Rr625 Noise Emission From Fastener Driving Tools

Transcript

Health and Safety Executive Noise emission from fastener driving tools Prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2008 RR625 Research Report Health and Safety Executive Noise emission from fastener driving tools Emma Shanks BSc(Hons) MIOA Health and Safety Laboratory Harpur Hill Buxton SK17 9JN The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended place duties on machine manufacturers and suppliers to design and construct machinery in such a way that noise emissions are reduced to the lowest level taking account of technical progress and the availability of techniques for reducing noise, particularly at source. There is also a requirement that manufacturers and suppliers provide information on the airborne noise emissions of their products. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, which came into force in April 2006 implementing the EU Physical Agents (Noise) Directive (2003/10/EC), state that employers may use manufacturers’ tool data to assess the risk to their employees from exposure to noise. The aims of the work reported here were to: n Measure the noise emission of the tools supplied by the manufacturers and compare to the manufacturers’ declared emission, if stated. n Determine whether tools with a declared noise emission have been tested in accordance with the most appropriate test code. n Comment on the suitability of the noise test methods for the family of tools under test. n Investigate the link between the manufacturers’ declared emission and the in real use emission. This project was carried out in conjunction with HSL project JR45.086, an investigation into the correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use on fastener driving tools as reported in RR591. This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy. HSE Books © Crown copyright 2008 First published 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to: Licensing Division, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ or by e-mail to [email protected] ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges those who assisted in this project, in particular the Power Fasteners Association, the tool manufacturers who supplied the tools, and the sites who generously provided us with their time and staff for the field measurements. iii iv CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Declaration of noise emission.................................................................. 1 1.2 Outline of work......................................................................................... 1 1.3 Terminology for emission data................................................................. 1 1.4 Acoustic parameters ................................................................................ 2 2 TOOLS TESTED......................................................................................... 3 2.1 Declared emissions ................................................................................. 3 2.2 Actuation modes ...................................................................................... 4 3 LABORATORY TESTING OF NOISE EMISSION...................................... 6 3.1 Safety standards / Noise test codes ........................................................ 6 3.2 Laboratory measurement procedure ....................................................... 6 3.3 Data acquisition and analysis .................................................................. 8 3.4 Measured emission results ...................................................................... 8 4 ADDITIONAL LABORATORY TESTS ..................................................... 10 4.1 Sequential actuation versus ‘bump’ action............................................. 10 4.2 Tool K auto firing ................................................................................... 11 5 IN REAL USE / FIELD MEASUREMENTS............................................... 14 5.1 Measurement protocol ........................................................................... 14 5.2 Data aqusition & analysis ...................................................................... 14 5.3 Site details ............................................................................................. 14 5.4 In real use / field results......................................................................... 17 6 DISCUSSION............................................................................................ 19 6.1 Verification of manufacturers’ declared emission .................................. 19 6.2 Analysis of HSL measured emission ..................................................... 20 7 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................ 21 8 APPENDIX A - EQUIPMENT.................................................................... 22 9 APPENDIX B – MEASURED EMISSION RESULTS................................ 23 10 APPENDIX C – ADDITIONAL LABORATORY TEST RESULTS......... 35 11 APPENDIX D – IN REAL USE / FIELD RESULTS ............................... 42 12 REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 47 v vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Objectives The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended place duties on machine manufacturers and suppliers to design and construct machinery in such a way that noise emissions are reduced to the lowest level taking account of technical progress and the availability of techniques for reducing noise, particularly at source. There is also a requirement that manufacturers and suppliers provide information on the airborne noise emissions of their products. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, which came into force in April 2006 implementing the EU Physical Agents (Noise) Directive (2003/10/EC), state that employers may use manufacturers’ tool data to assess the risk to their employees from exposure to noise. The aims of the work reported here were to: • Measure the noise emission of the tools supplied by the manufacturers and compare to the manufacturers’ declared emission, if stated • Determine whether tools with a declared noise emission have been tested in accordance with the most appropriate test code • Comment on the suitability of the noise test methods for the family of tools under test • Investigate the link between the manufacturers’ declared emission and the in real use emission This project was carried out in conjunction with HSL project JR45.086, an investigation into the correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use on fastener driving tools as reported in NV/06/24. Main Findings Where LpA,1s: A-weighted single-event emission sound pressure level at the workstation (dB) LWA,1s: A-weighted single-event sound power level (dB) • The quality of declared airborne noise emission data varied between manufacturers. Two out of the 11 tools used in this project were supplied with inappropriate or clearly erroneous data (Tools C and K respectively). While the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended, and related transposed standards for the family of tools under consideration, are clear about declaration requirements, the information available with tools is not always consistent or transparent. • HSL was able to verify the manufacturers’ declared emissions for five of the 11 tools tested for the LWA,1s parameter. A sixth tool (Tool D) verified for the LpA,1s parameter. The two parameters are derived from independent measurements, although they may be made at the same time during the same operation. This could be a flaw in the test method with limited measurement positions not accurately capturing a highly directional noise source. • Provided all conditions are maintained, the standard laboratory test is repeatable, though not necessarily reproducible for the determination of LpA,1s. If a variable is introduced, for vii example, a change in operator, the uncertainty of measurement can increase beyond the uncertainty value attached to the noise descriptor. • For the determination of LWA,1s, the standard laboratory test is not sufficiently repeatable or reproducible. • The actuation mode of the tool (contact, single sequential or full sequential) does not affect the noise emitted from the tool beyond the uncertainty value attached to the noise descriptor. • The test method described in BS EN 12549:1999 has the potential to distinguish between low and high noise tools even though the tool types covered by the standard are very different. Significantly more field data is required to determine whether users can reliably make use of emission data to identify low or high noise tools in practice. The relationship between the declared emission, laboratory measured emission and the field data could not be determined. • Field measurements showed that in real use noise emissions may vary by up to 15 dB on a single tool dependent on the process, workpiece and the working environment. Noise from fastener driving tools is likely to be a significant contributor to risk of hearing damage if a person is exposed to more than about 500 events per day (an LpA,1s value in the region of 98 to 100 dB giving an equivalent eight-hour daily personal exposure, LEP,d, of approximately 81 dB). For other tools the risk could be significant after only 100 events per day (an LpA,1s value of 105 dB giving an equivalent LEP,d of approximately 80 dB). Recommendations • Alert tool manufacturers to their duties under SM(S)R with regards to provision of airborne noise emission data. • Advise standards bodies and tool manufacturers that repeatability and reproducibility of declared emissions is not sufficiently high. • Alert end-users of tools that the declared noise emissions may not sufficiently indicate the risk to the worker. viii 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION DECLARATION OF NOISE EMISSION The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended place duties on machine manufacturers and suppliers to design and construct machinery in such a way that noise emissions are reduced to the lowest level taking account of technical progress and the availability of techniques for reducing noise, particularly at source. There is also a requirement that manufacturers and suppliers provide information on the airborne noise emissions of their products. The purpose of declaring such information allows verification of a low noise tool design. Additionally, purchasers and users of machinery are able to make informed choices regarding the safety of a potential purchase. