Powerpoint Basics Version 2007 (windows) And 2008 Macintosh

Transcript

Powerpoint Basics version 2007 (Windows) and 2008 Macintosh Nick Dvoracek. [email protected] (920) 424-7363 For guides to other versions of Powerpoint and handouts on other multimedia topics see http://idea.uwosh.edu/nick/handouts.htm Starting Powerpoint 2007 (Windows).............................. 1 The Slide Sorter view......................................................... 13 Microsoft Office Button...................................................... 3 Selecting multiple slides...................................................... 13 A new file format................................................................... 3 Adding transition effects between slides....................... 14 Starting Powerpoint 2008 (Macintosh)............................ 4 Adding sequential presentation to a bulleted list......... 15 Applying a theme.................................................................... 5 Inserting Images.................................................................... 16 Fonts and moving to a different computer.................................................................. 5 The best resolution and size for images imported into Powerpoint................................................. 16 The size of the slide image................................................... 6 Changing the size of digital images (before importing).............................................................. 17 Entering text on a slide (Windows and Mac)................. 6 Inserting a Picture Windows............................................ 17 Inserting a new slide.............................................................. 7 Resizing images before inserting....................................... 17 Changing the layout of a slide............................................. 7 Inserting a Picture Macintosh............................................ 18 Outline levels on a bulleted list........................................... 8 Cutting and pasting from other applications................. 18 Changing attributes of text.................................................. 8 Image modifying tools 2007 (Windows)......................... 18 Changing the color of text.................................................. 9 Image modifying tools 2008 (Macintosh)...................... 19 More Colors............................................................................ 9 Rotation.................................................................................. 19 Changing line and paragraph spacing............................... 10 Moving the image................................................................. 19 Examples of line spacing choices...................................... 10 Resizing the image................................................................ 20 Removing bullets.................................................................. 11 Adjusting brightness and contrast.................................... 20 Changing indents.................................................................. 11 Cropping the image............................................................. 21 Changing margins................................................................. 11 Transparent color tool........................................................ 21 Breaking a line without creating a new bullet point (soft return)........................................... 11 Reset picture tool................................................................ 21 Moving text blocks.............................................................. 11 Inserting Clip Art................................................................. 22 Moving around your presentation.................................... 12 Selecting Clip Art in 2007 (Windows)............................ 22 View your presentation in the full screen mode.......... 12 Selecting clip art in 2008 (Macintosh)............................. 23 Changing the order of slides............................................. 13 Resizing, Moving and Rotating Clip Art.......................... 23 1 Starting Powerpoint 2007 (Windows) When you launch Powerpoint, you are presented with the first slide, in the Title layout, of a blank presentation, in the Normal view. Ribbons The most notable difference from earlier versions of Powerpoint, and all other programs you’ve ever used is the lack of menus at the top of the screen and the Task Pane and toolbars. Replacing them are the Ribbons, selected by tabs near the top of the screen which contain all the commands and property settings used to create and modify your presentation The exception is the Mystery Meat Microsoft Office Button, (see next page) Save, undo and redo Some items on the Ribbons have an arrow in a box. Clicking the arrow displays a dialogue box with which properties can be specified Some items on the Ribbons have a down pointing triangle which indicates more options are available. Clicking will display a menu. Thumbnail/Outline Notes window Choose between viewing Thumbnail images of your slides or viewing the text in an outline format. Notes for yourself when presenting or a place to record a complete narrative if you’re posting your presentation on-line 2 Views Button Choose between Normal, Slide Sorter and Presentation views Microsoft Office Button If you’re looking for all the things that normally show up under the File menu, they’re now located under the unlabeled Microsoft Office Button. A new file format Both 2007 (Windows) and 2008 (Macintosh) save files in a new file format, using the file extension .pptx. The main advantage of the new format is that files are significantly smaller. Users of some earlier versions of