: 1. The ambient temperature within the rack may be greater than room ambient temperature, however the amount of airflow required for safe operation should not be compromised. The maximum temperature for this equipment is 50°C. Consideration should be given to the maximum rated ambient temperature. 2. Installation should be such that hazardous stability condition is not achieved due to uneven loading. Connecting Power The power cord should be plugged into an easily accessible outlet. A built-in power supply automatically adjusts to any outlet providing between 90 VAC and 264 VAC at 50/60 Hz. For a 115 volt configuration, the power cord to be used is minimum type SJT (SVT) 18/3, rated 250 Volts AC, 10 Amps with a maximum length of 15 feet. One end is terminated in an IEC 320 attachment plug, the other in a NEMA 5-15P plug. The power cord to be used with a 230 Volt configuration is minimum type SJT (SVT) 18/3, rated 250 Volts AC, 10 Amps with a maximum length of 15 feet. One end is terminated in an IEC 320 attachment plug. The other end is terminated as required by/ the country where it will be installed. FRANÇAIS Utilisez uniquement un câble secteur adapté à 230 volts, de type SJT (SVT) 18/3 minimum, 250 volts AC nominal, 10 Amps, et d’une longueur maximale de 4.5m. l’une des extrêmités étant raccordée à un connecteur Type IEC320, tandis que l’autre extrêmité correspondra aux spécifications du pays concerné. DEUTSCH Das Netzkabel ist das hauptsachliche Diskonnektionsmittel, es sollte in eine leicht erreichbare steckdos gesteckt werden. Das Netzkabel kann mit einer 230 Volts Konfiguration verwonder werden vom typ: Minimum VDE or HAR, 3 X 1.00 mm2, 250 VAC, 10 Amps, maximal 4.5m long. Ein Ende ontspriche dem Stecker IEC 320. Das andere Ende entspricht den Anfoderungen des entsprechenden Landes. Input Supply 1. Check nameplate rating to assure there is no overloading of supply circuits that could have an effect on overcurrent protection and supply wiring. 2. When installing 48 Vdc rated equipment, it must be installed only per the following conditions: 3. Connect the equipment to 48 Vdc supply source that is electrically isolated from the alternating current source. The 48 Vdc source is to be connect to a 48V dc SELV source. 4. Input wiring to terminal block must be routed and secured in such a manner that it is protect from damage and stress. Do not route wiring past sharp edges or moving parts. 5. A readily accessible disconnect device, with a 3mm minimum contact gap, shall be incorporated in the fixed wiring. 8 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Grounding Reliable grounding of this equipment must be maintained. Particular attention should be given to electrical connections when connecting to power strips, rather than direct connections to the branch circuit. Network Connections The cable connections to the 10/100BaseTX ports can be UTP or STP Category 5 and above, and cable length is limited to 100 meters on each port. STP cable carries a higher quality of signal and is less sensitive to environmental noise. The RJ-45 ports of the switch are defined as MDI-X ports. The 10/100BaseTX ports on the OptiSwitch Master 400 are designed to be connected directly to a workstation, using a standard straight through patch cable. In order to cascade switches or connect a hub to the switch, a crossover cable must be used. Figure 5: Straight cable connection between a OptiSwitch Master 400 and a workstation Figure 6: Crossover cable connection between an OptiSwitch Master 400 and a hub 9 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide General Overview of the OptiSwitch Master 400 Access Levels The OptiSwitch Master 400 has three access levels of entry depending on the knowledge, expertise, and authorization of the user. The user gains access to each level by entering the appropriate level password. The access levels are: • User mode • Privileged (enable) mode • Technical Expert (shell/linux) mode User Mode – Is the first access level. At the start of a session using the OptiSwitch Master 400, the user begins in the User mode and a limited subset of commands are available. Privileged mode – Is the second access level. It allows the user access to most of the commands. To enter this level the user must enter the CLI command ‘enable’ followed by the appropriate password. In order for the user to access configuration commands the user must enter the command configure terminal. Technical Expert mode – Is the third access level and is intended for EXPERT USERS only and allows entrance to the operating system. To enter this level the user enters the command ‘linux’. To become a root user (super user) enter the command ‘su’, followed by the root password. WARNING! ! Improper use of the shell/linux commands in the Technical Expert level root stage may cause serious damage to the OptiSwitch Master 400. General Overview of the OptiSwitch Master 400 Configuration Modes The OptiSwitch Master 400 has several configuration modes. The commands available to the user depend on which configuration mode the user is in. Refer to Extracting a List of Commands and Syntax for further explanation as to determine which commands are available to the user. If the user saves the configuration to the configuration files the commands are stored across the switch router and the same configuration remains after the OptiSwitch Master 400 reboots. The command modes are the following: • Global Configuration Mode - Configurations of the system as a whole. • Interface Configuration Mode – Configuration of interfaces and a variety of protocol-specific modes • Line Configuration Mode – Configuration of CLI commands when either virtually or directly connected to the console and the OptiSwitch master 400. • Router Configuration Mode – Configuration if routing protocols RIP, OSPF or Zebra. • DHCP Configuration Mode – Configuration of DHCP. • DHCP Relay Configuration Mode - Configuration of DHCP Relay. 10 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Command Line Interface (CLI) Extracting a List of Commands and Syntax In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a question mark (?). OSM400>? The result is the following. OSM400>? enable exit help list logout no quit show terminal who OSM400> Turn on privileged mode command Exit current mode and down to previous mode Description of the interactive help system Print command list Logout from this current session Negate a command or set its defaults Exit current mode and down to previous mode Show running system information Terminal configuration setup Display who is on vty To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in those characters followed immediately by the question mark (?). Do not include a space. This form of help is called word help, because it completes a word for you. OSM400# co? These are the options available. OSM400#co? configure copy OSM400#co Configuration from vty interface Copy software To define keywords or arguments enter a question mark after the keyword or argument. OSM400(config-ospf-router)#network? The result is the following. OSM400(config-ospf-router)#network? network Enable routing on an IP network To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument not connected. Include a space before the question mark. This form of help is called command syntax help, because it reminds you which keywords or arguments are applicable based on the command, keywords, and arguments you have already entered. OSM400(config-ospf-router)#network ? The result is the following. OSM400(config-ospf-router)#network ? A.B.C.D/M OSPF network prefix OSM100(config-ospf-router)# network To redisplay a command you previously entered, press the Up-arrow key. You can continue to press the Uparrow key to see more previously issued commands. NOTE If you are having trouble entering a command, check the system prompt, and enter the question mark (?) for a list of available commands. You might be in the wrong command mode or using incorrect syntax. 