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, which came into force in April 2006 implementing the EU Physical Agents (Noise) Directive (2003/10/EC), state that employers may use manufacturers’ tool data to assess the risk to their employees from exposure to noise. Standards have been developed in support of the Machinery Directive that define how noise emission values should be obtained for different machine types. Ideally these standard tests should provide noise emission data that is representative of the expected noise exposure in real use, allow tools of the same type to be compared, and identify low-noise tools, thereby highlighting successful low-noise designs. However in practice it can be difficult to design a standard test that is both based on a realistic operation and which gives repeatable and reproducible results. It is therefore common for standard tests to be based on artificial operations. However in these situations, there is concern that the resultant standard noise emission data may not reflect the noise generated by the tool during normal use. There is therefore a need to evaluate these noise emission standards. It should be noted that manufacturers are free to follow all, part or none of the safety standards and noise test codes. If such an approach is used, compliance with the regulations is still required with regard to using an appropriate test method, so long as operating conditions etc. are described, and information indicating risk during conditions of intended use is provided. 1.2 OUTLINE OF WORK The aims of the work reported here were to: • Measure the noise emission of the tools supplied by the manufacturers and compare to the manufacturers’ declared emission, if stated • Determine whether tools with a declared noise emission have been tested in accordance with the most appropriate test code • Comment on the suitability of the noise test methods for the family of tool under test • Investigate the link between the manufacturers’ declared emission and the in real use emission This project was carried out in conjunction with HSL project JR45.086, an investigation into the correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use on fastener driving tools as reported in NV/06/24. 1.3 TERMINOLOGY FOR EMISSION DATA The noise emission data declared by the manufacturer and supplied with the fastener driving tool (where available) is referred to as the “declared emission”. 1 The noise emission measured by HSL in accordance with the requirements of the relevant standard is referred to as the “measured emission”. 1.4 ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS The acoustic parameters used to characterise the noise emissions from fastener driving tools are: LpA,1s, A-weighted single-event emission sound pressure level in dB: A-weighted and timeintegrated emission sound pressure level of an isolated single sound event of specified duration T (or specified measurement time T), related to the reference time of T0 of 1s. For example: A shot is fired from a fastener driving tool. The duration of the measurement, T, is 5.5 seconds and the sound pressure level over the measurement period, LAeq,T, is 92.6dB. A second shot is fired from the tool. This time the measurement duration is 2.3 seconds and the sound pressure level 96.4dB. It is possible to compare the noise levels of the two shots by normalising the measurement period to 1 second, i.e. calculating the LpA,1s. LpA,1s = LAeq,T + 10 log (T/T0) dB For shot 1: LpA,1s = 92.6 +10 log (5.5/1) = 100dB For shot 2: LpA,1s = 96.4 + 10 log (2.3/1) = 100dB The LpA,1s from the example fastener driving tool is 100dB. When only the LpA,1s is known and the number of shots per day or shift can be estimated it is possible to estimate the personal daily exposure level, LEP,d as defined in the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005. For the example fastener driving tool, firing 900 shots, over an 8 hour day (28,800 seconds): LEP,d = LpA,1s + 10 log (number of shots ÷ 28,800) = 85dB This works because the sound pressure level from the fastener driving tool has been normalised to a 1-second measurement period. LWA,1s, A-weighted single-event sound power level in dB: A-weighted sound power level determined from measurements of the single-event emission sound pressure level normalised to 1 second. LpC,peak, C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level in dB: C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level of a test object, determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201 at the work station. 2 2 TOOLS TESTED Fastener driving tools can be used for a wide range of applications from pallet making to upholstery and picture framing. Tools are available in a wide range of sizes and specifications. The frequency of the driving processes with a fastener driving tool varies in time according to the operation purpose e.g. 500 driving operations per day with a large tool or 20 operations per second with a small tool. The tools used for this project were chosen based on information from the Power Fastenings Association (PFA) regarding the best selling tools of individual manufacturers. The sample of chosen tools is intended to reflect the range of machines encompassed by the standard test, within the limitations of the project, so that resultant information will be useful to as many manufacturers and employers as possible. 2.1 DECLARED EMISSIONS Eleven new tools were obtained for testing: six nailers, three staplers, one bradder and one corrugated fastener. Each tool was supplied with the largest possible fastener intended for use with the tool for the purpose of the standard test. Details of the tools are given in Table 1. Table 1. Tool details & declared emissions HSL Sample Tool Power Type No. Strip nailer A Gas NV/06/26 (large) Strip nailer B Pneumatic NV/06/35 (large) Coil nailer C Pneumatic NV/06/34 (small) Coil nailer D Pneumatic NV/06/27 (small) Coil nailer E Pneumatic NV/06/28 (small) Coil nailer F Pneumatic NV/06/29 (large) G Pneumatic Heavy wire stapler NV/06/31 H Pneumatic Fine wire stapler NV/06/30 Declared emission, dB Test code / directive quoted LpA,1s KpA,1s LWA,1s KWA,1s EN 792-13:2000 96 4.1* 103 2.5* 4.1* 97.4 2.5* EN 792-13:2000 89.7 EN 792-13:2000 82 (LpAImax)# 95 (LWAImax)# EN 12549:1999 88.06+ 94.84+ EN 792-13:2000 87.9+ 96+ EN 12549 89+ 98.6+ EN 792-13:2000 84+ prEN 792-13 80 4.1* ISO 3744 I Pneumatic Bradder NV/06/32 85.1 4.1* ISO 11201 J Pneumatic Corrugated fastener NV/06/33 87 4.1* + K Pneumatic Fine wire stapler NV/06/37 EN 792-13:2000 68.4 92+ 85 2.5* 94.2 2.5* 96 2.5* 75.8 + * These values have been estimated in accordance with BS EN ISO 4871:1997 + These values have been declared as a single number declaration and already include the manufacturer’s K value. The magnitude of the K value is unknown. # These values were obtained in accordance with DIN 45 635 Teil 66 Mai 1992 and use the noise parameters LpAImax and LWAImax. The values were requested directly from the manufacturer as the manufacturer’s instruction manual, the EC declaration quoting EN 792-13:2000, did not contain any information regarding the tool’s noise emission. The LpAImax and LWAImax parameters are no longer commonly used to characterise machine or tool noise. The standard from they derive also pre-dates the 1992 Machinery Directive. These values are not suitable for inclusion in any subsequent analysis. 3 2.2 ACTUATION MODES A fastener driving tool may have several modes of operation; this is dependent on the type of trigger fitted to the tool. For the purposes of the laboratory emission testing, tools were operated using sequential actuation. The exceptions were tools H and K. These do not have a safety contact element. The colour of the trigger usually defines the actuation mode in use, although this can be dependent on the individual manufacturer’s colour coding protocol. The most commonly used tool actuation systems with a safety contact element are: • Contact actuation (also known as ‘bump action’) The safety contact trip and the trigger both have to be actuated but with no order of sequence. The trigger can be depressed and the safety contact element ‘bumped’ against the work piece to cycle the tool. Alternatively, for more precise nail placement, the safety contact element can be placed against the work piece and the trigger pressed. • Single sequential actuation A system in which the tool may only be operated by observing a sequence of operations. The safety contact element is depressed to the work piece, and the tool is then cycled by depressing the trigger. Repeat cycling can be obtained provided the safety contact element is not removed from the work piece. When the safety element is removed from the work piece, the sequence has to be repeated. • Full sequential actuation A system in which the safety contact element has to be depressed against the work piece and thereafter the trigger pressed. To drive the next fastener, the safety element has to be removed from the work piece, so that it defaults back to the starting position, and the process repeated for every driving operation. Figures 1a and 1b show an example of a fastener driving tool. Figures 2a to 2e show examples of different types of fasteners. Figure 1a. Figure 1b. Compressed air fastener driving tool: 1a showing total view; 1b showing part sectional view. 4 Figure 2a. Strip nails Figure 2b. Coiled nails Figure 2c. Staples Figure 2d. Brads Figure 2e. Corrugated fasteners 5 3 3.1 LABORATORY TESTING OF NOISE EMISSION SAFETY STANDARDS / NOISE TEST CODES The current noise emission tests for fastener driving tools are detailed in BS EN 12549:1999 for non-electric tools and BS EN 50144-2-16:2003 for electric tools. Of the 11 tools tested, none were electrically powered so only BS EN 12549:1999 is applicable for this work. This noise test code is referenced from BS EN 792-13:2000, the general safety standard for fastener driving tools. BS EN 12549:1999 references two basic acoustic measurement standards BS EN ISO 3744:1995 and BS EN ISO 11201:1996. Table 2 details the non-electric noise emission test standard hierarchy. Table 2. Non-electric fastener driving tools standard hierarchy Tool specific safety standard BS EN 792-13:2000 C-type Tool specific noise test code BS EN 12549:1999 C-type Basic international standards BS EN ISO 3744:1995 BS EN ISO 11201:1996 B-type Following testing to the correct standard, manufacturers are further required to make dual number tool noise emission declaration in accordance with BS EN ISO 4871:1997. It should be noted that manufacturers are free to follow all, part or none of the safety standards and noise test codes. If such an approach is used, compliance with the regulations is still required with regard to using an appropriate test method, so long as operating conditions etc. are described, and information indicating risk during conditions of intended use is provided. 3.2 LABORATORY MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE 3.2.1 Sound power level determination, LWA,1s The A-weighted sound power level was determined by calculation from the measured Aweighted single-event sound pressure levels measured at nine microphone positions around the tool. The measurement surface was a hypothetical cube on which the measurement positions were located and which enveloped the tool. The measurement surface ended at floor level, regarded as the sound reflecting periphery. The height of the centre point of the tool above the ground was 1m ± 0.1m. The centre point was located on the driving axis at half of the height of the tool. The measurement distance was 1m from the centre point of the driving tool. Figures 3a and 3b show the location of the microphone positions for fastener driving tools. 