Powerpoint, 2000, XP(2002) and 2003 can download a plug-in that allows them to open the new format. There are no converters for earlier Macintosh versions. Windows If you don’t know what version of Powerpoint your presentation will be viewed in you can save it in the old format (.ppt). The new versions will open the older format. If you know that you will be presenting with Powerpoint 2007 or 2008, the new format will save your presentation with a significantly smaller file size. Macintosh 3 Starting Powerpoint 2008 (Macintosh) When you launch Powerpoint 2008 , you are also presented with the first slide, in the Title layout, of a blank presentation, in the Normal view. The Macintosh version still has menus and toolbars. Only the Drawing toolbar and Formatting Palette are floating palletes,. The other toolbars appear in a stack at the top of the screen. Formatting Palette Drawing toolbar Standard Toolbar Gallery Used to create and modify graphics Contains the most common commands Toggles between showing and hiding the Elements Galleries shows commonly used commands and properties–changes to show functions you’re most like to need depending on what you’re doing. Elements Galleries Clicking on these tabs will reveal collections of things from which you can choose in a bar that extends across the window Thumbnail/Outline Pane Choose between viewing Thumbnail images of your slides or viewing the text in an outline format. Views Menu Notes window Choose between Normal, Slide Sorter and Presentation views Notes for yourself when presenting or a place to record a complete narrative if you’re posting your presentation on-line 4 Applying a theme Referred to as Templates in previous versions, Themes define the colors, fonts and graphics common to all slides. Windows Click on the Design tab. Mousing over a selection will preview that template in your main window. Click to select the theme. Note that there is a scroll bar to the right to show several more rows of choices. To the right of the scroll bar are menus with which you can choose variations in the color palette, font and line and fill effects to customize your theme. As with the Theme itself, mousing over a selection will preview it in your main window, and clicking will select it. Any theme and variation will be applied to all slides in the presentation. You can apply a different theme to a selected group of slides by right clicking on the theme and selecting Apply to Selected slides in the menu that pops up. Macintosh Click on the Slide Themes tab to reveal a selection of Themes. Note the arrows to the right to display another selection of themes. There is no preview. You have to click on a theme to apply it to your presentation to get a better view of what it looks like. When you select the Slide Themes tab, a Document Theme section appears in the Formatting Palette which allows you to select variations on color and font for your theme. Fonts and moving to a different computer. If you select a different font to apply to your Theme, when you move you presentation to a new computer, that computer must have that font installed for your presentation to display properly. (If it doesn’t it will probably defaut to Arial) On both Windows and Macintosh, the selections presented are only those that are installed with that version of Microsoft Office, so if you’re moving to another computer with that version of Office, you’re pretty safe. In Windows you have several other options. In the Save dialogue box, there is a Tools menu., which includes a Save Options command. In the dialogue that command brings up is a choice to Embed fonts in the presentation, insuring that it will display properly on any Windows Computer, so you can use any font in your presentation, not just the Office fonts There is no option to embed fonts with the Macintosh version of Powerpoint. 5 Entering text on a slide (Windows and Mac) Unlike word processors, which have one continuous string of text, graphics programs like PowerPoint can have numerous completely independent text blocks. Text block for slide title Text block for slide subtitle The text “Click to add title” and “Click to add text” are placeholders. They are there just to show you the location, size, etc. of the title and text you will put there. When you move the cursor inside the dotted line that defines the title area, it will change to the “I-Beam,” similar to what you see in a wordprocessor. When you click, the placeholder will disappear, a flashing insertion point appears and you can begin typing. The text will appear with the size, style, color, and alignment that was defined in the template. After you’ve typed the title, in order to move to the subtitle, move the cursor into that area, click in that area to begin typing the subtitle. The size of the slide image Notice that there are no horizontal or vertical scroll bars on the window with the image of the slide since you are looking at a reduced size version of the entire slide. The size will depend on the size of your display. The amount of reduction can be seen in 2007 (Windows) with the Size indicator at the bottom right corner of the screen and in 2008 (Macintosh) in the Zoom indicator window at the right size of the Standard tool bar. Full size (100%) is 7.5 by 10 inches, the size the slide would be if you printed it. Depending on the size of your display, in the presentation mode the slide may be greater than 100%. n.b. When you have more slides there will be a vertical scroll bar which will allow you to move around your presentation. 