Transcript
PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Bogdan Bartosiński Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics
URZĄDZENIA PERYFERYJNE SYSTEMÓW ELEKTRONICZNYCH 3. Input devices
Bogdan Bartosiński Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics
User interface devices
Track-ball – works on the principle of opto-mechanical mouse – the ball is much larger in diameter and is mounted on the upper part of the device
User interface devices
Logitech M570 track-ball • trackball stays in one place – perfect for tight workspaces – you don’t have to move your arm to move cursor • adjustable speed • scroll wheel • Back/Forward buttons • advanced 2.4 GHz wireless • 1 AA battery, 18-month battery life
User interface devices
Logitech M570 track-ball
User interface devices 3D Spheric Mouse - Axotic
User interface devices 3D Spheric Mouse - Axotic
User interface devices 3D Spheric Mouse – freedom to rotate and move your virtual objects in 6 axis with only one hand – the mouse lets you to use your fingers to rotate and your hand to move – rotation • 1000 dpi optical precision for rotations in 3 axis • selectable stepping from 1° up to 90° • rotation can be slowed down to 1/4 or accelerated 4x – navigation • 2170 dpi optical precision • adjustable acceleration
User interface devices 3D Spheric Mouse Area of application • 3D modelers • control in virtual reliality • medical personnel wanting to better interact with and operate scanning equipment
User interface devices Light pen • Light pen is a computer pointing light-sensitive device shaped like a pen and connected with a computer's CRT display • Light pen is used to draw pictures directly onto the screen or select menu options • Light pen does not shine light onto the screen, the screen beams into the pen • Light pen detects change in brightness of nearby screen pixels when scanned by CRT electron beam and communicates the timing of this event to the computer.
User interface devices Light pen
Amplifier Control Button Photoelectric cel Lens
User interface devices Light pen
User interface devices Light pen
User interface devices PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS – built with flat surface (the operational field) and system of recognizing the pointer position – as a pointer can act special stylus or user finger – device may be in the form of an independent panel or transparent screen built into the screen or monitor – touchpad / touchscreen
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us small size Smartphone
Camcorder
Automotive navigation
In flight Entertainment
Office Automation
Medical equipment
Network Terminal
Kiosk
Factory Automation
large size
Handheld Game Console
Large size Monitor
ATM
Tablet PC Fitness machine
Ticketing Maschine
POS Interactive White Board
Arcady Game Digital Signage
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us
In-flight Entertainment - Panasonic eFX system installed on a Delta Air Lines Boeing 737
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us
Kiosk
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us
Fitness machine with touch screen
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us
ATM (Automated teller machine)
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us
POS (Point of sale)
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us
Arcade game
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Touch screens around us
Digital Signage
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Advantages • switch and buttons are not physically required, various input interfaces can be make by software • with multi-touch function, various operations/inputs (eg: zoomin/zoom-out, rotation) are possible • because a user operates an electronic device by directly touching the images on the display he is seeing, the operation will be intuitive, thus anyone can operate it from first use • the whole unit is space-saving because display and input space are integrated • unlike keyboard or physical switch, there will be no dirt, dust, and moisture getting into the spaces between buttons easy for maintenance
User interface devices
PANELS AND TOUCH SCREENS Drawbacks • since a display is directly touched, the display may get dirty, then become less-visible, a direct touch may also cause scratches on the screen that may cause malfunction in some cases • unlike push-button and mouse, users will not feel "click" when a user input a touch screen, however, there are certain touch screens that provide "click feeling" when touched
User interface devices Classification of touch panels – according to methods for determining the position • resistive technology • capacitive technology • surface acoustic wave technology • infrared waves technology • optical imaging technology • acoustic pulse recognition technology – according to placing • stand-alone touch panels • touch panels on displays and screens
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – two layers not contacted and separated by thin space • fixed bottom layer • flexible top layer – when a fingertip presses down on the top layer the two layers touch to become connected at that point – resistive layer - ITO (indium tin oxide), 90% In2O3+10% SnO2
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 4/8 and 5/6/7 wire version Advantages • great resolution • the possibility of using stylus, finger • light, water, dirt and dust does not affect proper operation Disadvantages • transparency 75 % • sharp objects can damage the panel • requires pressure