6 Figure 3a. From BS EN 12549:1999 5 6 9 O 3 2 Figure 3b. In the anechoic chamber Location of measurement positions 1 to 9 for fastener driving tools. Position O is the measurement location for the A-weighted single-event emission sound pressure level and is not included in the calculation for the LWA,1s (a = 0.3m and h = 0.5m). The A-weighted single-event sound pressure level of one driving process was measured five times at each measurement position. The arithmetic mean of the five values was determined for each measurement position, normalised to a one second time period. The surface sound pressure level was then calculated using the following equation: ⎡ 1 9 0.1L' ⎤ L pA,1s ,1m = 10 log ⎢ ∑10 pA ,1s ,i ⎥ − K 1A − K 2 A dB ⎣ 9 i=1 ⎦ 7 The background noise correction K1A and environmental correction K2A were negligible because testing was carried out in an anechoic test chamber over a reflecting plane. The A-weighted sound power level was finally calculated using: LWA,1s = L pA,1s ,1m + 13 dB 3.2.2 Emission sound pressure level determination, LpA,1s The A-weighted single-event emission sound pressure level at the workstation was calculated from the arithmetic mean of five corresponding measurements at microphone position O, each for one driving process, normalised to a one second time period. The location of position O is shown in Figures 3a and 3b. 3.2.3 Workpiece and workpiece support The workpiece was sawn pinewood, free of knots and with a straight grain. The average bulk density was in the range of 0.42gcm-3 to 0.48gcm-3 and the average wood humidity was 12% ± 3%. For all tools, the thickness of the wood was at least 1.2 times the length of the longest fastener used. The insertion position was at least 50mm from the lateral surfaces of the workpiece. The workpiece was supported on a bed of dry sand with the grain of the wood in a horizontal direction such that the surface of the workpiece was flush with the top of the sand. The sand bed was 600m (L) x 600m (W) x 400mm (H). The workpiece was surrounded on all lateral surfaces by a sand layer at least 120mm wide. 3.3 DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS The measured broadband A-weighted single-event sound pressure levels and the broadband Aweighted single-event emission sound pressure levels were recorded and analysed using a Brüel & Kjær (B&K) Pulse multi-channel real time frequency analyser. This meant that up to 11 channels could be measured simultaneously, allowing the workstation levels at microphone position O to be recorded at the same time as the nine microphone positions on the cuboid measurement surface. Full details of the equipment used are given in Appendix A. Throughout the laboratory emission testing the tool operator for a given tool remained the same for each of the five shots fired for that tool. Where applicable, the compressed air pressure was adjusted for each tool such that the head of the fastener was just below the surface of the workpiece. 3.4 MEASURED EMISSION RESULTS Table 3 details the measured emission results for each tool tested. All tools were tested in accordance with BS EN 12549:1999 and the results are presented in accordance with BS EN 4871:1997. Full details can be found in Appendix B. 8 Table 3. Measured emission results, dB Air pressure Tool Operator No. Fastener (psi) Workpiece* Measured emission LpA,1s KpA,1s LWA,1s KWA,1s A Gas canister 1 90mm D-head nails Large 95.7 4.1 99.9 2.5 B 80 2 90mm plain shank Large 92.6 4.1 99.5 2.5 C 100 1 65mm ring shank Medium 95.7 4.1 105.7 2.5 D 64 1 55mm ring shank Medium 84.6 4.1 95.5 2.5 E 75 1 55mm ring shank Medium 88.2 4.1 98.7 2.5 F 60 1 80mm helical shank Large 87.0 4.1 96.8 2.5 G 70 2 50mm staples Medium 88.7 4.1 95.0 2.5 H 70 1 12mm staples Small 86.3 4.1 89.8 2.5 I 70 2 40mm brads Medium 79.9 4.1 88.7 2.5 J 80 1 12mm corrugated Medium 88.5 4.1 97.1 2.5 K 70 3 10mm staples Small 87.2 4.1 90.5 2.5 * Workpiece dimensions (L x W x D) Small: 450mm x 205mm x 20mm Medium: 450mm x 120mm x 80mm Large: 450mm x 120mm x 110mm In accordance with BS EN 12549:1999, the C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level (LpC,peak) at position O was also measured. The results are detailed in Table 4. Table 4. Measured C-weighted peak emission sound pressure level, dB KpC,peak Tool LpC,peak A 128.0 2.5 B 119.2 2.5 C 123.8 2.5 D 113.8 2.5 E 116.2 2.5 F 114.0 2.5 G 120.0 2.5 H 121.4 2.5 I 109.8 2.5 J 120.6 2.5 K 122.0 2.5 The K values for all the noise emission descriptors have been calculated in accordance with BS EN 12549:1999. 9 4 ADDITIONAL LABORATORY TESTS 4.1 SEQUENTIAL ACTUATION VERSUS ‘BUMP’ ACTION 4.1.1 Measurement method Tools C, D, E, F and J were capable of ‘bump action’ actuation. The laboratory emission test for these tools was repeated as described in Section 3.2 using first the sequential actuation mode followed by the ‘bump action’ actuation. Repeating the standard emission test gives an indication of the repeatability of the test. 4.1.2 Results The results for measured emission against ‘bump action’ emission are detailed in Table 5 and Figures 4 and 5. Full details can be found in Appendix C. Table 5. Measured emission vs ‘bump action’ emission, dB LpA,1s LWA,1s Tool Measured emission Repeated measured emission Bump action emission Measured emission Repeated measured emission Bump action emission C 95.7 99.2 99.4 105.7 106.1 105.5 D 84.6 89.9 87.0 95.5 96.3 94.0 E 88.2 89.3 90.2 98.7 99.9 100.2 F 87.0 91.1 91.9 96.8 98.0 97.8 J 88.5 90.2 90.2 97.1 97.9 97.6 Measured emission (x2) vs 'bump action' emission, LpA,1s A-weighted single-event emission sound pressure level (dB) 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 C D E F J Tool measured emission repeated measured emission Figure 4. LpA,1s measured emission vs ‘bump action’ 10 bump action emission Measured emss i ion ( x2) vs 'bump action' emss i ion, LWA,1s A-weighted single-event sound power level (dB) 110 105 100 95 90 C D E F J Tool measured emss i ion repeated measured emss i ion bump action emiss ion Figure 5. LWA,1s measured emission vs ‘bump action’ For values of LpA,1s, tools C, E and J are within the uncertainty range of the declared value, KpA,1s, of 4.1dB (maximum for tool C at 3.7dB). Operator 1 was used for the original laboratory measurement as well as the repeat and ‘bump action’ measurements. For tools D and F, operator 1 was used for the original measurements and operator 2 for the repeat and ‘bump action’ measurements. This may account for the larger measurement range (5.3dB for tool C and 4.9dB for tool F). The indication is that the standard laboratory test is repeatable when all conditions are maintained but not necessarily reproducible (change in operator). Any change in the operator location with respect to the single measurement location may affect the amount of shielding or absorption of the direct sound source. It may simply be a case of how the operator holds the tool. All measurements for LpA,1s were made at microphone position O. For values of LWA,1s, the laboratory measurements are both repeatable and unaffected by the actuation mode of the tool. The maximum range of measurement was 2.3dB on tool D and this is within the uncertainty range of the declared value, KWA,1s, of 2.5dB. Small changes in operator location are evened out over the cuboid measurement surface and nine microphone locations. 4.2 TOOL K AUTO FIRING As well as single shot firing, Tool K, a small pneumatic fine wire stapler, was also able to auto fire. This is when the trigger is held down and the tool fires fasteners at an operator-defined rate of up to 30 per second until the trigger is released. By recording the number of fasteners fired during the measurement period, it is possible to compare the single shot measured emission to a normalised single shot auto fire emission. 4.2.1 Measurement method The standard laboratory emission test method was maintained in terms of microphone locations and operators. Instead of firing five single shots and recording each shot individually, five lines 11 of fasteners were fired into a small workpiece (Figure 6). For each line of fasteners the measurement period was recorded and the number of fasters fired was counted. Figure 6. Tool K auto fire fastener lines The auto fire emissions were calculated from the following equations: Sound power level determination The A-weighted sound pressure level for the firing of a line of fasteners was measured five times at measurement positions 1 to 9 (excluding position O). The arithmetic mean of the five values was determined for each measurement position, normalised to a one second time period and a single shot using the following equation: ⎛T ⎞ L' pA,1s ,autofire ,i = L Aeq + 10 log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − 10 log( N ) dB ⎝ T0 ⎠ where: LAeq,T is the measured sound pressure level over time period T seconds, dB T0 is the reference time of 1 second N is the number of fasteners fired over time period T seconds. The surface sound pressure level was then calculated using the following equation: ⎡ 1 9 0.1L' ⎤ L pA,1s ,1m,autofire = 10 log ⎢ ∑ 10 pA ,1s , autofire ,i ⎥ − K 1A − K 2 A dB ⎣ 9 i =1 ⎦ The background noise correction K1A and environmental correction K2A were negligible because testing was carried out in an anechoic test chamber over a reflecting plane. The A-weighted sound power level is finally calculated from: LWA,1s ,autofire = L pA,1s ,1m ,autofire + 13 dB 12 Emission sound pressure level ⎛T L pA,1s ,autofire ,i = L Aeq + 10 log⎜⎜ ⎝ T0 For each line of fasteners: ⎞ ⎟⎟ − 10 log(N ) dB ⎠ The arithmetic mean of the results for the five lines is taken as the measured auto fire emission sound pressure level. 4.2.2 Results Table 6 details the results for the measured emission against the auto fire emission for tool K. Full details may be found in Appendix C. Table 6. Tool K measured emission vs auto fire emission LpA,1s Tool Measured Auto fire K 87.2 88.4 LWA,1s Measured Auto fire 90.5 91.4 For both LpA,1s and LWA,1s, the difference between the measured emissions and the auto fire emissions is well within the expected uncertainties in the declared emission values of 4.1dB (KpA,1s) and 2.5dB (KWA,1s). 13 5 5.1 IN REAL USE / FIELD MEASUREMENTS MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL Following the laboratory emission test stage of the project, the intention was to take the tools to a number of industrial locations where fastener drivers are used for various applications. Finding sites capable of accommodating multiple tools was very difficult as nearly every tool is very application specific. To help overcome this, simulated real data was also obtained in the laboratory. Table 7 details which tools were applicable to which site. Table 7. Site details Site no. Process Tools 1 Pallet repair B, C, D, E, F 2 Furniture manufacturing including upholstery G, H, K 3 HSL simulated real tacking and fixing A, I, J 4 Pallet manufacturer C, D, E, F Due to the difficulty in finding sites able to accommodate multiple tools there is a lack of repeated data for tools A, G, H, I, J and K. Tools C, D, E and F were used at two sites. Consequently, results obtained during this stage of the project are presented for information only and will not be used in further analysis, as meaningful conclusions cannot be drawn. Where applicable, background corrections have been applied to the measured values but no further corrections have been made e.g. for environmental conditions. This allows a range of working conditions and resultant levels to be shown. At each site, the measurement conditions were kept as close as possible to a real work situation with the tools supplied by HSL being substituted for a short period of time for the tools which were normally used in the workplace. 