Transcript
Shooting, Editing and Retouching for Print Production Tony Morella
Picture of a model in my mother’s wedding dress merged with a picture of paper samples.
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A Little Housekeeping Leave your images with my assistant now
You can pick up your print, samples and drive at the end
Feel Free to ask questions during the presentation
If the answer is too long I’ll talk too you later
Fill out the Hahnemuhle Raffle Form completely!
You can win a 13x19 box of paper worth up to $200* *Retail value based upon paper you choose
I’m a PC user, My screen shots are of PC software
Please don’t ask how it’s done on a MAC
I can answer questions about your prints at the end
Your images will not be saved to our computer
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My Background Bachelors In Fine Art Photography Technician and Product Manager Product Manager at Anitec Product and Marketing Kodak Software Product Manager Ricoh InkJet Press Consultant Epson
My Career History
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Today I own and operate a print shop: Digital Printing Digital Image Manipulation Digital Photography www.digitaleditionsatelier.com
Digital Editions Atelier is the company I started 5 years ago. These images are all from clients of mine
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Who Invented Photography?
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce 1826 First person to get a photographic image to stay on anything. Was trying to make a printing plate! 1833 dies and, leaves his notes to Louis Daguerre
Louis Daguerre 1839, Niépce’ partner brings this (Direct Positive) product to market with some improvements and starts the photography business.
William Henry Fox Talbot 1839 is the inventor of the photographic process we use today, (Negative/Positive) but it didn’t catch on for 40 yrs.
Niepce was trying to make a better printing plate because: It was the age of the Atelier (French Print Studio) The virtues of finely drawn and carefully printed etchings were promoted by landscape painters of the Barbizon School and the American expatriate James McNeil Whistler (17.3.85). Although the graphic arts, in the labored precision of their production, were generally viewed as antithetical to the Impressionists' aims to produce fugitive, atmospheric effects, Édouard Manet (1980.1077), Edgar Degas (19.29.2), and Camille Pissarro (21.46.1) extended their reach by exploring the possibilities of etching, aquatint, and lithography. Degas, the finest draftsman of these three painters, experimented in making monotypes by printing onto paper images he had worked up in ink on sheets of glass or metal.
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How do you make a good digital Print? It requires 3 elements
The right exposure
The right software tools
The right printer settings
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The Basics 1.
Shooting: With the intent of printing
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Know what your camera can do Use camera settings that are print friendly Get exposures that print well
Editing: Tonal Range and Color Space
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Soft Proof before you print Manipulate the Tonal Range for print Manipulate the colors to print
Printer Settings: Optimized
Choose optimum size to print Choose optimum Rendering Intent to use Choose optimum settings for the paper
What we will cover
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No image prints as you saw it! Most Cameras can’t capture everything you can see Most Monitors can’t show everything you capture No Printer can print everything your screen shows Each step has limitations
Limited Tonal Range
Limited Color Reproduction
Limited Luminescence
Printing is the art of navigating around the limitations
The misconceptions of WYSIWYG. We are not there yet but I’m sure we will be soon.
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Understanding Your Camera It’s Setting Trade offs It’s Lens Limitations It’s Tonal Range Limits It’s Sensor Limitations
The more you know the better you can Navigate
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Before You Shoot Check your Histogram
It shows how much range you captured
Control your Exposure
Full Auto Exposure can be trouble…
The camera doesn’t know the fstop sweet spot
Mind your ISO Auto ISO can be trouble Lower is better High ISO = Noise Bigger prints=bigger noise
The camera doesn’t know the subject is moving Use your tools
Spot Meter
Exposure Lock
EV adjustments
Active lighting
Steady Shot
If you are going to retouch you want the pixel depth of RAW
Set White balance Auto WB usually works well You may want to trim it to your taste
Set your file type
Set your color space Pro Photo captures the most colors Adobe RGB is the most universal sRGB captures the least colors If you have a high end printer use the most If you are printing at Walmart use sRGB
Things to keep in mind before you begin shooting
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Evaluate the Tonal Range Digital Technology has limited ability to capture Tonal Range
Scenes have varying Tonal Ranges
Digital Cameras Film Monitors Printers
Color Print Misty Day B&W Print
{{
{
Color Film
Average Day
B&W Film
Bright Day
Tonal Range. We want a picture that shows what we saw. Since it’s not possible we need to control our print workflow to get as close perceptually as possible
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Dynamic Range 14 13 12 11 10 9
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1 f stops
Each camera can capture a specific range
In Auto Exposure the camera decides by averaging The camera reads the range and centers it ADL and HTP is in-camera software that extends the range
Average day no problem Bright sunny days can be troublesome
The range is outside what the camera can capture With Auto exposure the camera clips what it can’t handle
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
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Dynamic Range 14 13 12 11 10 9
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1 f stops
Avg. Day=7 f Stops
Each camera can capture a specific range
In Auto Exposure the camera decides by averaging The camera reads the range and centers it ADL and HTP is in-camera software that extends the range
Average day no problem Bright sunny days can be troublesome
The range is outside what the camera can capture With Auto exposure the camera clips what it can’t handle
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
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Dynamic Range 14 13 12 11 10 9
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1 f stops
Sunny Day=19 f Stops
Each camera can capture a specific range
In Auto Exposure the camera decides by averaging The camera reads the range and centers it ADL and HTP is in-camera software that extends the range
Average day no problem Bright sunny days can be troublesome
The range is outside what the camera can capture With Auto exposure the camera clips what it can’t handle
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
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Cameras Are Getting Better Their Dynamic Range capabilities are getting better Nikon Native DR 9.3 f Stops
9.7 f Stops
Canon Native DR 9.7 f Stops DRO ADL HTP are In Camera image processing software Nikon Extended DR 11.7 f Stops Canon Extended DR 10.3 f Stops
11.7 f Stops
What your camera’s sensor is capable of.