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – digital matrix resistive technology Advantages • never needs calibration • multitouch, supports up to 10 simultaneous activations • simplicity of interface • no EMI shielding required Disadvantages • old type of the resistive technology • limited resolution • cannot support writing/drawing input
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – digital matrix resistive technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – digital matrix resistive tchnology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 4 wire – resolution 1024 x 1024 points – durability 100 000 - 3 000 000 touches
Rysunki – EloTouchsystems / Electronic Design
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 4 wire
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 4 wire
X+
X-
Y+
Y-
Standby
Gnd
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Pull up/Int
X-Coordinate
Gnd
Vcc
Hi-Z
Hi-Z/ADC
Y-Coordinate
Hi-Z
Hi-Z/ADC
Gnd
Vcc
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 8 wire
Rysunki –Electronic Design
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 8 wire
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 5 wire
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 5 wire – resolution 4096 x 4096 points – durability 35 000 000 touches – bottom layer resistive (measurement in both axes) – top layer only conductive
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 5 wire ADC Vcc Gnd
Gnd Gnd
Gnd Vcc Vcc Vcc
UL
UR
LL
LR
Sense
Standby
Gnd
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Hi-Z
Pull up/Int
X-Coordinate
Gnd
Vcc
Gnd
Vcc
HI-Z / ADC
Y-Coordinate
Gnd Gnd
Vcc
Vcc
HI-Z / ADC
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 5 wire – the 5 wire resistive touch screen provides outstanding endurance and reliability compared to 4-wire resistive touch screens – touch endurance of 5 wire touch screen is guaranteed for 35 million touches, – 5 wire film does not use coordinates on the film side and hence forms and maintains stable coordinates – calibration is required only while setting up the system and thus a very effective maintenance-free environment is provided
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Resistive technology – 5 wire – resolution (of Controller): 4096*4096 – material: film on glass – light transmission: 75-85% – touch activation force: touch force 45g to 110g – deviation of error: <1% of true position (2 mm on 18" display) – endurance: more than 35 million touches in one location without failure vs 3 million touches for 4 wire technology – surface hardness: 4 H – operating temperature: -10°C to +70°C – water proof: not damaged by running water applied to the active area
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • comparison resistive technology – 4 wire vs 5 wire
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Projected Capacitive technology
Advantages: • light transmission 90% • high resolution abilities • supports multiple touches • long life, no moving parts Disadvantages • susceptible to electrical noise • need dedicated controller • high processing cost
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Projected Capacitive technology – capacitance is continually sensed by receivers on the screen – when a finger touches the surface of the display, there is a change in the level of capacitance – for every intersection of the X/Y (sense/drive) lines the capacity change is measured (mutual capacitance), interpreted and converted to XY coordinates that correspond to the actual touch position
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation •Projected Capacitive technology
electrodes
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation •Projected Capacitive technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation •Projected Capacitive technology- 3M™ Multi-touch Display M2256PW (22") • 20 finger input for hand accommodation and multiusers • Fast 6 millisecond touch response for 20 simultaneous finger input • Compatible with Windows 7 • Supports standard gestures • Works with nitrile, latex and vinyl gloves • 1680x1050 resolution
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Projected Capacitive technology – projected capacitive has high durability and long life because it has no moving parts in operation – is superior in environment resistance, thus strong at raining, wind, and temperature change – is used for digital signage and at outdoors terminals – touch coordinates are drift free – high resolution abilities – multi-touch capable - up to 20 fingers – works with finger, gloves and any pointing device – flexible sensors can be contoured to curved surfaces
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Projected Capacitive technology – sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted – projected capacitive responds to light touch, no pressure force is needed for detection – projected capacitive requires an advanced technology to measure electrostatic capacitance, a projected capacitive touch screen and controller need to be designed together – projected capacitive is susceptible to electrical noise (LCD) – the notable application of projected capacitive is smartphone (Apple iPhone), portable PC, mobile game, audio player
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Surface Capacitive technology Advantages • capacitive does not get affected by light, moist, dust, or grease • light transmission up to 85% • over 160 million touches without noticeable degradation Disadvantages • surface capacitive can detect touches by fingers only • basically it does not detect input by gloved hand.