5.2 DATA AQUSITION & ANALYSIS BS EN ISO 11202:1996 was used as the test method for obtaining in real use emission values. A B&K type 2260 sound level meter was used to record the A-weighted sound pressure level and the C-weighted peak sound pressure level at the operator’s ear. The levels, measurement duration and number of driving processes were noted. From this information it was possible to calculate the field A-weighted single-event emission sound pressure level, LpA,1s,field. 5.3 SITE DETAILS Table 8 summarises the measurement conditions at each site and whether background corrections were applied to the measured levels. A more detailed explanation follows. Table 8. Summary of measurement conditions and applied background corrections Background Site no. Notes on measurement conditions correction required 1 Yes 2m from operator; semi-enclosed workstation. 2 No Open warehouse. 3 No Small room. 4 Yes Close to façade; possible influence from second worker. 14 Site #1 – pallet repair (tools B, C, D, E and F) At site 1, it was not possible to measure the noise level at the operator’s ear due to on site health and safety restrictions. The sound level meter was set up at a distance of 2m from the operator’s location and at a height of 1.55m. Figure 7 shows the measurement set up. B&K 2260 sound level meter Operator location Figure 7. Site #1 measurement set up The background noise levels were high relative to the noise level from the tool. The values obtained at this site were corrected for background noise. Of 50 measurements made, 17 could be corrected for background noise. The remaining 33 measurements were discarded. Further corrections have not been made. Site #2 – furniture manufacture including upholstery (tools G, H and K) There were no deviations from the measurement procedure at this site. It was noted by the site health and safety advisor that on the day the site was visited that the shift patterns meant there were fewer people than normal on the shop floor. This meant that background noise levels were lower than normal. Figures 8a and 8b show typical measurement conditions and workpiece. Figure 8a. Frame construction Figure 8b. Typical workpiece for upholstering Site #3 – HSL simulated real tacking and fixing (tools A, I and J) The room used for the simulated real testing was small in comparison to a typical work environment where fastener driving tools might be found (warehouse / factory). Figure 9 shows the sample workpieces used during measurement. 15 5mm softwood 7.5mm MDF (medium density fibre board) 19mm softwood moulding 43mm pine Figure 9. Sample workpiece for simulated real measurement Site #4 – pallet manufacturer (tools C, D, E and F) There were no deviations from the measurement procedure at site 4. Two different operations were recorded: Operation 1. Clenching This is when a section of pallet is constructed on a part metal frame. When the nails are fired through the pallet material, the end of the nail is bent over by the metal plate located underneath (see Figures 10a and 10b). The location of the workstation was flush up against a large warehouse façade. Metal runner plates Bent over nails Figure 10a. Clenching operation Figure 10b. Clenching result Operation 2. Pallet making Figure 11 shows the operation of pallet making. Results were obtained from measurement at the operator’s ear. The process of pallet making in this instance was a two-man job. Both workers were firing nails during measurement. The second worker was approximately 1.5m from the operator. The results for this process have not been corrected for the second worker. 16 Measuring instrumentation Operator using tool under test Second worker Figure 11. Pallet making IN REAL USE / FIELD RESULTS 5.4 Figure 12 shows the range of levels from all the in real use / simulated real measurements. Full details can be found in Appendix D. Table 9 shows the number of measurements made at each site for each tool. 110 105 LpA,1s (dB) 100 95 90 85 80 A B C D E F G H I J K Tool Figure 12. Range of results from all in real use / simulated real measurements. Note: Background corrections have been made where applicable (see Table 8). 17 Table 9. Number of measurements per site Tool Site #1 Site #2 Site #3 Site #4 A - - 4 - B 1 - - - C 2 - - 2 D 3 - - 6 E 6 - - 8 F 5 - - 2 G - 15 - - H - 18 - - I - - 10 - J - - 6 - K - 4 - - The limited field data gathered suggest that noise from fastener driving tools is likely to be a significant contributor to risk of hearing damage if a person is exposed to more than about 500 events per day. For example, for Tool A the typically highest field LpA,1s values lie between 98 and 100 dB leading to an equivalent eight-hour daily personal exposure, LEP,d, in the region of 81 dB. Example for Tool A: ⎛ number of events per day ⎞ LEP ,d = L pA,1s , field + 10 log⎜ ⎟ 28,800 seconds ⎠ ⎝ ⎛ 500 ⎞ = 99 + 10 log⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 28 ,800 ⎠ = 81 dB For other tools the risk could be significant after only 100 events per day. For example, for Tool J a field LpA,1s was measured at 105 dB. Example for Tool J: ⎛ number of events per day ⎞ LEP ,d = L pA,1s , field + 10 log⎜ ⎟ 28,800 seconds ⎝ ⎠ ⎛ 100 ⎞ = 105 + 10 log⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 28 ,800 ⎠ = 80 dB It should also be noted that it is not necessarily only the tool operator who may be exposed to noise. As shown in Figure 11, some processes involve more than one person; near neighbours to the tool operator(s) will also be exposed to the tool noise. 18 6 6.1 DISCUSSION VERIFICATION OF MANUFACTURERS’ DECLARED EMISSION For comparison of measured and declared emission values, BS EN ISO 4871:1997 states that the (laboratory) measured emission must be less than or equal to the declared emission plus the uncertainty value associated with the measurement i.e. Lmeasured ≤ Ldeclared + Kdeclared. Table 10 shows a comparison of the measured and declared noise emissions for each tool. Tools D, E, F, G and K were declared as a single-number declaration where the manufacturer’s Kvalue has already been included in the declared value. Therefore for these tools the test of verification is Lmeasured ≤ Ldeclared(including K value). The magnitude of the K-value is unknown. Tools A, B, H, I and J were all declared without a K value. For these tools, the K value has been calculated in accordance with BS EN ISO 4871:1997. Tool C’s declaration has not been used. Table 10. Verification of declared emissions, dB Declared Measured Declared Verified Tool LpA,1s LWA,1s KWA,1s LpA,1s KpA,1s LpA,1s KpA,1s Measured LWA,1s KWA,1s Verified LWA,1s A 96 4.1 95.7 4.1 Yes 103 2.5 99.9 2.5 Yes B 89.7 4.1 92.6 4.1 Yes 97.4 2.5 99.5 2.5 Yes C - - 95.7 4.1 - - - 105.7 2.5 - 95.5 2.5 No D 88.06 Included 84.6 4.1 Yes 94.84 Included E 87.9 Included 88.2 4.1 No 96 Included 98.7 2.5 No F 89 Included 87.0 4.1 Yes 98.6 Included 96.8 2.5 Yes G 84 Included 88.7 4.1 No 92 Included 95.0 2.5 No H 80 4.1 86.3 4.1 No 85 2.5 89.8 2.5 No I 85.1 4.1 79.9 4.1 Yes 94.2 2.5 88.7 2.5 Yes J 87 4.1 88.5 4.1 Yes 96 2.5 97.1 2.5 Yes K 68.4 Included 87.2 4.1 No 75.8 Included 90.5 2.5 No Considering only the LpA,1s, six out of 10 tools are verified (tools A, B, D, F, I and J). If LWA,1s is considered, then tool D is no longer verified leaving five out of 10 tools verified. This anomaly may be attributable to the directional nature of the noise from the tools. There is no link between the LpA,1s and LWA,1s values. The former is an average of five measurements at a single discrete microphone location (position O) whilst the latter is an average of the same five measurements at nine microphone locations (positions 1 to 9) on a hypothetical cube shaped measurement surface. The standard deviation for tool D is small (0.43dB on the LpA,1s and 0.37dB on the LWA,1s). 6.1.1 Tool C’s declared emission The declaration values for Tool C were requested directly from the manufacturer as the manufacturer’s instruction manual, the EC declaration quoting EN 792-13:2000, did not contain any information regarding the tool’s noise emission. The declared values are in the form of LpAImax and LWAImax and were obtained in accordance with DIN 45 635 Teil 66. The LpAImax and LWAImax parameters are no longer commonly used to characterise machine or noise sources. They also pre-date the 1992 Machinery Directive. The parameters are therefore not suitable for inclusion in data analysis. 19 6.2 ANALYSIS OF HSL MEASURED EMISSION From Table 1 it is known that the tools tested cover a range of types and sizes of fastener driving machine. Table 11 details which tool belongs to which tool type and size category. Grouping the tools in this manner allows for easier identification of low or high noise designs when considering the measured emission values within the tool groupings e.g. it may be reasonably assumed that a fine wire stapler is likely to have a lower noise emission value than a heavy duty nailer; their applications and tool type are very different and their emission results should not, therefore, be compared on a like-for-like basis. It should also be noted the sample set in this study is small and comparisons are drawn based only on this sample set. Table 11. Tool groupings according to type and size Tool type Tools in group Large nailers A, B, F Small nailers C, D, E Heavy wire / corrugated fastener G, J Fine wire / bradder H, I, K Subjectively, the emission data has the potential to identify low and high noise tools. For example, the emission test clearly produces a range of values for the different tool types. Within the categories outlined in Table 11, potential users could come to the conclusion that Tools F and I were 'low noise'. By the same methodology, Tool C could be identified as 'high noise' within its group and 'high noise' within the larger grouping of all nailers. Furthering the same example, the potential user, when looking at nailers in general, might then also decide that, on the basis of noise emission, use of a smaller nailer might be a better choice than use of a larger nailer. This should in turn lead the potential user to consider whether a change of work process to allow the use of the smaller nailer would be appropriate in order to reduce the risks from workplace noise exposure when using nailing tools. It should be noted that in order to establish whether, in practice, a user would be right to choose or reject a fastener driving tool on the basis of noise emission data alone, significantly more field data would be required. The relationship between the declared emission, laboratory measured emission and the field data could not be determined. 