Safety Standards For Fan Motors

Transcript

ORIENTAL MOTOR Safety Standards for Fan Motors Hiroshi SAJI With upgraded performance and density of HVAC (separate Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) systems, demands for fan motors are increasing throughout the world. To meet such demands, Oriental Motor has a number of products which have safety recognition. Described here are the standards of Canada, Europe, Japan and the U.S.A.. And I also talk about the points to look at when using Fan Motors. 1. Introduction Recent equipment have a tendency to generate greater heat and HVAC (separate Heating, Ventilating, and airconditioning) systems for them have been rapidly improved to have higher performance and package density. At the same time, the HVAC systems have been designed to be more international. This is not exceptional to fan motors, either. Fan motors have been requested to be certified by EN/IEC standards and the CE Mark in addition to the conventional UL and CSA standards. Positively in response to such requests, Oriental Motor has also commercialized products approved for overseas safety standards and voltage specifications. These approved products have the merits below. - Simplified safety evaluation of each component - Reduction in application cost - Reduction in application time - Simplified application forms - Management-free after certification 2. Fan Motor Safety Standards Below will be explained representative safety standards by which fan motors are certified: UL Standards (the United States of America), CSA Standards (Canada), EN Standards (the European Union), and Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law (Japan). 2.1 UL Standards UL Standards include the following standards for fan motors: - UL507 Electric Fans This provides standards concerning general constructions of fan motors of 600 V or lower, excluding protection of fan motors against overheating (see UL2111) and evaluation of insulation systems of Class E or higher (see UL1446). - UL1917 Solid-state Fan Speed Controls This provides standards for control circuits for variable-speed fans of single-phase 300 V or lower. 1 RENGA No.160 - UL2111 Overheating Protection for Motors This provides standards for protection of motors against overheating. - UL1446 Systems of Insulating Materials-General This provides standards for insulation systems. Oriental Motor products are UL-recognized and have the “UL Recognized Component” mark on them. 2.2 CSA Standard CSA standards include the following standards for fan motors: - C22.2 No.113 Fans and Ventilators This provides standards for general requirements for fans. Oriental Motor products are CSA-certified and have the CSA mark on them or UL-recognized and have a c-UL mark (Component mark) on them. 2.3 EN Standards EN standard include no standard for fan motors. Therefore, the EN standards below are applied to fan motors. - EN60950 Safety of information technology equipment, including electrical business equipment This provides standards for generals of information technology equipment and business equipment. Oriental Motor products are certified by TÜV Rheinland, VDE, or DEMKO by mainly performing a 48-hour humidity test on fan motors or testing motors under a test condition specified by Annex.B and have its mark on them. 2.4 Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law The Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law includes the following technical standards for fan motors. - Ministry Ordinance Appendix 8-1 and 2 (41) that establish technical standards of the Electrical Appliance This law is provided to prevent the occurrence of dangers and troubles resulting from defective electrical appliances used in general homes and offices. This law is written for fans, ventilators, circulators and blowers. Oriental Motor’s fan motors that are designed and sold as components of ORIENTAL MOTOR equipment are not in the scope of this law. However, the Oriental Motor’s MU series have been certified by the Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories (JET) and have the PSE mark and the safety certification mark (S mark) on the nameplates. 