Self-consumption Solutions

Transcript

TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Self-consumption solutions Energy efficiency technology Self-consumption solutions The drop in the cost of solar photovoltaic installations, coupled with the increased cost of electrical energy borne by end consumers in recent years, has accelerated the arrival of the so-called grid parity in many regions throughout the world. CIRCUTOR, by establishing synergies between knowledge of the measurement, management and A solution adapted to each need Each consumer has a different demand curve, as well as specific situation in terms of access to the grid. To this end, CIRCUTOR has designed different solutions that adapt to each situation, offering optimum management of solar resources, optimising efficiency, simplifying management processes and achieving the highest possible cost savings. The solutions offered fall into two categories, based on the time relationship established between solar production and the consumption of electricity in each case: yyInstantaneous or direct selfconsumption, without storage yyTime-delayed self-consumption with storage yyInstallations isolated from the grid yyInstallations with DC coupling to the grid yyInstallations with AC coupling to the grid improvement of the quality of electrical energy and exploiting the renewable resources that produce it, has designed solutions that integrate energy distributed in the electrical grid with instantaneous and time-delayed self-consumption applications for industrial applications, service facilities and even residential buildings Instantaneous self-consumption with control over the energy injected into the grid Ideal for buildings with significant daytime electricity consumption. CDP (Dynamic Power Control) controllers adjust the maximum production power of photovoltaic inverters to that being consumed in the building at all times. Therefore, we can guarantee that, for example, surplus energy is not injected into the grid or that the power fraction allowed by the specific laws of each country is injected into the grid. In many countries, this type of installation allows the use of the photovoltaic system as an inherent element of the building's internal electrical network, becoming an energy saving element and not an energy generation system that requires the capacity to discharge energy into the grid to which it is connected. Time-delayed self-consumption with energy storage It is necessary in buildings where the main consumption of electricity is during night-time or low solar radiation hours. Installations isolated from the electrical network It can supply energy to places that do not have good access to the electrical distribution lines, catering for the energy needs of different consumption types (residential, agriculture, tourism, etc.) The solutions isolated from the grid offer high quality electric supply for any common use of energy, such as lighting, household appliances, power units, etc., both in single and three-phase applications. Hybrid solar-diesel generation can improve the performance of the installation and minimise the use of the support generating set, depending on the consumption features and intelligent management of storage and demand. Installations with DC coupling to the grid Buildings connected to the grid can improve their degree of solar self-supply by installing a battery between the building and grid that stores surplus energy during periods of high insolation for its future consumption. In these systems, controlling the battery charge plays a crucial role, since it manages the flows of energy between all elements in an installation. Therefore, the system can self-consume energy directly during the day, storing daytime surplus energy in the battery and, finally, reduce the consumption of grid energy during periods of low insolation by discharging the battery. Instantaneous self-consumption with control over the energy injected into the grid Installations with AC coupling to the grid Buildings connected to the grid that already have a photovoltaic generation system installed can transfer part of the solar energy production for its consumption during