20 7 CONCLUSIONS Where LpA,1s: A-weighted single-event emission sound pressure level at the workstation (dB) LWA,1s: A-weighted single-event sound power level (dB) • The quality of declared airborne noise emission data varied between manufacturers. Two out of the 11 tools used in this project were supplied with inappropriate or clearly erroneous data (Tools C and K respectively). While the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended, and related transposed standards for the family of tools under consideration, are clear about declaration requirements, the information available with tools is not always consistent or transparent. • HSL was able to verify the manufacturers’ declared emissions for five of the 11 tools tested for the LWA,1s parameter. A sixth tool (Tool D) verified for the LpA,1s parameter. The two parameters are derived from independent measurements, although they may be made at the same time during the same operation. This could be a flaw in the test method with limited measurement positions not accurately capturing a highly directional noise source. • Provided all conditions are maintained, the standard laboratory test is repeatable, though not necessarily reproducible for the determination of LpA,1s. If a variable is introduced, for example, a change in operator, the uncertainty of measurement can increase beyond the uncertainty value attached to the noise descriptor. • For the determination of LWA,1s, the standard laboratory test is not sufficiently repeatable or reproducible. • The actuation mode of the tool (contact, single sequential or full sequential) does not affect the noise emitted from the tool beyond the uncertainty value attached to the noise descriptor. • The test method described in BS EN 12549:1999 has the potential to distinguish between low and high noise tools even though the tool types covered by the standard are very different. Significantly more field data is required to determine whether users can reliably make use of emission data to identify low or high noise tools in practice. The relationship between the declared emission, laboratory measured emission and the field data could not be determined. • Field measurements showed that in real use noise emissions may vary by up to 15 dB on a single tool dependent on the process, workpiece and the working environment. Noise from fastener driving tools is likely to be a significant contributor to risk of hearing damage if a person is exposed to more than about 500 events per day (an LpA,1s value in the region of 98 to 100 dB giving an equivalent eight-hour daily personal exposure, LEP,d, of approximately 81 dB). For other tools the risk could be significant after only 100 events per day (an LpA,1s value of 105 dB giving an equivalent LEP,d of approximately 80 dB). 21 8 APPENDIX A - EQUIPMENT Equipment Serial number Laboratory emission measurement DELL Latitude Laptop (Pulse 2001) 99123 B&K Pulse 3032A 6/1 ch input/ouput module 2325758 B&K Pulse 3560-B-110 5/1 ch input/output module 2517781 B&K Pulse software version 10.2 B&K Pulse 2001 dongle (6ch) B&K Pulse 2006 dongle (5ch) USB hub LAN switch box B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 1) 2510518 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 2) 2510519 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 3) 2510520 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 4) 2510521 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 5) 2510522 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 6) 2510523 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 7) 2510524 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 8) 2510525 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position 9) 2510526 B&K 4190 C1 (microphone position O) 2510527 Real use / field measurement B&K 2260 Investigator 2305154 B&K 4189 microphone 2294166 B&K 4231 calibrator 2309005 22 9 APPENDIX B – MEASURED EMISSION RESULTS Page 24 Tool A Page 25 Tool B Page 26 Tool C Page 27 Tool D Page 28 Tool E Page 29 Tool F Page 30 Tool G Page 31 Tool H Page 32 Tool I Page 33 Tool J Page 34 Tool K 23 24 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 81.4 83.9 82.6 85.7 84.8 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 85.6 88.0 86.3 89.0 87.1 87.2 1.34 2 81.7 83.8 82.5 85.5 83.9 mic position 0 126.0 dB(C) 128.0 dB(C) 128.0 dB(C) 129.0 dB(C) 129.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 128.0 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 85.3 event 2 88.1 event 3 86.4 event 4 89.2 event 5 88.0 L'pA,1s,i Average 87.4 std dev 1.55 LpA,1s,1m 86.9 av std dev 1.13 LWA,1s 99.9 L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool A 4 89.0 91.8 90.9 91.9 91.1 90.9 1.17 4 85.1 87.6 87.1 88.4 87.9 5 82.3 84.1 83.0 84.4 83.9 83.5 0.88 5 78.4 79.9 79.2 80.9 80.7 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the CCwgt peak emission emission sound pressure level of the test object object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with with EN ISO 11201. 3 79.8 82.1 80.7 82.1 81.4 81.2 0.99 3 75.9 77.9 76.9 78.6 78.2 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 80.5 82.1 81.7 83.0 82.3 81.9 0.93 6 76.6 77.9 77.9 79.5 79.1 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 86.5 89.2 87.5 89.2 88.6 88.2 1.18 7 82.6 85.0 83.7 85.7 85.4 event 1 2 3 8 85.5 87.9 86.3 88.2 87.2 87.0 1.12 8 81.6 83.7 82.5 84.7 84.0 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 85.1 86.9 85.8 87.6 86.5 86.4 0.97 9 81.2 82.7 82.0 84.1 83.3 7 0 94.0 96.3 95.3 96.7 96.1 95.7 1.08 0 90.1 92.1 91.5 93.2 92.9 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 2.435 2.61 2.373 2.215 2.109 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 95.7 dB(A) ion This is the A-wgt single-event emission single-event emiss sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. ith the value g iven in For comparison w with given Annex A, 1.7.4(f) Annex 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission emission sound level at the workstat ion, LpAeq, pressure level workstation, ing shall be calculated taking calculated from LpA,1s by tak ible number into consideration the max poss possible of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 25 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 86.0 87.1 85.5 87.0 86.9 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 79.2 78.0 75.3 75.8 79.3 77.5 1.88 2 74.9 73.8 71.5 72.8 76.8 mic position 0 122.0 dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) 117.0 dB(C) 117.0 dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 119.2 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 90.3 event 2 91.3 event 3 89.3 event 4 90.0 event 5 89.4 L'pA,1s,i Average 90.0 std 0.80 LpA,1s,1m 86.5 av std dev 1.18 99.5 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool B 4 89.1 89.0 89.7 89.6 90.8 89.6 0.73 4 84.8 84.8 85.9 86.6 88.3 5 82.5 82.1 81.5 81.3 81.6 81.8 0.48 5 78.2 77.9 77.7 78.3 79.1 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 87.4 85.2 84.5 83.8 89.0 85.9 2.17 3 83.1 81.0 80.7 80.8 86.5 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 81.0 79.2 76.7 76.5 80.8 78.8 2.16 6 76.7 75.0 72.9 73.5 78.3 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 84.6 82.9 82.8 82.7 85.1 83.6 1.14 7 80.3 78.7 79.0 79.7 82.6 event 1 2 3 8 85.4 85.9 84.6 84.8 86.3 85.4 0.73 8 81.1 81.7 80.8 81.8 83.8 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 89.3 89.6 89.4 88.8 90.3 89.4 0.56 9 85.0 85.4 85.6 85.8 87.8 7 0 93.9 92.0 91.4 91.3 94.6 92.6 1.52 0 89.6 87.8 87.6 88.3 92.1 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 2.663 2.61 2.382 1.978 1.775 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 92.6 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 26 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 93.0 93.1 94.2 94.9 93.7 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 93.6 93.9 93.9 93.9 93.9 93.8 0.16 2 89.6 89.8 90.8 91.3 90.3 mic position 0 123.0 dB(C) 124.0 dB(C) 124.0 dB(C) 124.0 dB(C) 124.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 123.8 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 97.0 event 2 97.2 event 3 97.3 event 4 97.5 event 5 97.3 L'pA,1s,i Average 97.3 std 0.20 LpA,1s,1m 92.7 av std dev 0.29 105.7 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool C 4 93.1 93.3 93.5 93.4 93.8 93.4 0.26 4 89.1 89.2 90.4 90.8 90.2 5 91.6 90.8 90.4 90.3 90.1 90.6 0.59 5 87.6 86.7 87.3 87.7 86.5 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 79.6 79.7 80.2 80.1 80.6 80.0 0.40 3 75.6 75.6 77.1 77.5 77.0 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 82.4 82.3 82.2 82.1 81.8 82.2 0.24 6 78.4 78.2 79.1 79.5 78.2 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 87.2 87.3 87.7 87.6 87.6 87.5 0.23 7 83.2 83.2 84.6 85.0 84.0 event 1 2 3 8 91.9 92.2 92.1 92.1 91.8 92.0 0.20 8 87.9 88.1 89.0 89.5 88.2 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 95.6 94.8 95.0 95.1 94.8 95.1 0.31 9 91.6 90.7 91.9 92.5 91.2 7 0 95.2 95.3 95.9 95.9 96.0 95.7 0.38 0 91.2 91.2 92.8 93.3 92.4 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 2.487 2.593 2.048 1.828 2.268 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 95.7 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 27 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 81.6 83.8 84.4 83.8 83.0 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 84.1 84.7 84.8 85.3 84.5 84.7 0.45 2 79.9 82.2 82.2 82.7 80.9 mic position 0 114.0 dB(C) 112.0 dB(C) 115.0 dB(C) 114.0 dB(C) 114.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 113.8 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 85.8 event 2 86.3 event 3 87.0 event 4 86.4 event 5 86.6 L'pA,1s,i Average 86.4 std 0.46 LpA,1s,1m 82.5 av std dev 0.37 95.5 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool D 4 83.2 83.2 84.0 83.5 83.5 83.5 0.35 4 79.0 80.7 81.4 80.9 79.9 5 81.0 80.9 80.8 80.2 81.0 80.8 0.33 5 76.8 78.4 78.2 77.6 77.4 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 71.0 71.3 71.3 71.9 71.3 71.3 0.33 3 66.8 68.8 68.7 69.3 67.7 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 73.6 73.7 73.3 73.2 72.4 73.2 0.52 6 69.4 71.2 70.7 70.6 68.8 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 78.3 77.7 78.2 78.5 77.6 78.0 0.41 7 74.1 75.2 75.6 75.9 74.0 event 1 2 3 8 80.8 80.7 80.9 81.0 80.6 80.8 0.18 8 76.6 78.2 78.3 78.4 77.0 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 84.9 84.5 85.2 85.1 84.6 84.8 0.33 9 80.7 82.0 82.6 82.5 81.0 7 0 84.4 84.4 84.8 85.3 84.3 84.6 0.43 0 80.2 81.9 82.2 82.7 80.7 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 2.61 1.758 1.828 1.811 2.268 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 84.6 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 28 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 89.1 90.4 90.3 91.7 91.3 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 86.4 85.7 85.4 85.5 85.7 85.7 0.38 2 84.1 84.8 84.7 85.5 86.3 mic position 0 117.0 dB(C) 116.0 dB(C) 116.0 dB(C) 116.0 dB(C) 116.