Transcript
PCIe MLC NAN D Flash SSD
Z-Drive 4500 Enterprise PCIe SSD
The OCZ PCIe Z-Drive 4500 SSDs are designed specifically to address Enterprise storage and computing applications where demanding performance, reliability, and the total cost of ownership (TCO) are major factors.
Solution Datasheet
PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 Revision History Rev.
Date
By
Reason For Change
1
1/21/2014
Product Management
Initial draft.
2
2/28/2014
Product Management
Corrected Typos
3
3/10/2014
Product Management
Corrected 4K sustained R/W values
2 Released January 2014 OCZ CONFIDENTIAL
OCZ Storage Solutions – a Toshiba Group Company reserves the right to change products or specifications without notice. 2013 OCZ Storage Solutions – a Toshiba Group Company. All rights reserved.
PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 OCZ Z-Drive 4500 PCIe SSD Part Number
Description
UPC
ZD4RPFC8MT300-0800
Z-Drive 4500, PCIe, FHHL, MLC, 800GB
842024034308
ZD4RPFC8MT310-1600
Z-Drive 4500, PCIe, FHHL, MLC, 1600GB
842024034315
ZD4RPFC8MT320-3200
Z-Drive 4500, PCIe, FHHL, MLC, 3200GB
842024034322
Product Specifications
PCIe VCA “Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM” Features o Data path parity protection PCIe compliant Full Height Half Length form factor PCIe Gen 2 x8 compliant Processor Features o Data compression, Data de-duplication, and AES 128bit encryption o SATA Rev. 2.6 compliant ATA feature set o ATA-8 compliant Device Specifications Capacity: 800GB, 1600GB, and 3200GB Uses NAND Multi-Level Cell (MLC) components. Uses PCIe 12V & 3.3V Custom configuration options allow performance aggregation across multiple cards for increased performance Proprietary Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM (VCA) 2.0: o Virtualizes SSD devices into a massively parallel array of memory o Advanced Queue Balancing Algorithm (QBA) o Consolidated S.M.A.R.T. support Operating System: o 32/64-bit Microsoft Windows 7, 8, 8.1 o 32/64-bit Windows Server 2008 R2, 2012, 2013 R2 o 64-bit Linux Red Hat Enterprise, Oracle & Centos 6.x o 64-bit SLES 11 SP1-3 o 64-bit Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS, 12.x, 13.x o VMware ESX/ESXi 4.1, 5.x Weight: o 350g Dimensions (LxWxH): o 126.3 x 180.9 x 21.6 Compliance: RoHS, FCC , CE, BSMI, C-TICK, VCCI, KCC, UL
Sustained Performance* o Max Read: Up to 2,900MB/s o Max Write: Up to 2,200MB/s o Random 4K Reads: Up to 252,000 IOPS o Random 4K Writes: Up to 44,000 IOPS o Random 8K Reads: Up to 155,000 IOPS o Random 8K Writes: Up to 31,000 IOPS Power Specifications o 800GB: 18.4W Idle / 20.8W Active o 1600GB: 20.3 Idle / 23.1W Active o 3200GB: 20W Idle / 22.8W Active Temperature sensing and thermal throttling without sacrificing performance under normal operation. Temperature o Operating: 0°C to 55°C o Non-Operating: -45°C to 85°C Airflow Requirements o 300LFM (Linear Feet per Minute) at 25°C o 550LFM (Linear Feet per Minute) at 40°C Reliability o Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): 2 million hours o Endurance Rating: Minimum of 0.68PB (800GB), 1.3PB (1600GB), 2.5PB (3200GB) o Unrecoverable Bit Error Rate (UBER): Less than 1 sector per 1017 bits read o DataSafe Recovery technology to provide data recovery in case of block failure o Field-upgradable firmware * ZD4RPFC8MT320-3200 performance
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 Table of Contents Product Specifications................................................................................................................................... 3 1.
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Product Overview ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Block .............................................................................................................................................. 7
PCIe x8 Connector Pin Out ............................................................................................................................ 8 Table 2.0 – PCIe x 8 Connector Pinout ............................................................................................. 8 2.
Certification & Compliance ................................................................................................................... 9 Table 3.0 – Certification ................................................................................................................... 9
3.