periods of low insolation. In these systems, controlling the battery charge can reduce or even eliminate surplus daytime energy transferred to the grid and reduce the power peaks required by the grid by injecting the power stored in the storage system. Instantaneous self-consumption with control over the energy injected into the grid INSTANTANEOUS SELF-CONSUMPTION Instantaneous self-consumption with zero injection Kits for installations connected to the grid CDP-0 CVM MINI MC3 RS-485 Inverter Reverse current relay MC3 CVM MINI Description CIRCUTOR's photovoltaic kits for grid connection systems contain all the elements necessary for the instantaneous self-consumption of solar energy when it is generated, ensuring at all times that the surplueses are not injected into the grid. These kits are supplied with the following: yyPhotovoltaic modules yyAnodised aluminium structure and ties yyPower Inverter for grid connection yyCDP - Dynamic power control yyProtection against DC and AC overvoltages Benefits of using the kits yyEasy to process the order through a single code and supplier yyCompatibility with all components is guaranteed yyRemote monitoring (via web server embedded in CDP) and historical data storage. yyMeasurement of the installation's flows of energy yyTop quality components yyCompatibility with pre-configured cabinets (Combiner Box) that facilitate assembly. yyPossibility of dimensioning the versions with the kit references for other power levels and configurations (subject to order) yyOptional adaptation of the references listed to different grid typologies (international configuration, UL certification) with different frequency and voltage levels (subject to order). INSTANTANEOUS SELF-CONSUMPTION Instantaneous self-consumption with zero injection Kits for installations connected to the grid Compatible with Combiner Box Code Type*** Consumer Profile** PV power* Grid coupling E5K011 CDP-1.1 Home - Basic Power Daytime stand-by power 1.5 kW 1,200 Wp 230 V single-phase * CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-30 ; CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-300 E5K012 CDP-1.2 Home - Basic Power Daytime stand-by power 1.5 kW 1,680 Wp 230 V single-phase * CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-30 ; CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-300 E5K021 CDP-2.1 Home - Basic Power Daytime stand-by power 2.5 kW 2,640 Wp 230 V single-phase * CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-30 ; CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-300 E5K022 CDP-2.2 Home - Basic Power Daytime stand-by power 2.5 kW 2,880 Wp 230 V single-phase * CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-30 ; CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-300 E5K031 CDP-3.1 Home - High Power Small-Scale Tertiary Sector Daytime stand-by power 5 kW 4,800 Wp 230 V single-phase * CDP CB S-2-1-1-16-30; CDP CB S-2-1-1-16-300 E5K032 CDP-3.2 Home - High Power Small-Scale Tertiary Sector Daytime stand-by power 5 kW 5,280 Wp 230 V single-phase * CDP CB S-2-1-1-16-30; CDP CB S-2-1-1-16-300 E5K131 CDP-3.1-3F Home - High Power Small-Scale Tertiary Sector Daytime stand-by power 5 kW 4,800 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K132 CDP-3.2-3F Home - High Power Small-Scale Tertiary Sector Daytime stand-by power 5 kW 5,280 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K033 CDP-3.3 Home - High Power Small-Scale Tertiary Sector Daytime stand-by power 6 kW 6,240 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K034 CDP-3.4 Home - High Power Small-Scale Tertiary Sector Daytime stand-by power 6 kW 6,720 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K035 CDP-3.5 Tertiary Sector Small-Scale industry Daytime stand-by power 8 kW 7,920 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K036 CDP-3.6 Tertiary Sector Small-Scale industry Daytime stand-by power 8 kW 8,640 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K041 CDP-4.1 Tertiary Sector Small-Scale industry Daytime stand-by power 10 kW 10,080 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K042 CDP-4.2 Tertiary Sector Small-Scale industry Daytime stand-by power 10 kW 10,560 