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 116.2 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 91.4 event 2 91.3 event 3 91.0 event 4 91.7 event 5 90.7 L'pA,1s,i Average 91.2 std 0.36 LpA,1s,1m 85.7 av std dev 0.56 98.7 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool E 4 86.4 88.0 86.4 88.3 86.2 87.0 0.99 4 84.1 87.1 85.7 88.3 86.8 5 84.4 84.2 83.5 83.9 83.0 83.8 0.53 5 82.1 83.3 82.8 83.9 83.6 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 72.5 71.8 72.1 71.2 70.9 71.7 0.63 3 70.2 70.9 71.4 71.2 71.5 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 74.3 73.7 74.1 74.0 72.5 73.7 0.68 6 72.0 72.8 73.4 74.0 73.1 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 79.6 80.4 80.2 80.2 79.1 79.9 0.52 7 77.3 79.5 79.5 80.2 79.7 event 1 2 3 8 84.9 86.1 85.8 86.6 84.7 85.6 0.79 8 82.6 85.2 85.1 86.6 85.3 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 86.3 86.3 85.9 86.2 86.0 86.1 0.16 9 84.0 85.4 85.2 86.2 86.6 7 0 88.4 88.1 88.1 88.2 88.4 88.2 0.17 0 86.1 87.2 87.4 88.2 89.0 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 1.679 1.222 1.169 0.9932 0.8789 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 88.2 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 29 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 87.6 86.1 88.1 90.7 88.5 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 84.7 84.6 83.8 83.1 85.1 84.2 0.78 2 83.2 82.2 82.6 85.6 84.2 mic position 0 114.0 dB(C) 114.0 dB(C) 114.0 dB(C) 114.0 dB(C) 114.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 114.0 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 89.1 event 2 88.5 event 3 89.3 event 4 88.2 event 5 89.4 L'pA,1s,i Average 88.9 std 0.53 LpA,1s,1m 83.8 av std dev 0.53 96.8 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool F 4 84.4 85.3 84.3 86.0 85.0 85.0 0.70 4 82.9 82.9 83.1 88.5 84.1 5 82.2 83.4 82.5 83.1 82.6 82.7 0.48 5 80.7 81.0 81.3 85.6 81.7 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 72.9 72.9 72.2 71.3 73.3 72.5 0.77 3 71.4 70.5 71.0 73.8 72.4 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 75.0 73.6 74.5 73.7 74.8 74.3 0.63 6 73.5 71.2 73.3 76.2 73.9 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 79.7 79.3 79.4 79.3 79.0 79.3 0.25 7 78.2 76.9 78.2 81.8 78.1 event 1 2 3 8 82.6 83.1 82.8 83.2 82.6 82.8 0.29 8 81.1 80.7 81.6 85.7 81.7 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 84.8 85.2 84.9 85.5 84.7 85.0 0.34 9 83.3 82.8 83.7 88.0 83.8 7 0 87.3 86.9 87.0 87.0 86.9 87.0 0.16 0 85.8 84.5 85.8 89.5 86.0 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 1.397 1.723 1.327 0.5625 1.222 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 87.0 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 30 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 85.0 84.2 83.9 84.6 86.0 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 75.1 75.3 75.8 75.7 77.2 75.8 0.82 2 74.7 74.1 73.6 74.7 76.2 mic position 0 121.0 dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) 119.0 dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 85.4 event 2 85.4 event 3 86.1 event 4 85.6 event 5 87.0 L'pA,1s,i Average 85.9 std 0.67 LpA,1s,1m 82.0 av std dev 0.62 95.0 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool G 4 84.2 84.2 84.7 84.5 85.3 84.6 0.45 4 83.8 83.0 82.5 83.5 84.3 5 76.6 76.8 77.2 76.9 78.1 77.1 0.58 5 76.2 75.6 75.0 75.9 77.1 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 80.8 80.7 81.3 80.9 82.5 81.3 0.74 3 80.4 79.5 79.1 79.9 81.5 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 72.1 72.1 73.2 72.0 73.0 72.5 0.55 6 71.7 70.9 71.0 71.0 72.0 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 79.5 79.3 80.2 79.4 81.0 79.9 0.71 7 79.1 78.1 78.0 78.4 80.0 event 1 2 3 8 80.6 80.6 81.7 80.5 81.8 81.1 0.64 8 80.2 79.4 79.5 79.5 80.8 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 83.6 84.3 84.7 84.3 84.8 84.4 0.46 9 83.2 83.1 82.5 83.3 83.8 7 0 88.7 88.5 88.4 88.5 89.2 88.7 0.33 0 88.3 87.3 86.2 87.5 88.2 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 1.107 1.327 1.652 1.266 1.266 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq 88.7 15.0 100.4 dB(A) dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 31 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 72.5 73.7 72.9 74.6 74.7 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 78.7 80.0 76.9 78.0 78.5 78.4 1.12 2 75.1 77.0 75.8 78.0 78.0 mic position 0 124.0 dB(C) 124.0 dB(C) 118.0 dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) 121.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 121.4 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 76.1 event 2 76.7 event 3 74.0 event 4 74.6 event 5 75.2 L'pA,1s,i Average 75.3 std 1.08 LpA,1s,1m 76.8 av std dev 1.52 89.8 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool H 4 79.6 80.7 76.8 77.8 77.6 78.5 1.59 4 76.0 77.7 75.7 77.8 77.1 5 75.6 77.8 72.9 73.0 73.9 74.6 2.06 5 72.0 74.8 71.8 73.0 73.4 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 71.3 72.3 70.0 70.5 70.9 71.0 0.87 3 67.7 69.3 68.9 70.5 70.4 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 75.6 76.1 72.8 73.2 73.7 74.3 1.47 6 72.0 73.1 71.7 73.2 73.2 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 78.6 79.1 75.6 77.3 76.6 77.4 1.43 7 75.0 76.1 74.5 77.3 76.1 event 1 2 3 8 77.4 79.7 73.5 73.8 73.8 75.6 2.77 8 73.8 76.7 72.4 73.8 73.3 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 80.5 82.2 79.2 79.7 78.9 80.1 1.32 9 76.9 79.2 78.1 79.7 78.4 7 0 88.0 88.8 84.5 85.3 85.1 86.3 1.92 0 84.4 85.8 83.4 85.3 84.6 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 2.268 1.986 1.283 1.002 1.116 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq 86.3 26.0 100.5 dB(A) dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 32 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 78.4 78.0 79.2 79.1 79.0 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 70.4 69.9 69.7 70.4 70.1 70.1 0.31 2 68.2 68.1 69.3 69.2 68.8 mic position 0 110.0 dB(C) 110.0 dB(C) 110.0 dB(C) 109.0 dB(C) 110.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 109.8 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 80.6 event 2 79.8 event 3 79.6 event 4 80.3 event 5 80.3 L'pA,1s,i Average 80.1 std 0.40 LpA,1s,1m 75.7 av std dev 0.36 88.7 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool I 4 76.8 76.6 76.1 77.2 77.0 76.7 0.41 4 74.6 74.8 75.7 76.0 75.7 5 72.6 72.5 72.4 73.2 73.2 72.8 0.38 5 70.4 70.7 72.0 72.0 71.9 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 74.5 74.2 73.7 74.7 74.0 74.2 0.40 3 72.3 72.4 73.3 73.5 72.7 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 72.5 72.2 71.4 72.4 72.3 72.2 0.42 6 70.3 70.4 71.0 71.2 71.0 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 73.4 73.3 72.5 73.3 73.1 73.1 0.35 7 71.2 71.5 72.1 72.1 71.8 event 1 2 3 8 75.1 74.4 74.5 74.8 74.9 74.7 0.29 8 72.9 72.6 74.1 73.6 73.6 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 78.3 77.8 77.9 78.5 78.4 78.2 0.31 9 76.1 76.0 77.5 77.3 77.1 7 0 80.0 80.0 79.8 79.9 79.8 79.9 0.10 0 77.8 78.2 79.4 78.7 78.5 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 1.661 1.503 1.107 1.327 1.336 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 79.9 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 33 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 85.0 85.9 85.2 85.1 84.6 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 84.9 85.9 84.3 85.3 85.1 85.1 0.58 2 80.8 82.1 80.7 81.3 80.5 mic position 0 122.0 dB(C) 119.0 dB(C) 121.0 dB(C) 120.0 dB(C) 121.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 120.6 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 89.1 event 2 89.7 event 3 88.8 event 4 89.1 event 5 89.2 L'pA,1s,i Average 89.2 std 0.32 LpA,1s,1m 84.1 av std dev 0.45 97.1 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool J 4 85.0 85.6 85.3 85.0 85.1 85.2 0.24 4 80.9 81.8 81.7 81.0 80.5 5 81.7 82.2 81.9 81.7 81.2 81.7 0.36 5 77.6 78.4 78.3 77.7 76.6 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 77.3 77.6 76.0 76.9 77.2 77.0 0.60 3 73.2 73.8 72.4 72.9 72.6 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 75.7 75.9 74.8 75.4 74.8 75.3 0.50 6 71.6 72.1 71.2 71.4 70.2 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 81.6 82.1 81.0 81.1 81.5 81.5 0.42 7 77.5 78.3 77.4 77.1 76.9 event 1 2 3 8 82.4 82.9 82.7 81.8 82.0 82.4 0.44 8 78.3 79.1 79.1 77.8 77.4 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 85.2 85.3 84.3 84.3 84.1 84.6 0.54 9 81.1 81.5 80.7 80.3 79.5 7 0 88.8 89.1 88.1 88.2 88.5 88.5 0.39 0 84.7 85.3 84.5 84.2 83.9 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 2.549 2.382 2.285 2.54 2.874 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 88.5 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 34 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 75.6 74.7 74.4 74.1 73.1 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak 2 78.8 79.6 79.6 79.7 80.7 79.7 0.66 2 78.0 77.7 77.7 77.8 77.2 mic position 0 121.0 dB(C) 122.0 dB(C) 122.0 dB(C) 122.0 dB(C) 123.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 122.0 dB(C) mic position 1 event 1 76.4 event 2 76.6 event 3 76.3 event 4 76.0 event 5 76.6 L'pA,1s,i Average 76.4 std 0.24 LpA,1s,1m 77.5 av std dev 0.49 90.5 LWA,1s L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool K 4 76.1 76.8 76.6 77.0 77.1 76.7 0.38 4 75.3 74.9 74.7 75.1 73.6 5 78.1 78.6 78.6 78.8 79.8 78.8 0.61 5 77.3 76.7 76.7 76.9 76.3 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 67.4 68.0 67.8 68.1 68.7 68.0 0.46 3 66.6 66.1 65.9 66.2 65.2 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 75.1 76.3 75.7 75.3 76.5 75.8 0.60 6 74.3 74.4 73.8 73.4 73.0 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 76.4 77.5 77.3 77.5 78.9 77.5 0.88 7 75.6 75.6 75.4 75.6 75.4 event 1 2 3 8 77.3 77.7 77.8 77.6 78.0 77.7 0.25 8 76.5 75.8 75.9 75.7 74.5 event 2 4 6 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 78.8 78.9 79.3 79.3 79.5 79.2 0.29 9 78.0 77.0 77.4 77.4 76.0 7 0 86.0 86.6 87.2 87.2 88.8 87.2 1.03 0 85.2 84.7 85.3 85.3 85.3 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 1.204 1.547 1.564 1.547 2.224 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 87.2 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 10 APPENDIX C – ADDITIONAL LABORATORY TEST RESULTS Page 36 Tool C Page 37 Tool D Page 38 Tool E Page 39 Tool F Page 40 Tool J Page 41 Tool K 35 36 105.5 LWA,1s mic position 1 96.1 96.2 96.2 95.4 95.9 96.0 92.5 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 93.9 94.6 94.3 94.4 93.6 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool C - BUMP 106.1 LWA,1s mic position 1 97.0 97.1 96.8 96.8 97.3 97.0 93.1 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 93.1 96.0 94.7 94.5 93.5 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool C - STD 2 92.8 93.3 93.4 92.9 93.1 93.1 2 90.6 91.7 91.5 91.9 90.8 2 93.9 94.4 93.5 93.2 93.6 93.7 2 90.0 93.3 91.4 90.9 89.8 3 81.8 81.4 81.7 81.8 82.0 81.8 3 79.6 79.8 79.8 80.8 79.7 3 79.7 80.1 79.4 79.2 80.0 79.7 3 75.8 79.0 77.3 76.9 76.2 4 93.4 93.3 93.7 93.5 94.3 93.7 4 91.2 91.7 91.8 92.5 92.0 4 93.9 94.8 94.1 94.5 94.5 94.3 4 90.0 93.7 92.0 92.2 90.7 5 89.1 89.6 89.0 88.8 89.3 89.2 5 86.9 88.0 87.1 87.8 87.0 5 90.1 90.4 89.5 89.9 89.7 89.9 5 86.2 89.3 87.4 87.6 85.9 6 82.4 82.7 83.0 81.9 82.3 82.5 6 80.2 81.1 81.1 80.9 80.0 6 83.5 82.9 82.1 82.2 82.3 82.6 6 79.6 81.8 80.0 79.9 78.5 7 87.1 87.8 88.5 87.7 88.3 87.9 7 84.9 86.2 86.6 86.7 86.0 7 88.6 88.6 88.2 88.6 88.8 88.5 7 84.7 87.5 86.1 86.3 85.0 8 92.1 91.9 92.5 91.6 92.0 92.0 8 89.9 90.3 90.6 90.6 89.7 8 92.7 92.8 92.7 92.7 92.7 92.7 8 88.8 91.7 90.6 90.4 88.9 9 96.2 96.3 96.6 95.7 96.3 96.2 9 94.0 94.7 94.7 94.7 94.0 9 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.5 96.3 9 92.4 95.3 94.3 93.8 92.7 0 98.8 99.2 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.4 0 96.6 97.6 97.6 98.6 97.4 0 98.5 99.0 99.7 99.5 99.6 99.2 0 94.6 97.9 97.6 97.2 95.8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) Time 1.67 1.441 1.547 1.266 1.714 Time 2.435 1.283 1.608 1.714 2.382 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) K1A 0 #NUM! 99.2 K2A 0 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! 