6 Windows Macintosh Inserting a new slide New slides can be inserted by clicking on the New Slide icon on the Home Ribbon (not the Insert Ribbon) in 2007 (Windows) or on the New Slide icon on the Standard Toolbar in 2008 Macintosh. (There is also a New Slide command under the Insert menu in the Macintosh version.) Macintosh Windows The first slide in your presentation had the Title Layout. The new slide which you just created will have the Title and Content Layout, which allows you to type a bulleted list or insert several types of other content. Changing the layout of a slide You can change the slide to other layouts for other purposes, such as · Title Only or Blank for graphics slides, · Two Content slides for two columns or an image and some text side by side. · Title or Section Header to indicate major sections of your presentation Windows, Next to the Insert Slide icon is a Layout menu Macintosh. Click the Slide Layouts tab to display the Slide Layouts Gallery Windows Macintosh If you change the layout of a slide, the next slide you insert will have that same layout. 7 Outline levels on a bulleted list. In the bulleted list, in order to create a new bullet, press Return. In order to create a 2nd level bullet, press Return, then Tab. At the end of the item, pressing Return will start another 2nd level bullet. To indent to a further level, press Return and Tab again. In order to return to a higher level, after pressing Return, press the Shift and Tab keys together. You can also change the level of an item by clicking anywhere in the line and clicking the Promote/Demote button which is in the center of the Home ribbon in 2007 (Windows) and in the Bullets and Number section of the Formatting Pallette in 2008 (Macintosh) Promote to a higher outline level Demote to a lower outline level If you find yourself going to the third and lower levels of an outline, consider using multiple slides to present these as separate points to make your presentation more focused. Changing attributes of text Text formatting functions are found in the middle of the Home ribbon in 2007 (Windows) and in several sections of the Formatting Pallete in 2008 (Macintosh) Macintosh Windows In order to change the attributes of text, it has to be selected,—that is, you click and drag over the text you want to change. For some functions that apply to whole paragraphs or whole text blocks you can just click anywhere in the text block. If you don’t have anything selected, commands and functions will appear faded out and won’t do anything 8 Changing the color of text You can emphasize or highlight certain words or passages by changing the color of the text.. The Text Color icon is on the Home Ribbon in 2007 (Windows,) and in the Font section of the Formatting Palette in 2008 (Macintosh). The icon is in two parts. Clicking the left side, with the letter A and the color swatch will change any selected text to the last color used. Clicking the right side with the small downward pointing triangle will bring down a menu. The top row are the color scheme of the template. The last six are intended as accent colors, but may not all provide enough contrast to be readable against the background The next block provides tints of the color scheme colors. These may be provide better contrast against the background. Then are a selection of commonly used colors Any custom colors you create are added in the next row You can create those custom colors by selecting More Colors Windows Macintosh Saturation Selecting More Colors in Text Color menu brings up a dialogue box with a palette of colors. New colors can be chosen off the Standard Pallete or mixed with the Custom palette. Hue Windows The pallettes look a little different on the Macintosh but work essentially the same way. There are also several other schemes to define colors available on the Macintosh. Saturation Macintosh 9 Brightness Hue Brightness More Colors. Changing line and paragraph spacing. Occasionally you might want to separate bullet points with additional spacing. Most people’s first instinct is to put extra hard returns, but that puts unnecessarily large spaces between point. Another common response is to increase line spacing, but that puts the same amount of space within a bullet point as it does between bullet points making it difficult to separate one point from another. The best response is to use Paragraph Spacing. which give you variable spacing between points, but leaves normal spacing within a point. Examples of line spacing choices LIne spacing adjusted Hard returns between points Paragraph spacing adjusted • Your first point • Your first point • Your first point • A second longer point that • A second longer point that wraps to several lines wraps to several lines • Your third point Same amount of space within a point as between points. Hard to ready • Your third point Normal spacing within points, but too much between points In 2007 (Windows). on the Home ribbon, there is a Line Spacing icon to the right side of the text formatting section. Use that to pull down a menu and select Line Spacing Options. That displays a dialogue box which allows you to adjust Paragraph Spacing. In 2008 (Macintosh) there is an icon in the Alignment and Spacing section that you can click to increase or decrease paragraph spacing. In order to numerically control paragraph spacing, under the Format menu, select the Paragraph command. That will display a dialogue box which will allow to adjust Paragraph Spacing. 