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-1-1-1-25-300 E5K051 CDP-5.1 Tertiary Sector Small-Scale industry Daytime stand-by power 15 kW 14,400 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-3-3-3-25-300 E5K052 CDP-5.2 Tertiary Sector Small-Scale industry Daytime stand-by power 15 kW 15,840 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-3-3-3-25-300 E5K061 CDP-6.1 Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector Daytime stand-by power 20 kW 20,160 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-2-2-2-25-300 E5K062 CDP-6.2 Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector Daytime stand-by power 20 kW 21,120 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-2-2-2-25-300 E5K071 CDP-7.1 Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector Daytime stand-by power 24 kW 24,960 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-2-2-2-25-300 E5K072 CDP-7.2 Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector Daytime stand-by power 24 kW 26,880 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-2-2-2-25-300 EK5081 CDP-8.1 Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector Daytime stand-by power 30 kW 30,240 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-3-3-3-25-300 E5K082 CDP-8.2 Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector Daytime stand-by power 30 kW 31,680 Wp 400 V three-phase * CDP CB T-3-3-3-25-300 * The units that make up the kits are sized according to the following conditions: Available radiation of 4.75 kWh/m² (centre of the Iberian peninsula). Solar generator with optimum orientation (0° south) and tilt (35°). ** The performance of the units and expected annual energy production is subject to adapting each kit to the established consumer profile. *** The listing and description of the individual devices that make up the photovoltaic kits, their features and manufacturer will only be indicated upon confirming their order. INSTANTANEOUS OR TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Instantaneous or time-delayed self-consumption with zero injection Kits for solar canopies CDP-0 Electric Vehicle Recharge CVM MINI MC3 RS-485 Inverter Reverse current relay MC3 CVM MINI Screenshot: real application of a solar canopy. + information in real time https://efm-pvcar.circutorenergy.com Description Benefits of using the kits Solar canopies are built with a solid machined, welded and galvanised steel structure that can integrate the photovoltaic generation field by optimising the use of the terrain, guaranteeing the safety of the installation and achieving an appealing design. • Generation of solar energy in places where there is no roof or free surface to install solar modules • Mitigation of peak consumption effects in vehicle charging systems • Remote monitoring (via web server embedded in CDP) and historical data storage • Measurement of the installation's energy flows and optional integration with the building's energy management systems with the Power Studio Scada application • Top quality components • Easy to install • Modular solution, easy to adapt to available parking spaces. The energy supplied by the solar photovoltaic generator installed on the canopy can be combined for different energy uses: • Instantaneous self-consumption connected to the network inside the building. • Self-consumption isolated from the grid with the power supply provided by a battery charging system. • Power supply for any of the electric vehicle charging systems with the use of one of CIRCUTOR's smart charging stations. Kits for solar canopies Code Type Type of Solar Installation Dimensions Spaces PV power Coupling E6K140 EFM-MARQ-M-4P Instantaneous selfconsumption 4x5m 4 for motorcycles 1,920 Wp 230 V - Single-phase E6K220 EFM-MARQ-C-2P Instantaneous selfconsumption 5x5m 2 3,600 Wp 230 V - Single-phase E6K230 EFM-MARQ-C-3P Instantaneous selfconsumption 7.5 x 5 m 3 5,040 Wp 400 V - Three-phase E6K240 EFM-MARQ-C-4P Instantaneous selfconsumption 10 x 5 m 4 7,200 Wp 400 V - Three-phase E6K260 EFM-MARQ-C-6P Instantaneous selfconsumption 15 x 5 m 6 10,800 Wp 400 V - Three-phase INSTANTANEOUS OR TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Electric Vehicle charging with