11 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Default Forms and No Commands In the OptiSwitch Master 400 switch router almost each configuration command has a ‘no’ form. Generally the ‘no’ form is used to disable a feature or function. The user can utilize the command without the keyword ‘no’ to re-enable a disabled feature or to enable a feature that is disabled by default. An example of this is the IP routing that is enabled by default. An example of this is the following: OSM400(config)#no ip route 222.122.122.100/24 11.11.11.10 This CLI command deletes the specified entry in the routing table. Configuration commands may have a default form. The default form of a command returns the specific command setting to its default. As a result many of the commands are disabled by default thus the default form is the same as the ‘no’ form. There are some commands that are enabled by default and have variables set to certain default values. In these cases, the default command enables the command and sets variables to their default values. An example of this is this is the following: OSM400#default event The above cancels event messages to the cli and is equivalent to the following: OSM400#no event cli Maneuvering/Navigating with Shortcuts The user may use the CTRL together with a combination of other characters to help navigate more easily through the OptiSwitch Master 400. The following commands allow the user to move the cursor around the command line Navigating Around the Command Line Use the following commands to move the cursor around on the command line to make corrections or changes: Step Keystrokes Purpose 1. Ctrl-B or the left arrow key Move the cursor back (to the left) one character. 2. Ctrl-F or the right arrow key Move the cursor forward (to the right) one character. 3. Ctrl-A. Move the cursor to the beginning of the command line. 4. Ctrl-E. Move the cursor to the end of the command line. 5. Esc B. Move the cursor back one word. 6. Esc F. Move the cursor forward one word. Using Abbreviated Commands Commands and keywords maybe abbreviated by entering just enough characters to distinguish it from other commands i.e. the user can abbreviate the show command to sh and the configure terminal command to conf t. 12 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Exit Command When the user types exit, the switch router backs out one level. The user can press Ctrl-Z in any mode to immediately return to the Privileged (enable) mode, instead of entering exit, which returns the user to the previous mode. Configuration of OptiSwitch Master 400 Passwords The OptiSwitch Master 400 has three categories of passwords that can be configured: an entrance to the OptiSwitch Master 400 system password (first level), an enable password (second level) and a Linux/root password (third level). System Entrance Password- The password should only be given to users that are allowed access to the switch router. Enable Password- The enable password should only be given to users that are permitted to configure the device (administrator). This password allows access to all CLI commands and configuration commands. Linux/root Password - This password allows the “Super User” access to the operating system. NOTE The above described passwords are secure and encrypted, designed to prevent unauthorized configuration changes. It is recommended not to use: words from a dictionary (in any language), any type of name (or any variation of a personal or account name), personal accessible information about the user (i.e. telephone number, address, Identity card # etc.), birthday etc. General rules for password configuration are: that the password use a mixture of uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters and punctuation, the first character cannot be a number, ensure it's unrelated to any previous password, use long passwords (approximately 8 characters long). The above principles are partially enforced by the system, caution on the part of the user will make the system more secure. Configuring or Changing the System Entrance Password To configure the system entrance password the following steps must be taken. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400>enable Enters enable mode. Password: OSM400 # 2. OSM400#configure terminal Enters global configuration mode. The user may abbreviate the command to con t. OSM400(config)# The OptiSwitch Master 400 (config)# prompt indicates the user is in the global configuration mode. 3. Enter the current password used to access the system and press the carriage return key.. OSM400(config)#password Changing password for admin (current) UNIX password: current password 13 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide 4. New UNIX Password: new password Type the desired password. 5. Retype new UNIX password: new password Re-enter the desired password. 6. Passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully Acknowledgement of password has been accepted. 7. OSM400(config)#exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400# 8. OSM400# write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files Configuring or Changing the Privileged Password To configure the privileged mode password the following steps must be taken. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400>enable Enters enable mode. Password: OSM400 # 2. OSM400#configure terminal Enters global configuration mode. The user may abbreviate the command to con t. OSM400 (config)# The OptiSwitch OSM100 (config)# prompt indicates the user is in the global configuration mode. 3. Enters the enable password mode. OSM400(config)#enable password {8 | Line password} 8 - Specifies a hidden password will follow OSM00 (config)# 4. LINE specifies the unencrypted (cleartext) 'enable' password OSM400 (config)#exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400 # 5. OSM400 #write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files 14 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Configuring Root Password There are two methods available to change the root password. Option 1 To configure the Technical Expert mode password the following steps must be taken. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400>enable Enters enable mode. Password: OSM400 # 2. OSM400#linux Enters the Technical Expert mode. [admin@osm]# 3. Enters the root mode. [admin@osm]# su Password: password +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++ BEWARE, YOU ARE SUPERUSER! +++ +++ ANY CHANGES IN SYSTEM CONFIGURATION + +++ MAY SERIOUSLY DAMAGE THE ROUTER! +++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [root@osm]# 4. [root@osr]# passwd Enters the new password. New UNIX password: new password 5. Re-enters the new password. Retype new UNIX password: new password passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully [root@osr]# NOTE The root password should not be revealed or written anywhere in order to unauthorized users to avoid damage or unwanted changes to the operating system. 15 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Option 2 Step Command Purpose 1. OptiSwitch Master, version 1.1.7 Red Hat Linux release 6.1 (Cartman) Kernel 2.2.14-OSR_15 on an i586 osm login: root Enters the Technical Expert mode 2. Password: password Enter the password. 3. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Enters the root mode. +++ BEWARE, YOU ARE SUPERUSER! +++ +++ ANY CHANGES IN SYSTEM CONFIGURATION + +++ MAY SERIOUSLY DAMAGE THE ROUTER! +++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [root@osm]# 4. [root@osr]# passwd Enters the new password. New UNIX password: new password 5. Re-enters the new password. Retype new UNIX password: new password passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully [root@osr]# NOTE The root password should not be revealed or written anywhere in order to unauthorized users to avoid damage or unwanted changes to the operating system. 16 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Configuring OptiSwitch Master 400 Configuring the OptiSwitch Master 400 for the first time requires the user to define a number of parameters. The user must define a root and login password according to the following steps. First Time Setup of the OptiSwitch Master 400 1. When turning on the OptiSwitch Master 400 for the first time the following will appear. OptiSwitch Master 400, version osm-1.1.7 Red Hat Linux release 6.1 (Cartman) Kernel 2.2.14-OSR_15 on an i686 osm login: 2. In the “osm login” prompt enter the command ‘root’. OptiSwitch Master 400, version osm-1.1.7 Red Hat Linux release 6.1 (Cartman) Kernel 2.2.14-OSR_15 on an i686 osm login: root 3. The following will appear. --- CHANGE ROOT PASSWORD --New UNIX password: new password 4. Enter the password desired to configure the root (super user) password in the system. 5. The following box appears. Retype the desired password. Retype new UNIX password: new password 6. The following message appears. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully 7. Enter the router’s user (administrator) password. Enter the password desired to configure the entrance into the system. --- CHANGE ADMIN PASSWORD --New UNIX password: new password 8. The following box appears. Retype the desired password. Retype new UNIX password: new password 9. The following message appears. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully 10. The user is now ready to login with the new passwords configured. NOTE Refer to Configuration of OptiSwitch Master 400 Passwords. # - Indicates the user is in the Privileged ‘Enable’ mode. The root password should not be revealed or written anywhere in order to unauthorized users to avoid damage or unwanted changes to the operating system. 17 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Following the First Time Configuration of the OptiSwitch Master 400 The following are instructions the user needs to follow when entering the OptiSwitch Master 400 for the second time and after. 1. Turn on the OptiSwitch Master 400 after the device initialization is complete (approximately two and a half minutes). The following will appear. OptiSwitch Master, version osm-1.1.7 Red Hat Linux release 6.1 (Cartman) Kernel 2.2.14-OSR_15 on an i686 login: osm login: 2. The default osm login is ‘admin’ (all letters in lowercase). Enter the password (refer to Configuring Passwords) OptiSwitch Master, version osm-1.1.7 Red Hat Linux release 6.1 (Cartman) Kernel 2.2.14-OSR_15 on an i686 Osm login: admin Password:password 3. The following will appear. Optical Access OptiSwitch Master 400 version osm-1.1.7 Based on zebra (version 0.88) Copyright 1996-1999 Kunihiro Ishiguro OSM400> 4. The commands available to the user depends on the mode the user is currently in. To get a list of the commands available in a given mode, type a question mark (?) at the system prompt. The following is the result when typing (?) in the User mode. enable help list logout no rip show terminal who zebra 5. Turn on privileged mode command Description of the interactive help system Print command list Logout from this current session Negate a command or set its defaults Show rip specific commands Show running system information Terminal configuration setup Display who is on vty Show zebra specific commands To enter the privileged mode the user must enter the command enable and password. (If the password has not been configured yet the administrator may configure a password for the Privileged mode, refer to Configuring or Changing the Privileged Password). OSM400>enable Password: password OSM400# 18 OptiSwitch Master 400 6. Installation and User Guide From the Privileged mode, the user can type in any command or access the global configure mode. The commands available in the Privileged mode are the following: OSM400# clear configure copy date debug disable end exit help linux list logout no ping quit reboot service show tcpdump telnet terminal time upgrade who write OSM400# 7. Preliminary Draft Reset functions Configuration from vty interface Copy software Set the system date Turn on privileged debugging commands Turn off privileged mode command End current mode and change to enable mode. Exit current mode and down to previous mode Description of the interactive help system Open linux shell Print command list Logout from this current session Negate a command or set its defaults Ping program Exit current mode and down to previous mode Reboot system Set up miscellaneous service Show running system information Tcpdump program Telnet program Terminal configuration setup Set the System time Upgrade software Display who is on vty Manage factory configurations To access the global configuration mode, after entering the ‘enable’ command and password the user must follow with the ‘configure terminal’ command. The user can also abbreviate the command to con t. Refer to the following example: OSM400# con t OSM400(config)# The OSM400(config)# prompt indicates the user is in the global configuration mode. 8. Most of the commands are one-time commands, such as show commands, which show the current configuration status. 