Product Specifications........................................................................................................................... 9 3.1. Capacity ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 4.0 – Capacity Description.................................................................................................... 10 3.2. Performance - MB/s Throughput ................................................................................................ 10 Table 4.1 Maximum Sustained Sequential Read, Write Bandwidth (MB/s) .................................. 10 Table 4.2 - Maximum Sustained 4K Random IO/second (IOPS)..................................................... 10 Table 4.3 - Maximum Sustained 8K Random IO/second (IOPS)..................................................... 10 3.3. Endurance Rating ........................................................................................................................ 10 Table 4.4 – TBW Rating .................................................................................................................. 11 3.4. Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 11 3.4.1. Supply Voltage ............................................................................................................................ 11 Table 4.5 – Operating Voltage ....................................................................................................... 11 3.4.2. Power Consumption ................................................................................................................... 11 Table 4.6 – Power Consumption .................................................................................................... 11 3.5. Environmental Conditions .......................................................................................................... 11 3.5.1. Temperature ............................................................................................................................... 11 Table 4.7 - Temperature ................................................................................................................ 11 Please note: Adequate airflow most be provided at higher temperatures:.................................. 11 3.6. Reliability..................................................................................................................................... 11 Table 4.8 - Reliability ...................................................................................................................... 11 3.6.1 Mean Time Between Failures ..................................................................................................... 12 4
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 3.6.2 Endurance Rating ........................................................................................................................ 12 3.6.3 Program Erase Cycles .................................................................................................................. 12 3.6.4 ECC .............................................................................................................................................. 12 3.7. Additional Features ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.7.1. Compression and De-Duplication ............................................................................................... 12 3.7.2. Encryption ................................................................................................................................... 12 3.7.3. Proprietary Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM 2.0 (VCA) ...................................................... 12 3.7.4. DataSafe ...................................................................................................................................... 13 4.
ATA/SATA Power management .......................................................................................................... 13 4.1. ATA Power Modes....................................................................................................................... 13 4.2. SATA Link Power States............................................................................................................... 13
5.
S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Support .............................................................................................................. 14 Table 7.0 - Attribute ID Numbers................................................................................................... 14
6.
AC, DC and Timing Specifications........................................................................................................ 16 Table 8.0 – Absolute Maximum Stress Ratings .............................................................................. 16 Table 8.1 – Recommended Operating Conditions ......................................................................... 16 Table 8.2 – DC Electrical Characteristics ........................................................................................ 16
7.
Mechanical Specifications ................................................................................................................... 17
8.
Glossary ............................................................................................................................................... 18
9.
Appendix: ............................................................................................................................................ 18
9.1. SNIA Workload .................................................................................................................................... 18
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 1. Introduction The OCZ Z-Drive 4500 PCIe Solid State Drives is designed specifically to address the demanding performance and reliability requirements of Enterprise-Class storage and computing applications. Product Overview Built with PCIe VCA “Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM” and eight SandForce© 2582 controllers, the OCZ Z-Drive 4500 PCIe SSD is ideal for I/O read/write intensive enterprise applications. High capacities and low power consuming NAND flash technology results in higher bandwidth and IOPS. Designed for ultimate reliability, OCZ Z-Drive 4500 PCIe SSDs have an excellent 2.2 million hour mean time before failure (MTBF) ensuring reliability over long term usage and come backed by a 5-year warranty and dedicated technical and engineering support for OEM clients. The Z-Drive 4500 PCIe SSD utilizes the OCZ Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM 2.0 (VCA). This technology combines the OCZ VCA “Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM” and OCZ developed software stack to offer significant performance gains via complex command queuing structure. The OCZ Z-Drive 4500 Series SSD’s are designed to fully utilize the PCIe Gen 2 bus, using 64 bytewide Flash Channels.