10 • A second longer point that wraps to several lines • Your third point Normal spacing within points, and just enough between points to separate them. Removing bullets Sometimes, such as when your text block is a single quotation, bullets are inappropriate. A palette to control bullets is found in 2007 (Windows) on the Home Ribbon and in 2008 (Macintosh) in a Bullets and Numbering section of the Formatting Pallette. Select None to remove the bullets. Macintosh Windows Changing indents When you remove the bullet, the text block remains as a hanging indent, where the second and subsequent lines of a paragraph are indented under the first line. Windows In order to change the indents, you must display the Text Ruler. In 2007 (Windows) this is done on the View Ribbon. In 2008 (Macintosh) it is done with the Ruler command under the View menu. Changes the indent of the first Changing indents is done by sliding the indicators on the left end of the text ruler exactly the way it is done in Word. You can also specify indents numerically, by right clicking on a text block and selecting Paragraph from the menu that pops up. Changes the indent of the second and subsequent lines of the paragraph line of the paragraph Macintosh Moves both at once Changing margins Occasionally you might want to make a text block wider or narrower. Click in the text block, then place the cursor directly over the small circle at the corner. The cursor will change to a two headed arrow. When you click and drag, the text block will change size and the text will rewrap to fit the new margins. Breaking a line without creating a new bullet point (soft return) In order to create a line break, without creating a paragraph break (a new bullet point), place the cursor where you want the line break to be, hold the Shift key down and press Return. Moving text blocks Click in the text block, then place the cursor directly over the line that defines the borders of the text block. The cursor will change to a four headed arrow. When you click and drag, the text block will move. 11 Moving around your presentation In the Normal View there are several ways to move around your presentation Click on the thumbnail image or outline of a slide and you will move to that slide To move rapidly to a particular slide, click and drag the box in the scroll bar. The title of each slide will pop up as you scroll. When you reach the slide you want to go to, let go of the mouse button and you will move to that slide To step forward or backward through your presentation a slide at a time, click on the double headed arrows. View your presentation in the full screen mode To view your presentation in the full screen mode, click on the Slide Show button on the Views menu —in 2007 (Windows), at the lower right corner of your screen Windows —in 2008 (Macintosh) at the lower left corner of your screen All the menus, toolbars, and everything else disappears and your first slide should fill the screen. (If you are not on the first slide, it will start from the slide you were looking at when you clicked) To advance to the next slide, click the mouse button.You can also click the right arrow key to advance and the back arrow key to go backward. When you reach the last slide in the presentation, clicking the mouse button again displays a black screen with the message, “End of slide show, click to exit.” Clicking again will return you to the Normal View, on the first slide. You can also press the Escape key (usually at the top left of the keyboard) at any time to return the slide view at the currently displayed slide. 12 Macintosh Changing the order of slides The order of slides can be changed by by clicking and dragging the thumbnails or outline of a slide in the lefthand window in the normal view This slide has been selected and moved to here. To change the order of slides, click on a slide and with the mouse button held down, drag it in the direction you wish to move. When themouse button is released, the slides are rearranged As you drag a line appears between slides. When the line is in the position you wish to change the slide to, release the mouse button and the slide moves to the new position The Slide Sorter view The Slide pane on the left side of the Normal view can only accomodate six or seven thumbnails without scrolling. If you need to browse and move or manipulate more slides, the Slide Sorter view uses the entire work area to display thumbnails. It is accessed by clicking the middle icon in the Views menu found at the lower right in 2007 (Windows) and in the lower left in 2008 (Macintosh) Windows Changing the order of slides in the Slide Sorter view works exactly the same as it doeS in the Slide/Outline pane of the Normal view. Macintosh You can see more slides at once by zooming out with the Zoom control at the lower right of the screen (Windows) or the Zoom window on the Standard Windows toolbar (Macintosh) Selecting multiple slides Macintosh In order to move, set up a transition effect or preset animation for more than one slide at a time, you have to select more than one slide at a time. Normally if you click on a slide to select it, and then click on a second slide, the first slide is deselected and the second one becomes selected. In order to select multiple slides, hold down the Control key. (Windows) or the Command Key (Macintosh), Then, as you click on multiple slides, they stay selected. If you inadvertantly select a slide you don’t want, clicking a second time with the Control or Command key held down will deselect it. 13 Adding transition effects between slides Numerous effects are available to change the way one slide changes into another. These effects can add some polish to your presentation, and to indicate major topic changes in your presentation Stay low-key for most slides and use the more noticable animated effects to indicate major changes in your presentation or highlight important points. You can apply transitions to a single slide in the Normal view or multiple slides with either the Slide/ Outline pane, or the Slide Sorter view. In the Slide Sorter view, you have to have at least one slide selected in order to select a transition effect. Windows In 2007 (Windows) transitions are on the