3. Safety Standard Requiring Test for Fan Motors Each standard has requirements of fan motors. Table 1 lists test items required by UL, CSA, and EN standards. (See Page 5.) Further, when a running fan motor is locked by an overload, when the ambient temperature goes up abruptly, or when anything increases its input, the temperature of the fan motor quickly goes up. If this status continues for a short period, the fan motor may lose its internal insulation performance and shorten the service life. In an extreme case, the winding may be damaged and the motor may catch fire. Table 2 shows the details of a motor locking test to check the protection of the fan motor against damages by overheating. Oriental Motor’s fan motors are equipped with a thermal protector or impedance protection against overheating. 4. CE Marking To distribute equipment in the EU region, the manufacturer must attach the CE mark to the equipment to indicate that the equipment conforms to the related EC Directive. To check whether the equipment satisfies the requirements of the EC Directive, the manufacturer must examine whether the equipment conforms to the EN standards for the EC Directive (or IEC standards or the like if the EN standards are not available). Then the manufacturer must prepare a self-declaration to declare that the equipment conforms to the Directive and attaches the CE mark to it. In some cases, when the equipment is very hazardous, the conformity assessment by a national authority is required. In this case, the manufacturer prepares a self-declaration after obtaining the approval type certificate by this conformity assessment. However, the EC Directive does not require all components in the equipment be certified by standards. When the equipment includes any non-certified part, the manufacturer must test and ensure that the part is safe in its intended use. Below will explain the major EC Directives for fan motors and equipment that uses a fan motor and their handling. 4.1 Machine Directive This directive covers electrical equipment including a moving part that may injure its user. Generally, this directive is applied to final products such as machine tools and the like. Therefore, a fan motor itself need not have the CE mark. When installing Oriental Motor’s fan motor in the equipment that must conform to the Machine Directive, the manufacturer must design so that the user may not easily access the fan blades or provide an optional finger guard (see 5.2.1) for the fan motor. 4.2 Low Voltage Directive This directive covers electrical equipment designed for use with a voltage rating of between 50 and 1000 V for alternating current and between 75 and 1500 V for direct current. This directive is applicable to AC fan motors among Oriental Motor’s products. The conformity to this directive is based EN60950. This directive is not applicable to Oriental Motor’s DC fan motors because it is designed for use with a voltage rage of under 75V for direct current. 4.3 EMC Directive This directive covers electrical equipment that may give electromagnetic interferences (EMI) and receive electromagnetic interferences (EMS). The EMC directive as well as the Machine Directive is also applied to final products. With respect to electric parts, the European Commission has published “Guideline of the Application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC” which gives careful and easily understandable explanations of directive contents and procedures. This guideline says the EMC Directive is applicable to all electric parts having a direct function (which is related to electromagnetic interference and works by itself). The manufacturer who sells such electric parts is requested to offer specifications and installation conditions conforming to the EMC Directive for end users. Oriental Motor’s fan motors self-declare the CE marking by the EN standards below. Applied standards - EN61000-6-4 For Emission Tests (EN55011 Group 1, Class A) Measurement of electromagnetic interference - EN61000-6-2 For Immunity Tests Radioactive electromagnetic field immunity test Conductive electromagnetic field immunity test Static discharge test As an example, Figure 1 shows the result of measurement of electromagnetic interference of the MDS series MDS1225-24. Further, Article 5.4 of the guideline states that “An induction motor can be considered as excluded from the EMC Directive as it does function satisfactorily by the inherent