Wallbox TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Time-delayed self-consumption isolated from the grid Kits for autonomous installations Demand management Inverter Main Controller RS-485 Load regulator DC/DC TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Time-delayed self-consumption isolated from the grid Kits for autonomous installations Description CIRCUTOR's photovoltaic kits for grid-isolated systems contain a set of devices necessary for the autonomous self-consumption of energy, in systems isolated from distribution lines. The kit contains the following devices: yyPhotovoltaic modules yyAnodised aluminium structure and ties yyMPPT load regulator (depending on the reference chosen) yyInverter or dual Inverter-Loader (depending on the reference chosen) yyMaintenance-free gel lead-acid battery bank yyBattery temperature sensor yyBII Dispenser - available daily energy dispenser yyAC and DC overvoltage protection Benefits of using the kits yyThe photovoltaic kits and their components are included in a single order reference, generating savings in procurement logistics. yyMinimum maintenance of the solar installation, reliability and ease of assembly. yyPossibility of remote web monitoring and historical data storage (subject to order). yyPossibility of dimensioning the kit references for threephase configuration (subject to order). Kits for installations isolated from the grid with single-phase consumption Code Type*** Degree of electrification User profile Expected daily consumption** AC Inverter Power PV power* Battery* 500 Wh/day 400 W 130 Wp 12 V 200 Ah E4K001 EFM-IS-01 Basic Dwelling Occup. Weekend E4K002 EFM-IS-02 Basic Dwelling Occup. Seasonal 1,000 Wh/day 800 W 260 Wp 12 V 475 Ah E4K003 EFM-IS-03 High Dwelling Occup. Seasonal 2,000 Wh/day 2,000 W 520 Wp 24 V 475 Ah E4K004 EFM-IS-04 High Dwelling Occup. Permanent 3,500 Wh/day 3,000W 1,440 Wp 24 V 575 Ah E4K005 EFM-IS-05 Higher Dwelling Occup. Permanent Tertiary Sector 4,500 Wh/day 3,500 W 2,160 Wp 48 V 360 Ah E4K006 EFM-IS-06 Higher Dwelling Occup. Permanent Tertiary Sector 6,000 Wh/day 5,000 W 2,880 Wp 48 V 575 Ah E4K007 EFM-IS-07 Maximum Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector 9,000 Wh/day 7,000 W 4,320 Wp 48 V 850 Ah E4K008 EFM-IS-08 Maximum Tertiary Sector Industrial Sector 12,000 Wh/day 10,000 W 5,760 Wp 48 V 1130 Ah * The units that make up the kits are dimensioned according to the following conditions: Available radiation of 4.75 kWh/m² (centre of the Iberian peninsula) Units dimensioned to supply energy during months of lower solar radiation availability ** The proper functioning of the units is subject to fulfilling the stated daily consumption for each kit. *** The listing and description of the individual devices that make up the photovoltaic kits, their features and manufacturer will only be indicated upon confirming their order. TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Time-delayed self-consumption with storage. DC Coupling In general, photovoltaic systems are composed of various independent DC generation circuits, depending on the number of MPPT trackers of the inverters of the photovoltaic assembly. These circuits must be protected against overcurrents and/or overvoltages. Likewise, the connections to the AC grid for discharging each inverter must be protected against earthing faults and shortcircuits. CIRCUTOR's CDP CB combiner boxes group the necessary AC and DC connection and electrical protection elements in a single cabinet, which is pre-assembled and wired at the factory. In addition to the protection elements, the CDP CB range includes CDP grid injection control units, as well as the CVM-Mini auxiliary measurement and redundant protection units that disconnect the units from the power supply in the event of detecting reverse current in the grid. The range of CDP CB combiner boxes has been designed to complement the range of self-consumption kits with zero injection into the grid. Self-consumption WITH storage Main controller 1 Dual Inverter 3 RS-485 4 2 CVM MINI Load regulator DC/DC EFM DC = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 ISTG. Dual inverter for self consumption with storage Internal