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Digital Cameras Produce Noise Sensors are millions of photosensitive sites called Photosites
Noise
Noise occurs when a photon of light goes to the wrong photosite Lowlight scenes produce more noise because the photons are weakest Example: 2 sensors with 24 MP The smaller the photosites are the more likely you will get noise Two cameras with the same megapixels
How does noise occur
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DXO Labs Comparison Notice the top 10 are almost all Full Frame sensors
DXO labs Top 10 comparison. Keep in mind if you can resort the list depending on the type of photography you predominately do: Sports,Landscapes,Portraits
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Digital is Like Slide Film When shooting…
Spot Meter what matters Expose for the highlight detail Good prints have detail
In the Highlights and the Shadows
Err to the underexposed
Most Shadow detail is retrievable If a Highlight is clipped it’s not retrievable
The histograms show dynamic range you captured
Shoot for the highlights process for the shadows. The same as we did for Color Slide film The opposite of what we did for Color and B&W Negative film
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Meter What Matters Example 1 Auto Exposure is programmed to… What the photographer was thinking Expose for the mid-tones. It lightens the image overall
“ I want to see printed detail in the highlights so I want to let less light in” 1. 2. 3. 4.
Point spot meter to the highlight Lock in the exposure Reframe Shoot
How to meter for what matters Example 1
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Meter What Matters Example 2 What the auto exposure does:
What the photographer wants Reads too much light and closes down “ That dog should be white I need more light ” •
Meter the highlight
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Use EV to add light
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Lock the Exposure
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Reframe if you like
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Take the shot
How to meter for what matters Example 2
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HDRI High Dynamic Range Imaging A method of rendering an image that is closer to what the eye can truly see. Use a Tripod
Step :1 expose for the highlights
Step :3 Merge the two together with software
Step :2 expose for the Shadows
{Photoshop, Lightroom 4, Other}
You can adjust how much of each exposure is used
Software method of HDR
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In Camera HDR
The camera automatically shoots up to 7 shots at different exposures Use a Tripod
In Camera method of HDR.
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First Photographer to use HDR? Gustave Le Gray In 1850s Le Gray used one negative for the sky, and another one with a longer exposure for the sea, and combined the two in the darkroom In the 1850s and 1860s this was probably the most famous photographic image in Europe. A London photographic dealer reported 800 prints ordered within the first two months of sale.
800 prints in two months!