Animations ribbon. In the Normal view, when you mouse over a transition, it will preview the transition in the main window. In the Slide Sorter view you have to actually click to apply the transition to get a preview. (if you don’t like it, just click another or click the Undo icon up by the Microsoft Office Button. You can add a sound and modify the speed of transitions. More choices are available using these scrolling arrows Macintosh In 2008 (Macintosh) there is a Transition tab in the Elements Galleries. You have to actually click to apply the transition to get a preview. (if you don’t like it, just click another or click the Undo icon on the Standard Toolbar Cllick this button to add sound or modify the speed of a transition after you’ve applied it. There are tabs to limit the choices displayed to categories 14 There may be more transitions in a category than there is room to display. Use these arrows to reveal more choices. Adding sequential presentation to a bulleted list You can choose to build up a sequence of bullet points that appear with mouse clicks so the audience remains focused on the point you’re currently dealing with. rather than reading ahead. When the slide first appears, only the title is displayed The first mouse click displays the first bullet point The second mouse click displays the second bullet point and all associated subpoints The next mouse click displays the last point. Another click will advance to the next slide. In order to apply sequencing, you must be in the Normal view and have clicked into a text area with multiple bullet points Windows In 2007, you can choose several effects to sequence your text on the Animate Ribbon just to the left of the transitions. All At Once makes the text block appear as one piece. By 1st Level Paragraphs, makes each first level bullet point appear in sequence, along with it’s associated lower level bullet points. Just mousing over the effect will preview it in the main window Macintosh In 2008, Under the Slide Show menu, select Custom Animation, or click on the Star tab at the top of the Formating Palette and it will change to the Custom Animation palette. Windows In . order to sequence your text block, click on the green star Entrance icon and select an effect.. When you select the effect it will preview in the main window Macintosh More sophisticated sequencing is available with the Custom Animation function which gives you more choices on how sequences of text, as well as graphics, are presented. Keep in mind that indiscriminate motion and sound effects can change the character of your presentation and be a distraction from your spoken presentation. Stay low key and save obvious effects to give special emphasis to important points or to indicate major topic changes in your presentation. What Microsoft characterizes as “exciting” can give a carnival-like character to your presentation 15 Inserting Images All of the slide layouts that include a text or content area include six icons with which you can insert several types of images instead of bulllet points. In addition, you can insert these types of image on any slide, even if you already have text, or another image on that slide. If you are putting several images on a slide, you may want to begin with a Title Only or Blank slide. Windows Macintosh In 2007 (Windows) there are icons on the Insert Ribbon to insert images, and in 2008 (Macintosh), they are on the Standard Toolbar. Remember the little down pointing triangles indicate a menu of additional options. Windows Macintosh The best resolution and size for images imported into Powerpoint Saving unnecessarily high resolution images can occupy stunning amounts of disk space, take some time to be read from the disk during the presentation, and can actually create a less sharp image in Powerpoint. These extraordinarily large file sizes really become a problem when posting your presentation on-line. The proper size and resolution for an image placed in Powerpoint is determined primarily by the resolution of the output device, that is, the data projector that will be used to view the presentation. Almost all data projectors have a resolution of 1024 pixels by 768 pixels. Too little resolution will result in a blurry image, even if the original scan seemed sharp. Powerpoint attempts to round off the edge of the square pixels that make up a digital image. We tend to think of digital images in inches (size) at a certain number of pixels per inch (resolution). For applications where images are going to be displayed on a computer screen, like presentations and the web, it’s usually more efficient to think directly in terms of numbers of pixels. The best scheme is to assume an 1024 x 768 pixel screen or projector. If you do run into the lower resolution device, you won’t have that much excess data to process. Most scanning programs and image editors will allow you to choose to measure your images in a number pixels instead of inches at so many pixels per inch. Powerpoint does think in terms of physical size, so if you have the option create your images at 10 x 7.5 inches at 100 dpi which translates into 1000 x 750 pixels–close enough to the ideal that you’ll never notice. This may save you a step or two when importing pictures. Powerpoint completely imports pictures into it’s files, so In preparing digital images, it is preferable to save only as much data as necessary. to avoid having unnecessarily monstrous file sizes. 