nature of its physical characteristics without additional measures when used as instructed by the manufacturer in the intended electromagnetic environment.” Therefore, AC fan motors directly connected to a commercial power source need not have any measure for the EMC. RENGA No.160 2 ORIENTAL MOTOR Figure 1 Measurement of MDS1225-24 Electromagnetic Interference 5. Products Certified by and Conforming to Safety Standard and Tips to Use Them Pollution Degree 2 and Overvoltage Category III. Oriental Motor products are loosely classified into two categories: Safety standard certified products that were designed upon the requirements of the above safety standards and certified by the third-party intervention and safety standard conforming products that were designed in conformance to the safety standards. 5.1.3 Plug cord set 5.1 Safety Standard Certified Products The products and optional parts below are certified by a mandatory third-party intervention. 5.1.1 AC fan motor The AC fan motor is built in equipment connected to the AC power supply. It conforms to Class I equipment against electric shock. Therefore, as the motor has only the basic insulation, the equipment including the AC fan motor must have protective grounding (PE) and a means to keep the user’s hands off the fan. The fan installation condition is Pollution Degree 2 and Overvoltage Category II. Oriental Motor produces propeller, Sirocco, and cross-flow fan types on a commercial basis. 5.1.2 DC fan motor (Propeller fan type ) The DC fan motor is built in equipment connected to the DC power supply. It conforms to Class III equipment against electric shock. Therefore, the DC fan motor is connected to the insulation-enhanced SELV circuit (Safety Extra Low Voltage Circuit) for use. The fan installation condition is 3 RENGA No.160 This is a plug type power cable for the MU series having a plug whose blades are inserted into the power supply. The plug cord set is certified by Electrical Appliance Type Certification, UL Certification, and CSA Certification. (The plug cord set is UL-certified only under condition that the plug cord set is used for the MU series (as an unlisted component). ) This plug cord set need not satisfy the requirements of the EN Standards as it is an internal wiring material used by Oriental Motor’s fan motors. The Standards below are applied to the plug cord. - Ministry Ordinance Appendix 4 that provides technical standards of the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law - UL498 Electrical Attachment Plugs and Receptacles - UL817 Cord Sets and Power Supply Cords - C22.2 No.21-M90 Cord Sets and Power Supply Cords - C22.2 NO182.3-M1987 Special Use Attachment Plugs, Receptacles, and Connectors 5.2 Safety Standard Conforming Product The products and optional parts below are designed to satisfy the structural requirements concerning protection of human bodies against damages by touching moving parts that are provided by safety standards of final equipment. 5.2.1 Finger guard The finger guard prevents user fingers and foreign objects ORIENTAL MOTOR from touching the running blades of a fan motor. The finger guard mounted on an Oriental Motor fan motor is designed to conform to tests provided by the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law, UL Standards, and CSA Standards as listed below. - Ministry Ordinance Appendix 8-1(2) that provides technical standards of the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law - UL507 Electric Fans - C22.2 No.113 Fans and Ventilators With respect to the EN standards, the finger guard mounted on an Oriental Motor fan motor complies with EN60529 class IP2X (Allowing no solid objects of 12 mm or bigger in diameter to pass through). 5.2.2 Filter A filter unit comprises a filtering medium, a guard and a retainer. The filtering medium removes dust and small particles from air and keeps the inside of the apparatus clean. The guard prevents user fingers and foreign objects from touching the moving part. These components are ULcertified. 