elements Applications yy Bidirectional inverter yy Control and monitoring of batteries yy Grid connection through transfer relay yy Anti-islanding control yy Internet data monitoring and logging yy Self-consumption with grid-assisted storage yy Power supply of guaranteed loads yy Control of energy cost yy Support for weak grids yy Installations isolated from the grid TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Time-delayed self-consumption with storage. AC Coupling In these systems, the supervisor modulates the invertercharger with the aim of minimising energy exchange with the grid. It charges the battery based on the surplus in daytime hours and discharges the battery based on consumption in hours of low or zero insolation. This solution is especially suitable for those buildings that already have a grid-connected photovoltaic installation for energy sales for which you wish to divert part of the production to be consumed when solar radiation decreases. Self-consumption WITH storage 1 Main controller RS-485 2 3 CVM MINI Dual inverter Inverter EFM AC = 1 + 2 + 3 Internal elements Applications yy Bidirectional inverter yy Control and monitoring of batteries yy Grid connection through transfer relay yy Anti-islanding control yy Internet data monitoring and logging yy Self-consumption with grid-assisted storage yy Power supply of guaranteed loads yy Control of energy cost yy Support for weak grids yy Installations isolated from the grid COMBINER BOX CDP CB Combiner Box for protecting and managing solar installations Description Photovoltaic systems are composed of various separate DC circuits that must be combined in a single circuit before DC is transformed into AC, in order to use this AC power and inject it into the electrical network or use it for internal consumption of a dwelling or building. The Combiner boxes are used for such purposes. These connection cabinets group the different strings connected to the photovoltaic panels. CIRCUTOR's CDP CB combiner boxes group all DC and AC electrical protection elements required, so that the user can have everything in a single cabinet. In addition to the protection elements, the products of the CDP CB range come with a CDP-0, which guarantees that the user can manage zero injection into the electrical network, as well as a CVM-MINI power analyzer for measuring the electrical consumption. The CDP CB combiner boxes feature a web server, through which the user can connect to monitor both the installation's consumption and generation of electricity. The CDP CB range of combiner boxes has been designed to complement the range of self-consumption kits with zero injection to the grid. COMBINER BOX CDP CB Combiner Box for protecting and managing solar installations About the kits 1 Fuses with removable DC fuse carrier. 2 CVM power analyzers. 3 AC Electrical protection for inverters. 4 CDP - Dynamic power control. 5 AC and DC overvoltage protection. 6 Reverse current protection relay. Combiner Box Models Type CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-30 CDP CB CDP CB S-1-1-1-16-300 S-2-1-1-25-30 CDP CB CDP CB CDP CB CDP CB CDP CB S-2-1-1-25-300 T-1-1-1-25-300 T-2-2-2-25-300 T-3-3-3-25-300 C-3-3-3-25-300 Code E53112 E53117 E53214 E53219 E53419 E53529 E53639 E53339 Compatible Kits CDP 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 CDP 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 CDP 3.1, 3.2 CDP 3.1, 3.2 CDP 3.1-3F, 3.2-3F, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2 CDP 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2 CDP 8.1, 8.2 CDP 5.1, 5.2 Inverter Type Single-phase Single-phase Single-phase Single-phase Three-phase Three-phase Three-phase Three-phase No. of DC Inputs 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 DC Input Umax 420 V 420 V 600 V 600 V 600 V 600 V 600 V 600 V DC Input Imax 1 x 10 A 1 x 10 A 2 x 20 A 2 x 20 A 1 x 40 A 2 x 40 A 3 x 40 A 3 x 40 A DC Output to inverter 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 DC Overvoltage protection 1 Protection 1 Protection 1 Protection 1 Protection 1 Protection 2 Protections 3 Protections 3 Protections Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc AC Overvoltage