16 Changing the size of digital images (before importing) Even inexpensive digital cameras can acquire images as large as 3000 pixels wide. This translates into nine times more information than the projector is capable of displaying. Powerpoint will display these large images, but with no better quality than the a file with only 1000 pixels. It’s fairly easy to make a copy of your image files more appropriate to import into Powerpoint. Web based resize utilities Windows application There are several web sites where you can upload a file and specify a size in pixels to reduce it to, and then download the smaller image file. Irfanview, a great freeware application, which includes resizing as well as many other functions, is available for download at http:// www.irfanview.com/ Resize/Resample is under the Image menu. The most reliable I’ve found are. http://bigwebpages.com/big/resize.htm (scroll down to specify size in pixels) http://www.shrinkpictures.com/ (largest size is 1000 pixels wide close enough) Inserting a Picture Macintosh application Preview is an application that comes standard on Macintosh computers. The Adjust Size command is under the Tools menu. When you choose Insert Picture, Microsoft means importing an image file you have somewhere on disk. Clip Art refers to images organized with Microsoft’s Clip Art Gallery, see Inserting Clip Art Windows Click the Picture icon on the Insert ribbon. That will open a file dialogue box.. Toward the bottom of the dialogue, the Files of Type window should display All pictures and list the extension of the file types which Powerpoint can accept. Normally Powerpoint will default to a My Pictures Folder. If your pictures are stored somewhere else, use the Look in window at the top to navigate to where your image file is located. The default setting is for Powerpoint to display a small preview of every image file in the directory. This may take a few seconds if the files are very large. icon at the top of the window you can choose to view the files by name only or in a view With the where it is not previewed until you click on it. Hovering your mouse over an image will display it’s file type and file size. Click Insert to import the file. 17 Inserting a Picture Macintosh In the Macintosh version, click on the Picture icon on the Standard tool bar and select Insert Picture from the menu that drops down, this will open a file dialogue box. If you choose the columns view in the file dialogue box, clicking on an image file will give you a preview in the next column to the right. Click Insert to insert the image. Cutting and pasting from other applications Most pictures on the web, unless intended for download, are small images at low resolution that will be significantly lower quality when enlarged to the full size of a powerpoint slide. Pictures (and other objects such as charts) can be selected and copied from other applications such as web browsers and image editing programs and inserted into Powerpoint Image modifying tools 2007 (Windows) When the image is selected a Picture Tools tab will appear over the Format tab. Clicking on that tab will change the ribbon to the Format....Picture Tools ribbon The image will be displayed with eight small circles, one in each corner, and one on each side, generally referred to as handles. Handles indicate that the image is “selected” as well as acting as handles for resizing. 18 Image modifying tools 2008 (Macintosh) When the image is selected, the Picture, Quick Styles and Effects, and Size, Rotation and Ordering sections will appear on the Formatting Palette. The image will be displayed with eight small rectangles, one in each corner, and one on each side, generally referred to as handles. Handles indicate that the image is “selected” as well as acting as handles for resizing. Rotation. Digital cameras save everything as a horizontal (landscape) image no matter what the orientation of the camera when the picture was taken. Click on the green handle and drag right or left to rotate the image. Holding down the Shift key while rotating will restrict rotation to 15° increments making it easier to rotate exactly 90°. Moving the image When you place the cursor over the image, it will change to the four headed arrow. Clicking, holding down the mouse button and dragging will move the picture around. Be careful not to click on one of the handles–that will change the size of the image. 19 Resizing the image Click on the image to select it and display the handles. When you place the cursor over one of the handles it will change to a two headed arrow. Clicking and dragging the handle will resize the picture. Clicking and dragging one of corner handles will resize the picture proportionately, without changing its shape. Clicking and dragging on the top or bottom handle will change the height of the image without changing its width. If the image overfills the screen when it is imported, use the zoom tool a the lower right of the 2007 (Windows) screen or the zoom window on the Standard toolbar in 2007 (Macintosh) to zoom out until you can see the entire image. Clicking and dragging on one of the side handles will change the width of the image without changing its height. You can then resize the image to fit the slide Adjusting brightness and contrast Occassionally a scanned or digital camera image can be washed out, or too dark. You can improve the appearance of these images with the brightness and contrast controls. Since adjusting one of these usually affects the other, you typically have to make adjustments to both brightness and contrast to optimize the quality of an image. In 2007 (Windows) the Brightness and Contrast controls are found at the left of the Format Ribbon in the Picture Tools mode. Clicking on Brightness or Contrast will bring down a menu of variations. Mousing over these options will preview the effect on the image. Since most pictures require adjustments to both brightness and contrast, you can access both by selecting Picture Corrections Options at the bottom of the menu. This will bring