5.2.4 Cooling module There are two types of cooling modules: a fan filter type comprising a fan motor and a filter and a filter panel type with a filter. The fan filter type cooling module blocks invasion of user fingers and foreign objects into the module and the moving part by a cover, media and a finger guard. The filter panel type blocks them by a cover and a filtering medium. Both cooling module types use certified MU-series fan motors. Therefore they must have a protective grounding (PE) and a means to keep the user’s hands off the fan. 6. Conclusion I described the safety standards for fan motors and optional parts. Table 3 lists Oriental Motor’s products certified by the safety standards and Table 4 lists Oriental Motor’s products conforming to the safety standards. Oriental Motor will make our certified products complete to offer safer products and support users by simplifying safety evaluation of each part and reducing the certifying cost. 5.2.3 Screen This aluminum mesh screen allows air to pass through but blocks electromagnetic waves. It also prevents user fingers and foreign objects from touching the moving fan blades. Writer Hiroshi SAJI Techno-Research Company RENGA No.160 (Japanese Original Edition): Published in September 2000 Copyright © 2004 ORIENTAL MOTOR CO., LTD. RENGA No.160 4 ORIENTAL MOTOR Table 1 Test Items Required For Fan Motors Test item Related standard AC input type DC input type Single-phase Three-phase Spacings UL507 24 Spacings for Bare Live Parts C22.2 No.113 4.15 Structural check   -       Note - -          Clearances, Creepage distance and EN60950 2.9 distances through insulation Product specification check Temperature test Input Test UL507 35 and 152.2 Rating C22.2 No.113 6.2 and 6.3 Power Interface EN60950 1.6 Temperature Test UL507 36 and 152.3 Temperature Test C22.2 No.113 6.4 Heating EN60950 5.1 Temperature Test UL1917 21 Humidity Conditioning Test UL507 41 Insulation EN60950 2.2 Permanence of Marking Test EN60950 1.7.15 Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test UL507 37 and 152.4 Dielectric Strength C22.2 No.113 6.5 Electric Strength EN60950 5.3 Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test UL1917 25 Note - - DC Offset Voltage Test UL1917 22 Note - - Earthing Test EN60950 2.5.11   - Earth Leakage Current EN60950 5.2   - Locked Rotor Test UL507 40 or UL2111 7 and 14 Locked Rotor Endurance Test UL507 40 or UL2111 9 and 16 Locked Rotor Temperature C22.2 No.77 5.4   - Locked Rotor Endurance Test C22.2 No.77 5.6 Locked-Rotor Overload Test EN60950 Annex B.5 Abnormal Operating Locked Rotor Test UL507 152.5 Locked Rotor Test C22.2 No.113 T.I.L. G-37B 4.4 - -  Locked Rotor Overload Test for EN60950 Annex B.7 Environmental test Permanence of marking test Protection-againstelectric shock Malfunction test Evaluation of insulation classes DC Motors in secondary circuit Reliability of Electronic Protection Circuit C22.2 No.113 T.I.L. G-37B 4.5 - -  Test for Motors with Capacitors EN60950 Annex B.8  - - Test for Three-Phase Motors EN60950 Annex B.9 -  - Overload Test UL1917 23 Note - - Endurance Test UL1917 24 Note - - Short Circuit Test UL1917 26 Note - - Breakdown of Capacitor Test UL1917 27 Note - - System of Insulating Materials-General UL1446 Note: UL1917 is applied to variable-speed fan motors of single-phase 300 V or less only. Applied Standards (at February 2004) · UL507 9th/UL2111 1st/UL1917 3rd · C22.2 No.113: 1994/ C22.2 No.77: 1995 · EN60950: 2000 5 RENGA No.160 Applied to insulation systems of UL1446 E and higher ORIENTAL MOTOR Table 2 Details of Malfunction Test Method Test name Locked Rotor Test (UL) Locked Rotor Temprature (CSA) Locked Rotor Overload Test (EN) Applied UL507 40 UL2111 7 and 14 standard C22.2 No.77 5.4 and 5.6 EN60950 Annex B.5 1. Lock the rotor. 1. Lock the rotor. 2. When the motor is impedance-protected 2. Use the maximum rated voltage as the test voltage. Test the motor with an external capacitor of a normal 3. Test the motor of a normal connection regardless of connection or shortcircuit connection whichever Outline of test whether the motor is impedance-protected or with a generates more heat. thermal protector. This test can be omitted when the temperature of the 4. Test duration winding under test is under 100 degrees C. Impedance protected: 15 days 3. When the motor is thermal-protected, test the motor with a normal connection. 