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Surface Capacitive technology – voltage is applied to all corners of touch screen – when you touch the screen with a finger, a current is drawn – the amount of current that drifts through the electrodes should be proportional to the distance from the touch point to the four corners – the controller calculates the proportion of the current passed through the four electrodes and figures out the X/Y coordinate of a touch point
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Surface Capacitive technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Surface Capacitive technology – is suitable for large size monitors – does not support multi-touch – is likely to be affected by noise – sensor can respond to light touch, and no pressure force is needed – visibility is high because structure is only one glass layer – application surface capacitive touch screens • tend to be employed for applications used by general public, and requiring high-quality looking and high durability • are used on ATM, ticketing machine, kiosk, POS, office and factory automation, arcade games, medical and food industry • medical uses - medical instrument, research equipment and patient monitoring system • transportation - inner vehicle control panel • amusement fields such as casino gaming
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation • Surface Capacitive technology
elo 2239L 22-inch Open-Frame Touchmonitor
elo 1915L 19-inch Desktop Touchmonitor
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW)
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW)
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Surface Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW)
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Surface Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW) – one glass sheet with transmitting transducers, receiving transducers, and reflectors – transmitting transducers generate ultrasonic waves – the ultrasonic waves are reflected by the reflectors and received by the receiving transducers – there are routes on which the SAWs travel from the transmitting to the receiving transducers and each route has its own distance – if one of the routes is touched by a finger, the pulse will be absorbed, and the SAW on the route will not be received by the receiving transducers – the sensor will recognize which route was touched, and locate the touched point
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Surface Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW) Specification – input method: finger or gloved hand (cloth, leather, or rubber) activation – position accuracy standard deviation of error: less than 0.080" (2mm) – available sizes: 5.0" to 46" – light transmission: 92% or higher – resolution: 4096 x 4096 – durability: 50 000 000 touches in one location without failure – touch point drift: does not drift, one-time calibration is enough
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Surface Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW) - features – SAW touch screen consists of one glass layer so visibility is excellent – screen has long life, and its glass surface is strong against scratch, even though the panel surface gets scratched, its sensing function will not be affected – it is easy to build a large size touch screen in SAW technology – SAW touch screen does not get affected by external electric noise
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Surface Surface acoustic wave technology (SAW) - features – resolution is relatively high – detecting function of SAW technology can be affected by water droplet, oil and so on, malfunction can be caused by those factors – SAW touch screen does not detect a touch by hard materials which do not absorb pulse – SAW is usually employed for large size applications such as kiosk, arcade game, automated cash dispenser, medical equipment, office automation, factory automation, financial field, and so one
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Infrared Touch Technology – LEDs and phototransistors located vis-a-vis in pairs making X Y matrix – when the infrared LEDs are turned on, the phototransistors located opposite to the LEDs will be turned on – if an infrared light is blocked by a finger, then the opposite phototransistor will be off
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Infrared Touch Technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Infrared Touch Technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Infrared Touch Technology –specification – input method - finger or gloved hand activation – touch activation force - no minimum touch activation is required with IR touch technology – typical accuracy 0.047” (21 points / inch) – minimum accuracy 0.22” (5 points / inch) (for 15" diagonal) – minimum stylus size 0.25”
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Features of Infrared technologies – Light transmission is 100% because no film or glass needs to cover the surface – Infrared touch screen can be operated with wet fingers or dirty gloves. Thus, it is employed for applications that require high reliability such as plant control system, factory automation and ATM. – No physical nor electrical contacts are required for sensing method. Thus, the sensor is stress free and is highly durable. – Compared with other technologies, infrared technology is stronger against electrostatic and magnetic noises. – Infrared technology can support multi-touch. – Infrared technology is suitable for large size panel. – Because an infrared technology uses lights for sensing, the detecting function can be affected by strong light such as direct sunlight.
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Features of Infrared technologies – The resolution of basic infrared technology is not as good as other technologies. Thus, it is not suitable for applications that require precise inputs. – It is generally considered that infrared technology is difficult to be applied to small size panel. – Infrared technology usually requires a certain space for installation. Thus, the device tends to be large. – Infrared technology detects anything that blocks lights. Thus, it may wrongly detect insects or dusts. – The advantages of infrared technology are environment resistance, no limitation on input materials, and easiness of maintenance. Due to these merits, infrared touch screens are used on ATM, factory automation, plant control system, ticketing machines, medical equipment, Kiosk, POS, interactive whiteboard.