up a dialogue box with sliders to control both Brightness and Contrast, which will preview as you adjust them In 2008 (Macintosh), sliders to control Brightness and Contrast are in the Picture section of the Formatting toolbar. Their effects will preview as you adjust them. 20 Cropping the image Often an image doesn’t match the shape of the space in which you wish to place it, or includes more than you wish to display. The cropping tool can remove the extraneous areas of the image. In 2007 (Windows) the cropping tool is at the right of the Picture Tools mode of the Formatting ribbon. In 2008 (Macintosh), it is in the Picture section of the Formatting toolbar. Windows Macintosh Select the Crop tool will change the appearance of the handles to thick lines. Placing the cursor over one of the handles, and dragging will crop the image. Transparent color tool The Transparenct Color tool allows you to make one color in the image transparent so the background shows through. This can make the image of an object seem to float by itself on the slide rather than being embedded in a rectangle of a different color. Macintosh In 2007, Windows, the Set Transparent Color tool is found at the bottom of a menu displayed by clicking on the Recolor item at the left side of the Picture Tools mode of the Formatting ribbon. Windows In 2008 (Macintosh) it’s in the Picture section of the Formatting Toolbar. Select the tool and click on the color you wish to make transparent. Reset picture tool When any of these effects is applied to an image, Powerpoint retains the original file. In 2007 (Windows), the Reset picture tool is at the left of the Picture Tools mode of the Format Ribbon. In 2008 (Macintosh) it’s in the Picture section of the Formatting toolbar. Clicking on it while a picture is selected will revert that image to the way it was when it was imported 21 Windows Macintosh Inserting Clip Art In Microsoft office, clip art refers rather specifically to graphics organized by Microsofts Clip Gallery or Clip Organizer application or found on Microsoft’s web site. Graphics from other sources can be inserted, but are referred to as Pictures. See Inserting a Picture. Microsoft makes an extensive collection of Clip Art available to illustrate your presentation both installed locally and available through their web site. All of the slide layouts that include a text or content area include six icons with which you can insert several types of images instead of bulllet points. In addition, you can insert these types of image on any slide, even if you already have text, or another image on that slide. Windows If you are putting several images on a slide, you may want to begin with a Title Only or Blank slide. Macintosh In 2007 (Windows) there are icons on the Insert Ribbon to insert images, and in 2008 (Macintosh), they are on the Standard toolbar. Remember the little down pointing triangles indicate a menu of additional options. Windows Macintosh Selecting Clip Art in 2007 (Windows) When you select Insert...Clip Art, a Clip Art side bar appears to the right of the main window. The Clip Art sidebar displays all the clip art installed in no particular order. All the clip art provided with Microsoft has descriptive terms associated with it. Type in a concept and the gallery will display all the pieces associated with that term. Images with the small blue globe in the lower left hand corner are on Microsoft’s web site and you need to be connected to the internet to access them. Holding the cursor over an item will cause a flag to appear which gives the file size and file type of the image. Images with a .wmf extension (Windows) are object oriented graphics. They have small file sizes and can be enlarged or reduced to any size without losing sharpness. Images with a .jpg or .gif extension are made of up of a pattern of dots and will become blurred if enlarged. (Photographs are saved as this type of image but other types of graphics may also be in this format. ) Click OK and the image will be inserted on the page 22 Selecting clip art (Macintosh) The clip gallery on the Macintosh is organized into categories, but also can be searched by key word. In order to determine the type of file, click on the properties button and it will tell you the file size and type. Images of the type pic (Macintosh) are object oriented graphics. They have small file sizes and can be enlarged or reduced to any size without losing sharpness. Images with a .jpg or .gif extension are made of up of a pattern of dots and will become blurred if enlarged (Photographs are saved as this type of image but other types of graphics may also be in this format.) Click Import to put the image on the slide. The Macintosh version only searches the Clip Art gallery that’s actually installed on your computer. To access a much larger collection from Microsoft’s servers, click the Online button. This will launch your default web browser and will take you to a page where you can enter search terms to find relevant images. (Scroll down to the bottom of the page) To import them into your presentation, you must check the box under the image and click the download link at the upper left. When the file (which may contain multiple images if you checked multiple images) downloads, find it in your Downloads folder. It will have a file name something like ClipArt [XXXX].cil. Double click on it and the images will import into your Clip Art Gallery in a category named Favorites. Resizing, Moving and Rotating Clip Art Clip Art is modified exactly the same way Pictures are,. Resize by clicking and dragging on the corner or side handles. Move by clicking and dragging the image anywhere except the handles. Rotate by clicking the green handle and dragging. Resizing 23 Moving