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 1.1. Block
Diagram
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 PCIe x8 Connector Pin Out The PCIe x8 signal names and pinout are listed in the table below. Table 2.0 – PCIe x 8 Connector Pinout Pin Side B Connector # Name Description 1 +12V +12V volt power 2 +12V +12V volt power 3 +12V +12V volt power 4 GND Ground 5 SMCLK SMBus clock 6 SMDAT SMBus data 7 GND Ground 8 +3.3V +3.3 volt power 9 JTAG1 +TRST# 10 3.3Vaux 3.3 volt power 11 WAKE# Link reactivation Mechanical Key 12 RSVD Reserved 13 GND Ground 14 HSOp(0) Transmitter Lane 0, Differential pair 15 HSOn (0) 16 GND Ground 17 PRSNT#2 Hot plug detect 18 GND Ground 19 HSOp(1) Transmitter Lane 1, Differential pair 20 HSOn(1) 21 GND Ground 22 GND Ground 23 HSOp(2) Transmitter Lane 2, Differential pair 24 HSOn(2) 25 GND Ground 26 GND Ground 27 HSOp(3) Transmitter Lane 3, Differential pair 28 HSOn(3) 29 GND Ground 30 RSVD Reserved 31 PRSNT#2 Hot plug detect 32 GND Ground 33 HSOp(4) Transmitter Lane 4, Differential pair 34 HSOn(4) 35 GND Ground
Side A Connector Name Description PRSNT#1 Hot plug presence detect +12V +12V volt power +12V +12V volt power GND Ground JTAG2 TCK JTAG3 TDI JTAG4 TDO JTAG5 TMS +3.3V +3.3 volt power +3.3V +3.3 volt power PWRGN Power Good GND REFCLK+ REFCLKGND HSIp(0) HSIn(0) GND RSVD GND HSIp(1) HSIn(1) GND GND HSIp(2) HSIn(2) GND GND HSIp(3) HSIn(3) GND RSVD RSVD GND HSIp(4)
Ground Reference Clock, Differential pair Ground Receiver Lane 0, Differential pair Ground Reserved Ground Receiver Lane 1, Differential pair Ground Ground Receiver Lane 2, Differential pair Ground Ground Receiver Lane 3, Differential pair Ground Reserved Reserved Ground Receiver Lane 4,
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 Pin 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
Side B Connector GND Ground HSOp(5) Transmitter Lane 5, Differential pair HSOn(5) GND Ground GND Ground HSOp(6) Transmitter Lane 6, Differential pair HSOn(6) GND Ground GND Ground HSOp(7) Transmitter Lane 7, Differential pair HSOn(7) GND Ground PRSNT#2 Hot plug detect GND Ground
Side A Connector HSIn(4) Differential pair GND Ground GND Ground HSIp(5) Receiver Lane 5, Differential pair HSIn(5) GND Ground GND Ground HSIp(6) Receiver Lane 6, Differential pair HSIn(6) GND Ground GND Ground HSIp(7) Receiver Lane 7, Differential pair HSIn(7) GND Ground
2. Certification & Compliance Table 3.0 – Certification Certification/Compliance CE Compliant
FCC Compliant B RoHS Compliant BSMI C-TICK VCCI KCC UL* VMware driver certification*
Description Indicate conformity with the essential health and safety requirements set out in European Directives Low Voltage Directive and EMC directive. FCC Class B devices are those that are for use in a commercial. Industrial or business environment. Class B devices are those that are marketed for use in the home. Restriction of Hazardous Substance Directive Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection Australia's equivalent to the FCC Declaration of Conformity Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment or VCCI is the Japanese body governing RF emissions Korea Communications Commission equivalent to the FCC Declaration of Conformity UL safety consulting and certification company
I/O Vendor Partner Program (IOVP) certification
* In Process
3. Product Specifications 3.1. Capacity 9 Released January 2014 OCZ CONFIDENTIAL
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 Table 4.0 – Capacity Description RAW Capacity 1TB 2TB 4TB
Usable Capacity 800GB 1,600GB 3,200GB
Total User Addressable Sectors in LBA Mode 745.28GB (LBA48 = 195371568) 1490.48GB (LBA48 = 390721968) 2980.77GB (LBA48 = 781422768)
Notes:
Partitioned and formatted capacity in Microsoft Windows 1 Sector = 512 Byte. 1GB = 1 billion bytes, actual formatted capacity less
3.2. Performance - MB/s Throughput Table 4.1 Maximum Sustained Sequential Read, Write Bandwidth (MB/s) Metric Max Sequential Read (MB/s) 1 Max Sequential Write (MB/s) 1
800GB 2,900 1,300
1,600GB 2,900 1,900