19 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide General Guidelines for Show Commands The show command illustrates for the user the current configuration status of a particular command(s) in the OptiSwitch Master 400. The ‘show’ command is available for almost every configuration or function in the switch router. The standard syntax is ‘show’ {configuration | function}’. An example of the show options in the User Mode are the following: OSM400> show date dhcp dhcprelay fib history interface ip lt memory port table time version OSM400> show ? Show the system date DHCP configuration Show the configuration with which the relay agent will run FIB configuration Display the session command history Interface information IP information MAC Learning table configuration Memory statistics Port configuration default routing table to use for all clients Show the System time Show version Showing the Running Configuration After an interface is configured the user can check the status by using the show command. From the Privileged access mode: Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400>enable Enters enable mode. Password: password OSM400# 2. OSM400#show running-config Shows the running configuration operating (however not permanently stored in the NVRAM). Showing the Startup Configuration The user can check the startup configuration of the OptiSwitch Master 400 by using the show command. From the privileged access mode: Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400>enable Enters enable mode. Password: password OSM400# 2. OSM400#show startup-config Shows the startup configuration. 20 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Frequently Used Command Modes Table 1 lists and describes the most commonly used modes, how to enter the modes, and the resulting system prompts. The system prompt helps you identify which mode you are in and, therefore, which commands are available to you. Table 1 Frequently Used Command Modes Command Mode Description of Use How to Access Prompt Exit Method User Mode User may change terminal settings on a temporary basis, perform basic tests, connect to remote devices, and display system information. log in. OSM400> Use the logout command. Privileged (Enable) Mode User may set some operating parameters. The privileged command set includes all the commands in the User mode in addition to the network administrator commands. Use this command to access the other command modes. From the User mode, enter the cli command ‘enable’ and the password. OSM400# To exit back to the User mode, use the exit command. Technical Expert Configuration Configuring features in the operating system. To be used by experienced users From the Privileged mode, enter the linux command. [OSM400@osm]# To exit back to the Privileged mode, use the exit command. Global configuration Configure features that affect the system as a whole. From the Privileged mode, enter the configure terminal command. OSM400 (config)# To exit to the Privileged mode, use the exit or end command or press Ctrl-Z. Interface configuration In this system features are enabled for a particular interface. From global configuration mode, enter the interface type location command i.e. enter interface vif3 for Fast Ethernet interface. OSM400(config-if)# To exit to the Interface configuration mode, use the exit or end command or press Ctrl-Z. 21 To enter global configuration mode, use the configure terminal Privileged command. OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Command Mode Description of Use How to Access Prompt Exit Method Line configuration From the directly connected console or the virtual terminal used with Telnet, use this configuration mode to configure the console port. From the global configuration mode, enter the vty command to configure the console port OSM400(configline)# To exit either close the Telnet session, exit using the direction terminal connection or use the exit command. DHCP Enters the router configuration mode and access to the DHCP configuration mode From the Privileged mode, enter the configure terminal command followed by the dhcp command. OSM400(configdhcp)# To exit the DHCP configuration mode use either the exit command end command or press Ctrl Z.. DHCP Relay Enters the router configuration mode and access to the DHCP Relay protocol mode. From the Privileged mode, enter the configure terminal command followed by the dhcprelay command. OSM400(configdhcprelay)# To exit the DHCP Relay configuration mode either use the exit command, end command or press Ctrl Z. RIP Enters the router configuration mode and access to the RIP configuration mode. From the Privileged mode, enter the configure terminal command followed by the router rip command. OSM00(config-riprouter)# To exit the RIP configuration mode either use the exit command, end command or press Ctrl Z. OSPF Enters the router configuration mode and access to the OSPF configuration mode From the Privileged mode, enter the configure terminal command followed by the router ospf command. OSM400(configospf-router)# To exit the OSPF configuration mode either use the exit command, end command or press Ctrl Z. 22 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Command Mode Description of Use How to Access Prompt Exit Method Zebra Enters the Zebra configuration mode From the Privileged mode, enter the configure terminal command followed by the router zebra command. OSM400(configrouter)# To exit the Zebra configuration mode either use the exit command, end command or press Ctrl Z. Technical Expert Configuration Configuring features in the operating system. To be used by experienced users. From the Privileged mode, enter the linux command. [OSM400@osm]# To exit back to the Privileged mode, use the exit command. From the linux / shell mode enter the su command followed by the password. [root@osm]# To exit back to the Privileged mode, use the exit command. Installing Modules in the OptiSwitch Master 400 The modules are field-installable modules. Follow the procedure below to ensure proper installation: 1. Power OFF the OptiSwitch Master 400 switch and wait for complete shutdown. 2. Carefully slide an OptiSwitch Master 400 module into a free slot and press firmly to insert. 3. Tighten the thumb screws securely. 4. Power ON the OptiSwitch Master 400 switch. The OptiSwitch Master requires a few minutes until it is completely loaded. The OptiSwitch Master 400 Modules For further information refer to Appendix B: Modules. Turning on the OptiSwitch Master 400 Switch Router Below is a short review of tasks the user should complete during hardware installation. These steps must be executed and completed before the user can configure the OptiSwitch Master 400 switch router. 1. Ensure the switch router is set for the correct AC (or DC) power voltages. 2. Connect the correct cables to the OptiSwitch Master 400. 23 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft 3. Connect a console terminal to the OptiSwitch Master 400. 4. Start up the OptiSwitch Master 400. Installation and User Guide Connecting to the Management With the product we supply a management cable. You can use it to get access to the management port. To configure the serial ports do the following items: 1. Connect the cable provided to COM1 port in the OptiSwitch 400 and communication interface (either COM1 or COM2) of your PC. 2. Start the terminal program and create a new connection with the property set to 9600 bits per second, 8 bits per character and no flow control. 