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Good Prints Have Sharp Detail Use a good lens Shoot at the optimum
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A Word About Lenses Research your lens before you buy Choose your Lens Choose Your Cameras
Canon EF 50mm f1.4 USM
Vs
Sigma 50mm f1.4 EX DG HSM
http://www.the-digital-picture.com/
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Another Word About Lenses Sharp in the center isn’t always sharp at the extremes
Canon 50mm f1.4
Vs
Sigma 50mm f1.4
http://www.dpreview.com/
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The f Stop Sweet Spot
http://www.dpreview.com/
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Zoom Vs Prime
Canon Zoom @ 24mm Vs Canon Prime 24mm Compared at their Optimum f Stop
http://www.dpreview.com/
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Understanding Color Editing compensates for printing deficiencies
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1st Calibrate Your Monitor Do it Yourself
http://mansurovs.com/how-to-calibrate-yourmonitor
Buy a Monitor calibrator
$169.00
Buy a Camera, Monitor, Printer calibrator
$449.00
http://www.xritephoto.com Also a lot of great videos explaining color management
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They Work Like This Load The software Hang the device on your monitor Hit next The Software flashes colors The Device reads the colors It creates a Profile of your monitor Save the profile Use it when looking at images Tip: Evaluate color in a darkened room
http://www.xritephoto.com Also a lot of great videos explaining color management
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Why Didn’t My Colors Print? Color is a complex phenomena
The eye can capture a lot of color Unfortunately most technology cannot Print captures the least Fortunately most people forget what they saw! The range of colors a person can see or a device can reproduce is called its: Color Space or Color Gamut
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The Human Eye CIE 1931- First Map of What the Eye Can See
Each color was defined with coordinates based upon The Electromagnetic Spectrum
CIE- International Commission on Illumination
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The Color Space In 1977 the CIE released a 3D map of the colors we can see
The 1977 L.A.B. color Space can be viewed from all angles
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/colorspaces.htm
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Color Space is a 3D Map You Navigate the space using only 3 coordinates The coordinates for color are expressed in %L ,%A,%B White Point
This spot would be something like 50% L 50% +A 10% -B
Black Point
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/colorspaces.htm
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Color Spaces Can be Compared Here are two color space maps A map of what the eye can see (Wire) A map of what Monitor can show sRGB (Solid) A color that falls here can be seen by your eye but not reproduced on a monitor. It's Out of Gamut for the Monitor color space sRGB
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/colorspaces.htm
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Out Of Gamut Colors Paper Manufacturers Test Papers on Different Printers
What The Monitor Shows (Wire)
What Epson Glossy Can Print (Solid)
This Would be a Color your Monitor can show but this Printer/Paper combination can not print Once a Manufacturer maps his product he publishes the info in a language a computer can understand It’s called an
ICC Profile
http://www.northscape.co.uk/colour-managedworkflow
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Color Spaces are Subsets
Human Eye
Adobe RGB
sRGB
9 Color,
Printer
4 Color Printer
Subsets which pretty much fit inside each other
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Understanding Pixels Once the Camera Sensor records the light it is turned into numeric information (Binary) for your computer to use called Pixels
It’s uses Binary because computers only use 2 numbers 0= off and 1= on
How can a machine that only understands 2 numbers do so much!
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Pixels are Measured in Bits Bit Depth are the levels from darkest to lightest within each pixel Cameras record 12 or 14 bits per Color called Raw.
Raw
Jpeg
Computers read bits as either Off =0 or On =1 (binary) 212 =4,096 214=16,384 Most cameras save as Jpeg or Raw Jpeg is a compression technology that reduces the bits/pixel levels to 8 bits 28 =256
The power of 2
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Save Your Files as Tiffs Raw Files are converted to Tiffs by your computer Tiffs stretch the raw file to 16 bits of information per Pixel Blackest black
Whitest white
16 bit 65,536 levels per color
8 bit 256 levels per color
Jpegs
Tiffs
Jpegs are great when you are done with all the work but they limit you when you are manipulating the colors.
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Advantage of Bit Depth Under Exposed Image Jpeg Version
Corrected Image Tiff Version
Lightening the image spreads the pixel out
Jpegs are great when you are done with all the work but they limit you when you are manipulating the colors. Here is why.
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Editing and Processing The software tools to adjust the image for optimum viewing and printing No matter who is doing the printing! Basic tools: ICC Profiles Soft Proofing Gamut Color Control Levels Adjustment Rendering Intent
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What Is an ICC Profile A standard created by (International Color Consortium) ICC was formed in 1993 by eight industry vendors in order to create an open, vendor-neutral color management system Adobe, Agfa, Apple, Kodak, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, and Taligent. It’s computer code for communicating color info It defines what colors can be projected and/or printed It’s essential for printing good color I make them for some of my clients who print with me
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Papers Have ICC Profiles Most Inkjet paper manufactures provide them For each different paper they make
You can download them from their websites They are specific to the equipment being used
The Brand The Model The Inks
Epson Color Stylus Pro 9890 Ultrachrome K3 Inks
You can make your own
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Here Is How it Works Print the test chart Read the test chart Save and install the profile
If someone else prints for you, send them these files to print first (Actually Two 8x10 prints)
Make your own profiles for the ultimate in color control. Or send them to the printer you send your images to to print.
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Why use ICC Profiles?
ICC profiles define the colors of the entire workflow In printing the profile describes the paper to the computer: How white is the white How reflective is the surface How much ink it can hold Your computer uses this info to make adjustments What the monitor shows (Soft Proofing) What colors the Paper/Printer combo can print How much ink to print
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My Workflow Raw File
Raw File
Adobe Bridge TIFF
Adobe Camera Raw
TIFF or JPEG
Adobe Photoshop
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Adobe Bridge A Light Table
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Adobe Camera Raw Initial Image Processing (Development)
Straighten Lens Correction Chromatic Aberration Sharpening & Noise Reduction
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Adobe Camera Raw Straighten
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Adobe Camera Raw Lens Correction
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Adobe Camera Raw Chromatic Aberration
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Adobe Camera Raw Sharpening & Noise Reduction
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Adobe Photoshop Fine Tuning for Print
Size Print Soft Proof For Paper Stock For Color Gamut
Levels Adjustment Sharpen For Print Print Dialog Screen
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Size Print
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A Word About Size Size Matters
35mm
Scanned at 4000dpi
Up to 27”x18” print
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A Word About Size Size Matters
If you want to push itUse Perfect Resize from OnOne software
Perfect resize from OnOne software http://www.ononesoftware.com/products/resize8/ Even does my Gallery wraps
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A Word About Size Size Matters
35mm
Scanned at 4000dpi
Up to 27”x18” print
Don’t throw away those old negs!