3,200GB 2,900 2,200
Notes: 1. Based on 100% Incompressible Data, block size 1024KB: 4-Threads @ QD64 per thread
Table 4.2 - Maximum Sustained 4K Random IO/second (IOPS) Metric 4KB Random Read1
800GB 164,000
1,600GB 215,000
3,200GB 252,000
4KB Random Write1
57,000
76,000
43,000
1,600GB 144,000 33,000
3,200GB 155,000 31,000
Notes:
1 Based on SNIA methodology and workloads, see appendix for details
Table 4.3 - Maximum Sustained 8K Random IO/second (IOPS) Metric 8KB Random Read1 8KB Random Write1
800GB 120,000 27,000
Notes: 1 Based on SNIA methodology and workloads, see appendix for details
3.3. Endurance Rating Endurance rating of the SSD is represented in TBW, terabyte written by a host to the SSD 10 Released January 2014 OCZ CONFIDENTIAL
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 Table 4.4 – TBW Rating Description Minimum TBW product lifetime
800GB 680
1,600GB 1,300
3,200GB 2,500
3.4. Electrical Characteristics 3.4.1.Supply Voltage Table 4.5 – Operating Voltage Description Operating Voltage for 3.3 V (+/- 9%) Operating Voltage for 12 V (+/- 8%)
Min 3.003 11.04
Max 3.597 12.96
1,600GB 20.3 23.1
3,200GB 20.0 22.8
Unit V V
3.4.2.Power Consumption Table 4.6 – Power Consumption Mode Active Idle
800GB 18.4 20.8
Unit W W
3.5. Environmental Conditions 3.5.1.Temperature Table 4.7 - Temperature Mode Operating Non-Operating
Min 0 -45
Max 551 85
Unit o C o C
Please note: Adequate airflow most be provided at higher temperatures: Airflow Requirements: 300LFM (Linear Feet per Minute) at 25°C and 550LFM (Linear Feet per Minute) at 40°C are recommended minimums.
3.6. Reliability Table 4.8 - Reliability Parameter MTBF MLC Program Erase Cycles (P/E) ECC (BCH)
Value 2,200,000 Hours 3,000 Cycles 55 bits per 512 bytes of data 11
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 3.6.1
Mean Time Between Failures The Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is calculated based on a Part Stress Analysis. It assumes nominal voltage, with all other parameters within specified range. This specification is based on the MTBF rating of the SandForce© 2582 controller
3.6.2
Endurance Rating The endurance rating specifies the number of terabytes that may be written to the SSD. Write Amplification and Program & Erase Cycles factors have big impact on the endurance rating.
3.6.3
Program Erase Cycles Specifies the maximum number of cycles the NAND flash chips can be programmed and erased before losing their ability to hold a charge.
3.6.4
ECC Error-Correcting Code defines the number of correctable symbols for a given size of data. The SF2582 Processor is capable of correcting up to 512 bits per 512 bytes using BCH algorithm.
3.7. Additional Features 3.7.1.Compression and De-Duplication Drives use both Compression and De-Duplication to improve performance and prolong drive life. 3.7.2.Encryption Z-Drive 4500 R drives use AES 128-bit encryption on all meta-data and user data. User key is not enabled by default, but data is encrypted at all times for Self Encrypting Device (SED). 3.7.3.Proprietary Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM 2.0 (VCA) This technology combines the OCZ VCA “Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM” and OCZ developed software stack to virtualize SSD devices into a massively parallel array of memory, dynamically reordering of commands allows storage system to run more efficient, using up to the full bandwidth of the device.
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 For SMART analyzing and reporting capabilities, the VCA consolidates critical SMART attributes of each individual LUN, providing the host with a simple yet efficient way of monitoring the SMART attributes. This technology enables the Z-Drive 4500 R drive to appear to the OS as a single device. 3.7.4.DataSafe The DataSafe technology enables the Z-Drive 4500 drive to recover data from a failed NAND flash block (per NAND controller) by rebuilding the data and relocating it to the known good flash array. This data recovery process is transparent to the host.