99.4 dB(A) dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s 37 94.0 LWA,1s mic position 1 85.5 84.1 85.4 84.6 84.4 84.8 81.0 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 83.7 82.5 83.7 84.2 82.0 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool D - BUMP 96.3 LWA,1s mic position 1 87.1 86.4 85.7 85.8 86.9 86.4 83.3 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 84.5 84.9 84.3 84.0 85.1 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool D - STD 2 75.7 74.0 74.7 73.3 73.6 74.3 2 73.9 72.4 73.0 72.9 71.2 2 76.9 76.9 76.0 77.6 75.9 76.6 2 74.3 75.4 74.6 75.8 74.1 3 79.4 78.7 79.8 78.5 79.7 79.2 3 77.6 77.1 78.1 78.1 77.3 3 80.2 80.5 80.9 80.1 81.5 80.6 3 77.6 79.0 79.5 78.3 79.7 4 83.6 82.8 83.6 82.3 83.6 83.2 4 81.8 81.2 81.9 81.9 81.2 4 84.3 85.4 86.8 86.4 86.0 85.8 4 81.7 83.9 85.4 84.6 84.2 5 77.8 77.3 77.7 76.7 77.7 77.4 5 76.0 75.7 76.0 76.3 75.3 5 79.6 79.1 78.7 79.7 79.9 79.4 5 77.0 77.6 77.3 77.9 78.1 6 72.9 72.3 72.3 72.7 72.5 72.5 6 71.1 70.7 70.6 72.3 70.1 6 72.2 72.9 72.5 72.4 73.4 72.7 6 69.6 71.4 71.1 70.6 71.6 7 78.7 77.6 78.6 78.7 78.5 78.4 7 76.9 76.0 76.9 78.3 76.1 7 81.2 82.3 82.8 81.8 82.3 82.1 7 78.6 80.8 81.4 80.0 80.5 8 80.4 80.2 80.8 80.4 81.5 80.7 8 78.6 78.6 79.1 80.0 79.1 8 82.1 83.5 82.2 83.6 83.3 82.9 8 79.5 82.0 80.8 81.8 81.5 9 84.2 83.9 84.0 84.2 84.5 84.2 9 82.4 82.3 82.3 83.8 82.1 9 85.9 87.3 86.7 86.9 88.1 87.0 9 83.3 85.8 85.3 85.1 86.3 0 86.6 86.9 86.8 87.1 87.7 87.0 0 84.8 85.3 85.1 86.7 85.3 0 88.3 89.8 90.4 89.8 91.5 89.9 0 85.7 88.3 89.0 88.0 89.7 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) Time 1.503 1.441 1.485 1.107 1.723 Time 1.828 1.397 1.389 1.503 1.503 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) K1A 0 #NUM! 89.9 K2A 0 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! 87.0 dB(A) dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s 38 100.2 LWA,1s mic position 1 91.2 90.9 91.9 91.3 91.5 91.4 87.2 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 87.9 87.7 87.7 89.6 87.9 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool E - BUMP 99.9 LWA,1s mic position 1 91.3 90.7 91.2 91.1 91.3 91.1 86.9 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 89.2 89.0 88.8 88.5 88.4 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool E - STD 2 88.5 88.4 88.7 89.0 90.1 88.9 2 85.2 85.2 84.5 87.3 86.5 2 88.7 88.5 88.4 89.1 88.6 88.6 2 86.6 86.8 86.0 86.5 85.7 3 71.5 71.5 72.0 71.7 72.5 71.8 3 68.2 68.3 67.8 70.0 68.9 3 71.0 70.9 70.8 71.2 71.7 71.1 3 68.9 69.2 68.4 68.6 68.8 4 87.8 87.8 88.8 88.0 88.9 88.3 4 84.5 84.6 84.6 86.3 85.3 4 87.9 87.7 88.1 88.3 88.1 88.0 4 85.8 86.0 85.7 85.7 85.2 5 86.1 86.4 86.2 86.2 86.9 86.4 5 82.8 83.2 82.0 84.5 83.3 5 84.3 85.0 85.6 86.0 85.8 85.3 5 82.2 83.3 83.2 83.4 82.9 6 76.3 75.8 76.4 77.4 78.0 76.8 6 73.0 72.6 72.2 75.7 74.4 6 75.1 75.4 75.7 76.1 75.6 75.6 6 73.0 73.7 73.3 73.5 72.7 7 79.9 80.1 80.6 80.5 80.5 80.3 7 76.6 76.9 76.4 78.8 76.9 7 80.0 80.1 80.6 80.4 80.1 80.2 7 77.9 78.4 78.2 77.8 77.2 8 85.3 86.1 87.3 86.0 86.7 86.3 8 82.0 82.9 83.1 84.3 83.1 8 86.5 86.5 86.5 86.2 86.3 86.4 8 84.4 84.8 84.1 83.6 83.4 9 88.4 89.5 90.0 89.7 90.0 89.5 9 85.1 86.3 85.8 88.0 86.4 9 89.1 89.5 89.3 89.6 88.8 89.2 9 87.0 87.8 86.9 87.0 85.9 0 89.8 89.9 90.4 90.8 90.3 90.2 0 86.5 86.7 86.2 89.1 86.7 0 89.4 89.1 89.4 89.8 89.1 89.3 0 87.3 87.4 87.0 87.2 86.2 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) Time 2.153 2.109 2.61 1.477 2.268 Time 1.608 1.477 1.723 1.828 1.942 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) K1A 0 #NUM! 89.3 K2A 0 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! 90.2 dB(A) dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s 39 97.8 LWA,1s mic position 1 87.3 87.2 88.2 87.6 88.4 87.8 84.8 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 84.0 86.1 86.3 87.2 85.6 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool F - BUMP 98.0 LWA,1s mic position 1 89.3 88.9 88.7 89.2 88.6 88.9 85.0 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 87.0 86.3 86.5 86.3 85.7 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool F - STD 2 72.6 71.6 73.1 72.8 73.6 72.8 2 69.3 70.5 71.2 72.4 70.8 2 75.5 75.2 75.8 75.5 75.2 75.4 2 73.2 72.6 73.6 72.6 72.3 3 84.7 83.1 84.0 82.5 84.1 83.7 3 81.4 82.0 82.1 82.1 81.3 3 83.0 83.8 84.6 84.7 83.4 83.9 3 80.7 81.2 82.4 81.8 80.5 4 88.3 88.5 88.2 87.8 87.8 88.1 4 85.0 87.4 86.3 87.4 85.0 4 88.4 88.5 88.0 88.7 88.8 88.5 4 86.1 85.9 85.8 85.8 85.9 5 75.9 74.4 75.2 75.1 75.4 75.2 5 72.6 73.3 73.3 74.7 72.6 5 77.1 76.6 77.2 76.8 76.7 76.9 5 74.8 74.0 75.0 73.9 73.8 6 78.3 78.5 79.2 77.6 79.4 78.6 6 75.0 77.4 77.3 77.2 76.6 6 77.7 77.4 77.8 76.9 77.5 77.5 6 75.4 74.8 75.6 74.0 74.6 7 82.1 82.8 83.0 81.4 82.7 82.4 7 78.8 81.7 81.1 81.0 79.9 7 81.9 81.8 82.2 82.2 82.3 82.1 7 79.6 79.2 80.0 79.3 79.4 8 83.2 84.3 84.5 83.4 84.4 84.0 8 79.9 83.2 82.6 83.0 81.6 8 84.3 83.9 84.1 84.2 83.9 84.1 8 82.0 81.3 81.9 81.3 81.0 9 88.0 88.0 89.0 87.6 88.6 88.3 9 84.7 86.9 87.1 87.2 85.8 9 88.0 87.2 87.4 87.2 87.4 87.4 9 85.7 84.6 85.2 84.3 84.5 0 91.5 91.4 92.3 91.8 92.4 91.9 0 88.2 90.3 90.4 91.4 89.6 0 90.5 90.5 91.2 92.2 91.1 91.1 0 88.2 87.9 89.0 89.3 88.2 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) Time 2.162 1.283 1.564 1.107 1.89 Time 1.714 1.828 1.652 1.942 1.934 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) K1A 0 #NUM! 91.1 K2A 0 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! 91.9 dB(A) dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s 40 97.6 LWA,1s mic position 1 88.4 88.0 87.6 87.7 88.8 88.1 84.6 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 86.2 86.9 86.4 86.1 88.1 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool J - BUMP 97.9 LWA,1s mic position 1 89.1 88.9 88.8 89.1 89.3 89.1 84.9 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 mic position 1 85.5 85.6 85.3 86.0 84.2 LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool J - STD 2 85.6 84.9 85.0 85.3 86.2 85.4 2 83.4 83.8 83.8 83.7 85.5 2 85.1 85.8 85.6 85.9 86.4 85.8 2 81.5 82.5 82.1 82.8 81.3 3 78.1 77.1 77.0 77.2 77.2 77.3 3 75.9 76.0 75.8 75.6 76.5 3 77.5 77.8 77.3 77.5 77.8 77.6 3 73.9 74.5 73.8 74.4 72.7 4 85.6 84.3 84.5 84.7 85.8 85.0 4 83.4 83.2 83.3 83.1 85.1 4 84.6 85.0 84.9 85.1 85.7 85.1 4 81.0 81.7 81.4 82.0 80.6 5 82.8 83.1 82.0 82.3 84.3 82.9 5 80.6 82.0 80.8 80.7 83.6 5 82.4 82.4 82.6 82.9 83.4 82.8 5 78.8 79.1 79.1 79.8 78.3 6 78.3 77.6 77.3 77.6 80.5 78.2 6 76.1 76.5 76.1 76.0 79.8 6 78.4 78.6 78.1 78.8 79.7 78.8 6 74.8 75.3 74.6 75.7 74.6 7 83.3 82.9 83.1 82.3 84.6 83.2 7 81.1 81.8 81.9 80.7 83.9 7 82.8 83.2 82.6 83.8 84.3 83.4 7 79.2 79.9 79.1 80.7 79.2 8 83.2 83.3 83.6 83.2 84.4 83.5 8 81.0 82.2 82.4 81.6 83.7 8 82.3 82.6 82.5 82.9 82.9 82.7 8 78.7 79.3 79.0 79.8 77.8 9 87.4 86.6 87.0 87.0 88.8 87.3 9 85.2 85.5 85.8 85.4 88.1 9 87.1 87.3 87.1 87.5 88.0 87.4 9 83.5 84.0 83.6 84.4 82.9 0 90.2 89.9 89.7 89.9 91.2 90.2 0 88.0 88.8 88.5 88.3 90.5 0 89.6 89.9 89.6 90.6 91.2 90.2 0 86.0 86.6 86.1 87.5 86.1 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) Time 1.661 1.274 1.327 1.441 1.169 Time 2.312 2.153 2.259 2.048 3.27 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) K1A 0 #NUM! 90.2 K2A 0 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! 90.2 dB(A) dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number s s s s s 41 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 Average std event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 1 event 2 event 3 event 4 event 5 event 6 event 7 event 8 event 9 event 10 LpC,peak Average LpC,peak LWA,1s LpA,1s,1m L'pA,1s,i L'pA,1s LpAeq,T Tool K - auto fire 2 80.8 80.1 78.5 80.5 79.0 79.8 0.99 2 91.2 91.4 89.1 89.2 89.5 mic position 0 127.0 dB(C) 129.0 dB(C) 125.0 dB(C) 123.0 dB(C) 119.0 dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) dB(C) 124.6 dB(C) 91.4 mic position 1 79.7 79.9 78.2 78.8 78.6 79.0 0.72 78.4 mic position 1 90.1 91.2 88.8 87.5 89.1 4 80.5 80.8 79.1 78.8 76.8 79.2 1.59 4 90.9 92.1 89.7 87.5 87.3 5 79.8 79.7 76.5 78.0 76.7 78.1 1.57 5 90.2 91.0 87.1 86.7 87.2 report only if >130 dB Peak = highest instaneous level This is the calculation for the Cwgt peak emission sound pressure level of the test object at the workstation. Determined in accordance with EN ISO 11201. 3 72.1 73.0 71.2 70.8 71.3 71.7 0.86 3 82.5 84.3 81.8 79.5 81.8 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 78.1 76.4 74.0 77.5 74.9 76.2 1.72 6 88.5 87.7 84.6 86.2 85.4 L'pA,1s [dB(A)] 1 7 80.4 81.6 77.9 77.0 75.3 78.4 2.54 7 90.8 92.9 88.5 85.7 85.8 event 1 2 3 8 80.8 81.3 78.4 77.2 75.4 78.6 2.46 8 91.2 92.6 89.0 85.9 85.9 event 2 4 6 7 0 90.6 90.7 87.8 87.2 85.7 88.4 2.18 0 101.0 102.0 98.4 95.9 96.2 event 3 mic position 5 L'pA,1s 9 81.1 81.2 79.2 80.3 79.1 80.2 1.00 9 91.5 92.5 89.8 89.0 89.6 event 4 8 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) event 5 9 0 Time 3.981 3.375 4.939 5.924 4.157 K1A 0 K2A 0 dB(A) LpA,1s Nmax LpAeq #NUM! dB(A) 88.4 dB(A) This is the A-wgt single-event emission sound pressure level at the work station LpA,1s. For comparison with the value given in Annex A, 1.7.4(f) of EN 292-2:1991the determination of the A-wgt emission sound pressure level at the workstation, LpAeq, shall be calculated from LpA,1s by taking into consideration the max possible number of driving processes in 1s, Nmax,1s: LpAeq = LpA,1s + 10logNmax,1s s s s s s 11 APPENDIX D – IN REAL USE / FIELD RESULTS Page 43 Site 1 Page 44 Site 2 Page 45 Site 3 Page 46 Site 4 42 43 event 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Site 1 @2m L'Aeq, T 90.6 89.6 89.3 99.5 90.6 88.8 88.9 90.0 97.1 92.3 92.3 91.0 91.9 91.0 93.7 94.5 89.7 87.3 91.9 92.9 93.7 89.8 89.6 87.0 95.8 93.8 93.8 94.1 92.8 92.4 92.1 98.3 97.9 91.9 86.1 91.3 93.8 88.5 90.0 89.0 87.5 87.9 90.1 90.5 87.8 88.1 88.3 89.8 88.8 90.8 @2m bkg 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 88.2 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 15 9 8 13 13 6 8 8 4 18 6 8 6 20 7 12 5 T 3 5 n 3 8 14 17 9 9 6 3 45 10 16 5 12 6 9 12 6 4 18 10 27 6 9 6 33 36 9 18 9 9 12 30 20 18 6 5 12 18 6 3 9 7 12 16 3 6 6 4 4 8 for 2m dist corr 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.26 5.02 5.02 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 10.84 10.84 10.84 10.84 10.84 10.84 10.84 10.84 10.84 11.54 11.54 11.54 11.54 11.54 11.54 11.54 11.54 ΔL 2.4 1.4 1.1 11.3 2.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 8.9 4.1 4.1 2.8 3.7 2.8 4 4.8 0 -2.4 2.2 3.2 4 0.1 -0.1 -2.7 6.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.1 2.7 2.4 8.6 8.2 2.2 -3.6 1.6 4.1 -1.2 0.3 -0.7 -2.2 -1.8 0.4 0.8 -1.9 -1.6 -1.4 0.1 -0.9 1.1 bkg corr 3.7 5.6 6.5 0.3 3.7 8.9 8.3 4.7 0.6 2.1 2.1 3.2 2.4 3.2 2.2 1.7 #NUM! #NUM! 4.0 2.8 2.2 16.4 #NUM! #NUM! 1.