protection 1 Protection Imáx = 40 kA 1 Protection Imáx = 40 kA 1 Protection Imáx = 40 kA 1 Protection Imáx = 40 kA 1 Protection Imáx = 40 kA 1 Protection Imáx = 40 kA 1 Protection Imáx = 40 kA 1 Protection Imax = 40k A Inverter AC inputs 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 Umax AC 1 x 230 V 1 x 230 V 1 x 230 V 1 x 230 V 3 x 230 / 400 V 3 x 230 / 400 V 3 x 230 / 400 V 3 x 230 / 400 V Uoc máx = 1000 Vdc Imáx AC for inverter 1p 16 A 1p 16 A 1p 25 A 1p 25 A 4p 25 A 4p 25 A 4p 25 A 1p 25 A Earth leakage protection In / I∆ 40 A / 30 mA 40 A / 300 mA 40 A / 30 mA 40 A / 300 mA 40 A / 300 mA 40 A / 300 mA 40 A / 300 mA 40 A / 300 mA Power analyzer - - - - Sí Sí Sí Si Reverse current relay protection 32 A 32 A 32 A 32 A 32 A 65 A 65 A 65 A RELATED PRODUCTS Instantaneous self-consumption CDP, Dynamic Power Controller Type Code Description CDP-0 E51001 Dynamic power controller, zero injection CDP-G E52001 Dynamic power controller with demand management Requires current transformers of the MC series (.../250 mA) Time-delayed self-consumption RDB, Programmable battery charge regulator Type Code Nominal charging current from PV Maximum consumption output current RDB-10 E43001 10 A 10 A RDB-20 E44001 20 A 20 A RDB-30 E45001 30 A 30 A ISTG, Dual inverter for self consumption with storage Type Code System Power Battery Voltage Load/Download current ISTG - 04/80 E60480 Singlephase 4 kW 48 V 80 A Dispenser, single-phase meter with EDA (Energy Daily Allowance) function Type Code Description BII Dispenser E20004 Single-phase meter with EDA function, with RFID card and RS-485 communications DAM II E20000 RFID card writer DCARD E20001 RFID Card for BII Dispenser Monitoring and supervision for PV TR Series, monitoring unit for PV with 230 Vac power supply / 24 Vdc power supply RS-485 / Modbus RTU Type Code Current Outputs TR8-RS485-25 * M54600 25 A 8 1000 Vdc voltage measurement TR16-RS485-25 * M55300 25 A 16 1000 Vdc voltage measurement M/TR-25 x2 M54606 Measuring module for 2 current circuits with max 25 A dc M/TR-25 x4 M54602 Measuring module for 4 current circuits with max 25 A dc TR8-RS485-100/200 M54601 Depending on transformer M/TR-100 M54603 Measuring module for 1 current circuit with max 100 A dc M/TR-200 M54605 Measuring module for 1 current circuit with max 200 Adc *On demand, with UL Certification Description 8 1000 Vdc voltage measurement RELATED PRODUCTS Other related products CVM MINI, Three-phase power analyzer with display, DIN rail (3 modules), 86...276 Vac power supply Type Code Isolated input Digital output Protocol Protocol CVM MINI-MCITF-HAR-RS485-C2 M52081 Yes 2 Modbus / RTU RS-485 CVM NET, Three-phase power analyzer w/o display, DIN rail (3 modules), 230 Vac power supply Type Code Isolated input Digital output Communic. CVM NETMC-ITF-RS485-C2 M54B31 Yes 2 Modbus / RTU Protocol RS-485 CVM NET4 -MC, 4 Three-phase power analyzers, DIN rail (6 modules), 85...265 Vac power supply 95...300 Vdc Type Code Isolated input Digital output Communic. Protocol CVM-NET4MC-ITF-RS485-C4 M55732 Yes 4 Modbus / RTU RS-485 CVM 1D, Single-phase power analyzer with display, DIN rail (1 module), 85...276 Vac power supply Type Code Nominal current Class Power Digital Output Communic. (Protocol) CVM 1D-RS485-C M55511 250 mA...32 A 1 1 RS-485 (Modbus/RTU) Class 0.5 Power Measurement Ø int. MC1 / MC3, Efficient single-phase MC1 and three-phase MC3 transformers Type Code Amp. Max MC3-63 M73121 63 0.1 VA 3 phases 7.1 MC3-125 M73122 125 0.1 VA 3 phases 14.6 MC3-250 M73123 250 0.1 VA 3 phases 26 MC1-20-150/200/250 M73113 250 0.25 VA 1 phase 20 MC1-30-250/400/500 M73114 500 0.25 VA 1 phase 30 MC1-35-50/100/150 M73116 150 0.25 VA 1 phase 35 MC1-55-500/1000/1500 M73115 1500 0.25 VA 1 phase 55 MC1-80-1000/1500/2000 M73117 2000 0.25 VA 1 phase 80 TIME-DELAYED SELF-CONSUMPTION Designed by: Image and Communications Department - CIRCUTOR, SA Solutions for Self-consumption + information: [email protected] www.circutor.com CIRCUTOR, SA - Vial Sant Jordi, s/n 08232 Viladecavalls (Barcelona) Spain Tel. (+34) 93 745 29 00 - Fax: (+34) 93 745 29 14 [email protected] Code: C2S093-06 CIRCUTOR, SA reserves the right to change any information contained in this catalogue.