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology – the infrared lights are emitted from the infrared imaging sensors (CCD camera)) – these lights are reflected by the retro-reflective tapes on the sides and come back to the infrared imaging sensors from the same angles as emitted – if the touch screen is touched, the infrared light will be blocked and not come back to the infrared imaging sensors (a shadow will appear on the blocked point) – the angles between the two infrared imaging sensors and the touching object will be measured using DSP
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology Advantages • technique scales to very large displays (120 inches) • functions with scratches and surface wear • touch activated by bare finger, gloved finger, or stylus • transmission is typically > 90% Disadvantages • moving liquids or solid contaminants may cause false touches • requires a bezel design to house the edge positioned camera system • touch occurs slightly above the actual surface • limited to 2 resolvable points with 2 cameras
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology Benefits • delivers a true multi-touch (recognizing up to 5 independent touch points with Windows 8 operating system) • no pressure needed to activate touch response • stable, no-drift performance - no calibration required • recognizes touch from virtually any object
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology - features – any input device, such as a paintbrush, finger, pen, or stylus will work – surface coating overlays are not used on the touch screen surface – optical imaging scales to very large displays, making it possible to create interactive conference and teaching settings
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology Applications • interactive digital signage • retail and shopping malls • way-finding • hotels and casinos • healthcare and medical institutions • corporate environments • kiosks and self-service system
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology – Touch functionality • Single touch • Dual touch • Multi-touch
– Product types • Overlay frame • Display solution
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology - NextWindow • Desktop 2S • Dual touch • 2 CMOS sensors • Windows 7 certified
• Desktop 6S • 5 point multi-touch • 6 CMOS sensors • Windows 8 certified Sizes 17” to 30”
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology - NextWindow Desktop 6S
• 5 point multi-touch • 6 CMOS sensors • Windows 8 certified • Sizes 17” to 30”
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology NextWindow
NextWindow ProfileTouch
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
Camera bar
Attachment straps
NextWindow Overlay Touch Panel 2406 USB
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
NextWindow Overlay Touch Panel 2406 USB
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
Multi-Touch Interactive Whiteboard
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology Model No
VB-83MT
VB-90MT
VB-108MT
Active area (Diagonal)
78"
85"
100"
Size
1800*1470*125 mm
1945*1560*130 mm
2500*1570*130 mm
Weight
55 kg
66 kg
85 kg
Projection Proportion
4:3
4:3
16:9
Touch Technology
Optical Infrared Imaging Touching and writing by finger or any untransparent objects
Input Method Interface
5M USB2.0 cable
Touch Resolution Touch Accuracy
32767*32767 ±0.1 mm
Interactive multi touch Whiteboard with Optical Infrared Imaging
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Optical Imaging technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Acoustic pulse recognition technology
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Acoustic pulse recognition technology – the Acoustic Pulse Recognition (APR) touchscreen consist of a glass overlay with 4 piezoelectric transducers attached to the back surface – the transducers pick up the acoustic wave generated upon a touch, and convert it to an electronic signal – the signal is then digitized by the controller and compared to a prerecorded acoustic profile for every position on the glass – the cursor position is instantly updated to the touch location
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Acoustic pulse recognition technology – Benefits • optics and durability of pure glass • works with finger, glove, pen, credit card, fingernail • resistant to water, dust, grease • works even with scratches • excellent drag performance • one time factory calibration, no drift • small and large sizes • palm rejection
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Acoustic pulse recognition technology – Specification • input methods: finger, finger nail, gloved hand, or stylus activation • light transmission: 90% ±5 • positional accuracy: 1% max. error • touch activation force: typically 55 to 85 grams
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Acoustic pulse recognition technology – Applications • restaurant and hospitality automation • retail, Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals • pharmacy automation • industrial automation • office automation
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Near Field Imaging technology – two laminated glass sheets with a patterned transparent, conductive layer between – an excitation AC waveform supplied to the conductive layer to generate a low strength electrostatic field – the near field is modulated by finger contact with the front layer of glass – a resultant differential signal is created, making it possible by the system firmware to accurately recognizes the location of the touch
User interface devices Touch panels principle of operation Near Field Imaging technology Advantages: • excellent image clarity and high transmissivity • can be operated with gloves through moisture, dirt, and other surface contaminants • stable over extreme environmental conditions • can withstand scratches and other surface damage caused by abrasives, chemicals, or vandalism Disadvantages: • very expensive and requires complex circuits and technology
User interface devices Touch panels market forecast
User interface devices Touch panels market forecast • Projected-capacitive touch has grown very fast in the last few years since it was first popularized by iPhone and iPod • Projected capacitive is the first serious challenger to the long-term dominance of analog resistive in the touch-screen world • Optical-imaging touchscreen technology can be very costeffective in large sizes (>10 inch) because it requires only two cameras and an infrared source, as optical imaging has taken off, more companies are entering the market • Surface acoustic wave (SAW) has been one of the workhorses of the touch industry for over 20 years. It has been widely used in kiosks and other public applications. From 2009, it has supported twotouch.