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Soft Proofing Your Images In Photoshop View > Proof Setup > Custom
To pick your ICC Profile Which brings up the list Choose Proof conditions
1 3
2
4 5
Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
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Soft Proofing Your Images Out Of Gamut Color Colors that will not Print
View > Gamut Warning
Out of Gamut colors get highlighted
Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
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Controlling Color
Window > Adjustments> Hue/Saturation Tool
Begin adjusting
Adjusting Color while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
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Adjusting Contrast
Window > Adjustments> Levels Tool
Adjusting contrast while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
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Adjusting Contrast
Window > Adjustments> Levels Tool
Adjusting Color while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles
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Sharpen to Print
Filter > Sharpen> Smart Sharpen
Sharpening before you print
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Print Dialog Printer Settings
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3 4
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Printer Set-Up
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Color Handling Choose Profile Rendering Intent Black Point
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Printer Settings Save
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Media Type
1 2 3
Color or B&W Quality Level
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Mode
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Put up & Size Print Preview
Back to Photoshop
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Print
Hit Print
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Rendering Intent Relative and Perceptual Absolute and Saturated
Relative Colorimetric will clip any colors that are outside the printer/paper capability which can result in a flattened image in terms of color. On the plus side it matches colors it can print perfectly.
Perceptual Intent retains the relationship between colors, the spacing in the values, it doesn't clip colors but drops the saturation in very saturated colors.
Rendering Intent when to use which. Our eyes are more sensitive to the perceptional relationship between colors rather than the actual color.
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Not all Print Equipment is the Same Better Printers Make Better Prints
Just a little self promotion here
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Variety of Printers on the Market All Color Printers start with CMYK Inks Factors that change the color gamut
Print Technology Used Dye-sublimation (heated dyes) Xerographic (charged toner particles) Ink Jet (dyes or Pigments)
Dyes Vs Pigments Dyes- more brilliant Pigments- last longer
Quality of the Inks used Quality of the Papers they can print on Number of colors (more is better) C,Lc,M,Lm,Y,PK,MK,Lk,LLk,
More Colors is always better new 12 color printers have even more color gamut
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Ink-Jet Printers Predominant Type: Drop-on-demand Two Varieties of these Thermal inkjet printer
Ink is pumped into Chamber Chamber is heated Heat pushes drops of ink onto paper HP, Canon, and Lexmark
Piezo-electric inkjet printer,
Ink is pumped into Chamber Electric charge vibrates crystal, Crystal pushes ink onto paper Epson
Tech Wars: Epson has higher resolution but Canon clogs less often and is more self maintained (a blessing when print heads need to be replaced)
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The New Hay Day of Photography InkJet has returned it with a Passion! The products on the market are endless! Weights (vellum, single, double, card stock) You name it! Sizes (from 4x5 up to 66 in x 100 ft rolls.) Base colors Can match photo white (Plus: cream, ivory, Silver, Gold, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue and more) Textures Can match photo glossy, pearl and matte (Plus: linen, silk, (Real Silk!) canvas, leather, cotton, and metal! Fine Art Papers which have been made for centuries Including, Watercolor, Bamboo, Sugar Cane, Rice and 100% Cotton are now Inkjet coated You can even coat your own!
The range of products is amazing! My philosophy is: The Image isn’t done till it’s printed ( of course). The wide variety allows photographers to add an extra element to help deliver their visual message home.
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Post Printing Ink-Jet Tips Inks are mostly water therefore: They need to Gas Out (24hr dry) Don’t touch the surface (use gloves) Maintain a good Relative Humidity Keep printer covered when not printing Print often Before your vacation: Remove the heads (if possible) Run a cleaning cycle After your vacation: Run a cleaning cycle
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Some of My Resources http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm http://www.the-digital-picture.com/ http://shutha.org http://www.hdrphototutorial.com/capturing-enough-dynamic-range/ http://sketchminded.blogspot.com http://www.dxomark.com http://www.digitalphotographylive.com http://www.dpreview.com/ http://www.hahnemuehle.com/en/digital-fineart.html http://www.canson-infinity.com/en/index.asp http://www.redrivercatalog.com/
I also included the paper manufactures sites so you can download the ICC profiles. Have Fun!
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It’s Time to Raffle!
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