4. ATA/SATA Power management The SandForce© SF2582 supports ATA and SATA power management modes as described below: 4.1. ATA Power Modes The ATA power modes supported by the SandForce© 2582 controller are:
ACTIVE
IDLE
STANDBY
SLEEP
4.2. SATA Link Power States The SATA power states supported by the SandForce© 2582 controller are:
ACTIVE: PHY Ready, full power, Tx & Rx operational
PARTIAL: Reduced power, resumes in under 10usec
SLUMBER: Reduced power, resumes in under 10msec
HIPM: Host-Initiated Power Management
DIPM: Device-Initiated Power Management
AUTO-SLUMBER: Automatically transition to partial to slumber
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 5. S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Support This section describes the S.M.A.R.T. attributes supported by the SandForce© SF2582 Processor Table 7.0 - Attribute ID Numbers ID 1
Attribute Name Raw Read Error Rate
5
Retired Block Count
9
13 100
Power On Hours (POH) Device Power Cycle Count Soft Read Error Rate Gigabytes Erased
170
Reserve Block Count
171
177
Program Fail Block Count Erase Fail Block Count Unexpected Power Loss Count Wear Range Delta
181
Program Fail Count
182
Erase Fail Count
184
Reported I/O Error Detection Code Errors
187
Reported Uncorrectable Errors
194
Temperature
195
On the fly ECC Uncorrectable Error Count Reallocation Event Count
12
172 174
196
Description Raw error rate related to ECC errors. Correctable and uncorrectable RAISE errors are included in the error event count. (UECC + URAISE) Indicates the total number of retired blocks, showing both manufacturing bad blocks and growing bad blocks. As the blocks are retired, the normalized value decreases to 0 from 100 Counts of hours in power-on state. The raw value of this attribute shows total count of hours in power-on state. The value is updated hourly Indicates the count of drive power on/off cycles since the manufactured date Indicates read errors that are corrected by the ECC on the fly Counts the number of Flash gigabytes erased across the entire drive over the life of the drive. The incremental resolution is 64GB Returns current number of reserve (over-provisioned) blocks remaining. This attribute is related to attribute 5 (Retired Block Count) Counts the number of flash program failures since the drive was deployed Counts the number of flash erase failures since the drive was deployed Counts the number of unexpected power loss events without receiving a Sleep command or Standby Immediate since the drive was deployed. Returns the percent difference in wear between the most-worn block and least-worn block. 4 bytes used to show the number of program failures since the drive was deployed. It is identical to attribute 171 4 bytes used to show the number of block erase failures since the drive was deployed. It is Identical to attribute 172 Tracks the number of end-to-end CRC errors encountered during host initiated reads and writes. The count is based on the number of errors since the last power applied to the drive This attribute tracks the number of uncorrectable RAISE (URAISE) errors reported back to the host for all data access commands. It is identical to attribute 198 Temperature assuming an on-board sensor connected via ISTW interface to the SSD processor Tracks the number of uncorrectable errors (UECC) by ECC on the fly but correctable by the RAISE. It is identical to the attribute 201 Tracks the number of blocks that fail programming which are reallocated as a result. These failed bad blocks are considered as grown bad blocks 14
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 ID 198 199 201
Attribute Name Uncorrectable Sector Count SATA R Read Errors (CRC) Count Uncorrectable Soft Read Error Rate
204
Soft ECC Correction Rate
230
Life Curve Status
231
SSD Life Left
232
Available Reserved Space Lifetime Writes from Host
241
242
Lifetime Reads from Host
Description Tracks number of uncorrectable RAISE errors when reading/writing a sector since the drive was deployed. It’s identical to the attribute 187. Tracks SATA transmit and receive R-Read errors since the last power applied to the drive Tracks number of soft read errors that cannot be fixed by ECC on-the-fly and requires deep recovery via RAISE. (i.e. UECC). It’s identical to the attribute 204 and attribute 195 Tracks number of errors corrected by RAISE that cannot be fixed by ECC on-the-fly and requires ECC (multilevel) to correct. (i.e. UECC). It’s identical to attribute 201 and attribute 195 A life curve used to help predict life in terms of the endurance based on the number of writes to flash. Measures of the estimated life left, based on a combination of PE cycles and available reserve blocks. 100 is a new drive, 10=replace as it has sufficient reserved blocks but the PE cycles have been used, 0=insufficient reserved blocks, drive is read only to allow recovery of data on the drive. The number of reserved blocks remaining. This is stored in 4 bytes. It is the same as attribute 170, but expressed in gigabytes. Indicates the total amount of data written from hosts since the drive was deployed. This is stored in 4 bytes. The number stored represents the number of bytes written by the host to the drive, in 64GB increments. Indicates the total amount of data read to hosts since the drive was deployed. This is stored in 4 bytes. The number stored represents the number of bytes read by the host to the drive, in 64GB increments.