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.9 3.3 3.7 0.6 0.7 4.0 #NUM! 5.1 2.1 #NUM! 11.8 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 10.6 7.7 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 16.4 #NUM! 6.5 LAeq,T invalid invalid invalid 103.8 invalid invalid invalid invalid 100.8 94.4 94.4 invalid 93.7 invalid 96.5 97.8 invalid invalid invalid 93.9 95.4 invalid invalid invalid 98.4 96.1 96.1 96.6 94.3 invalid invalid 102.1 101.6 invalid invalid invalid 102.5 invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid invalid SELn #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 110.7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 113.8 102.9 105.2 #VALUE! 101.5 #VALUE! 104.3 106.8 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 100.0 107.9 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 109.6 107.2 103.9 105.6 103.3 #VALUE! #VALUE! 111.6 110.7 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 114.3 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! L'pA,1s #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 98.4 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 97.2 92.9 93.2 #VALUE! 90.7 #VALUE! 94.8 96.0 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 90.0 93.6 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 94.4 91.7 94.3 93.1 93.8 #VALUE! #VALUE! 96.9 97.6 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 103.5 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Tool F F F F F F F F F F F F F F C C D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E B B B B B B B B B G G G G G G G G op#5 op#4 op#1 op#4 op#5 op#1 op#5 op#4 op#1 op#5 op#4 op#1 op#5 op#2 op#1 op#3 op#1 92.6 92.4 93.2 90.5 87.2 89.9 88.6 89.4 86.1 89.7 89.7 91.0 86.5 93.0 88.6 88.9 94.2 L'pA,1s - not corrected for distance Lab position 5 is the nearest equivalent to the site measurement. We know the values at pos 5. Lab position 0 is the workstation and the nearest equivalent to the operators ear. - Of the 5 operations in the lab measurement, calculate the average level at pos 0 and the average level at pos 5. - Subtract pos 5 from pos 0. - Add the resultant value to the 2m LAeq,T (corrected for bkg with the 2m bkg measurement). Measurements at this site were made at a distance of 2m from the tool/operator due to H&S restrictions at the site. It is possible to correct for the distance by using the laboratory measurements, microphone locations and results to calculate a correction factor. The background noise levels at this site were high relative to the noise level from the tool. The values obtained were corrected for background noise. Of 50 measurements made, 17 could be corrected for background noise. The remaining 33 measurements were discarded. Events showing ‘#NUM!’, ‘Invalid’ and ‘#VALUE’ are those measurements that could not be corrected for background noise. 44 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 L'Aeq, T 92.9 94.2 93.5 92.7 96.3 95.1 92.2 92.2 93.0 94.3 89.6 88.6 92.1 95.7 91.3 89.4 97.4 87.3 93.0 88.9 90.4 86.8 95.7 93.2 90.6 88.6 89.8 89.8 93.7 85.2 85.9 88.2 89.1 88.2 88.6 86.9 91.0 bkg 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7 T 13 12 6 30 19 11 16 12 37 22 15 15 18 11 23 10 9 36 27 9 17 14 17 22 38 11 62 26 11 19 36 43 43 25 17 32 19 No corrections required, anywhere, at all! event Site 2 n 6 7 7 26 16 15 12 6 19 12 8 8 7 7 20 19 18 85 80 20 60 19 45 50 100 17 150 50 40 23 55 65 80 50 50 45 40 K 3A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ΔL 16.4 17.7 17 16.2 19.8 18.6 15.7 15.7 16.5 17.8 13.1 12.1 15.6 19.2 14.8 12.9 20.9 10.8 16.5 12.4 13.9 10.3 19.2 16.7 14.1 12.1 13.3 13.3 17.2 22.5 23.2 25.5 26.4 25.5 25.9 24.2 28.3 bkg corr 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAeq,T 92.9 94.2 93.5 92.7 96.3 95.1 92.2 92.2 93.0 94.3 89.6 88.6 92.1 95.7 91.3 89.4 97.4 87.3 93.0 88.9 90.4 86.8 95.7 93.2 90.6 88.6 89.8 89.8 93.7 85.2 85.9 88.2 89.1 88.2 88.6 86.9 91.0 SELn 104.0 105.0 101.3 107.5 109.1 105.5 104.2 103.0 108.7 107.7 101.4 100.4 104.7 106.1 104.9 99.4 106.9 102.9 107.3 98.4 102.7 98.3 108.0 106.6 106.4 99.0 107.7 103.9 104.1 98.0 101.5 104.5 105.4 102.2 100.9 102.0 103.8 L'pA,1s 96.3 96.5 92.8 93.3 97.0 93.8 93.4 95.2 95.9 96.9 92.3 91.3 96.2 97.7 91.9 86.6 94.4 83.6 88.3 85.4 84.9 85.5 91.5 89.6 86.4 86.7 86.0 87.0 88.1 84.4 84.1 86.4 86.4 85.2 83.9 85.4 87.8 Tool G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H K K K K @ OPERATOR'S EAR frame construction frame construction frame construction frame construction frame construction frame construction op#2 frame construction frame construction frame construction frame construction op#3 frame construction frame construction frame construction frame construction frame construction op#1 frame construction op#1 frame construction op#1 frame construction op#1 frame construction op#2 frame construction op#2 frame construction op#2 frame construction op#2 frame construction op#2 frame construction op#2 frame construction op#3 frame construction op#3 frame construction op#3 frame construction op#3 frame construction op#2 upholstering op#2 upholstering op#2 upholstering op#2 upholstering op#2 upholstering op#2 upholstering op#2 upholstering op#2 upholstering op#1 45 event 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 L'Aeq, T 98.0 98.8 102.0 100.3 101.1 103.5 81.7 83.4 83.3 85.2 85.3 85.4 82.7 83.8 84.2 84.3 85.7 84.1 91.5 94.1 95.7 95.9 bkg 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 62.1 T 37 27 15 12 14 15 32 40 21 14 17 16 26 24 28 27 18 23 19 30 19 23 n 13 11 13 10 11 11 12 25 15 12 15 16 13 15 20 20 20 19 4 9 9 9 K3A calculated to account for small size of test room. Workings out in lab note book #2 for JS2004986. Site 3 K 3A 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 35.9 36.7 39.9 38.2 39 41.4 19.6 21.3 21.2 23.1 23.2 23.3 20.6 21.7 22.1 22.2 23.6 22 29.4 32 33.6 33.8 ΔL bkg corr 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAeq,T 97.8 98.6 101.8 100.1 100.9 103.3 81.5 83.2 83.1 85.0 85.1 85.2 82.5 83.6 84.0 84.1 85.5 83.9 91.3 93.9 95.5 95.7 SELn 113.4 112.9 113.5 110.8 112.3 115.0 96.5 99.2 96.3 96.4 97.4 97.2 96.6 97.4 98.4 98.4 98.0 97.5 104.1 108.7 108.3 109.3 L'pA,1s 102.3 102.4 102.4 100.8 101.9 104.6 85.7 85.2 84.5 85.6 85.6 85.2 85.5 85.6 85.4 85.4 85.0 84.7 98.1 99.1 98.8 99.8 Tool J J J J J J I I I I I I I I I I I I A A A A op#2 op#3 op#1 op#2 op#3 op#1 op#3 op#2 op#1 op#3 op#2 op#1 Not corrected for size of room L'pA,1s @ OPERATOR'S EAR 102.5 Bench - corr fastener across straight line joint 102.7 Mat 102.6 Bench 101.1 Mat 102.1 Bench 104.8 Mat 86.0 moulding to pine 85.4 MDF to pine 84.8 softwood strips to pine 85.9 moulding to pine 85.8 MDF to pine 85.4 softwood strips to pine 85.7 moulding to pine 85.8 MDF to pine 85.7 softwood strips to pine 85.6 ply to pine 85.2 ply to pine 84.9 ply to pine 98.3 pallet 99.3 pallet 98.9 pallet 100.0 pallet 46 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 L'Aeq, T 99.5 100.5 100.3 102.2 100.6 101.5 98.3 94.1 94.6 96.4 95.7 95.4 95.6 93.6 96.9 101.7 99.0 97.6 bkg 81.9 81.9 81.9 81.9 81.9 81.9 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 84.2 78.6 78.6 T 16 13 11 12 12 13 9 35 24 28 33 24 27 30 19 27 24 27 n 12 30 30 30 30 30 18 33 33 33 36 30 33 33 14 30 33 33 wall 3 3 3 3 3 3 17.6 18.6 18.4 20.3 18.7 19.6 14.1 9.9 10.4 12.2 11.5 11.2 11.4 9.4 12.7 17.5 20.4 19 ΔL bkg corr 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 LAeq,T 96.5 97.5 97.3 99.2 97.6 98.5 98.3 93.6 94.6 96.4 95.7 95.4 95.6 93.1 96.9 101.7 99.0 97.6 Events 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 & 7 have been corrected for the second reflecting plane. Correction applied = -3dB. event Site 4 SELn 108.5 108.6 107.7 110.0 108.4 109.6 107.8 109.1 108.4 110.9 110.9 109.2 109.9 107.8 109.7 116.0 112.8 111.9 L'pA,1s 97.7 93.9 92.9 95.2 93.6 94.9 95.3 93.9 93.2 95.7 95.3 94.4 94.7 92.7 98.2 101.2 97.6 96.7 Tool D D D E E E E E E E E D D D C C F F Not corrected for reflecting plane L'pA,1s @ OPERATOR'S EAR op#1 100.7 clenching; workstation flush against wall: reflected sound. 96.9 clenching; workstation flush against wall: reflected sound. 95.9 clenching; workstation flush against wall: reflected sound. 98.2 clenching; workstation flush against wall: reflected sound. 96.6 clenching; workstation flush against wall: reflected sound. 97.9 clenching; workstation flush against wall: reflected sound. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. pallet making; work in pairs so influence from 2nd tool. 12 REFERENCES [1] Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 1643 [2] EU Physical Agents (Noise) Directive (2003/10/EC) [3] The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 (as amended) Statutory Instrument 1992 No. 3073 [4] BS EN 792-13:2000 Hand-held non-electric power tools. Safety requirements. Fastener driving tools. [5] BS EN 12549:1999 Acoustics. Noise test code for fastener driving tools. Engineering method. [6] BS EN ISO 3744:1995 Acoustics. Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure. Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane. [7] BS EN ISO 11201:1996 Acoustics. Noise emitted by machinery and equipment. Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions. Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane. [8] BS EN ISO 4871:1997 Acoustics. Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment [9] DIN 45 635 Teil 66 Mai 1992 Geräuschmessung an Maschinen. Luftschallemission, Hüllflächen-Verfahren Tragbare Eintreibgeräte (Measurement of airborne noise emitted by machines; enveloping surface method; fastener driving tools) [10] BS EN 50144-2-16:2003 Safety of hand-held electric motor operated tools. Particular requirements for tackers. [11] BS EN ISO 11202:1996 Acoustics. Noise emitted by machinery and equipment. Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions. Survey method in situ. [12] NV/06/24 Correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use: Fastener driving tools 47 Published by the Health and Safety Executive 04/08 Health and Safety Executive Noise emission from fastener driving tools The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 as amended place duties on machine manufacturers and suppliers to design and construct machinery in such a way that noise emissions are reduced to the lowest level taking account of technical progress and the availability of techniques for reducing noise, particularly at source. There is also a requirement that manufacturers and suppliers provide information on the airborne noise emissions of their products. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, which came into force in April 2006 implementing the EU Physical Agents (Noise) Directive (2003/10/EC), state that employers may use manufacturers’ tool data to assess the risk to their employees from exposure to noise. The aims of the work reported here were to: n Measure the noise emission of the tools supplied by the manufacturers and compare to the manufacturers’ declared emission, if stated. n Determine whether tools with a declared noise emission have been tested in accordance with the most appropriate test code. n Comment on the suitability of the noise test methods for the family of tools under test. n Investigate the link between the manufacturers’ declared emission and the in real use emission. This project was carried out in conjunction with HSL project JR45.086, an investigation into the correlation between vibration emission and vibration during real use on fastener driving tools as reported in RR591. This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy. RR625 www.hse.gov.uk