4. The test duration is 72 hours. (This is followed by the Record temperatures for 72 hours from the beginning of Endurance Test.) Apparatus used Test method with a thermal protector: 18 days 5. Temperature recording the test. Digital power meter, Thermograph, Stop watch, Digital multimeter, and Stabilized power supply 1. Determine the test condition. Lock the rotor, apply a nominal test voltage to the fan motor, measure the input to the motor with the capcitor short- or normal-connected by the multimeter, and test the motor of a capacitor connection which requires a higher input. 2. Ground the motor via a 3A-fuse. 3. Apply the nominal test voltage to the fan motor and keep on the test for 72 hours. - Record the current and input just after starting the test. - Record the current and input after the temperature becomes steady. 1. Connect the fan motor normally. 2. Ground the fan motor via a 3A-fuse. 3. Apply the nominal test voltage to the fan motor and keep on the test for 72 hours. - Record the current and input just after starting the test. - Record the current and input just before the thermal protector opens. 1. Connect the fan motor normally. 2. Lock the rotor, apply a maximum rated voltage to the fan motor, and keep on the testing for 72 hours. - Record the current and input just after starting the test. - Record the current and input just before the thermal protector opens. * After keeping this rotor-lock test for 72 hours (3 days), perform a withstand voltage test and then keep on the remaining rotor-lock test. - The rotor winding temperature must not exceed the preset permissible temperature. Judgment condition Class A Class E Class B I.P. Max 150C 165C 175C T.P. 0-1h Max 200C 215C 225C 1 hour or later Max 175C 190C 200C 2 hours and 72 hours Max 150C 165C 175C - The 3A-fuse connected to the grounding must not be blown out. (UL/CSA Standard) - The fan motor must not smoke or catch fire for a long time. - The related parts such as the capacitor and the starting relay must not malfunction. RENGA No.160 6 ORIENTAL MOTOR Table 3 List of Certified Products Type Series Voltage [V] Runner diameter [mm] □200 □180 □160 □140 □119 □104 □92 50/60Hz MRS MR MRS variable speed Propeller fan MU Type Cross-flow fan MB Series MF Type UL CSA EN CE marking JET LVD EMC   - - - - - - - -    -  -    - - - - - - - -    -  - Single-phase230V    - - - - - - - -    -  - Three-phase200/200, 230V     - - - - - - -    -  - Single-phase100/100, 110, 115V -  - - - - - - - - -    -  - Single-phase200, 230/200, 220, 230V -  - - - - - - - - -    -  - Three-phase200/200, 220, 230V -  - - - - - - - - -    -  - Single-phase100/100, 115V -  - - - - - - - - -    -  - Single-phase200/200, 230V -  - - - - - - - - -    -  - Single-phase100V - - -      - - -      - Single-phase115V - - - -  -   - - -      - Single-phase200V - - -      - - -      - Single-phase220, 230/230V - - -      - - -      -     DC5V - - - - - - - - -  - -  DC12V - - - -  - - - -      - -  DC24V - 170 - -  - - - -      - -  DC12V - - - -  - - - - - -    - -  DC24V - - - -  - - - - - -    - -  DC12V - - - -  -    - -    - -  DC24V - - - -  -    - -    - -  Voltage [V] Runner diameter [mm] 50/60Hz 160 120 100 Standard certification 80 60 50 UL CSA EN CE marking JET LVD EMC Single-phase100/100, 110, 115V          -  - Single-phase200, 230/200, 220, 230V          -  - Three-phase200/200, 230V   -  - -    -  - Voltage [V] Runner diameter [mm] Standard certification 50/60Hz 300 150 UL CSA EN Single-phase100/100, 110, 115V      Single-phase200, 230/200, 220, 230V      Series Option □42  MD Sirocco fan □52 Single-phase200/200, 230V MRS variable speed Series □62 Single-phase100/100, 115V MDS Type Standard certification □80 Fan motor applicable Plug cord -  - -  - Standard certification MRS MR MU MDS MD MB MF FM UL - -  - - - -   CSA EN  - CE marking JET LVD EMC CE marking JET LVD EMC  - - Table 4 List of Conforming Products Type Cooling module Series FM Voltage [V] Number of fanmotors Standard certification for motors 50/60Hz 3 2 1 UL CSA EN DENAN Single-phase100V        Single-phase115V        Single-phase200V        Single-phase220, 230/230V        * The mounted fan motors are certified by the CE marking (LVD). Type Series for Sirocco fan for cross-fan Standard certification for propeller fan □200 □180 □160 □140 □119 □104 □92 □80 □62 □52 □42 120 100 80 L300 L150 UL CSA EN DENAN Option 7 RENGA No.160 Finger guard                     Filter -   -  - Screen - - - -  -    - -    - -       - - - - - - - -