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 6. AC, DC and Timing Specifications This section describes the PCIe VCA “Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM” DC characteristics. Stresses beyond those listed in the following table can damage the device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device or beyond these values is not implied. The PCIe VCA “Virtualized Controller ArchitectureTM” timings conform to the PCIe Specification, Rev 2.0 and the Serial Attached SCSI-2 (SAS-2). Table 8.0 – Absolute Maximum Stress Ratings Symbol AVDD[8:0] VAA[7:0], VAA_ANA VDD VDD01/VDD02
Parameter Absolute Analog Power for PCIe PHY Absolute Analog Power for SATA PHY, Chip PLL Absolute Power for Digital Core Absolute Digital I/O Power
Min 1.62
Typ 1.8
Max 1.98
Unit V
2.25
2.5
2.75
V
0.9 3
1.0 3.3
1.1 3.6
V V
Parameter Analog Power for PCIe PHY
Min 1.71
Typ 1.8
Max 1.98
Unit V
Analog Power for SATA PHY, Chip PLL
2.38
2.5
2.63
V
Digital Core Power Digital I/O Power Internal Bias Reference Ambient Operating Temperature Junction Operating Temperature
0.95 3.14 5.74 0 0
1.0 3.3 6.04 -
1.05 3.47 6.34 70 125
V V KΩ °C °C
Table 8.1 – Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol AVDD[8:0] VAA[7:0], VAA_ANA VDD VDD01/VDD02 ISET, PIN_ISET TA TJ
Table 8.2 – DC Electrical Characteristics Symbol IVAA IVAA IVDD IVDDO IIL IIH IOL IOH
Parameter Analog power for PCIe PHY 1.8v Analog Power for SAS/SATA PHY 2.5V, Chip PLL Digital Core Power Digital I/O Power Input Low Voltage of Digital I/O Input High Voltage of Digital I/O Output Low Voltage of Digital I/O Output High Voltage of Digital I/O
Min -
Typ 0.78
Max -
Unit A
-
0.78
-
A
-0.4 2.0 2.0
2.0 50 0.13 VDDO1/VDDO2
0.8 3.6 -
A mA V V V V
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 7. Mechanical Specifications
Notes:
All dimensions are in millimeters
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PCIe NAND Flash SSD Z-Drive 4500 8. Glossary Term ATA ATAPI DMA ECC EXT GB GC HDD
Definition Advanced Technology Attachment Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface Direct Memory Access Error-Correcting Code Extended Giga-byte defined as 1x109 bytes Garbage Collection, can be real time or idle time (background) Hard Disk Drive A term used to describe the removal or insertion of a SATA hard drive when the system is powered on. Input output operations per second Logical Block Address Mega-byte defined as 1x106 bytes Mean time between failures Native Command Queuing. The ability of the SATA hard drive to queue and re-order commands to maximize execution efficiency. No Operation Operating System The point at which a SATA drive physically connects to the Processor. Program / Erase cycles, defines NAND lifecycle Serial Attached SCSI Serial ATA Small Form Factor Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology: an open standard for deZ-Drive R4ping hard drives and software systems that automatically monitors a hard drive’s health and reports potential problems. Solid State Drive ATA8 Command informing the drive when sectors no longer contain valid data
Hot Plug IOPS LBA MB MTBF NCQ NOP OS Port P/E SAS SATA SFF SMART SSD TRIM
9. Appendix: 9.1. Workload Profile 4K Random 8K Random
SNIA Workload SSD State Steady State Steady State
Block Size 4KB
Access Pattern Random
Data Pattern
Maximum Size SSD Max
Alignment
Threads
Incompressible
Starting Sector 0 (RAW)
4K
4
QD per Thread 128
8KB
Random
Incompressible
0 (RAW)
SSD Max
4K
4
128
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