3. Start HyperTerminal session and then type Enter to enable the login prompt. 4. The following readout will appear: OptiSwitch Master, version osm-1.1.7 Red Hat Linux release 6.1 (Cartman) Kernel 2.2.14-OSR_15 on an i686 osm login: Password: 5. Refer to the chapter discussing First Time Setup of the OptiSwitch Master 400. 24 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Initial Switch Router Configurations Using Console Port and Management Interface If the user wants to configure the device using the Web Management feature, SNMP, or Telnet, the user must assign an IP interface address to any Fast Ethernet port or group of ports on the OptiSwitch Master 400 that will serve as a management interface. It is essential to ensure that a router exists between the Web browser or the SNMP manager and the router. Alternatively, the OptiSwitch Master 400 can be configured from a direct console connection to the COM1 port (Refer to Figure 3: Front Panel View OptiSwitch Master 400). If the user is using a direct console connection, the terminal emulation program should be configured for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Telnet - Accessing the Command Line Interface Remotely When the switch has an IP address, the administrative interface can be remotely accessed through Telnet. All commands work exactly as if the serial interface is being used. SNMP The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is another alternative used to manage the OptiSwitch Master 400 switch router. It assumes that the user is utilizing an SNMP-based network management software application such as Optical Access MegaVision ™ to manage the switch router. SNMP is an Internet standard protocol, defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comment (RFC) 1157, which specifies how network management information is carried through a network. Optical Access switches support SNMP by implementing an SNMP agent. The agent stores Management Information Base (MIB) data and makes it available when requested via SNMP Set, Get, and Get_Next requests. NOTE A route must be defined from the device to the SNMP manager through the console. Web Management The OptiSwitch Master 400 has an on-line Web Management interface that can be used to set or change the system configuration and monitor system activity. The OptiSwitch Master 400 Web Management application communicates with the system by translating HTML requests to OptiSwitch Master 400 internal CLI commands. 25 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Displaying the Operating Configuration The user can display the configuration file when in the Privileged (Enable) mode. To view the currently operating configuration, enter the following command at the enable prompt: OSM400# show running-config The following is an example of the output: OSM400# show running-config For example: hostname NewMaster log syslog ! ! ! port vlan configuration ! ! ! ip vlan interface configuration ! interface ethernet vif1 ip 194.90.136.89/24 1 VLAN_1 management ! interface ethernet vif2 ip 194.90.139.1/28 2-6 VLAN_2 management ! interface ethernet vif3 ip 194.90.139.17/28 7-12 VLAN_3 management --More-- NOTE ! – An (!) at the beginning of a line of code indicates a comment line. To see the configuration stored in the disc (that will be set in the next reboot) enter the following command: OSM400# show startup-config all OSM400# show startup-config all :::::::::::::: /usr/local/etc/system.conf :::::::::::::: ! ! System configuration saved from vty ! 2000/10/08 07:47:41 ! ! ! port vlan configuration ! ! ! ip vlan interface configuration ! interface ethernet vif1 ip 194.90.136.89/24 1 VLAN_1 management ! interface ethernet vif2 ip 194.90.139.1/28 2-6 VLAN_2 management ! interface ethernet vif3 ip 194.90.139.17/28 7-12 VLAN_3 management ! interface ethernet vif4 ip 194.90.139.33/28 13-18 VLAN_4 management --More--(27%) 26 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide If the user made any changes to the configuration, and did not record the changes to the NVRAM, a discrepancy between the results of the show running-config command and the results of the show startup-config command. In order to rectify the discrepancy the user must save changes to the NVRAM by using the write file command. Configuring the Host Name The initial configuration should also include the host name to make configuration easier and easily troubleshoot the switch router. To configure the host name is done in the following manner in the enable mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400# configure terminal Enters global configuration mode. Router(config)# 2. OSM400(config)# hostname name-string (i.e. Master) Enters a system name. In this example, we set the hostname to Master. 3. Master (config)# exit Returns to previous mode. Master # 4. Master # write file Saves the configuration changes to the NVRAM. 27 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Configuration Modes Proper definition of a port and slot is critical to avoid syntax errors. A port is defined as slot-number.portnumber therefore port 8 in slot 4 is written as 4.8. If the user wants to define a range of ports it is defined as slot-number.lower-range-port-number to slot-number.upper-range-port-number therefore if the user wants to define the port range of 8-10 in slot 2 the user must write 2.8 – 2.10. Interfaces Primary IP Interface The following is a primary standard interface mode. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# interface ethernet ifname ip {ip-address/subnetmask} port-range symbolic-name Enters the following: interface configuration mode, Ethernet configuration mode, interface name (i.e. vif3), Ethernet IP mode, IP address and subnetmask (i.e. A.B.C.D./M), and port range. OSM400(config-if)# The subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork. 2. OSM400 (config-if)# exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400 (config)# 3. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files An example of the above interface is the following (continue from the “configure terminal” access mode): OSM400(config)# interface ethernet vif2 ip 192.168.1.1/24 2.8 OSM400(config-if)# The above command will cerate an ip interfacefor subnet 192.168.1.0 on Ethernet port 2.8 (that is slot 2, port 8). The identifier for the interface is vif2. 28 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Secondary IP Interface The following is a secondary standard interface format. A secondary interface can be defined only after the primary interface has been defined. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config-if)# interface ethernet ifname ip {ip-address/subnetmask} {portrange} secondary [symbolic-name] Enter the following parameters: configuration mode, interface Ethernet configuration mode, interface name (i.e.vif3), the Ethernet IP mode, IP address and subnetmask. (i.e. A.B.C.D./M), symbolic name of the interface. OSM400(config)# The subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork. 2. OSM400 (config-if)# exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400 (config)# 3. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files An example of the above interface is the following (continue from the “configure terminal” access mode): OSM400(config)# interface ethernet vif2:1 ip 192.168.2.1/24 2.1 secondary 29 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Port Interface The following is an interface for the broadcast domain for a group of ports. . Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# interface ethernet ifname port port-range symbolic-name Enter the following parameters: interface configuration mode, interface Ethernet configuration mode, interface name (i.e.vif3), port numbers, port range (i.e. 8-10) symbolic name of the interface. OSM400(config-if)# 2. OSM400 (config-if)# exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400 (config)# 3. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files Physical Port Configuration The OptiSwitch Master 400 allows the user to physically configure the ports through a number of straight forward commands. Show Port Status The OptiSwitch Master 400 allows the user to view the port status by using the ‘show’ command. Continue from the ‘configure terminal’ access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# show port Shows the user the status of all the ports. OSM400(config)# Setting the Duplex Mode The following are the commands used to set the duplex mode. Continue from the ‘configure terminal’ access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)#port duplex {half | full} {PORTS-GROUP | all} Enter the following parameters: port mode, duplex mode, half or full option, either all or group ports*. OSM400(config)# *PORTS-GROUP includes both the port(s) and slot number(s). Therefore the number 3.4 indicates slot 3 port 4. 2. OSM400(config-if)# exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400 (config)# 3. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files 30 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Setting the Port Speed Configuration The following are the commands used to set the port speed configuration. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# )# port speed {10 | 100 | auto} {PORTS-GROUP | all} Enters port configuration, speed option, and ports chosen with this characteristic. OSM400(config)# 2. OSM400(config)# exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400# 3. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files Showing Port Statistics The following are the commands used to show the port statistics. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# show port statistics Shows port statistics. OSM400(config)# 2. OSM400(config)# exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400# Clearing Port Statistics The following are the commands used to clear the port. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)#port clear-counters Enters port configuration and clear counter mode. OSM400(config)# 2. OSM400(config)# exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400# 31 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Routing Protocols IP Routing IP routing is the selection of a preferred path for forwarding packets from one IP network to another. The user defines an IP network by creating an IP address and a subnet mask. IP networks are logical networks; therefore, associations of one or more IP networks with an interface is possible. When a host on an IP network needs to send a data packet to a host on another IP network, the host sends the packet to an IP router or gateway on its local network. The IP router forwards the packet to the destination host’s network, or to an intermediary router along the path to the destination. The packet may be handled by several routers before it reaches the destination network. Static Route A static route specifies a transmission path to another network. The user configures a static route if the user desires to restrict the paths that the packets follow to paths the user specifically configures. Static routes remain in the IP routing tables until the user removes them. (If the interface used to reach the next hop in the static route becomes disabled, the static route disappears from the IP routing table.) The following are the commands used to set the static route. Continue from the ‘configure terminal’ access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# ip route static-route-ip {if name | gateway ip} Enters the static route command, static route ip address/subnet mask (i.e. A.B.C.D/M), interface name (i.e. vif3) or gateway ip. OSM400(config)# The subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork. 6. OSM400(config)# Ctrl Z Reverts back to the privileged mode. OSM400# 7. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files 32 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide RIP (Routing Information Protocol) RIP is a widely-used protocol for managing routing information within a self-contained homogeneous network such as a corporate local area network (LAN) or an interconnected group of such LANs. A RIP gateway operates through a gateway protocols in the router and sends its entire routing table (which lists all the other networks it knows about) to its closest neighbor host every 30 seconds. The neighbor router in turn will pass the information on to its next neighbor and so on until all hosts within the network have the same knowledge of routing paths. Each host with a router in the network uses the routing table information to determine the next host to route a packet to for a specified destination. In larger, more complicated networks, RIP's transmission of the entire routing table every 30 seconds becomes inefficient. Limitations include a maximum hop count of 15, lack of support of variable-length subnet masks, inefficient use of bandwidth and slow convergence put a heavy amount of extra traffic in the network. The alternative to RIP is RIP II which supports subnet masking. The OptiSwitch Master 400 supports both protocols. The following are the commands used to set the RIP protocol. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# router rip Defines RIP as the routing protocol and begins the RIP routing process. OSM400(config-rip-router)# 2. Specifies a directly connected network which will enable rip on the specified network. This is not a subnet number or individual address. Rip routing process associates interfaces with the appropriate addresses and begins processing packets on the specified network. OSM400 (config-rip-router)# network IPV4_ADDR OSM400(config-rip-router)# 3. Specifies the RIP version (either I or II) OSM400(config-rip-router)# version versionnumber OSM400(config-rip-router)# 4. OSM400(config-rip-router)# redistribute connected The router’s local connected interface are redistributed. OSM400(config-rip-router)# 5. The router’s local static interface are redistributed. OSM400(config-rip-router)# redistribute static OSM400(config-rip-router)# 6. OSM400(config-rip-router)# Ctrl Z Reverts back to the privileged mode. OSM400# 7. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files 33 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide RIP Interface Customization The OptiSwitch Master 400 allows the user to customize the interface used by choosing RIP I or RIP II (as shown above) or integrating an authentication. NOTE In the example below, when using the “interface” cli command it is assumed that the interface has been pre-configured. The following are the commands used to customize the RIP protocol. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# interface interface-name Enters the interface configurations mode to configure the interface. OSM400(config-if)# 2. OSM400(config-if)# rip version versionnumber Specifies the RIP version (either I or II) OSM400(config-if-au)# 3. Enter the authentication string. OSM400(config-if)# ip rip authentication authentication-string OSM400(config-if-au)# 4. OSM400(config-if-au)# Ctrl Z Reverts back to the privileged mode. OSM400# 5. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files 34 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol developed for Internet Protocol (IP) networks and is designated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as one of several Interior Gateway Protocols. OSPF has two primary characteristics. The first is that the protocol is open, which means that its specification is in the public domain. The second principal characteristic is that OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that calls for the sending of link-state advertisements (LSAs) to all other routers within the same hierarchical area. Information on attached interfaces, metrics used, and other variables is included in OSPF LSAs. As OSPF routers accumulate link-state information, they use the SPF algorithm to calculate the shortest path to each node. As a link-state routing protocol, OSPF contrasts with RIP which is a distance-vector routing protocol. Routers running the distance-vector algorithm send all or a portion of their routing tables in routing-update messages to their neighbors. The following is a standard OSPF configuration. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400 (config)#router ospf Defines OSPF ad the routing protocol and beings the OSPF routing process. OSM(config-ospf-router)# 2. OSM(config-ospf-router)# router-id routerip-address Defines the router that utilizes OSPF.. 3. OSM400(config-ospf-router)# network net-number Specifies a directly connected network this is not a subnet number or individual address. OSPF routing process associates interfaces with the appropriate addresses and begins processing packets on the specified network. This address may or may not have a subnet mask. 4. OSM400(config-ospf-router)#redistribute static The router’s locally static routers are redistributed. 6. OSM400(config-ospf-router)#Ctrl Z Returns to the previous mode. OSM400(config)# 7. OSM400 # write file Saves the configuration changes to the NVRAM. 35 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide DHCP The DHCP protocol allows a host, that is unknown to the network administrator to be automatically assigned a new IP address out of a pool of IP addresses for its network. In order for this to work, the network administrator allocates address pools in each subnet. Empty subnets are automatically assigned when creating an IP interface, according to the interface IP and netmask. In order to complete the definition of the subnet, a subnet range, a subnet-mask and router should be added. The latter two are not compulsory. To activate the dhcp daemon, all configurations should be completed, followed by entering the “dhcp enable” command. The “write file” command will ensure that the configuration is run on startup. When a client requests an address using the DHCP protocol, it is assigned a “lease”, which expires based on the time allocated by the administrator (by default, one day). Before leases expire, the clients to which leases are assigned are expected to renew them in order to continue the use of these addresses. Once a lease has expired, the client to which that lease was assigned can no longer use the leased IP address. The following are the commands used to set the DHCP protocol. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# dhcp Enters the dhcp mode. 2. OSM400(config-dhcp)# default-lease-time time A default lease time is given if no specific lease time is assigned (measure in seconds). * 3. OSM400(config-dhcp)# max-lease-time maximum-time A maximum lease time (in seconds) for client requesting a lease time. 4. OSM400(config-dhcp)# domain-name domain-name Specifies the domain name that the client should use when resolving host names via the DNS e.g “opticalaccess.com” 5. OSM400(config-dhcp)# domain-name server server- ip Specifies the domain name server available to the client. 6. OSM400(config-dhcp)# show dhcp configuration Shows the user the current dhcp configuration in the system 7. OSM400(config-dhcp)# Ctrl Z Reverts back to the privileged mode. OSM400# 10. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files * Default Lease Time - A default lease time will be given to a client for cases that no time interval is request by the client. ** Maximum Lease Time – The maximum lease time interval is given to the client even if the client requests a larger time interval. 36 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Configuring Interfaces with the DHCP As part of the dhcp requirement, the subnet must be configured in order for the dhcp to operate. The user must enter the dhcp mode as written above and define the ranges. The following are the commands used to configure interfaces with the DHCP protocol. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# dhcp Enters the dhcp mode. OSM400 (config-dhcp)# 2. OSM400(config-dhcp)# entry Enables the user to define the subnet entry configuration. 3. OSM400(config-dhcp-subnet)# range upperrange lower-range The user defines the range with a lower ip and upper ip respectively of a pool from which the server is to allocate addresses. OSM400(config-dhcp-subnet)# 4. The user defines the router used. OSM400(config-dhcp-subnet)# router routerip OSM400(config-dhcp-subnet)# 5. OSM400(config-dhcp-subnet)# subnet-mask mask The user sets the sub-netmask (if none is given the interface mask is used). OSM400(config-dhcp-subnet)# 6. OSM400(config-dhcp-subnet)#Ctrl Z Reverts back to the privileged mode. OSM400# 10. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files 37 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide DHCP Relay DHCP Relay Agent, DHCP Relay, provides a means for relaying DHCP requests from a subnet to which no DHCP server is directly connected to one or more DHCP servers on other subnets The DHCP Relay Agent listens for DHCP requests on all interfaces attached to a host, unless one or more interface is specified, using the "interface" command. To enable c execute the following commands: The following are the commands used to configure the DHCRELAY mode. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)# dhcprelay Enters the dhcprelay mode. OSM400 (config-dhcprelay)# 2. OSM400 (config-dhcprelay)# server server-ip Allows the user to allocate a server to forward to the dhcp requests. OSM400 (config-dhcprelay)# 3. OSM400 (config-dhcprelay)# interface Allows the user to define an interface to listen to the dhcp requests. 4. OSM400 (config-dhcprelay)# {enable | disable} dhcprelay Enables or disables the dhcprelay mode and runs the daemon if enabled. 5. OSM400(config-dhcprelay)# Ctrl Z Reverts back to the privileged mode. OSM400# 6. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files NOTE In the event one or more interfaces are assigned the user must specify the server interface as well. 38 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Proxy Arp The OptiSwitch Master 400 supports the Proxy Address Resolution Protocol (Proxy ARP). Proxy ARP is an IP service that enables hosts with older IP implementations, which do not understand IP subnets to coexist in a network topology with partitioned subnets. Proxy ARP enables the router to serve as a proxy for destinations on a subnet, to answer arp requests and to forward traffic from hosts to the destinations. Note: When using the “interface” cli command it is assumed that the interface has been pre-configured. The following are the commands used to configure the PROXY ARP mode. Continue from the “configure terminal” access mode. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400(config)#interface ifname Enters the interface mode to configure the interface. OSM400(config) 2. OSM400(config)#proxy-arp Enables the Proxy Arp mode OSM400(config) 4. OSM400 (config)#exit Returns to the previous mode. OSM400# 5. OSM400 # write file Saves configuration changes to configuration files 39 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Upgrading The OptiSwitch Master 400 maybe upgraded remotely by using FTP applications. The update is executed with the switch acting a FTP client. The new software file to be downloaded should be available on the ftp server. Step Command Purpose 1. OSM400>enable Enters enable mode. Password: password OSM400# 2. Enters ftp mode, ftp server ip/remote directory (i.e. /pub), remote file name (osm1.1.4.tar.gz). OSM400# upgrade ftp ftp-server-ip remotedirectory remote-file-name Start the upgrading process Get upgrade packet by ftp... ...done Unpacking the packet... ...done System is going to reboot. The upgrading process will continue during the next boot. DON'T TURN OFF THE ROUTER DURING THE BOOT YOU CAN SEE THE BOOT PROGRESS ON THE SERIAL PORT OSM400# NOTE There must be a route defined between the device and the ftp server. 40 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Troubleshooting The OptiSwitch Master 400 is a highly reliable unit. If you encounter an operating problem, follow the troubleshooting steps below. If the problem persists, contact your local Optical Access representative. 1. 2. Problem What to do? The device is switched on but you don’t see anything on the terminal connected to the COM1 port. Check the following: Login with user admin fails. Slow response to cli commands No response to cli command Failed to add interface. No reponse to ping. 1. The terminal is connected to the COM1 port and not the RS232 port 2. Did you wait long enough? 3. Reset again and check the startup procedure. Check the following: 1. Did you enter the correct password? 2. Reset again and check if the startup procedure succeeded. Check the following: 1. process with high CPU usage (top) 2. A lot of traffic towards the CPU (show interface statistics) Check the following: 1. Check log file (show syslog) 2. CTRL-], exit and try to login again. Check the following: 1. VIF is not occupied by another interface. 2. Port overlapping on the same vlan type (IP, Ports). Check the following: 1. ping the localhost (stack loopback) 2. Ping locally attached station 3. Do we have an interface definition for the destination. 4. Do we have route to the destination & route back from the destination to us. 5. Tcpdump on interface Ping to the device is working but Telnet / snmp / Webmanagment is not. Check the following: Two hosts on the same subnet can’t communicate Check the following: Two hosts on different locally attached subnets can’t communicate Check the following: 1. 1. interface is defined as management interface. In the list learning table (show lt) 1. Try to ping from each one to the router’s Ips 2. In the list fib table (show fib). 41 OptiSwitch Master 400 Can’t access from a host to the internet Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Check the following: 1. Try to ping to the router’s IP 2. Try to ping to the next hop. 3. Did you configure default gateway entry (show ip route, ip route) After compiling the above information, contact your local Optical Access representative or a Customer Service Representative. In addition, if you have specific questions about your network configuration, or have a particularly difficult network, please call our technical support. Contacts USA 1-818-773-0900 International 972-4-993-6200 [email protected] www.opticalaccess.com 42 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide Appendix A: Standards Compliance The OptiSwitch Master 400 complies with the following standards: • RFC 768 - UDP • RFC 1519 - CIDR • RFC 783 – TFTP • RFC 1075 – DVMRP • RFC 791 – IP • RFC 1112 – IGMP • RFC 792 – ICMP • RFC 1661 - PPP • RFC 793 - TCP • RFC 2888 - VRRP • RFC 826 - ARP • RFC 854 – Telnet • RFC 1058 – RIP V1 • RFC 1122 - Host Requirements* • RFC 1519 – CIDR • RFC 1723 - RIP V2 • RFC 2328 – OSPF • RFC 1812 - IP Router Requirement • RFC 2068 – HTTP • RFC 2131 - BootP/DHCP Relay • RFC 1157 - SNMP v1/v2c • RFC 1213 - MIB II, 1611c The UDP/IP stack implementation conforms to: * RFC 1122 - Requirements for Internet hosts - communication layers. Appendix B: Modules Code Description OSM400/AC OptiSwitch Master 400, IP Platform, 4-slot 10/100/1000 Chassis (90-240v AC) OSM400/DC OptiSwitch Master 400, IP Platform, 4-slot 10/100/1000 Chassis (48v DC) EM2006-8TP 8 port 10/100Base TX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (RJ45) 43 OptiSwitch Master 400 Preliminary Draft Installation and User Guide EM2006-4TP 4 port 10/100Base TX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (RJ45) EM2006-2FO/M Dual port 100Base FX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (MM, 1310nm, 0-2km, DSC) EM2006-2FO/S1 Dual port 100Base FX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (SM, 1310nm, 0-25km, DSC) EM2006-8MT/M 8 port 100Base FX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (MM, 1310nm, 0-2km, MT RJ) EM2006-8MT/S1 8 port 100Base FX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (SM, 1310nm, 0-15km, MT-RJ) EM2006-8LC/M 8 port 100Base FX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (MM, 1310nm, 0-2km, LC) EM2006-8LC/S1 8 port 100Base FX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (SM, 1310nm, 0-15km, LC) EM2006-8VF/M 8 port 100Base FX Uplink for the OptiSwitch Master™ (SM, 1310nm, 0-2km, VF) 102

Osm400 User Guide

Rating

Date

Size

Views

Categories

Share

Transcript

Forgot your password?.